SUGGESTED ANSWER

Activity 1.1
1. A 3. A 5. A 7. B 9. B
2. B 4. B 6. A 8. A 10. A

Activity 1.2
1. a 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. c 6. b

Activity 1.3
1. Different (father /ɑː/, fall /ɔː/, any /æ/, ago /ә/, watch /ɒ/)
2. Different (grind /aɪ/, machine /iː/, bird /ɜː/)
3. Different (rule /u:/, put /ʊ/, hut /ʌ/)
4. Different (stove /әʊ/, move /u:/, love /ʌ/)
5. Different (meat /iː/, head /e/, great /eɪ/, bear /eә/)

Activity 1.4
1. cupboard 3. science 5. Wednesday 7. island 9. white
2. bird 4. half 6. knife 8. window 10. autumn

Activity 1.5
1. knight, gnat 4. west, want
2. cat, king, calm, quay, quest 5. vest, vast
3. get, guest,

Activity 1.6
1. accent 2. dialect 3. variety 4. regional 5. social

Activity 1.7
1. 3 3. 3 5. 3 7. 4 9. 7
2. 3 4. 2 6. 3 8. 5 10. 10

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Activity 1.8
1. d 2. b 3. c 4. c 5. c 6. a 7. b 8. a

Activity 1.9
1. phoneme 3. allophones
2. allophones – phoneme 4. phoneme - allophones

Activity 1.10
1. CCVC 2. CCVC 3. CVCVCV 4. CCVC 5. CVC
6. VCVC 7. CVCVC 8. VCAC 9. CVCCC 10. VCVCC

Activity 1.11
1. a 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. d 7. d

Activity 1.12
1. No 2. No 3. Yes 4. No 5. Yes
6. Yes 7. No 8. Yes 9. Yes 10. No

Activity 1.13
Answers may vary. Here are some suggestions.
p pack: back, tack mapping: matting, mashing ape: ate, aim
m mate: bait, hate slimming: slipping, slitting room: root, rouge
s seek: leak, beak leasing: leashing, leaping class: clap, clam
ʃ sheet: feet, beat mashed: mapped, mast bash: bat, bass
l lash sash, gash rolling: roping, roaming coal: comb, cope
f feel peel, real refined: remind, rewind staff: stack, stab
n knee bee, fee sneak: speak, sleek bone: boat, bowl
d dash bash, cash budding: butting, bumming bed: bet, beg
ɡ gain rain, pain plugging: plucking, plumping wig: win, wit
z zip tip, sip buzzing: budding, bugging seize: seek, seen

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Activity 1.14
Answers may vary. Here are some suggestions.
1. seal, sell, soul 2. plea, plow, play 3. speak, spoke, spike
4. math, moth, myth 5. lean, loan, lawn 6. cone, keen, kin
7. dim, dumb, dam 8. take, took, tick 9. grind, ground, groaned

Activity 1.15

1. True 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. False

6. False 7. True 8. True 9. True 10. True

Activity 1.16
1. c 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. d 6. a 7. b 8. c

Activity 1.17
0. weight 2. quay 4. queue 6. cereal 8. yolk
1. choir 3. guessed 5. heal 7. vain 9. plain

Activity 1.18
1. /rɪˈfjuːz/ /ˈref.juːs/ 5. /ɪnˈvæl.ɪd/ /ˈɪn.vә.lɪd/ 8. /haʊs/ /haʊz/
2. /klәʊs/ /klәʊz/ 6. /sәʊ/ /saʊ/ 9. /wuːnd/ /waʊnd/
3. /ˈkɒn.vɪkt/ /kәnˈvɪkt/ 7. /tɪә(r)/ /teә(r)/ 10. /beɪs/ /bæs/
4. /ˈdez.әt/ /dɪˈzɜːt/

Activity 1.19
1. transcribed 5. International Phonetic Association
2. vowels consonants 6. narrow
3. allophones 7. complementary distribution
4. diacritics

129
Activity 2.1
1. lungs 2. trachea 3. larynx 4. vocal folds
5. vocal tract 6. pharynx 7. oral cavity 8. nasal cavity

Activity 2.2
1. Trachea 2. Larynx 3. Glottis 4. Focal cords

Activity 2.3

Activity 2.4: s, ʃ , f

Activity 2.5:
әʊ, ә, u:, n, l, ɪә, ʒ, ʌ

Activity 2.6
1. Voiced 3. Voiceless 5. Voiceless 7. Voiced 9. Voiceless
2. Voiced 4. Voiced 6. Voiced 8. Voiceless 10. Voiced

Activity 2.7
1. Nose 2. Upper teeth 3. Upper lip 4. Lower lip
5. Lower teeth 6. Tongue 7. Pharynx

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Activity 2.8
1. P 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. P 6. P

Activity 2.9
1. tongue 3. lips 5. (lower) lip 7. lips
2. velum 4. tongue 6. tongue 8. tongue

Activity 2.10
1. r 5. ʃ 9. f 13. tʃ 17. r
2. w 6. s 10. θ 14. ʃ 18. z
3. n 7. dʒ 11. s 15. ʃ 19. ɡ
4. t 8. j 12. k 16. n 20. s

Activity 2.11
1. f 5. ʒ 9. dʒ 13. b 17. ð
2. z 6. w 10. ɡ 14. f 18. k
3. l 7. r 11. s 15. z 19. tʃ
4. s 8. ʃ 12. m 16. θ 20. j

Activity 2.12
1. θ 5. dʒ 9. p 13. ŋ 17. f
2. s 6. tʃ 10. z 14. m 18. ʒ
3. k 7. n 11. z 15. ɡ 19. t
4. t 8. ʃ 12. ð 16. l 20. m

Activity 2.13
phase, heartache, chaos

Activity 2.14
mission, breathy, racer, tougher, classy

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Activity 2.15
worse, off, cloth, dose, path, prince, distinguish, match

Activity 2.16
1. peg 2. wade 3. view 4. jump 5. thigh
6. lazy 7. refuse 8. bicker 9. fussy 10. edging
11. flees 12. card 13. eyes 14. rich 15. hosed

Activity 2.17
1. folds – cords 3. glottal 5. active
2. glottis 4. voicing – phonation 6. passive

Activity 3.1
1. Open 2. Close 3. Open 4. Close 5. Close
6. Close 7. Open 8. Close 9. Close 10. Open
11. Open 12. Close 13. Close 14. Close 15. Close

Activity 3.2
1. Front 2. Back 3. Front 4. Front 5. Back
6. Front 7. Front 8. Back 9. Front 10. Back
11. Back 12. Front 13. Back 14. Back 15. Front

Activity 3.3

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Activity 3.4
1. ben – send – det /e/ 4. bʊk – fʊl – kʊd /ʊ/
2. pæk – mæs – æn /æ/ 5. lʌk – lʌv – sʌm /ʌ/
3. ɒd – rɒk – tɒm /ɒ/ 6. ˈʌn.dә – әˈgәʊ – pәˈhæps /ә/

Activity 3.5
1. /ʌ/: cut, bus, come, sun, flood 5. /ɒ/: cot, cost, mop, knowledge, what
2. /æ/: cab, cap, cash, man, hat 6. /ʊ/: book, wood, could, put, good
3. /e/: egg, any, fell, set, many 7. /ә/: another, brother, the, today, forget
4. /ɪ/: fifth, rich, sit, city, pretty

Activity 3.6

Activity 3.7
1. horse 3. wear 5. calm 7. height 9. fierce
2. turn 4. loose 6. round 8. toil 10. seen

Activity 3.8
1. hɑːf – kɑː – mɑːk – lɑːf /ɑː/ 3. mu:n – tru: – su:p – kru: /u:/
2. tɔːk – smɔːl – tɔːt - lɔː /ɔː/ 4. nɜːs – dɜːt – vɜːs – wɜːk /ɜː/

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Activity 3.9
1. /iː/: beat, receive, see, unique, eat 4. /u:/: spoon, you, blue, balloon, shoe
2. /ɑː/: cart, aunt, pass, calm, art 5. /ɜː/: hurt, bird, word, serve, fur
3. /ɔː/: law, caught, port, thought, horse

Activity 3.10
ɪ Close-mid Front Unrounded Short Close-mid
e Mid Front Unrounded Short Mid
æ Open Front Unrounded Short Open
ɑː Open Back Rounded Long Open
ɒ Open-mid Back Rounded Short Open-mid
ɔː Close-mid Back Rounded Long Close-mid
ʊ Close-mid Back Rounded Short Close-mid
u: Close Back Rounded Long Close
ә Mid Central Neutral Short Mid
ɜː Mid Central Neutral Long Mid
ʌ Open-mid Central Neutral Short Open-mid

Activity 3.11
1. ɪ close front unrounded short 6. ʊ close-mid back rounded short
2. e close-mid front unrounded short 7. u: close back rounded long
3. æ open front unrounded short 8. ɒ open-mid back rounded short
4. ɑː open back rounded long 9. ɔː close-mid back rounded long
5. ʌ open-mid central neutral short

Activity 3.12
1. D /iː/ close, front, unrounded, long - /ɪ/ close-mid, front, unrounded, short
2. D /e/ mid, front, unrounded, short – /ɑː/ open, back, rounded, long
3. S /ɪ/ close-mid, front, unrounded, short
4. D /e/ mid, front, unrounded, short – /ɪ/ close-mid, front, unrounded, short

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5. S /ʌ/ open-mid, central, neutral, short
6. D /ә/ mid, central, neutral, short – /ɒ/ open-mid, back, unrounded, short
7. S /ɪ/ close-mid, front, unrounded, short
8. D /ɑː/ open, back, rounded, long – /ɔː/ close-mid, back, rounded, long
9. D /ә/ / mid, central, neutral, short – /æ/ open, front, unrounded, short
10. S /ɑː/ open, back, rounded, long

Activity 3.13

Activity 3.14
1. Diphthong 5. Monophthong 9. Diphthong 13. Diphthong 17. Monophthong
2. Monophthong 6. Monophthong 10. Monophthong 14. Diphthong 18. Monophthong
3. Diphthong 7. Diphthong 11. Diphthong 15. Monophthong 19. Monophthong
4. Monophthong 8. Monophthong 12. Monophthong 16. Diphthong 20. Diphthong

Activity 3.15
Diphthongs
aɪ eɪ ɔɪ eә ɪә ʊә әʊ aʊ
why stay join care real moor hope how
mild paint point bare cheer tour snow south
nine age noise there ear road down
eyes shape coin fair both mouth
bright late share joke drown
rise so found

