STD 9
STD 9
2.Give reasons:
a) Shockers are provided in vehicle
b) A karate player can break a pile of tiles in a single blow
3. Numericals
a) An automobiles vehicle has a mass of 1500 kg. What must be the force between the
vehicle and road of the vehicle is to be stopped with a negative acceleration of 1.7m?
b) What is the acceleration produced by a force of 12N exerted on an object of mass 3kg?
❖ [For your reference All the answers of above questions are given in NCERT Examidea
Science]
SCIENCE
BIOLOGY – CHAPTER:6 TISSUES
Answer the following questions . ( Very short answer type questions. )
1. Name the fluid matrix of a connective tissue.
2. Name the two types of processes present in neuron.
3. Give one word for the junction of two neurons.
4. Which connective tissue is specialised for fat storage and acts as heat insulator.
5. Which is the hardest connective tissue in human beings?
6. Which body cell provides resistance against infection?
7. What are mast cells?
8. Which tissue is commonly known as packaging tissue?
9. Where are smooth muscle tissue located in the body?
10. Name the three parts of a neuron.
हिन्दी साहित्य
प्रश्-1. हकस घटना ने साहलम अली के जीवन की हदिा क िदल हदया और उन्ें पक्षी प्रेमी िना हदया ?
उत्तर. साबिम अिी के िचपन की एक घटना ने उनके जीवन की बिशा को ििि बिया |िचपन में उनकी एयरगन
से नीिे कंठ की एक गौरै या घायि होकर बगर पड़ी थी | इससे उनके मन में पबियों के प्रबि करुणा और प्रेम उत्पन्न
हो गया | इस घटना से प्रभाबवि होकर वे जीवन भर पबियों के संिंध में जानकारी एकत्र करिे रहे और उनके
संरिण में िगे रहे |
प्रश्-2.साहलम अली ने पदवा प्रधानमोंत्री के सामने पयाावरण से सोंिोंहधि हकन सोंभाहवि खिर ों का हचत्र खी ोंचा
ि गा हक हजससे उनकी आाँ खें नम ि गई थी ?
उत्तर. साबिम अिी ने पूवव प्रधानमंत्री चौधरी चरण बसंह के सामने पयाव वरण संिुिन बिगड़ने का अत्यंि भयावह
बचत्र खींचा होगा | उन्ोंने ििाया होगा बक रे बगस्तान गमव हवाओं के झोकों से ‘ साइिेंट वैिी ‘ की सारी वनस्पबि
अथाव ि पेड़-पौधे झुिस जाएँ गे |वहाँ की हररयािी समाप्त हो जाएगी | वािावरण गमव हो जाएगा | रे बगस्तान का
बवस्तार हो जाएगा | इसके कारण वैिी में बनवास करने वािे जीव-जंिु भी प्रभाबवि हुए बिना नहीं रहें गे |उनका
जीवन संकट में पड़ जाएगा अथवा वे अन्य िेत्रों को पिायन कर जाएँ गे |यबि ऐसा हो गया िो पयाव वरण संिुिन
बिगड़ जाएगा जो मानव-जीवन के बिए हाबनकारक होगा |ऐसे भयावह बचत्र की कल्पना मात्र से ही प्रकृबि के प्रबि
संवेिनशीि पूवव प्रधानमंत्री की आँ खें नम हो गई थी |
प्रश्-3. लॉरें स की पत्नी फ्रीड़ा ने ऐसा क् ों किा ि गा हक “मेरी छि पर िैठने वाली गौरै या लॉरें स के िारे में
ढ़े र सारी िािें जानिी िै ?”
