UNITY UNIVERSITY (UU)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENG & CONSTRUCTION

TECHNOLOGY

RAILWAY & TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION

(CoTM4203)
CHAPTER- 4
Railway Stations
July 27, 2018
(BERHANU G.)

©Berhanu G/yohannes 2016/2017

CONTENTS
 Introduction

 Location of Stations

 Types of Railway Stations (Station Classification)

 Distribution of Stations

 Layout of Intermediate Stations

 What is railway station
 What facilities a railway stations includes
 What are the main operations in railway stations
Definition
Station is a basic production unit of railway
transportation, integrating technical equipment relating
to transportation operation.

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Basic tasks (commercial and technical operations)
Passenger traffic service and goods traffic service, such as
passengers’ boarding and alighting, goods consignment,
goods loading and unloading, goods delivery and
safekeeping, etc.

boarding and alighting goods consignment

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 Various technical operations of railway transportation , such
as train reception and departure, passing, overtaking,
disassembly and marshaling, change of locomotive and train
crew, To enable sorting out of wagons and bogies to form new
trains,

train reception and disassembly and train technology and

departure marshalling freight examination

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 Station facilities include Station building, Passenger Platform,
and circulation corridor (Level crossings)
 Facilities categorized as follows
1. Passenger transportation facilities: passenger station building
(ticket hall, waiting room, luggage and parcel room), passenger
platform, rain shed, pass equipment (the overpass, the subway,
the intersection);

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2. Freight transportation facilities: warehouse, goods
platform, freight office, loading and unloading
machines;
3. Tracks in the station: arrival and departure track,
lead track, loading and unloading track, they are
separately designed for receiving and sending trains,
dispatching, loading and unloading goods.
4. Signals and communication equipment.

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Selection of Site for a Railway Station
 The following factors are considered when selecting a site
for a railway station.
 Adequate land There should be adequate land available
for the station building, not only for the proposed line but
also for any future expansion. The proposed area should also
be without any religious buildings.
 Level area with good drainage The proposed site
should preferably be on a fairly level ground with good
drainage arrangements.

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 Alignment The station site should preferably have a straight
alignment so that the various signals are clearly visible. The
proximity of the station site to a curve presents a number of
operational problems.
 Easy accessibility The station site should be easily
accessible. The site should be near villages and towns.
 Nearby villages should be connected to the station by means of
approach roads for the convenience of passengers.
 Water supply arrangement When selecting the site, it
should be verified that adequate water supply is available for
passengers and operational needs.

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Classification
According to the character of technical operation
In passenger traffic line:
 Overtaking station,
 Intermediate station,
 Originating train station
Mixed passenger and freight railway:
 Crossing station,
 Overtaking station,
 Intermediate station,
 District station and
 Marshaling station

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According to the passenger and freight traffic volume
In passenger traffic line:
 Super-large station,
 Large station,
 Medium station, and small-sized station
Mixed passenger and freight railway ：
 Super class station, class-I, II, III, IV and V stations

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 Basic principle of distribution of station
 Railway stations are distributed to ensure an enough passing
capacity
 Distribution of stations is combined with route selection
 Railway stations are distributed and located after
comprehensively considering factors including
Adequate land
Topographical and geological conditions,
Difficulty degree of engineering;
Conditions for other tracks connecting (Alignment), and
Whether it is convenient for local passenger and freight
transportation (Easy accessibility)

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 Steps for distribution of station
◦ On passenger railway line
 First distribute the large station according to the
distribution of major cities along the route of line, and then
distribute medium and small station based required passing
capacity
◦ On mixed passenger and freight railway line
 First distribute district stations together with the design of
locomotive routing; then combining the paper location of
line, distribute generally intermediate station, passing
station or overtaking station to meet the required passing
capacity

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Distribution of district station for mixed passenger and
freight railway
 District station is one of important technical operation
stations on mixed passenger and freight railway
◦ Distribution of district station has great influence on the
Selection of alignment,
Engineering and operation conditions, especially the
operation efficiency of the locomotive.