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Activity 3.16
1. Surely we are going to a party tonight. /әʊ/- /aɪ/
2. You can’t afford this expensive tour now that you’re poor. /ʊә/- /aʊ/
3. The cure which he endured was cruel and arduous. /ʊә/-/ʊә/
4. My wife’s diary is strictly private. /aɪ/-/aɪ/-/aɪ/-/aɪ/
5. The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain. /eɪ/-/eɪ/-/eɪ/-/eɪ/-/eɪ/
6. See you later, alligator – in a while, crocodile. /eɪ/-/eɪ/-/aɪ/-/aɪ/
7. There was a young lady of Niger. /eә/- /eɪ/-/eә/
Who smiled as she rode on a tiger; /aɪ/-/әʊ/-/aɪ/
They returned from the ride /eɪ/-/aɪ/
With the lady inside, /eɪ/-/aɪ/
And the smile on the face of the tiger. /aɪ/-/eɪ/-/aɪ/
8. There was a young fellow named Tate /eә/-/әʊ/-/eɪ/-/eɪ/
Who dined with his girl at 8.08; /aɪ/-/eɪ/-/eɪ/
But I’d hate to relate /aɪ/-/eɪ/-/eɪ/
What that fellow named Tate /әʊ/-/eɪ/-/eɪ/
And his girlfriend ate at 8.08. /eɪ/-/eɪ/-/eɪ/
9. These pronunciation exercises are a pain in the neck /eɪ/-/aɪ/-/eɪ/

Activity 3.17
1. iː 4. ә 7. aɪ 10. ɔː 13. ә
2. әʊ 5. eә 8. ɒ 11. ɔː 14. ɪ
3. æ 6. eɪ 9. æ 12. ʌ 15. ә

Activity 3.18
English Vowel System
Monophthongs Diphthongs (8) Triphthongs
Short vowels Long vowels Closing /ʊ/ Closing /ɪ/ Centring /ә/ (5)
(7) (5) (2) (3) (3)
æ ɑː әʊ aɪ eә aɪә
e ɜː aʊ eɪ ɪә eɪә

136
 ɪ iː ɔɪ ʊә ɔɪә
ɒ ɔː әʊә
ʊ u: aʊә
ә
ʌ

Activity 3.19
1. D 4. B 7. H
2. I 5. C 8. G
3. F 6. E 9. A

Activity 4.1
1. /p, θ/ 7. /θ, m/ 14. /f, s, z/ 21. /w, tʃ, z/
2. /p, s, t/ 8. /f, j/ 15. /m, n, ŋ/ 22. /z/
3. /ɡ, l/ 9. /z, b, r/ 16. /θ, ŋ, k/ 23. /k/
4. /d, ʒ/ 10. /m, ʒ/ 17. /j, n, t/ 24. /f, θ/
5. /b, l/ 11. /tʃ/ 18. /s, ŋ/ 25. /k, j/
6. /spt/ 12. /kw/ 19. /θt/ 26. /tls/
13. /pj/ 20. /dʒdʒ/ 27. /dʒn/

Activity 4.2
1. streŋθ 2. kraɪm 3. wɪʃɪŋ 4. waɪvz 5. ðiːz
6. ˈhaɪ.dʒæk.ɪŋ 7. ˈtʃɪp.ɪŋ 8. jel.ɪŋ 9. ˌsɪkˈstiːn 10. ˈθiː.sɪs

Activity 4.3
1. D Velar – Post-alveolar 9. S Alveolar
2. D Alveolar – Post-alveolar 10. D Alveolar – Post-alveolar
3. D Velar – Alveolar 11. D Velar – Post-alveolar
4. S Labiodental 12. D Bilabial - Alveolar
5. D Bilabial – Alveolar 13. D Glottal – Palatal

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 6. S Alveolar 14. D Alveolar – Bilabial
7. D Bilabial – Palatal 15. S Bilabial
8. S Dental

Activity 4.4
1. mat gnat sat bat rat pat
2. knot got lot cot hot pot
3. zip nip lip ship tip dip
4. fat cat that mat chat vat
5. zip nip lip sip tip dip
6. pie guy shy thigh thy high
7. sigh shy tie thigh thy lie

8. pot sad boss lamb lamp size hen call

Activity 4.5
1. (A) Bilabial 2. (A) Alveolar 3. (A) Velar
(B) /b p/ (B) /t d/ (B) /k ɡ/
(C) bet, pet (C) tea, debt (C) kite, get

Activity 4.6
1. (A) Labiodental 2. (A) Dental 3. (A) Alveolar 4. (A) Post-alveolar
(B) /f v/ (B) /θ ð/ (B) /s z/ (B) /ʃ ʒ/
(C) fan, van (C) thin, this (C) sick, zoo (C) show, measure

Activity 4.7
1. /z/ Alveolar Fricative Lenis
2. /k/ Velar Plosive Fortis
3. /θ/ Dental Fricative Fortis
4. /ʃ/ Post-alveolar Fricative Fortis
5. /ð/ Dental Fricative Lenis

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6. /t/ Alveolar Plosive Fortis
7. /h/ Glottal Fricative Fortis
8. /b/ Bilabial Plosive Lenis

Activity 4.8
1. Voicing 6. Voicing
2. Manner of articulation 7. Place of articulation
3. Place of articulation 8. Place of articulation
4. Voicing 9. Voicing
5. Manner of articulation 10. Place of articulation

Activity 4.9
psychology philosophy whale half haze cuts meet
round think use halve phase sheep hour
plot xylophone photograph hash path seventh swim

Activity 4.10
1./θ/ thing, theme 2./h/ house, hold 3. /dʒ/ juice, judge
4. /s/ so, sad 5./v/ vote, van

Activity 4.11
1. (A) Bilabial 2. (A) Alveolar 3. (A) Velar 4. (A) Post-alveolar
(B) /m w/ (B) /n l / (B) /ŋ/ (B) /r/
(C) man, wand (C) now, low (C) thing, bring (C) row, ray

Activity 4.12
Bilabial Labio Dental Alveolar Post Palatal Velar Glottal
dental alveolar
Plosives p b t d k ɡ
Fricatives f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ
Affricates tʃ dʒ

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Nasals m n ŋ
Lateral l
(approximant)
Approximants w r j

Activity 4.13
1. /f, s, tʃ, z, θ, ʒ, ð /: /tʃ/ is an affricate, the rest are fricatives
2. /t, z, n, m, d, l, s/: /m/ is a bilabial, the rest are alveolars
3. /n, ɡ, v, s, z, r, m/: /s/ is voiceless, the rest are voiced
4. /m, w, ŋ, p, b/: /p/ is voiceless, the rest are voiced

Activity 4.14
Symbols Set 1 Set 2
1. s l p m v ʃ s p ʃ ( fortis ) l m v ( lenis )
2. f j w r z θ f z θ ( fricative ) j w r ( approximant )
3. s v h ð ʒ θ s h θ ( fortis ) v ð ʒ ( lenis )
4. d k n l ŋ ɡ d n l ( alveolar ) k ŋ ɡ ( velar )
5. t m b ʃ s ɡ t ʃ s ( fortis ) m b ɡ ( lenis )
6. ʃ p ʒ b tʃ m ʃ ʒ tʃ ( post alveolar ) p b m ( bilabial )
7. h j z r w s h z s ( fricative ) j r w ( approximant )
8. n s p k j w n j w ( lenis ) s p k ( fortis )
9. j w b d ɡ r j w r ( approximant ) b d ɡ ( plosive )

Activity 4.15
1. Voicing 5. Manner 9. Place
2. Voicing, Manner 6. Place, Voicing 10. Place
3. Voicing, Manner 7. Place, Manner, Voicing 11. Manner
4. Place, Manner 8. Place, Manner 12. Place

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Activity 4.16
1. race wreath bush breathe bang rave rose rough
2. rain comb rail rang dumb deaf lamp climb
3. load nut lull bar lose rob one lure
4. we who one nut jet yet only rule
5. much back edge choose fuss range rush touch
6. foreign theater tidings hospital cassette shroud
7. winter university captive ripe little mute
8. went atom rigor column multiple garnish

Activity 4.17
1. brother ð lenis dental fricative
2. ringing ŋ lenis velar nasal
3. etching tʃ fortis post alveolar affricate
4. robber b lenis bilabial plosive
5. ether θ fortis dental fricative
6. pleasure ʒ lenis post-alveolar fricative
7. hopper p fortis bilabial plosive
8. telling l lenis alveolar lateral approximant
9. funny n lenis alveolar nasal
10. lodger dʒ lenis post- alveolar affricate
11. youth j lenis palatal approximant
12. arrow r lenis post-alveolar approximant
13. wonder w lenis bilabial approximant
14. survey v lenis labiodental bilabial fricative
15. forty t fortis alveolar plosive

Activity 4.18
1. Plosive: door, gore, paw, bore, core, tore
2. Fricative: zoom, there, shore, vote, think, horse, four, sing, treasure

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 3. Affricate: jaw, chore
4. Nasal: more, nor, sing
5. Lateral approximant: law
6. Approximant: war, raw, your

Activity 4.19
1. pain /peɪn/ [pʰeɪn]
2. team /tiːm/ [tʰiːm]
3. key /kiː/ [kʰiː]
4. supper /ˈsʌp.ә(r)/ [ˈsʌp.ә(r)]
5. batter /ˈbæt.ә(r)/ [ˈbæt.ә(r)]
6. please /pliːz/ [pliːz]
7. hate /heɪt/ [heɪt]
8. break /breɪk/ [breɪk]
9. Spain /speɪn/ [speɪn]
10. pray /preɪ/ [preɪ]
11. ski /skiː/ [skiː]
12. attend /әˈtend/ [әˈtʰend]
13. task /tɑːsk/ /tʰɑːsk]
14. competitor /kәmˈpet.ɪ.tә(r)/ [kәmˈpʰet.ɪ.tә(r)]
15. competent /ˈkɒm.pɪ.t(ә)nt/ [ˈkʰɒm.pɪ.t(ә)nt]

Activity 4.20
1. bake /beɪk/ [b̥eɪk]
2. coat /kәʊt/ [kәʊt]
3. goat /ɡәʊt/ [ɡ̊әʊt]
4. doubt /daʊt/ [d̥aʊt]
5. cook /kʊk/ [kʊk]
6. bought /bɔːt/ [b̥ɔːt]
7. pull /pʊl/ [pʊl]

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8. bored /bɔːd/ [b̥ɔːd]
9. billboard /ˈbɪl.bɔːd/ /ˈbɪl.bɔːd/
10. handbag /ˈhænd.bæɡ/ /ˈhænd.bæɡ/

Activity 4.21
1. lid /lɪd/ [lɪd̥]
2. rays /reɪz/ [reɪz̥]
3. bag /bæɡ/ [b̥æɡ̊]
4. judge /dʒʌdʒ/ [d̥ʒʌd̥ʒ]
5. leave /liːv/ [liːv̥]
6. breathe /briːð/ [briːð̥]
7. freeze /friːz/ [friːz̥]
8. bomb /bɒm/ [b̥ɒm]
9. rouge /ruːʒ/ [ruːʒ̥]
10. gag /ɡæɡ/ [ɡ̊æɡ̊]
11. add two /æd tuː/ [æd̥ tuː]
12. cheesecake /ˈtʃiːz.keɪk/ [ˈtʃiːz̥.keɪk]
13. bad times /bædtaɪmz/ [b̥æd̥taɪmz̥]
14. bad guys /bædɡaɪz/ [b̥ædɡaɪz̥]
15. good news /ɡʊdnjuːz/ [ɡ̊ʊdnjuːz̥]