उत्तर- िॉरें स की मृत्यु के िाि िोगों ने उनकी पत्नी फ्रीड़ा से उनके संिंध में कुछ बिखने के बिए कहा िो उसे िगा
बक पबि के संिंध में कुछ बिखना उसके बिए असंभव है |उसने महसूस बकया होगा बक िॉरें स जैसे खुिे और सरि
हृिय वािे व्यक्ति के संिंध में अपने अनुभवों को बिखना कबठन है |इसीबिए उन्ोंने कहा होगा बक मेरी छि पर
िैठने वािी गौरै या िॉरें स के संिंध में मुझसे अबधक जानिी होगी |िू सरा इसका कारण यह भी हो सकिा है बक
िॉरें स का प्रकृबि से गहरा िगाव और सघन संिंध था |पबियों के प्रबि उनके हृिय में िहुि प्रेम था |फ्रीड़ा से अपने
पबि से अत्यबधक िगाव था | प्रेम की पराकाष्ठा में िो िोग एक जान हो जािे हैं |शायि इसीबिए भी फ्रीड़ा अपने
पबि के िारे में कुछ भी बिखने में असमथव थी |
उत्तर- अंग्रेजी के जीवन सुप्रबसद्ध उपन्यासकार व प्रकृबि संिंधी कबविाएं बिखने वािे िॉरें स सहज,स्वाभाबवक
जीवन व्यिीि करिे थे | प्रकृबि के प्रबि उनके हृिय में गहरा िगाव व सघन संिंध था | साबिम अिी भी सहज
स्वाभाबवक जीवन व्यिीि करने वािे िॉरें स की भाँ बि ही उनकी अनुकृबि िन गए थे | साबिम अिी भी सहज
स्वाभाबवक जीवन व्यिीि करिे थे | उनके जीवन में कृबत्रमिा न थी |
(ख) क ई अपने हजस्म की िरारि और हदल की धड़कन दे कर भी उसे लौटाना चािे ि वि पक्षी अपने
सपन ों के गीि द िारा कैसे गा सकेगा !
उत्तर- साबिम अिी की मृत्यु के िाि यबि कोई व्यक्ति अपने शरीर की गमी और हृिय की धड़कन िे कर भी
उनके प्राणों को िौटाना चाहे िो यह असंभव है क्ोंबक मृत्यु के पश्चाि बकसी को भी पुनजीबवि नहीं बकया जा
सकिा |अथाव ि साबिम अिी पुन:जीबवि नहीं हो सकिे थे |
उत्तर- प्रस्तुि पाठ ‘साँ विे सपनों की याि ‘ जाबिर हुसैन द्वारा डायरी शैिी संस्मरण है | िेखक ने साबिम अिी के
संस्मरण को डायरी शैिी में बिखकर डायरी बवधा में एक अबभनव प्रयोग बकया है जो अपनी प्रस्तुबि शैिी और
बशल्प में नवीनिा बिए हुए है |उनकी अबभव्यि बिि को छूने वािी है |
िेखक की भाषा प्रवाहमयी है |उनकी भाषा में उिू व -फारसी व अंग्रेजी शब्ों के प्रयोग के साथ-साथ ित्सम-िद्भव
शब्ों का भी प्रयोग हुआ है ,बजससे भाषा में स्वाभाबवकिा का समावेश हुआ है |उिू व के शब्ों में
हुजूम,खामोश,वािी,सफर,बजस्म,आिसरों,शोख,शरारिों, अंिाज,बहिायि,बहफाजि,असर ,ब ंिगी जैसे शब्ों का
प्रयोग बकया है िो ित्सम शब्ों में अंिहीन,पिायन,बविीन ,पूवव,उत्सुक,सोिा,वाबटका,शिी,समबपवि,अनुरोध,नैसबगवक
आबि है । वडव वाचर,फाि ऑफ ए स्पैरो एयरगन,साइिेंट वैिी आबि अंग्रेजी शब् भी सहजिा से प्रयुि हुए है ।
उनकी भाषा में उिू व -फारसी के शब्ों का प्रयोग होने के पश्चाि भी िु रूहिा नहीं है | उन्ोने उिू व के आम िोिचाि
के शब्ों का प्रयोग कर भाषा की सरििा और प्रवाहमयिा को िनाए रखा है |
उनकी भाषा-शैिी में कुछ सूक्तिमय वाक् भी प्रयुि हुए हैं | जैसे-‘प्रकृबि की िु बनया में एक टापू िनने की िजाय
अथाह सागर िनकर उभरे थे। ‘नैसबगवक ब ंिगी का प्रबिरूप िन गए थे।’ आबि
जाबिर हुसैन ने अपनी भाषा में मुहावरे का प्रयोग नए रूप व नए ढं ग से बकया है | उन्ोंने मौि की खामोश वािी,