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Rules for distribution of district station for mixed passenger
and freight railway
Try to close to large cities, industrial and mining
enterprises to meet the requirements for collection and
distribution of passenger and freight flow
Location of station shall be planned in accordance with
the development of the city and town.
District station shall be located in the place in plain
terrain and sound geological condition, with less
farmland, convenient for treatment of “waste gas, waste
water and waste residue” and with convenient water
source and power supply. 17
Distribution of Intermediate Station for mixed passenger and
freight line
Intermediate stations mainly deal with service for stopping of
most high-speed and medium-speed trains for commercial
operations.
Rules for distribution
The intermediate station for passengers and freight transportation
shall be properly distributed as per the average daily volume
usually set in the railway junction terminal, municipality and
provincial capital city, and enjoys abundant passenger
transportation business

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Distribution of Passing Station or Overtaking Station on
mixed passenger and freight line
Passing station
 Passing stations are set on the passenger-and-freight single-
track railway
 It deals with the arrival and departure, meeting and
passing. Besides, there may be a little passenger and freight
business.
 Arrival-departure tracks shall be laid in passing stations,
and facilities for communication, signal, and passenger
alighting and boarding as well as technical offices shall be
provided

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Passing station
Passing station layout diagram
Transverse station

Tandem station
 Overtaking Station
Stations set on double track railways and responsible
for dealing with the surpassing of trains travelling in
the same direction are called overtaking stations.
 Arrival-departure tracks shall be laid on Overtaking
Station, and facilities for communication, signal, and
passenger alighting and boarding as well as technical
offices shall be provided.

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Overtaking station layout diagram

Overtaking station with one single arrival-departure

track for passenger and freight
Rules for distribution
The passing station and overtaking station shall be distributed
according to the running-time standards of freight trains
required by carrying capacity

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Generally distribution of station shall meet the needs of
Distribution of passenger flow,
Travel convenience for urban dwellers,
Train operation optimization,
Design capacity and maintenance.
Convenience for travelling in traffic hubs

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Stations in too short distance will cause additional
construction and operation costs, and even worsen the
operational indicators such as speed, travel time.
Minimal inter-station distance of newly-built railway:
Single-track: no less than (≥) 8km
Double-track: no less than (≥) 15km
The average distance between two stations including an
overtaking station is preferably 30-50 km.

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Operation (Commercial and Technical operation)
Commercial operation
Ticketing
Passenger alighting and boarding
Luggage receiving and distributing
Freight consignment storage and handover

boarding and alighting

goods consignment
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Technical operation
Dealing with the passing and surpassing and departure of
trains
Attaching and detaching
Taking-out and placing-in of cars and loading-unloading
operations

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Layout diagram

Single-track Intermediate Station Diagram

Double-track Intermediate Station Diagram

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 Main equipment of facilities
 Passenger traffic facility
◦ passenger station building
◦ Platform
◦ level corridor or overpass facilities

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Passenger station building
 Passenger station building shall coordinate with urban
planning and the general layout diagram of the station and
shall be convenient for passenger passing.
 The passenger station building shall keep a certain distance
from the central line of the nearest track, so more tracks may
be added at the building side.
 Generally, distance between outer wall of the building ledge
and platform edge should be 8 to 20m;
 when condition is unfavorable, a shorter distance can be
adopted, but it shall never be shorter than the main platform
width.

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railway platform
 A railway platform is a section of pathway, alongside rail
tracks at a railway station, at which passengers may board or
alight from trains .
 Almost all rail stations have some form of platform, with
larger stations having multiple platforms.
 Most stations have their platforms numbered consecutively
from 1 or letters.
• Platform 1 is a "bay" platform,
• platforms 2, 3 and 4 are
"through" platforms.
• The platform accommodating
3 and 4 is an "island" platform

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Platform types
 Bay platform; is one at which the track terminates, i.e. A dead-
end or siding. Trains serving a bay platform must reverse in or
out.
 Through platform is the more usual type, alongside tracks
where the train arrives from one end and leaves towards the other
 Two types
 Side platform (base platform) platform adjacent to outer tracks
 Island platform (intermediate platform); an island platform has through
platforms on both sides; it may be indented on one or both ends, with bay
platforms.
 To reach an island platform there may be a bridge, a tunnel, or a level
crossing.
 The climb up to the bridge or down to the tunnel may use stairs, ramps,
escalators, lifts, or a combination of the above.
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Length of platforms
length of the platform shall be set as 300~500m,
subject to the recent passenger amount, train
length and enlargement needs.
When passenger amount is relatively small and the
train is relatively short, the platform length may be
reduced properly.

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Width of platforms
Single-track railway intermediate platform width
shall be no less than 4m and double track railway
shall be no less than 5m. When overpass facilities are
provided the platform shall be widened as needed.
Height of platform
High platform（1100mm）
Middle platform（500mm）
Low platform（300mm）

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 •Level track

•Above track
•Under track
Level passageway and overpass (bridge) facilities
Level passageway
There may be 1~2 level passageway
At the two ends or middle
overpass (bridge)
over-bridge
tunnel

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 Freight transportation facilities (Fright yards): includes
facilities like warehouse, goods platform, freight office,
loading and unloading machines.
 Freight platform

ordinary platform——1.1m higher than the top of rail

high platform ——over 1.1m higher than the top of rail

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Typical layout of freight yard

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THANK YOU!

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