Activity 4.22
1. try /traɪ/ [tr̥aɪ]
2. quick /kwɪk/ [kw̥ɪk]
3. tune /tjuːn/ [tj̥uːn]
4. play /pleɪ/ [pl̥ eɪ]
5. twin /twɪn/ [tw̥ɪn]
6. cue /kjuː/ [kj̥uː]
7. clean /kliːn/ [kl̥ iːn]
8. spring /sprɪŋ/ [sprɪŋ]
9. strength /streŋθ/ [streŋθ]

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10. student /ˈstjuː.d(ә)nt/ [ˈstjuː.d(ә)nt]

Activity 4.23
1. mode /mәʊd/ [mәʊd]
2. thick /θɪk/ [θɪ̌ k]
3. kiss /kɪs/ [kɪ̌ s]
4. safer /seɪfә(r)/ [sěɪfә(r)]
5. raised /reɪzd/ [reɪzd]
6. debt /det/ [dět]
7. walk /wɔːk/ [wɔˑk]
8. lamp /læmp/ [læm̌p]
9. receipt /rɪˈsiːt/ [rɪˈsiˑt]
10. husband /ˈhʌz.bәnd/ [ˈhʌz.bәnd]

Activity 4.24
1. [men.i hændz měɪk lǎɪt wɜˑk]
2. [ә bɜːd ɪn ðә hænd ɪz wɜˑθ tuː ɪn ðә bʊ̌ʃ]
3. [ә stɪ̌ tʃ ɪn taɪm seɪvz naɪn]
4. [men.i ә slɪ̌ p twɪ̌ kst kʌ̌p әn lɪ̌ p]
5. [ә rәʊ.lɪŋ stәʊn ɡæð.ә nәʊ mɒ̌s]

Activity 4.25
1. hang /hæŋ/ /hæ̃ŋ/
2. soon /suːn/ /sũːn/
3. man /mæn/ /mæ̃n/
4. mom /mɒm/ /mɒ̃m/
5. sing /sɪŋ/ /sɪŋ̃ /
6. can /kæn/ /kæ̃n/
7. ten /ten/ /tẽn/
8. morning /ˈmɔː.nɪŋ/ /ˈmɔ̃ː.nɪŋ̃ /

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9. danger /ˈdeɪn.dʒә(r)/ /ˈdẽɪn.dʒә(r)/
10. pamper /ˈpæm.pә(r)/ /ˈpæ̃m.pә(r)/

Activity 4.26
Transcribe the following words. In which of them is the /l/ likely to be “dark” (velarized)?
1. alive /әˈlaɪv/ [әˈlaɪv]
2. kill /kɪl/ [kɪɫ]
3. play /pleɪ/ [pleɪ]
4. loom /luːm/ [luːm]
5. allow /әˈlaʊ/ [әˈlaʊ]
6. tell us /telәs/ [telәs]
7. dullness /ˈdʌl.nәs/ [ˈdʌɫ.nәs]
8. Hilton /hɪlt(ә)n/ [hɪɫt(ә)n]
9. cool and calm /kuːlәnkɑːm/ [kuːlәnkɑːm]
10. gambler /ˈɡæm.blә(r)/ [ˈɡæm.blә(r)]

Activity 4.27
1. captive /ˈkæp.tɪv/ [ˈkæʔp.tɪv]
2. arctic /ˈɑːk.tɪk/ [ˈɑːʔk.tɪk]
3. actor /ˈæk.tә(r)/ [ˈæʔk.tә(r)]
4. petrol /ˈpet.rәl/ [ˈpeʔt.rәl]
5. stopwatch /ˈstɒp.wɒtʃ/ [ˈstɒʔp.wɒtʃ]
6. football /ˈfʊt.bɔːl/ [ˈfʊʔt.bɔːl]
7. nature /ˈneɪ.tʃә(r)/ [ˈneɪʔtʃә(r)]
8. sleepwalker /ˈsliːpˌwɔː.kә(r)/ [ˈsliːʔpˌwɔː.kә(r)]
9. stepbrother /ˈstepˌbrʌ.ðә(r)/ [ˈsteʔpˌbrʌ.ðә(r)]
10. lipstick /ˈlɪp.stɪk/ [ˈlɪʔp.stɪk]

Activity 4.28
1. asset /ˈæs.et/ [ˈæ̌s.ět]

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2. conflict /ˈkɒn.flɪkt/ [ˈkʰɒ̃n.flɪʔkt]
3. attend /әˈtend/ [әˈtʰẽnd̥]
4. damage /ˈdæm.ɪdʒ/ [ˈd̥æ̃m.ɪd̥ʒ]
5. cashback /ˈkæʃ.bæk/ [ˈkʰæ̌ʃ.b̥æ̌k]
6. convene /kәnˈviːn/ [kә̃nˈvĩːn]
7. customs /ˈkʌs.tәmz/ [ˈkʰʌ̌s.tә̃mz̥]
8. counter /ˈkaʊn.tә(r)/ [ˈkʰaʊ̃n.tә(r)]
9. credit /ˈkred.ɪt/ [ˈkr̥ed.ɪt]
10. pension / ˈpen.ʃ(ә)n/ [ˈpʰẽn.ʃ(ә)n]
11. replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ [rɪˈpl̥ ěɪs]
12. posture /ˈpɒs.tʃә(r)/ [ˈpʰɒ̌s.tʃә(r)]
13. debtor /ˈdet.ә(r)/ [ˈd̥ět.ә(r)]
14. second /ˈsek.(ә)nd/ [ˈsěk.(ә)nd̥]
15. retain /rɪˈteɪn/ [rɪˈtʰẽɪn]
16. deceive /dɪˈsiːv/ [d̥ɪˈsiːv̥]
17. principal /ˈprɪn.sɪ.p(ә)l/ [ˈpr̥ɪñ .sɪ.p(ә)ɫ]
18. earnings /ˈɜː.nɪŋz/ [ˈɜː̃ nɪŋ̃ z̥]
19. birthday /ˈbɜːθ.deɪ/ [ˈb̥ɜ·θ.d̥eɪ]
20. recall /rɪˈkɔːl/ [rɪˈkʰɔːɫ]

Activity 5.1
1. 2 2. 4 3. 2 4. 3 5. 2 6. 6 7. 2 8. 4
9. 2 10. 2 11. 4 12. 1 13. 4 14. 3 15. 2 16. 7
17. 1 18. 2 19. 3 20. 1 21. 2 22. 1 23. 2 24. 5
25. 3 26. 1 27. 2 28. 2 29. 2 30. 2 31. 5 32. 2
33. 1 34. 3 35. 5 36. 3 37. 2 38. 2 39. 2 40. 3

Activity 5.2
1. 3 5 21. 2 4 41. 2 5
2. 2 5 22. 2 7 42. 1 4

146
 3. 1 4 23. 4 10 43. 4 7
4. 2 7 24. 3 9 44. 2 5
5. 4 11 25. 5 11 45. 2 5
6. 1 4 26. 4 7 46. 2 7
7. 4 12 27. 2 5 47. 5 9
8. 3 6 28. 3 8 48. 5 11
9. 3 6 29. 1 4 49. 2 6
10. 3 6/7 30. 3 6 50. 2 5
11. 4 7 31. 2 6 51. 3 6
12. 3 6 32. 2 4 52. 4 10
13. 3 8 33. 2 5 53. 2 7
14. 2 6 34. 2 4 54. 5 12
15. 4 10 35. 4 9 55. 3 9
16. 2 5 36. 4 10 56. 3 8
17. 3 8 37. 3 7 57. 4 8
18. 2 5 38. 3 7 58. 3 7
19. 2 5 39. 2 7 59. 2 8
20. 3 10 40. 3 6 60. 4 8

Activity 5.3
1. or, are, I 2. on, at, in 3. go, shoe, too 4. pin, bat, mom

Activity 5.4
1. so, tea, pick 4. cup, mall, feel 8. or, are, i
2. speak, play, fly 5. felt, calls, sold 9. kill, pick, lip
3. spray, splash, split 6. tests, milked, acts 10. street, sprayed, stroll
7. tempts, sculpts, prompts 11. milk, cats, filled
12. smokes, trips, schools
13. facts, ninths, moulds
14. black, trail, slip

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Activity 5.5
to
Initial VOWEL
t u:
ONSET

asked
VOWEL Pre- Final Post-
final final
æ s k t
CODA

straw
Pre- Initial Post- VOWEL
initial initial
s t r ɔ:
ONSET

eat
VOWEL Final
i: t
CODA

east
VOWEL Pre- Final
final
i: s t
CODA

snow
Pre- Initial VOWEL
initial
s n әʊ
ONSET

texts
Pre- Initial Post- VOWEL Final Post- Post- Post-
initial initial final 1 final 2 final 3
t e k s t s
ONSET CODA

Activity 5.6
WORD ONSET PEAK CODA

148
 Pre- Initial Post- Vowel Pre- Final Post- Post- Post-
initial initial final final final final
1 2 3
1. midst m ɪ d s t
2. square s k w eә r
3. glimpse g l ɪ m p s
4. screen s k r i: n
5. splint s p l ɪ n t
6. cysts s ɪ s t
7. sixth s ɪ k s θ
8. crisped k r ɪ s p
9. cringed k r ɪ n dʒ
10. quilt k w ɪ k t
11. fenced f e n s t
12. scream s k r i: m
13. next n e k s t
14. street s t r i: t
15. squawk s k w ɔ: k
16. sprig s p r ɪ g
17. wrists r ɪ s t s
18. oinks ɔɪ ŋ k
19. crypts k r ɪ p t s
20. blink b l ɪ ŋ k
21. milked m ɪ l k t
22. scents s e n t s
23. scalped s k æ l p
24. bunked b ʌ ŋ k
25. ponds p ɒ n d z
26. lounged l aʊ n dʒ d
27. benched b e n tʃ

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28. queue k j u:
29. prompt p r ɒ m p t
30. waltzed w ɔ: l t s t
31. coins k ɔɪ n
32. cinched s ɪ n tʃ
33. straight s t r eɪ t
34. splat s p l æ t
35. squall s k w ɔ: l

Activity 5.7
Words which rhyme with each other: Words which alliterate with each other:
• cell, fell • cell, said scene, seed, sing, soul
• coal, soul, whole • fed, fell
• fed, head, said • head, heed, whole
• heed, seed • keen, keyed, king
• keen, scene
• king, sing

Activity 5.8
1. ә.ˈbaʊt 6. ˈek.strә 11. ˈtrɪk.i 16. ˈæŋ.ɡri
2. bɪ.ˈtreɪ.әl 7. ˈfæs.ɪ.neɪ.tɪŋ 12. ˈfri:.dәm 17. kәn.ˈteɪn
3. ˈkæm.ә.rә 8. ɪnˈteɡ.rә.ti 13. ˈɒk.tә.pәs 18. ˈfɒ.lәʊ
4. ˌkæt.ә.ˈɡɒr.ɪ.kl 9. ˈɪn.trә.stɪŋ 14. kriˈ.eɪt 19. ˈɒn.set
5. ˌel.ɪ.ˈmen.tri 10. ˈsæn.di 15. maɪˈ.self 20. ˈkrɪp.tɪk