आक्तखरी पिायन ,मौि की गोि में िसना,सोिा फूटना आबि मुहावरों का यथास्थान प्रयोग बकया है | उन्ोंने भाषा में
रूपक ,उपमा िथा अनुप्रास अिंकार का भी प्रयोग बकया है बजससे भाषा अिंकृि हो उठी है |उिाहरणथव –सुनहरे
पररं िों के खूिसूरि पंखों पर सवार साँ विे सपनों का एक हुजूम मौि की खामोश वािी की िरफ अग्रसर है ’, ‘अपने
कंधों पर सैिाबनयों की िरह अपने अंिहीन सफर का िोझ उठाए |’
प्रश्-6. इस पाठ में लेखक ने साहलम अली के व्यस्ित् का ज हचत्र खी ोंचा िै उसे अपने िब् ों में हलस्खए |
उत्तर- प्रबसद्ध पिी बवज्ञानी साबिम अिी िु ििे-पििे शरीर वािे थे |वे िगभग 99 वषव िक जीबवि रहे | वे स्वभाव
से घुमक्कड़ थे |शायि िंिी यात्राओं की थकान ने उनके शरीर को कमजोर कर बिया था | वे कैंसर से पीबड़ि थे |
यह जानिेवा िीमारी ही उनकी मौि का कारण िनी |परं िु उनकी आँ खों में चमक सिा िनी रही |िचपन की एक
घटना ने उनके जीवन की बिशा ही ििि िी थी | िचपन में उनकी एयरगन से एक गौरै या घायि हो गई थी | इस
घटना ने उन्ें पबियों का प्रेमी िना बिया | वे एक नामी पिी बवज्ञानी िने | वे जीवन-भर पबियों की ििाश में
भटकने रहे िथा उनके स्वभाव व आििों की जानकारी प्राप्त करिे रहे | वे आजीवन पबियों के संरिण के प्रबि
समबपवि रहे | उनका जीवन नैसबगवक था |वे पयाव वरण के प्रबि अत्यंि जागरूक थे |यही कारण था बक केरि की
‘साइिेंट वैिी ‘ को रे बगस्तान हवाओं के झोकों से िचने के बिए वे पूवव प्रधानमंत्री चौधरी चरण बसंह से बमिे |
उनके समान वडव वाचर कोई िू सरा नहीं हुआ | उनके गिे में सिा िू रिीन िटकी रहिी थी,इस िू रिीन का प्रयोग व
पबियों की खोज,उनकी गबिबवबधयों का अध्ययन करने में करिे थे | वे प्रकृबि को अपने प्रभाव में िाने वािे
व्यक्तियों में से थे | उनके भ्रमरशीि और यायावरी स्वभाव से पररबचि िोगों को उनकी मृत्यु के पश्चाि भी यह
महसूस होिा है बक वे आज भी पबियों के सुराग में बनकिे हैं और अभी िौट आएँ गें |
उत्तर- ‘साँ विे सपनों की याि ‘ प्रबसद्ध पिी बवज्ञानी साबिम अिी की याि में डायरी शैिी में बिखा संस्मरण है |
साबिम अिी की मृत्यु से उत्पन्न िु ख और अवसाि को िेखक ने ‘साँ विे सपनों की याि ‘के रूप में व्यि बकया है
| इस शीषवक में ‘साँ विा ‘ शब् अथवा अवसाि का द्योिक है | िेखक को साबिम अिी का साथ एक भाँ बि प्रिीि
होिा है | इसी सपने को याि करिे हुए िेखक जाबिर हुसैन ने पिी बवज्ञानी साबिम अिी का व्यक्ति –बचत्र खींचा है
| िु ख और अवसाि के इन िणों के बिए ‘साँ विे सपनों की याि ‘सववथा साथवक शीषवक है |
हिन्दी भाषा
ENGLISH LITERATURE
Chapter - The Adventures of Toto (Prose)
Characterization:
• TOTO:
Toto is the central character of the story ‘The Adventures of Toto'. Toto is a red baby
monkey. The whole story revolves around this little monkey. The story starts when the
author’s grandfather bought Toto from a tonga driver for five rupees and ends after he
sells the monkey back to the tonga driver for just rupees three. His mischievous
activities are innumerable all through the story. He becomes a nuisance for one and all.