Activity 5.9
1. English / ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ 19. structure /ˈstrʌktʃә/

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2. friendship / ˈfrendʃɪp/ 20. fractals /ˈfræktlz/

3. Atlantic /ә ˈlæntɪk/ 21. veranda /vәˈrændә/

4. reply /rɪ ˈplaɪ/ 22. papaya /pәˈpaɪә/

151
5. regime /reɪ ˈʒɪm/ 23. camera /ˈkæmәrә/

6. person / ˈpɜ:sn/ 24. majesty /ˈmædʒәsti/

7. rival / ˈraɪvl/ 25. study /ˈstʌdi/

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8. legal / ˈli:ɡl/ 26. many /ˈmeni/

9. penalty /ˈpenәlti/ 27. picnic /ˈpɪknik/

10. sequencing / ˈsi:kwәnsɪŋ/ 28. nucleus /ˈnju:kliәs/

153
11. concreteness / ˈkɒŋkri:tnәs/ 29. Georgetown /ˈdʒɒdʒtaʊn/

12. representative /ˌreprɪˈzentәtɪv/ 30. believe /bɪˈli:v/

13. ransom /ˈrænsәm/ 31. metric /ˈmetrɪk/

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14. anecdote / ˈænɪkdәʊt/ 32. integrity /inˈteɡrәti/

15. panic /ˈpænɪk/ 33. Africa /ˈæfrɪkә/

155
16. pity /ˈpɪti/ 34. radical /ˈrædɪkl/

17. action /ˈækʃn/ 35. liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/

18. garbage /ˈɡɑ:bɪdʒ/ 36. spinach /ˈspɪnɪtʃ/

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Activity 5.10
1. pity, Nancy, , slowly,
2. evening, spirit,
3. graduation, gradual,
4. redundant, plaza, suspend,, sudden, rupture, stutter

Activity 5.11
1. camera 11. veteran 16. aspirin 21. temperature 26. reasonable
2. imaginative 12. principal 17. management 22. testament 27. general
3. opera 13. famous 18. vegetarian 23. motivate 28. pathology
4. facilitate 14. generality 19. operatic 24. imagination 29. testimony
5. managerial 15. principality 20. chocolate 25. practically 30. beverage

Activity 5.12
1. ˈkel.tɪk SS 11. ˈkær.ә.mel SWS
2. ˈmɑ:.kә SW 12. ә.ˈlaʊd WS
3. prә.ˈvaɪd WS 13. ˈjes.tә.deɪ SWS
4. ˈren.ә.veɪt SWS 14. ˈeɪ.prәn SW
5. rɪ.ˈpɔ:t WS 15. ˌsu:.pә.ˈsi:d SWS
6. ˈæl.bә.trɒs SWS 16. ˈkeɪm.brɪdʒ SS
7. ә.ˈkɜ: WS 17. ˈkæn.bә.rә SWW
8. ˈpen.sl SW 18. ˈwɜ:.ði SW
9. prɪˈ.tend WS 19. ˈdɑ:k.nәs SW
10. ˈpre.ʃәs SW 20. ˈәʊ.ʃn SW

Activity 5.13
1. ˈkɒf.i SW i
2. ˈsɪt.i SW i
3. ˈgrædʒ.u.әt SWW u, e
4. әʊn S

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5. ˈnaɪs.ә SW ә
6. ˈwʊm.әn SW ә
7. ә.ˈgri: WS ә
8. ˈdɒk.tә SW ә
9. ˈkwɪk.ɪst SS
10. ˈvɪl.ɪ.dʒә SWW ә
11. ɪm.ˈpru:v WS
12. ɪk.ˈskju:.siz SSS
13. ˌɪn.fluˈen.zә SWSW u, ә

14. ɪ.ˌvæk.juˈeɪ.ʃn WSWSW u

15. ˈbet.ә SW ә
16. ˈkeә.lәs.nәs SWW ә
17. ˈlɪv.ә.pu:l SWS ә
18. ˈbeg.әz SW ә
19. bʌmz S
20. ә.ˈfend WS ә
21. ˈlʌn.dәn SW ә
22. ˌpɒp.juˈleɪ.ʃn SWSW u

23. rɪ.ˈtɜ:n WS
24. bɪ.ˈfɔ: WS
25. ˈwʊm.әnz SW ә
26. dɪ.ˈpɑ:.tʃә WSW ә
27. dju: S
28. ә.ˈnaʊns WS ә

Activity 5.14
1. ˈkʰæ̃nsl̩ 11. ˈd̥iˑkn̩ 16. ˈæɫm̩
2. ɪɡˈzɑ̃:m.pl̩ 12. ˈtʃɪ̌ kn̩ 17. ˈæ̌tm̩
3. ˈfju:l̩ 13. ˈtʃu:zn̩ 18. ˈb̥ɒ̌tm̩
4. ˈrɔɪl̩ 14. ˈd̥әʊzn̩ 19. ˈmæ̌ksm̩

158
5. ˈæ̌pl̩ 15. ˈɡ̥a:dn̩ 20. ˈræ̃ndm̩

Activity 5.15
1. ˈfɪ̌ kl̩ 14. ˈmɪɫjn̩ 27. ˈd̥ æbl̩ 40. ˈt h ә̌ ʊtm̩
2. ˈd̥ ɪ ̃m pl̩ 15. ˈsɪ ̃m̌ ptm̩ 28. ˈstɒ̌km̩ 41. ˈt h ẽňʃn̩
3. ˈkěɪpn̩ 16. ˈʃɑˑpn̩ 29. ˈpr̥ ɒblm̩ 42. ˈæ̃ m̌ pl̩
4. ˈɡ̥ eɪbl̩ 17. ɪ ̃n ˈedɪbl̩ 30. ˈphɑˑsl̩ 43. ˈsɪ ̃m̌ pl̩
5. ˈk h ɑˑsl̩ 18. ˈɡ̥ әʊɫdn̩ 31. ˈtʰә̌ ʊkn̩ 44. ˈhi:ðn̩
6. ˈt h ʌ ̃ nl̩ 19. ˈspæ zm̩ 32. mjuːˈzi:m̩ 45. ˈt h æ̃ ndm̩
7. ˈsev n̩ 20. ˈtʃæ̃ nl̩ 33. tjuːˈɪ̌ ʃn̩ 46. ˈlæ̌ tn̩
8. ˈvɪɫn̩ 21. ˈd̥ ʒẽňtl̩ 34. ˈvɪzәbl̩ 47. ˈmẽňʃn̩
9. rɪˈlaɪәbl̩ 22. ˈæ̌ k ʃn̩ 35. ˈfi:bl̩ 48. ˈsɒlm̩
10. ˈræ̃ ndm̩ 23. ˈwæ ɡl̩ 36. ˈsɪ̌ stm̩ 49. ˈwʊ ̃ mn̩
11. ˈd̥ æ̃ m̌ pn̩ 24. ˈsæ ɫn̩ 37. ˈtʃʌ̌ kl̩ 50. ˈp h ɜˑpl̩
12. ˈk h ɑˑtn̩ 25. mjũːˈnɪ̌ sɪ̌ pl̩ 38. ˈp h ɑˑsn̩
13. ˈlɪ̌ sn̩ 26. ˈsuˑtәbl̩ 39. ˈsæ̃ ndl̩

Activity 6.1
1. /ˈeɪdʒәnt/ 9. /әˈpi:l/ 17. /ˈbælәns/ 25. /bәˈlu:n/
2. /ˈbælәd/ 10. /kәˈnu:/ 18. /ˈbɒtәm/ 26. /brәˈzɪl/
3. /ˈbɒtl/ 11. /kәˈnæl/ 19. /ˈkæbɪdʒ/ 27. /gәˈzel/
4. /ˈkærәt/ 12. /dʒәˈrɑ:f/ 20. /ˈtʃɪkɪn/ 28. /jәˈpæn/
5. /ˈkʊki/ 13. /ˈtʃɪli/ 21. /ˈkʌntri/ 29. /mәˈʃi:n/
6. /ˈempaɪә/ 14. /pәˈreɪd/ 22. /ˈdɪmpl/ 30. /taɪˈfu:n/
7. /ˈfɑ:ðә/ 15. /ˈlæptɒp/ 23. /ˈhʌzbәnd/ 31. /ʃæmˈpu:/
8. /ˈspɪnɪtʃ/ 16. /ˈtu:nә/ 24. /ˈzɪpә/ 32. /dʒuˈlaɪ/

Activity 6.2
1. /ˈedɪt/ 13. /dɪˈleɪ/ 25. /kәˈraʊz/ 37. /ɪɡˈzempt/
2. /ju:ˈzɜ:p/ 14. /kәˈlæps/ 26. /ˈkænsl/ 38. /kәmˈbaɪn/

159
 3. /dɪˈvәʊt/ 15. /ˈblɒsәm/ 27. /әˈdæpt/ 39. /әˈɡri:/
4. /ɪnˈvɒlv/ 16. /kәnˈfaɪn/ 28. /dɪˈsaɪd/ 40. /ˈfɜ:nɪʃ/
5. /ˈbælәns/ 17. /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ 29. /әdˈmɪt/ 41. /ˈfɪɡә/
6. /әˈnaʊns/ 18. /ˈvɪsɪt/ 30. /ˈdɪstәns/ 42. /dɪˈnaɪ/
7. /ˈhɑ:vɪst/ 19. /kәnˈvɪns/ 31. /ɪnˈtend/ 43. /ˈprɒmɪs/
8. /sɜ:fɪs/ 20. /ˈtɔ:mәnt/ 32. /prɪˈdɪkt/ 44. /ˈbɒðә/
9. /әˈtʃi:v/ 21. /sәˈmaɪs/ 33. /ɪgˈzɔ:st/ 45. /daɪˈdʒest/
10. /sәbˈmɪt/ 22. /ɪmˈplaɪ/ 34. /ɪˈzeɪz/ 46. /sәˈpɔ:t/
11. /ɪˈlekt/ 23. /rɪˈplaɪ/ 35. /ɪˈmɜ:dʒ/ 47. /ˈdɪfә/
12. /rɪˈpi:t/ 24. /әˈprәʊtʃ/ 36. /әbˈsɜ:v/ 48. /prәˈnaʊns/

Activity 6.3
1. /ˈæbsәnt/ 11. /ˈkɒmәn/ 21. /ˈprɒpә/ 31. /ˈsɒlɪd/
2. /ˈɜ:li/ 12. /ˈpɜ:fɪkt/ 22. /ˈsʌdn/ 32. /ˈæmpl/
3. /ˈredi/ 13. /ˈbɪzi/ 23. /әbˈsɜ:d/ 33. /sɪnˈsɪә/
4. /su:ˈpri:m/ 14. /ˈsɒlɪd/ 24. /sɪˈkjʊә/ 34. /ˈhændsәm/
5. /ˈfræntɪk/ 15. /ɪˈmens/ 25. /bәˈnɑ:l/ 35. /dɪˈvaɪn/
6. /әˈkʌlt/ 16. /rɪˈmәʊt/ 26. /әˈlaɪv/ 36. /ˈɒnɪst/
7. /kәˈrʌpt/ 17. /sәˈri:n/ 27. /ɪnˈtens/ 37. /ˈrәʊbʌst/
8. /kәmˈpli:t/ 18. /ˈәʊkeɪ/ 28. /әbˈskjʊә/ 38. /ˈvʌlgә/
9. /mʌnˈdeɪn/ 19. /sɪnˈsɪә/ 29. /әbˈsi:n/
10. /ˈkeɪnaɪn/ 20. /ˈærɪd/ 30. /ˈflu:әnt/

Activity 6.4
1. /ˈveri/ 10. /bɪˈfɔ:/ 19. /ˈevә/ 28. /ˈprɪti/
2. /ˈi:vn/ 11. /ˈlɪtl/ 20. /tәˈdeɪ/ 29. /әˈbrәʊd/
3. /ˈɔ:lsәʊ/ 12. /ˈfɜ:ðә/ 21. /ɪˈnʌf/ 30. /әˈsaɪd/
4. /әˈgeɪn/ 13. /әˈlɔ:ŋ/ 22. /ˈaɪðә/ 31. /bɪˈhaɪnd/
5. /ɔ:lweɪz/ 14. /ˈәʊkeɪ/ 23. /әˈraʊnd/ 32. /әˈkrɔ:s/
6. /ˈrɑ:ðә/ 15. /ˈmeɪbi/ 24. /ɪnˈdi:d/ 33. /ˈseʊlәʊ/

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 7. /ɔ:lmәʊst/ 16. /ˈseldәm/ 25. /ɪnˈsted/ 34. /bɪˈjɒnd/
8. /ˈɒfn/ 17. /әˈpɑ:t/ 26. /әˈhed/
9. /ˈbetә/ 18. /pәˈhæps/ 27. /әˈlәʊn/

Activity 6.5
1. Oo 13. Oo 25. oO 37. oO 49. Oo 61. Oo
2. oOo 14. oO 26. Oo 38. Oo 50. oOo 62. oO
3. oO 15. Oo 27. Oo 39. oO 51. oOo 63. oO
4. Oo 16. oO 28. oO 40. Oo 52. Oo 64. Oo
5. oO 17. Oo 29. Oo 41. Oo 53. oOo 65. oO
6. Oo 18. oO 30. oO 42. oO 54. Oo 66. Oo
7. oO 19. Oo 31. Oo 43. oO 55. Oo
8. Oo 20. oO 32. oO 44. Oo 56. oO
9. Oo 21. oO 33. Oo 45. Oo 57. Oo
10. oO 22. Oo 34. oO 46. oO 58. oO
11. oO 23. Oo 35. oO 47. Oo 59. Oo
12. Oo 24. oO 36. Oo 48. oO 60. oO

Activity 6.6
SW WS SWW WSW WWS
purchase abashed capital determine entertain
boring tattoo appetite resurrect
cargo allow dominate disaster
seldom Dolores potato
hurry Panama appliance
Mandarin

Activity 6.7
1. /ˈkæmәrә/ 14. /sәˈri:brәm/ 27. /pәˈpaɪә/ 40. /kәˈnʌndrәm/
2. /әˈmælɡәm/ 15. /bәˈnænzә/ 28. /ˈlæbәrɪnθ/ 41. /ˈsɪlәbl/

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 3. /vәˈrændә/ 16. /ˈældʒɪbrә/ 29. /әˈlʌmnaɪ/ 42. /nәˈbræskә/
4. /ˈæbdәmәn/ 17. /kәmˈpju:tә/ 30. /әˈrәʊmә/ 43. /ˈkɒmәdi/
5. /hәˈraɪzn/ 18. /ˈæksɪdәnt/ 31. /ˈbʌfәlәʊ/ 44. /әˈdʒendә/
6. /ˈvaɪtәmɪn/ 19. /ˌklærәˈnet/ 32. /hәˈraɪzn/ 45. /ˈænɪml/
7. /ɪˈnɪɡmә/ 20. /ˈɡæsәli:n/ 33. /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ 46. /ˌsɪɡәˈret
8. /ˌtʃɪmpænˈzi:/ 21. /ˈeɪliәn/ 34. /ˌserәˈneɪd/ 47. /ˈɑ:djuәs/
9. /ˈwɒrәnti/ 22. /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/ 35. /ˌmeɪәˈneɪz/ 48. /ˈelɪfәnt/
10. /ˈmeɪniә/ 23. /әˈdʒendә/ 36. /ˈpɪәriәd/ 49. /ˈæfrɪkә/
11. /tɔ:ˈneɪdәʊ/ 24. /mәˈri:nә/ 37. /ˈkɒntɪnәnt/ 50. /ˌkæŋɡәˈru:/
12. /әˈmerɪkә/ 25. /fækˈtәʊtәm/ 38. /dɪˈplәʊmә/ 51. /ˌmæɡәˈzi:n/
13. /әˈpendiks/ 26. /tәˈmɑ:tәʊ/ 39. /ˈældʒɪbrә/ 52. /ˈɡælәksi/

Activity 6.8
1. /ˈselɪbreɪt/ 23. /ˌreprɪˈzent/ 45. /ˌɪntәˈfɪә/ 67. /ˈdɪsәplɪn/
2. /ˈedɪfaɪ/ 24. /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ 46. /ˌentәˈteɪn/ 68. /ˈsepәreɪt/
3. /kәnˈsɪdә/ 25. /ˈæbdɪkeɪt/ 47. /bɪˈwɪldә/ 69. /ɪmˈbærәs/
4. /dɪˈlɪvә/ 26. /ɪˈmædʒɪn/ 48. /ˈædvәtaɪz/ 70. /dɪˈskʌvә/
5. /rɪˈmembә/ 27. /әˈbɒlɪʃ/ 49. /ˈkɒmplɪmәnt/ 71. /ˈdju:plɪkeɪt/
6. /ˈredʒɪstә/ 28. /әˈbændәn/ 50. /ˈedʒukeɪt/ 72. /ˈdesәleɪt/
7. /ˈeksәsaɪz/ 29. /ɪnˈkaʊntә/ 51. /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/ 73. /ˌvɒlәnˈtɪә/
8. /әˈkʌmplɪʃ/ 30. /ˈhaɪbәneɪt/ 52. /ˈrekәɡnaɪz/ 74. /ˈestɪmeɪt/
9. /ˈdekәreɪt/ 31. /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ 53. /ˈænәteɪt/ 75. /ˈdelɪgeɪt/
10. /ˈmɒnɪtә/ 32. /ˈænɪmeɪt/ 54. /ˈeskәleɪt/ 76. /ˈkɒmprәmaɪz/
11. /dɪˈsaɪfә/ 33. /ˈnævɪɡeɪt/ 55. /ˈmәʊtɪveɪt/ 77. /ˌkɒmprɪˈhend/
12. /ˈɪntәvju:/ 34. /enˈdevә/ 56. /ˈɡlɔ:rɪfaɪ/ 78. /ɪnˈhæbɪt/
13. /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ 35. /әˈkʌstәm/ 57. /ˈkwɒrәnti:n/ 79. /ˌɡærәnˈti:/
14. /ˈrektɪfaɪ/ 36. /ˈspekjuleɪt/ 58. /ˈaɪsәleɪt/ 80. /ˈvælɪdeɪt/
15. /әˈstɒnɪʃ/ 37. /ɪmˈbrɔɪdә/ 59. /rɪˈkʌvә/ 81. /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/
16. /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ 38. /ˈrɪdɪkju:l/ 60. /ˈmænɪfest/ 82. /ˌæprɪˈhend/
17. /ˈju:nɪfaɪ/ 39. /ˈpærәfreɪz/ 61. /ˈhændikæp/ 83. /ˈɒkjupaɪ/

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 18. /әˈsembl/ 40. /ˈhezɪteɪt/ 62. /kәnˈtrɪbju:t/ 84. /ˌkɒntrәˈdɪkt/
19. /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ 41. /ˈtelɪvaɪz/ 63. /prәˈhɪbɪt/ 85. /ˈkɒmpenseɪt/
20. /ˈɪlәstreɪt/ 42. /ˌɪntәˈrʌpt/ 64. /ɪnˈtɜ:prɪt/ 86. /dɪˈtɜ:mɪn/
21. /iˈlɪsɪt/ 43. /dɪˈvelәp/ 65. /ˈædvәkeɪt/
22. /ˈsʌfәkeɪt/ 44. /sәˈlɪsɪt/ 66. /ˌri:ˈsaɪkl/

Activity 6.9
1. /ˈdʒenәrәs/ 7. /әˈku:tɪk/ 13. /ˈædɪkwәt/ 19. /ˈæktʃuәl/
2. /ˈsi:nɪә/ 8. /ˈfɔ:tʃәnәt/ 14. /dәˈmestɪk/ 20. /ˈmju:tʃuәl/
3. /ˈɒbviәs/ 9. /ˈænjuәl/ 15. /ˈfedәrәl/ 21. /ˈpʌŋktʃuәl/
4. /ɔ:ˈɡænɪk/ 10. /ˈtændʒәbl/ 16. /әˈbʌndәnt/ 22. /ɪnˈdʌldʒәnt/
5. /ˈelɪɡәnt/ 11. /ˈsɪmәlә/ 17. /dɪˈfaɪәnt/ 23. /ˈpɜ:mәnәnt/
6. /ˈvaɪәlәnt 12. /ˈʌltɪmәt/ 18. /ˈpærәlel/

Activity 6.10
1. iˈllogical 4. incoˈrrect 7. misˈplace 10. post-ˈgraduate
2. imˈpossible 5. irreˈsponsible 8. malˈfunction 11. reˈopen
3. reˈdecorate 6. unˈpleasant 9. unˈcertain 12. misˈeat

Activity 6.11
0. ˈhyperˌtext 4. ˈinterˌplay 8. ˈcounterˌpart
1. ˈhyperˌspace 5. ˈinterˌchange 9. ˈcounterˌclaim
2. ˌhyperˈactive 6. ˌinterˈactive 10. ˌcounter-inˈtelligence
3. ˌhyperˈsensitive 7. ˌinterˈchangeable 11. ˌcounter-proˈductive
12. ˈsubˌsection 16. ˈsuperˌmodel
13. ˈsubˌtext 17. ˈsuperˌman
14. ˌsubˈconscious 18. ˌsuperˈnatural
15. ˌsubˈtropical 19. ˌsuperˈsensible

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Activity 6.12
0. ascerˈtain 2. auctioˈneer 4. caravaˈnette 6. mysˈtique
1. awarˈdee 3. Vietnaˈmese 5. carnivaˈlesque

Activity 6.13
0. aˈchievable 4. ˈblockage 8. aspirˈational 12. ˈheighten
1. ˈharmful 5. ˈgliding 9. ˈbrownish 13. ˈchildlike
2. ˈbottomless 6. aˈdoringly 10. fulˈfilment 14. ˈbaldness
3. moˈnotonous 7. ˈpurify 11. ˈclockwise 15. ˈcheesy