Ultimately, all his mischiefs and acts of nuisance makes him intolerable for the whole
family including the grandfather. As a result, he had to sell Toto to the tonga driver.
• Grandfather- The author’s grandfather was a fun loving who loved the mischievous
acts of Toto. He is very fond of pets and hence has a private zoo at his servant’s quarter.
He is tolerant and comprising in nature. He seemed to be pleased with Toto's
performance of having torn Ruskin’ a blazer into pieces. He stated him to be clever. He
even tolerated him on his way to Saharanpur. At the end he has to accept the fact that all
animals are not meant to be kept as pet and had to sell him back to the Tonga driver.
Finally, the grandfather along with all his family members had a deep sigh of relief.
3. Why did the grandfather hide Toto for some time when he brought him home?
A: Grandmother was not very fond of animals. When he used to bring a new animal or bird, she
used to make a lot of fuss. To avoid this, grandfather hid Toto for some time and announced his
arrival to her when she was in a good mood.
5. What was grandfather's reaction after Toto had torn the narrator's blazer?
A: Grandfather was pleased with Toto's performance. He termed him to be clever and assumed
that if he would have been given more time, he would have made a rope of the torn pieces of the
narrator's coat and made his escape through the window.
2. Where was Toto kept immediately after grandfather got him? Why?
A: Toto was kept in a little closet opening into the narrator’s bedroom wall and was tied
securely to a peg fastened into the wall. He was kept hidden there for the grandmother who was
not fond of animals being at home would not welcome his arrival.
3. How did Toto travel by train? What was the ticket collector’s reaction?
A: Toto was kept inside a big black canvas kit-bag with some straw at the bottom. The bag was
fastened leaving no possibility for Toto to escape. Thus, he was taken to Dehradun by train.
While the grandfather was showing his ticket to the ticket collector, Toto suddenly poked his
head out of the bag and gave a wide grin to the ticket collector. He got frightened and was
annoyed at him and called him a dog.
5. Why did the grandfather sell Toto back to the tonga - driver?
A: Toto was incredibly mischievous in nature. He proved to be a great nuisance for the author
family and even to all other pets. Finally, it was concluded that Toto was not the sort of pet to
be kept for long. So, the grandfather sold Toto back to the same tonga- driver.
2. When did Toto learn to take a bath? How one day he nearly boiled himself alive?
A: Toto learnt to take a bath by seeing the narrator while bathing. Toto first checks the
temperature of water with his hand and then puts his feet one by one up into the water, as it was
winter so he enjoyed warm water. Then he used to take a piece of soap and rubbed it all over his
body. When the water gets cooled, he would run to the kitchen fire to dry himself. One day a
large kettle was put on fire containing water for tea. Toto removed the lid, touched the water
and found it warm enough for a bath. He went into the kettle and started enjoying the bath. But,
when water started boiling, Toto became uncomfortable and started hopping. He was unable to
come out of it. Luckily grandmother came there and rescued him from being boiled alive.
Reference to the context:
1. The poor man was taken aback; but, with great presence of mind and much to grandfather’s
annoyance, he said, “Sir, you have a dog with you". You’ll have to pay for it accordingly.
2. One day, at lunch time, a large dish of pulao stood in the centre of the dining table. We
entered the room to find Toto stuffing himself with rice.
a. How is ‘we’ referred to in the extract?
b. Who screamed just after this? Why?
c. How did Toto react at the screaming of grandmother?
Answer:
a: ‘We' is referred to Ruskin Bond the author, his grandmother and his aunts.
b: Ruskin's grandmother screamed when she found Toto stuffing himself with the rice.
c: Toto was a mischievous monkey. He reacted by immediately throwing away a plate at the
grandmother.