Activity 6.14
0. couˈrageous 2. sceˈnography 4. docˈtorial 6. ˌbureauˈcratic
1. ˌreincarˈnation 3. auˈspicious 5. arguˈmentative 7. ˌnegaˈtivity

Activity 6.15
1. ˈestimate ➔ estimation 38. ˈacid ➔ aˈcidic
2. conˈsult ➔ conˈsultant 39. ˈparent ➔ paˈrental
3. reˈfer ➔ reˈferral 40. deˈpartment ➔ ˌdepartˈmental
4. ˈrefuge ➔ ˌrefuˈgee 41. ˈmortal ➔ morˈtality
5. ˈcapable ➔ ˌcapaˈbility 42. ˈhumid ➔ huˈmidity
6. joy ➔ ˈjoyous 43. ˈperson ➔ perˈsonify
7. aˈddress ➔ ˌaddreˈssee 44. ˈproduct ➔ proˈduction
8. ˈtelephone ➔ teleˈphony 45. aˈrrive ➔ aˈrrival
9. ˈpicture ➔ ˌpictuˈresque 46. aˈscend ➔ aˈscendant
10. asˈtronomy ➔ ˌastroˈnomical 47. ˈcelibate ➔ ˈcelibacy
11. harm ➔ ˈharmless 48. free ➔ ˈfreedom
12. aˈpprove ➔ aˈpproval 49. play ➔ ˈplayer
13. aˈccount ➔ aˈccountancy 50. lion ➔ ˈlioness
14. ˈglory ➔ ˈglorify 51. grace ➔ ˈgraceful
15. ˈpoison ➔ ˈpoisonous 52. nation ➔ ˈnationhood

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 16. adˈmire ➔ ˌadmiˈration 53. green ➔ ˈgreenish
17. ˈmeaning ➔ ˈmeaningful 54. ˈalcohol ➔ ˈalcoholism
18. ˈvictory ➔ vicˈtorious 55. ˈhuman ➔ ˈhumanist
19. ˈjournal ➔ ˌjournaˈlese 56. subˈmit ➔ subˈmissive
20. ˈlemon ➔ ˌlemoˈnade 57. ˈspecial ➔ ˈspecialize
21. ˈmillion ➔ ˌmillioˈnaire 58. ˈbottom ➔ ˈbottomless
22. ˈrealize ➔ ˌrealiˈzation 59. friend ➔ ˈfriendly
23. ˈabsent ➔ ˌabsenˈtee 60. aˈmend ➔ aˈmendment
24. ˈmountain ➔ ˌmountaiˈneer 61. frank ➔ ˈfrankness
25. Jaˈpan ➔ ˌJapanˈese 62. friend ➔ ˈfriendship
26. ˈpicture ➔ ˌpictuˈresque 63. ˈburden ➔ ˈburdensome
27. ˈkitchen ➔ ˌkitcheˈnette 64. clock ➔ ˈclockwise
28. ˈlarynx ➔ ˌlarynˈgitis 65. grow ➔ growth
29. ˈhonor ➔ ˌhonoˈrific 66. ˈcertain ➔ ˈcertainty
30. ˈperson ➔ perˈsonify 67. silk ➔ ˈsilky
31. ˈlabor ➔ laˈborious 68. ˈmoment ➔ ˈmomentary
32. ˈhumid ➔ huˈmidity 69. ˈAristotle ➔ Arisˈtotelian
33. speed ➔ speeˈdometer 70. ˈsubstance ➔ subˈstantial
34. ˈcontext ➔ conˈtextual 71. ˈlibrary ➔ liˈbrarian
35. ˈmoment ➔ moˈmentous 72. geˈometry ➔ geoˈmetrical
36. ˈhomonym ➔ hoˈmonymy 73. ˈinsect ➔ inˈsecticide
37. ˈatom ➔ aˈtomic 74. ˈperiod ➔ ˌperiˈodic

Activity 6.16
1. ˈladybird 17. ˈteapot 33. ˈshopkeeper
2. ˈhandwriting 18. ˈdistance learning 34. ˈwaiting room
3. deˈfining moment 19. ˈsearch party 35. conˈtrol tower
4. ˈabsolute zero 20. ˈhot seat 36. ˈred herring
5. ˈtuning fork 21. ˈhoneymoon 37. submaˈrine chaser
6. ˈblood pressure 22. ˈglobal warming 38. ˈBrussel sprouts

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 7. ˈmonkey wrench 23. ˈpocket watch 39. ˈrubber stamp
8. ˈflash card 24. ˈdreamcatcher 40. ˈguinea hen
9. ˈgift catalog 25. ˈquestion mark 41. ˈschool ground
10. ˈclothes hanger 26. ˈWhite House 42. ˈVirgin Islands
11. reˈclining chair 27. ˈvacuum cleaner 43. ˈfortune telling
12. ˈkettledrum 28. ˈrhythm band 44. ˈflutter kick
13. ˈgoalkeeper 29. ˈprescription drug 45. ˈglass blowing
14. ˈheadhunting 30. ˈrip cord 46. ˈMiddle East
15. ˈdressing gown 31. beˈginner’s luck 47. ˈgun runner
16. ˈthink tank 32. ˈlanguage arts 48. ˈcrackerbarrel

Activity 6.17
17. ˌupˈdate 34. ˌback‐ˈpedal
1. ˌill‐ˈtreat 18. ˈbabysit 35. ˈwaterproof
2. ˈstir-fry 19. ˈcolor-code 36. ˌdouble-ˈclick
3. ˌtake ˈoff 20. ˌback ˈup 37. ˈproofread
4. ˈsoundproof 21. ˈair-conˌdition 38. ˌsecond-ˈguess
5. ˈtest-drive 22. ˌshortˈchange 39. ˌbreak ˈup
6. ˌtake ˈaway 23. ˌtake ˈout 40. ˈflyby
7. ˌdry-ˈclean 24. ˈwindow-shop 41. ˈghostwrite
8. ˌhandˈpick 25. ˈtroubleshoot 42. ˈwhitewash
9. ˈbrainwash 26. ˌdouble-ˈspace 43. ˌdouble-ˈcheck
10. ˈgift-wrap 27. ˈhighlight 44. ˌhome-ˈgrow
11. ˈheadhunt 28. ˈbird-ˌwatch 45. ˈhandcuff
12. ˈbad-mouth 29. ˌdownˈload 46. ˌdownˈplay
13. ˈdownsize 30. ˌdownˈgrade 47. ˈupshift
14. ˈupbeat 31. ˌupˌgrade 48. upˈhold
15. ˌ fine-ˈtune 32. ˌunderˈmine 49. ˌmake ˈup
16. ˈcounterˌattack 33. ˈsidestep 50. ˌcount ˈdown

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Activity 6.18
1. ˈclockwise 23. ˌantiˈclockwise 46. ˈlengthwise
2. ˈlikewise 24. ˈanywhere 47. ˈsometimes
3. ˌupˈstairs 25. ˈmeanwhile 48. ˈeverywhere
4. ˈsomehow 26. ˌoverˈnight 49. ˌdownˈhill
5. ˌoutˈside 27. aˌlongˈside 50. ˈupturn
6. ˌhereˈby 28. ˌhereˈin 51. ˈwhereabouts
7. ˌthereaˈbouts 29. ˌthereˈby 52. ˌthereˈin
8. ˌthereuˈpon 30. ˌwhereuˈpon 53. ˌhenceˈforth
9. ˌhenceˈforward 31. ˈtherefore 54. ˈinwards
10. ˈanyway 32. ˌ furtherˈmore 55. ˌaltoˈgether
11. whenˈever 33. ˈnorthwards 56. ˈnowhere
12. ˌnearˈby 34. ˈforwards 57. ˌoverˈseas
13. ˈworldwide 35. throughˈout 58. beˈforehand
14. ˌhalf ˈway 36. ˈindoor 59. ˌnonˈstop
15. ˌnationˈwide 37. ˌmidˈway 60. ˌoff ˈshore
16. ˌanyˈmore 38. ˈonwards 61. ˌonˈline
17. ˌoff ˈline 39. ˌbackˈstage 62. ˈsomeday
18. ˌupˈmarket 40. ˌdownˈmarket 63. ˌoff ˈstage
19. ˌunderˈground 41. ˌoverˈhead 64. ˌdownˈtown
20. ˌupˈriver 42. ˈwholesale 65. ˌonˈboard

Activity 6.19
1. ˌbattle‐ˈhardened 16. ˌalcohol-ˈbased 32. ˌpear‐ˈshaped
2. ˌone‐ˈarmed 17. ˌfirst‐ˈclass 33. ˈwaterproof
3. ˌlong-ˈlasting 18. ˌeasy-ˈgoing 34. ˌtight-ˈfitting
4. ˈmouth-watering 19. ˌgluten-ˈfree 35. ˈtime-saving
5. ˌworld-ˈfamous 20. ˌ family-ˈfriendly 36. ˌbrightly-ˈlit
6. ˈsmoke-free 21. ˌmiddle-ˈaged 37. ˌwell-ˈknown
7. ˌice-ˈcold 22. ˈwater-cooled 38. ˌdensely-ˈpopulated

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 8. ˌself-ˈconscious 23. ˌill-ˈsuited 39. ˌ flat-ˈfooted
9. ˌ fast-ˈmoving 24. ˌwell-ˈmannered 40. ˈtongue-tied
10. ˌbrand ˈnew 25. ˌred-ˈhot 41. ˌlong-ˈlasting
11. ˈthought-ˌprovoking 26. ˌabsent-ˈminded 42. ˌnarrow-ˈminded
12. ˌage‐ˈrelated 27. ˌhighly-reˈspected 43. ˌ far-ˈreaching
13. ˌsecond-ˈhand 28. ˌold-ˈfashioned 44. ˌshort-ˈsighted
14. ˌself-ˈconfident 29. ˌlong-forˈgotten 45. ˌnever-ˈending
15. ˌquick-ˈthinking 30. ˌshort-ˈlived 46. ˈtime‐consuming

Activity 6.20
Simple words Complex (derivative) words Compound words
approach /әˈprәʊtʃ/ Portuguese /ˌpɔ:tʃuˈɡi:z/ first‐class /ˌfɜ:stˈklɑ:s/
unique /juˈni:k/ navigation /ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃn/ catdog /ˈkætdɒɡ/
police /pәˈli:s/ irregular /ɪˈreɡjәlә/ Spiderman /ˈspaɪdәmæn/
arrow /ˈærәʊ/ uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜ:tnti/ Typewriter /ˈtaɪpwraɪtә/
provide /prәˈvaɪd/ renew /rɪˈnu:/ greenhouse /ˈɡri:nhaʊs/
tomato /tәˈmɑ:tәʊ/ Polish /ˈpәʊlɪʃ/ dragonfly /ˈdræɡәnflaɪ/
mother /ˈmʌðә/ iconography /ˌaɪkәˈnɒɡrәfi/
talisman /ˈtælɪzmәn/ oppression /әˈpreʃn/
aloud /әˈlaʊd/ archaeology /ˌɑ:kiˈɒlәdʒi/
Russian /ˈrʌʃn/
deacon /ˈdi:kәn/
motive /ˈmәʊtɪv/
alarm /әˈlɑ:m/
novella /nәˈvelә/
beta /ˈbi:tә/
apartment /әˈpɑ:tmәnt/

Activity 6.21
5. ˌright-of-ˈway 5. ˌup-and-ˈcoming
1. ˈmother-in-law 6. ˈjack-in-the-box 6. ˌmother-of-ˈpearl

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 2. ˌman-of-ˈwar 7. ˌnine to ˈfive 7. ˈmerry-go-round
3. ˌover-the-ˈcounter 8. ˌup to ˈdate 8. ˌstate of the ˈart
4. ˌrent-a-ˈcar 9. ˌsalt-and-ˈpepper 9. ˌhead-to-ˈhead

Activity 6.22
15. ˌEnglish-speaking ˈcountries
1. a ˌ five-minute ˈbreak 16. a ˌlast-minute deˈcision
2. a ˌthree-hour ˈdrive 17. a ˌten-story ˈbuilding
3. a ˌone-way ˈstreet 18. a ˌtwenty-page ˈbook
4. a ˌmid‐day ˈsun 19. a ˌright‐hand ˈside
5. a ˌsoft‐hearted ˈcouple 20. an ˌoverseas ˈposting
6. a ˌgood‐tempered ˈchild 21. a ˌfull-length ˈversion
7. a ˌpart-time ˈjob 22. a ˌdeep-sea ˈdiving
8. a ˌshort-term ˈplan 23. ˌlong-distance ˈtraining
9. ˌhigh-quality ˈgoods 24. a ˌrecord-breaking ˈjump
10. a ˌ fee-paying ˈschool 25. an ˌone-armed ˈbandit
11. ˌdownstream ˈareas 26. a ˌ fund-raising eˈvent
12. a ˌdrug-induced ˈcoma 27. a ˌready-made ˈsuit
13. ˌdeeply-rooted traˈditions 28. a ˌ free-standing ˈtower
14. ˌsun-dried toˈmatoes 29. a ˌshort-hair ˈcat

Activity 6.23
Function words
Weak forms Strong forms
I /aɪ/, for /fә/, him /ɪm/, for /fә/, an /әn/
are /ә/, you /ju/, at /æt/
I /aɪ/, am /әm/, at /әt/ the /ðә/, in /ɪn/, a /ә/
you /ju/, are /ә/, than /ðәn/, your /jә/
he /hi/, can /kәn/, and /әn/, I /aɪ/, too /tu:/
do /dә/, you /ju/ from /frɒm/

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I /aɪ/, from /frәm/
you /ju/, should /ʃәd/, have /әv/, me /mi/, for /fә/
I /aɪ/, must /mәst/, the /ðә/, on /ɒn/
they /ðәɪ/, some /sәm/, and /әn/
can /kәn/, I /aɪ/, some /sәm/, more /mә/
have /әv/, you /ju/ been /bɪn/
I /aɪ/, at /әt/ don’t /dәʊnt/,
you /ju/, that /ðәt/, were /wә/, to /tә/, the /ðә/, on /ɒn/ not /nɒt/

Activity 6.24
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must
be
/ɪt/ /ɪz/ /ә/ /ðәt/ /ә/ /ɪn/ /әv/ /ә/ /mәst/ /bi/
in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first
/ɪn/ /әv/ /ә/ /ðә/ /ә/ /әv/ /meɪ/ /bi/ /ɒn/ /ɪz/
entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that
/ә/ /ɪz/ /ɪn/ /ðә/ /әv/ /ðә/ /ðәt/
he is considered as the rightful property of someone or other of their daughters.
/ɪz//ɪz/ /әz/ /ðә/ /ә/ /ә/ /әv/ /ðә/
“My dear Mr. Bennet,” said his lady to him one day, “Have you heard that Netherfield Park is
/maɪ/ /ɪz/ /tә/ /ɪm/ /hәv/ /ju/ /ðәt/ /ɪz/
let at last?”
/әt/
Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.
/ðәt/ /i/ /hәd/
"Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of
/maɪ/ /ju/ /mәst/ /ðәt/ /ɪz/ /baɪ/ /ә/
large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to
/frәm/ /ðә/ /әv/ /ðәt/ /ɒn/ /ɪn/ /ә/ /әn/ /tә/
see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately;
/ðә/ /әn/ /wәz/ /wɪð/ /ɪt/ /ðәt/ /i/ /wɪð/

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that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house
/ðәt/ /i/ /ɪz/ /tә/ /әn/ /sәm/ /әv/ /ɪz/ /ә/ /tә/ /bi/ /ɪn/
by the end of next week."
/ðә/ /әv/
"What is his name?"
/ɪz/ /ɪz/
"Bingley."

"Is he married or single?"

/ɪz/ /ә/
"Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year.
/maɪ/ /tә/ /bi/ /ә/ /әv/ /ә/ /ә/
What a fine thing for our girls!"
/ә/ /fә/ /ә/

Activity 7.1

1. A ǀbird in the ǀhand is ǀworth ǀtwo in the ǀbush.

2. ǀOver a ǀquarter of a ǀcentury has eǀlapsed since his ǀdeath.

3. Comǀputers conǀsume a conǀsiderable aǀmount of ǀmoney and ǀtime.

4. ǀMost of them have aǀrrived on the ǀbus.

5. ǀNewspaper ǀeditors are inǀvariably underǀworked.
6. A parǀticular ǀproblem of the ǀboat was a ǀleak.

7. ǀOpening the ǀbottle preǀsented ǀno ǀdifficulty.

8. There is ǀno alǀternative to the ǀgovernment’s proǀposal.

9. We ought to ǀmake a coǀllection to ǀcover the exǀpenses.

10. ǀFinally they aǀrrived at a ǀharbor at the ǀedge of the ǀmountains.

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11. ǀJames deǀcided to ǀtype the ǀletter himǀself.

12. The ǀplane was aǀpproaching the ǀrunway at ǀhigh ǀspeed.

13. ǀTry to ǀsee the ǀother ǀperson’s ǀpoint of ǀview.

14. You ǀput your ǀbrakes ǀon when the ǀlight ǀturns to ǀred.

15. In a ǀshort ǀtime the ǀhouse was ǀfull of ǀchildren.

16. ǀEach ǀperson in the ǀgroup was ǀtrained in surǀvival.

17. About ǀthree ǀhundred ǀsoldiers were ǀlined ǀup.

18. ǀBuying a ǀnew comǀputer is a ǀmajor exǀpense.

19. ǀAll the ǀpeople who ǀcame to the ǀwedding were from ǀEngland.

20. ǀTry to be as ǀtactful as you can when you ǀtalk to him.

21. ǀMary has ǀlived in ǀEngland for ǀten ǀyears.

22. He’s going to ǀfly to ǀChicago ǀnext ǀweek.

23. I ǀdon’t underǀstand ǀthis ǀchapter of the ǀbook.

24. The ǀchildren will be ǀswimming in the ǀocean at ǀfive o’ǀclock.

25. ǀJohn had ǀeaten ǀlunch ǀbefore his ǀcolleague aǀrrived.

26. The ǀbest ǀtime to ǀstudy is ǀearly in the ǀmorning or ǀlate in the ǀevening.

27. The ǀtrees aǀlong the ǀriver are beǀginning to ǀblossom.

28. Our ǀfriends ǀcalled us ǀyesterday and ǀasked if we’d ǀlike to ǀvisit them ǀnext ǀmonth.

29. You’ll be ǀhappy to ǀknow that she’d deǀcided to ǀtake the poǀsition.

30. I ǀwon’t ǀgive aǀway your ǀsecret.

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Activity 7.2
1. /laɪt ˈmju:zɪk/ /laɪp ˈmju:zɪk/ 6. /laɪt blu:/ /laɪp blu:/
2. /braɪt mu:n/ /braɪp mu:n/ 7. /waɪt ˈpeɪpә/ /waɪp ˈpeɪpә/
3. /ðæt mæn/ /ðæp mæn/ 8. /ˈfʊtpɑ:θ/ /ˈfʊpɑ:θ/
4. /fæt bɔɪ/ /fæp bɔɪ/ 9. /ðæt ˈpɜ:sn/ /ðæp ˈpɜ:sn/
5. /waɪt bred/ /waɪp bred/

10. /ˈwaɪt kɒfi/ /ˈwaɪk kɒfi/ 15. /kʌt ɡlɑ:s/ /kʌk ɡlɑ:s/
11. /ˈʃɔ:t kʌt/ /ˈʃɔ:k kʌt/ 16. /ðæt ɡɜ:l/ /ðæk ɡɜ:l/
12. /ˈkredɪt kɑ:d/ /ˈkredɪk kɑ:d/ 17. /fæt ɡәʊt/ /fæk ɡәʊt/
13. /ˈstri:t kredɪbɪlɪti/ /ˈstri:k kredɪbɪlɪti/ 18. /braɪt ɡri:n/ /braɪk ɡri:n/
14. /waɪt ɡlәʊvz/ /waɪk ɡlәʊvz/

19. /ɡʊd ˈmɔ:nɪŋ/ /ɡʊb ˈmɔ:nɪŋ/ 24. /ɡʊd bɔɪ/ /ɡʊb bɔɪ/
20. /ˈɡrænd mɑ:stә/ /ˈɡrænb mɑ:stә/ 25. /hɑ:d pɑ:θ/ /hɑ:b pɑ:θ/
21. /red mɑ:sk/ /reb mɑ:sk/ 26. /bæd peɪn/ /bæb peɪn/
22. /ˈblʌd bæŋk/ /ˈblʌb bæŋk/ 27. /ˈred pepә/ /ˈreb pepә/
23. /red brɪk/ /reb brɪk/

28. /bæd kәʊld/ /bæɡ kәʊld/ 33. /red ɡeɪt/ /reɡ ɡeɪt/
29. /ˈsekәnd klɑ:s/ /ˈsekәnɡ klɑ:s/ 34. /ˈkɪd ɡlәʊvz/ /ˈkɪɡ ɡlәʊvz/
30. /ˈred krɒs/ /ˈreɡ krɒs/ 35. /ɡʊd ɡɜ:l/ /ɡʊɡ ɡɜ:l/
31. /ˈsænd ˈkæsl/ /ˈsænɡ ˈkæsl/ 36. /ˈklәʊzd ɡeɪm/ /ˈklәʊzɡ ɡeɪm/
32. /ˈhɑ:d kɒpi/ /ˈhɑ:ɡ kɒpi/ 37. /ˈfi:ld ɡlɑ:sɪz/ /ˈfi:lɡ ɡlɑ:sɪz/

38. /ɪn mɑ:tʃ/ /ɪm mɑ:tʃ/ 43. /ˈɡri:n bi:n/ /ˈɡri:m bi:n/
39. /ten men/ /tem men/ 44. /ˈdaʊn peɪmәnt/ /ˈdaʊm peɪmәnt/
40. /ˈәʊpәn mɑ:kɪt/ /ˈәʊpәm mɑ:kɪt/ 45. /ˈpen pæl/ /ˈpem pæl/
41. /ɡәʊn bæk/ /ɡәʊm bæk/ 46. /ˈtɪn pleɪt/ /ˈtɪm pleɪt/
42. /ˈtʃɪkɪn brest/ /ˈtʃɪkɪm brest/