Ans:- When we love something , we do all the things that appeal to us. As we have passion for
it, we enjoy doing it. We put out best for it and get energy in it. The same this has happened
with grandfather. He had a great feeling for pets so he was spirited and animated in keeping the
pets at home. His love for the pets was just like an open sky where there was lot of space for the
countless stars. Despite of the continuous and ongoing protest from the grandmother, he never
let his habit go. This shows his love for the pets.
Grandfather had his private zoo where he had kept a variety of pets including a tortoise, a pair
of rabbits, a tame squirrel, a pet goat, a donkey besides Toto, the monkey. Even if he had to face
his wife’s anger, he frequently bought the pet animals for his private zoo. Not only he keeping
them in the zoo, he also visited them regularly at night. By seeing all these about Grandfather
we can rightly say that Grandfather was a great lover of pets.
2. Who was Nana? How did Toto tease Nana?
Ans:- Nana was a family donkey. When Toto was kept with her in the stable, at night Toto tease
Nana by biting her long ears with his sharp little teeth. He disturbed her so much that she was
unable to eat the grass.
Summary
The Little Girl by, Katherine Mansfield is a story of a little girl, Kezia who on account of little
understanding about her father, usually remained scared of him. She kept a distance from him,
whenever he would be at home. She considered him to be as big as a giant. She would often get
nervous and stutter while talking to him.
Once she was kept indoors on account of being affected by cold. Her grandmother advised her
to make a gift for her father’s birthday next week. She suggested she should make a pin-cushion
for him. Kezia made a beautiful pin-cushion; but she inadvertently made a mistake. She filled it
with a paper that had father’s important speech on it. She was punished for that. This incident
further estranged Kezia from her father.
She would often look at the neighbours, the McDonalds playing joyously in their lawn. Mr.
Macdonald was such a good father and played so lovingly with his children. She wondered he
might be a different sort of father.
Once her mother fell ill and was hospitalized. She was left alone at home under the care of the
cook. At night she had a nightmare and woke up screaming. She found her father standing by
her bedside. He picked her up and took her to her room. He tucked her up in his bed and soon
fell asleep. Kezia felt secured lying near him. She realized her father was not as big as a giant.
She felt the beating of her father’s loving and large heart. Finally, she realized her father was
also very loving.
Question 4: In what ways did Kezia’s grandmother encourage her to get to know her father
better?
Answer: Kezia’s grandmother used to encourage Kezia to serve tea and to fetch spectacles for
her father, so that she could get opportunity to interact with him.
Question 5: Kezia’s efforts to please her father resulted in displeasing him very much. How did
this happen?
Answer: Kezia’s grandmother asked her to make some surprise gift for the father’s birthday.
She wanted to make a nice pin cushion for her father. She wanted to stuff the cushion with some
scraps. While searching for scrap she found some pieces of papers strewn on the bed. She used
them to stuff the pin cushion.
But it was her sheer bad luck that those were not useless papers, but was speech written by her
father. He had to deliver that speech at some important function. This made her father angry to
the extent that he beat her up.
Question 6: Kezia decides that there are ―different kinds of fathers‖. What kind of father was
Mr Macdonald, and how was he different from Kezia’s father?
Answer: Mr. Macdonald was of jovial nature. He used to play around with his kids. On the
other hand, Kezia’s father was never seen in a playful mood and was always serious. He always
scolded Kezia for seemingly minor mistakes. This was his way of bringing up a child.
Question 7: How does Kezia begin to see her father as a human being who needs her sympathy?
Answer: When Kezia’s mother falls sick she is feeling lonely. To take solace she goes to sleep
in her father’s lap. While consoling her he seems to be an affectionate person. Kezia also feels
the warmth of the proverbial bear hug of her father. Now she feels quite safe and secure with
her father. She realizes that because of his busy schedule her father is unable to give enough
time to the family. When her father falls asleep before her, she realizes that her father is also a
human being and he too needs sympathy.
c. Find a word from the passage that means shaking in fear due to cold‘.
Ans- The word is shivering.
d. Why did the girl call her grandmother for help in the nightmare?
Ans- The girl was very close to her grandmother and not to her father. So, she called her
grandmother for help in the nightmare.