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47. /ˈpeɪnkɪlә/ /ˈpeɪŋkɪlә/ 52. /ɡri:n ˈɡrɑ:s/ /ɡri: ŋ ˈɡrɑ:s/
48. /wʌn kʌp/ /wʌŋ kʌp/ 53. /ˈmeɪn ɡeɪt/ /ˈmeɪŋ ɡeɪt/
49. /ˈɡri:n kɑ:d/ /ˈɡri:ŋ kɑ:d/ 54. /ˈkɒmәn ɡraʊnd/ /ˈkɒmәŋ ɡraʊnd/
50. /ˈәʊpәn kɔ:t/ /ˈәʊpәŋ kɔ:t/ 55. /ˈækʃn ɡru:p/ /ˈækʃŋ ɡru:p/
51. /ˈrәʊmәn kælɪndә/ /ˈrәʊmәŋ kælɪndә/ 56. /ˈaɪәn kɜ:tn/ /ˈaɪәŋ kɜ:tn/

57. /naɪs ʃu:z/ /naɪʃ ʃu:z/ 62. /ðɪs ˈʃaɪni wʌn/ /ðɪʃ ˈʃaɪni wʌn/
58. /ˈspeɪsʃɪp/ /ˈspeɪʃɪp/ 63. /ðɪs jɪә/ /ðɪʃ jɪә/
59. /ˈbʌs ʃeltә/ /ˈbʌʃ ʃeltә/ 64. /naɪs jɒt/ /naɪs jɒt/
60. /ˈdres ʃɒp/ /ˈdreʃ ʃɒp/ 65. /ðɪs ˈjɒɡәt/ /ðɪs ˈjɒɡәt/
61. /naɪs ʃɜ:t/ /naɪʃ ʃɜ:t/

66. /ðәʊz ʃɒps/ /ðәʊʒ ʃɒps/ 71. /nju:z ʃi:t/ /nju:ʒ ʃi:t/
67. /ði:z ʃu:z/ /ði:ʒ ʃu:z/ 72. /waiz ˈjʌŋstә/ /waiʒ ˈjʌŋstә/
68. /rәʊz ʃәʊ/ /rәʊʒ ʃәʊ/ 73. /weәz jɔ:z/ /weәʒ jɔ:z/
69. /ði:z ʃi:p/ /ði:ʒ ʃi:p/ 74. /ɪz jʌŋ/ /ɪʒ jʌŋ/
70. /ˈtʃi:z ʃɒp/ /ˈtʃi:ʒ ʃɒp/ 75. /ɪz ˈju:θfl/ /ɪʒ ˈju:θfl/

76. /fifθ ˈsi:zn/ /fifs ˈsi:zn/ 81. /bәʊθ ˈseksɪz/ /bәʊs ˈseksɪz/
77. /bɑ:θ sɔ:lts/ /bɑ:s sɔ:lts/ 82. /fɔ:θ ˈsʌmә/ /fɔ:s ˈsʌmә/
78. /ˈbɜ:θ sәˌtɪfɪkәt/ /ˈbɜ:s sәˌtɪfɪkәt/ 83. /ˈnɔ:θ saʊθ/ /ˈnɔ:s saʊθ/
79. /ˈɜ:θ saɪәns/ /ˈɜ:s saɪәns/ 84. /fɪfθ set/ /fɪfs set/
80. /bәʊθ saɪdz/ /bәʊs saɪdz/ 85. /ˈbɑ:θ si:t/ /ˈbɑ:s si:t/

86. /su:t jɔ:ˈself/ /su:tʃɔ:ˈself/ 91. /wәd ju/ /wәdʒu/

87. /lɑ:st jɪә/ /lɑ:stʃɪә/ 92. /kәd ju/ /kәdʒu/
88. /ˈdɪdnt ju/ /ˈdɪdntʃu/ 93. /dɪd ju/ /dɪdʒu/
89. /wɒt ju ni:d/ /wɒtʃu ni:d/ 94. /ˈedjukeɪt/ /ˈedʒukeɪt/
90. /aɪ bet ju/ /aɪ betʃu/ 95. /ju hæd jɔ:z/ /ju hæd jɔ:z/

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Activity 7.3
1. /ˈhændɡrɪp/ /ˈhæŋrɪp/ 7. /ˈsændstәʊn/ /ˈsænstәʊn/
2. /ˌhændˈmeɪd/ /ˌhænˈmeɪd/ 8. /ˈsændstɔ:m/ /ˈsænstɔ:m/
3. /ˈlændmɑ:k/ /ˈlænmɑ:k/ 9. /ˈbændzmәn/ /ˈbænzmәn/
4. /ˈlændbri:z/ /ˈlænbri:z/ 10. /ˈbændmɑ:stә/ /ˈbænmɑ:stә/
5. /ˈmaɪndfl/ /ˈmaɪnfl/ 11. /ˈbændbɒks/ /ˈbænbɒks/
6. /ˈsændbæɡ/ /ˈsænbæɡ/ 12. /ˈhændʃeɪk/ /ˈhænʃeɪk/

Activity 7.4
12. after rall
1. clutter rof cats 13. mother‐rin‐law
2. for rexample 14. litter rof pigs
3. daughter rand son 15. for rinstance
4. muster rof peacocks 16. brother rand sister
5. more rimportant 17. pair rof horses
6. mother rand father 18. bigger rand better
7. a lecture ron history 19. dead or ralive
8. a picture rof a city 20. sooner ror later
9. a teacher rof English 21. ask for ra favor
10. a tour rof Scotland 22. German or rEnglish
11. the Tower rof London 23. partner rand colleague

Activity 7.5
1. /ˈɡrænmɑ: ˈrɔ:lweɪz/ 5. /kәˈriә rәn dʒәˈpæn/ 9. /ɒsˈtreɪliә rɔ:l aʊt/
2. /ˈlɔ: rәn ˈɔ:dә/ 6. /ә ˈmi:diә rɪvent/ 10. /ˈvɒdkә rәn kәʊk/
3. /ˈɪndiә rәn ˈtʃaɪnә/ 7. /lɔ: rәv ðә lænd/ 11. /aɪ sɔ: rә fɪlm tәˈdeɪ, әʊ bɔɪ/
4. /ˈlɪliә rәn ˈi:dʒɪpt/ 8. /ˈfɔ:mjәlә reɪ/

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Activity 7.6
1. /tu: wә θri:/ 5. /nju: wәˈdres/ 9. /blu: wә ɡreɪ/
2. /ɡәʊ ˌwaʊtˈsaɪd/ 6. /ɡәʊ wʌp/ 10. /nju: wәˈsɪstәnt/
3. /ɡәʊ wәˈlɒŋ/ 7. /ә ˈjelәʊ wәn blu: wʌn/
4. /ju ˈwɒfn/ 8. /du: wɪz ˈhәʊmwɜ:k/

Activity 7.7
1. /θri: jә fɔ:/ 5. /ði ˈjælfәbet/ 9. /maɪ ˈjɑ:nsә/ 13. /pleɪ jә sɒŋ/
2. /ði jend/ 6. /aɪ ˈjәʊnli/ 10. /baɪ ˈji:meɪl/ 14. /aɪ jәm/
3. /ði jeɪt/ 7. /ˈmeɪbi jɪts/ 11. /si: ˈjeniθɪŋ/ 15. /hi ˈjɪznt/
4. /ði jɪˈlevnθ/ 8. /dʒi: jә eɪtʃ/ 12. /ˈkɒfi jә ti:/

Activity 7.8
1. my train /maɪ treɪn/ might rain /maɪt reɪn/
2. he lies /hi laɪz/ heal eyes /hi:l aɪz/
3. keep sticking /ki:p ˈstɪkɪŋ/ keeps ticking /ki:ps ˈtɪkɪŋ/
4. I scream /aɪ skri:m/ ice cream /ˈaɪs kri:m/
5. a name /ә neɪm/ an aim /әn eɪm/
6. all that I’m /ɔ:l ðәt aɪm ˈɑ:ftә all the time after /ɔ:l ðә taɪm ˈɑ:ftә
after today tәˈdeɪ/ today tәˈdeɪ/

Activity 8.1
0. /Actually, it was pretty \good.
1. In my o/pinion, it’s too ex\pensive.
2. How are you \doing?
3. When does it \start?
4. Who /told you?
5. I’m going out\side.
6. I’ll be /back in a minute.
7. If I study /hard, I’ll get an \A.

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 8. I’m going /inside, to get something to \drink.
9. Can you /call me at five?
10. Is it /good?
11. I left /work, came /home, and had \dinner.
12. I need /milk, /apples, /eggs, and \sugar.
13. Do you want the /blue one or the \black one?

Activity 8.2
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. D
8. C 9. F 10. E 11. B 12. A 13. F

Activity 8.3

1. ˈhighlighting im \port ant ˈwords

H TS T

2. my ˈflight a /ˈrrives
PH H TS

3. at /ˈnine o’ˈclock
PH TS T

4. I’ll /ˈcall you

PH TS T

5. from the \ˈair port

PH TS T

6. I ˈonly ˈwant to \/ˈtaste it

PH H TS T

7. the ˈbus was \ˈlate

PH H TS

8. Is ˈthat the /ˈend?

PH H TS

9. We ˈasked if it had \ˈcome.

PH H TS

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10. \/ˈmost of them
TS T

11. /\all of themˈ went

TS T

12. Would you ˈlike some ˈmore /ˈmilk?

PH H TS

13. ˈonly when the \/ˈwind ˈblows

H TS T

14. /Why did you ˈgo?

TS T

15. ˈWhat was the \ˈname of the ˈplace?

H TS T

16. I \/ˈmight ˈbuy it

PH TS T

17. I \/ˈmight have ˈthought of ˈbuying

PH TS it
T

178
 REFERENCES
Ashby, P. (2013). Understanding Phonetics. Routledge.
Carr, P. (2008). A glossary of Phonology. Edinburge University Press.
Collins, P. & Mees, I. (2013). Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A resource book for students
(3rd ed). Routledge.
Davenport, M. & Hannahs, S.J. (2013). Introducing Phonetics and Phonology (3rd ed). Routledge.
Gut, U. (2009). Introduction to English Phonetics and Phonology. Oxford: Peter Lang.
House, L.I. (2013). Introductory Phonetics and Phonology: A Workbook Approach. New York:
Psychology Press.
Ladefoged, P. & Johnson, K. (2011). A course in Phonetics (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Lodge, K (2009). A critical introduction to Phonetics. London: Continuum International
Publishing Group.
McMahon, A. (2002). An introduction to English Phonology. Edinburgh University Press.
Ogden, R. (2009). An introduction to English Phonetics. Edinburgh University Press.
Roach , P. (2009). English Phonetics and Phonology: A practical course (4th ed.). CUP.
Skandera, P. & Burleigh, P. (2005). A manual of English Phonetics and Phonology. Gunter Narr
Verlag Tubingen
Yavas, M. (2011). Applied English Phonology (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.

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