2. But it was for your b-b-birthday.…… What did God make fathers for? She sobbed.
a. Who is speaking in the first line and to whom?
Ans- In the first line, Kezia is speaking to her father.
1. How did Kezia’s effort to please her father resulted in displeasing him very much?
Elaborate. Was she punished by her father? Do you think Kezia deserved this?
Ans. Kezia was scared of her father and stuttered while talking to him which annoyed him.
Whenever she stared at him and waited to nave a nice talk with him, he did not like and told her
that she was looking like a little brown owl. The incident that displeased her father the most was
the incident when she tried to make a pin cushion as a birthday gift for her father on her
grandmother’s suggestion. As she needed some stuff for the cushion, unknowingly she tore up
the important papers kept on her father’s table. Father got so angry that he punished her by
beating on her palms with ruler.
No, Kezia did not deserve this punishment. She did not have any such intention. Her father
should not have been so harsh to her because she had not done it intentionally. He should make
that little girl realise her mistake fact fully. She should have been made to understand that
anything that did not belong to her, must not be touched upon. This would have done a lot of
good in place of punishment.
Reference to the context: -
1. “But it was for your b-b-birth day.” Down came the ruler on her little, pink palms. Hours
later, when grandmother had wrapped her in a shawl and rocked her in the rocking-
chair, the child clung to her soft body. “What did God make fathers for?” she sobbed.
(a) Who is speaking in the first line and to whom?
(b) How did the father react?
(c) Find a word from the passage that mean “wept”?
(d) How did the grandmother comfort little girl?
Ans.(a) In the first line Kezia is speaking to her father.
(b) Father got angry and beaten on her palms with a ruler.
(c) The word is “sobbed”
(d) Grandmother wrapped her in her shawl and seated her in a chair.
This chapter is about Albert Einstein. He was a great scientist. The title of the chapter ‘A Truly
Beautiful Mind’ refers to Albert Einstein. This is a short biography of his where some of his
qualities have been highlighted – Albert’s interest in Mathematics and Physics and also his
humanitarian attribute. The title - ‘A Truly Beautiful Mind’ makes one wonder that how can a
scientist’s mind be beautiful. It is so, because in this lesson we come across another aspect of
Einstein. He was a humanitarian. He advocated world peace, non - violence and that is why the
title refers to him as a truly beautiful mind.
Answers:
1. Einstein left the school in Munich because he did not like the discipline of the school. He
hated the school’s regimentation and often clashed with teachers.
2. Albert’s parents moved to Milan and left their son with relatives. After prolonged discussion,
Einstein got his wish to continue his education in German – speaking Switzerland. Actually, it
was more liberal than Munich.
3. Einstein saw in Mileva Marie an ally against the “Philistines”—those people in his family
and at the university with whom he was constantly at odds. He found that she was a “clever
creature”.
4. These tell that Einstein was a genius and had the capabilities to achieve his targets. Moreover,
he had his own view of life. He liked freedom too much.
Q2. What did Einstein call his desk drawer at the patent office? Why? Answer: Einstein
called his desk drawer at the patent office the “bureau of theoretical physics”. Einstein was
actually developing his own ideas in secret and his drawer had all the evidences which could
reveal the secret.
Q3. Why did Einstein write a letter to Franklin Roosevelt? Answer: With the emergence of
Nazis in Germany, Einstein emigrated to the United States. It was the fact that the Nazis had the
ability to develop the atomic bomb. It could destroy the whole world. So he warned Franklin D.
Roosevelt in his letter.
Q4. Why does the world remember Einstein as a ‘world citizen’? Answer: The world
remembers Einstein as a ‘world citizen’ because he believed in universal peace. When there was
the rat race for becoming atomic power, he was worried about the aftermaths of the bomb. He
was really a world citizen who was concerned with humanity.
Q5. How did Einstein react to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Answer: The
atomic bomb devastated the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He was deeply shaken
by the extent of the destruction and wrote a public missive to the United Nations.
Q1. Here are some facts from Einstein’s life. Arrange them in chronological order.
Q2. Here are some sentences from the story. Choose the word from the brackets which
can be substituted for the italicized and underlined words in the sentences.
1. A few years later, the marriage faltered. (failed, broke, became weak)
2. Einstein was constantly at odds with people at the university. (on bad terms, in disagreement,
unhappy)
3. The newspapers proclaimed his work as “a scientific revolution.” (declared, praised, showed)
4. Einstein got ever more involved in politics, agitating for an end to the arms buildup.
(campaigning, fighting, supporting)
5. At the age of 15, Einstein felt so stifled that he left the school for good, (permanently, for his
benefit, for a short time)
6. Five years later, the discovery of nuclear fission in Berlin had American physicists in an
uproar. (in a state of commotion, full of criticism, in a desperate state)
7. Science wasn’t the only thing that appealed to the dashing young man with the walrus
moustache. (interested, challenged, worried)
3. In each of the following sentences, choose the subject/subjects and the corresponding
verbs from the bracket: -
(a) Neither science nor Maths (gives, give) me a problem.
(b) Either the cat or the dogs (greets, greet) me at the door.
(c) Either my cousin or my uncle (was, were) on the critical list.
(d) Neither Miss. Jones nor a member of her staff (is, are) going to attend the meeting.
Ans. The apartheid system was particularly oppressive for the blacks. They were forbidden
from living in white areas. They could work in white areas only if they had a permit. Trains,
buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, schools and colleges, swimming pools, public toilets etc. were all
separate for the whites and blacks. They could not even visit the churches where the whites
worshiped. Blacks could not form associations or protest against the terrible treatment.
Q.2. What was the appeal made by the black leaders to the fellow blacks after the emergence of
the new democratic South Africa?
Ans. After the emergence of the new democratic South Africa, black leaders appealed to fellow
blacks to forgive the whites for the atrocities they had committed while in power. They urged
the people to build a new South Africa based on equality of all races, and of men and women,
on democratic values, social justice and human rights.
Ans. The constitution of a country is a set of written rules that are accepted by all people living
in that country. It is the supreme law that determines the relationship among the people living in
a territory (called citizens) and also the relationship between the people and government. It
specifies how the government will be constituted and who will have the power to take different
decisions.
Q.4. Describe the advantages that Indians had when they participated in the legislatures which
were set up as a result of the elections of 1937.
Ans. Although the legislatures set up in India as a result of elections of 1937 were not fully
democratic, the experience gained by Indians in the working of the legislative institutions
proved to be very useful for the country in setting up its own institutions and working in them.
Q.9. What are Constitutional Amendments? State its significance in a democratic country like
India.
Ans. Constitutional Amendments are changes in the constitution made by the Supreme
Legislative body in a country. The constitution of India is a very long and detailed document.
Therefore it needs to be amended quite regularly to keep it updated.
Q.10. What were the difficulties faced during the making of Indian constitution?
Ans. It was drawn up under very difficult circumstances. Making a constitution for a huge
country like India was not an easy affair. The country was born through partition. The problem
of princely states was left undecided by the British. There were anxieties about the present and
future of the country.
Q.11. State the steps involved in the framing of Indian constitution.
Ans. The drafting of the document called the constitution was done by an assembly of elected
representatives called the Constituent assembly Elections to the Constituent Assembly were
held in July 1946. Its first meeting was held in December 1946. It had 299 members. The
assembly adopted the constitution on 26 November 1949 and it came into force on 26 January
1950.
Q.12. The Preamble of our constitution is a short statement of values. Which country has
inspired India to incorporate the Preamble? Why does it start with ‘‘We The People of India?’’
Ans. Taking inspiration from American model, most countries including India have chosen to
begin their constitutions with a importance to the people of India by saying that it is the people
who have drawn up and enacted the constitution. It has not been handed down to them by a king
or any outside power.
4. How is the case of the word handled using the Find and Replace dialog box?
Ans. The Find and Replace feature in word preserves the Case. If the found text begins with a
capital letter, the text replacement will begin with a capital. Clicking on the Match Case
checkbox will search the text with similar case that you have typed in Find what text box.
Topic- landscape
DRAWING Complete this drawing in your school drawing copy.
Dr. Rachana Nair
Director Academics