Grade 8 Industries 1

GEOGRAPHY INDUSTRIES
1. Give two examples of the following in the space provided.
Answer: (i) Raw Materials: cotton and iron
(ii) End product: shirt and car
(iii) Tertiary Activities: banking and transport
(iv) Agro-based Industries: Food processing and leather industries
(v) Cottage Industries: Basket weaving and pottery
(vi) Co-operatives: Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy
2. What are the inputs processes and outputs of the iron and steel
industry?
Answer: The inputs for the industry include raw materials such as iron
ore, coal and limestone, along with labour, capital, site and other
infrastructure. The process of converting iron ore into steel involves
many stages. The raw material is put in the blast furnace where it
undergoes smelting. It is then refined. The output obtained is steel
which may be used by other industries as raw material.
3. Discuss the Bhopal disaster.
OrWhat was the cause of the Bhopal gas tragedy? Or What were the
effects of the Bhopal gas tragedy?
• Answer: One of the worst industrial disasters of all time occurred
in Bhopal on 3 December 1984 around 00:30 a.m. It was a
technological accident in which highly poisonous Methyl Isocynate
(MIC) gas along with Hydrogen Cyanide and other reaction
products leaked out of the pesticide factory of Union Carbide. The
official death toll was 3,598 in 1989. Thousands, who survived still
suffer from one or many ailments like blindness, impaired
immune system, gastrointestinal disorders etc.
4. Explain the factors favourable for the development of the IT industry

in California.(Or)
Discuss the locational advantages of Silicon Valley – California
Answer: Locational advantages of Silicon Valley – California
• Close to some of the most advanced scientific and technological

centres in the world.
• Pleasant climate with an attractive and a clean environment.

Plenty of space for development and future expansion.
• Located close to major roads and airports.
• Good access to markets and skilled work force.
5. Explain the factors favourable for the development of the IT industry

in Bangalore.(Or)Discuss the locational advantages of ‘Silicon plateau –
Bangalore’.
Answer: Locational advantages of ‘Silicon plateau – Bangalore’

• Bangalore has the largest number of educational institutions and
IT colleges in India.
• The city was considered dust free with low rents and cost of living.
• The state government of Karnataka was the first to announce an

IT Policy in 1992.
• The city has the largest and widest availability of skilled managers
with work experience.
6. What are the similarities between information technology industry in

Bangalore and California?
Answer: Similarities between information technology industry in

Bangalore and California
❖ Presence of high quality educational institutions and advanced

scientific and technological centres.
❖ Availability of skilled work force.
❖ Good access to markets.
❖ Pleasant climate with an attractive and a clean environment.
❖ Well developed and well connected.
7. Distinguish between agro-based and mineral based industry.
Agro based industries use plant and animal based products as their raw
materials. Mineral based industries are primary industries that use
mineral ores as their raw materials.
Example: Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products

and leather industries Example: iron and steel industries.
8. Distinguish between public sector and joint sector industry.
Answer: Difference between public sector and joint sector industry
The public sector industries are owned and operated by the

government. Joint sector industries are owned and operated by the
state and individuals or a group of individuals.
Example: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, and Steel Authority of India

Limited Example: Maruti Udyog Limited
9. Explain different aspects of the industrial system with an example.
OrWhat consists an Industrial System? Explain with an example.
OrWhat are the inputs processes and outputs of the textile industry?
Answer: An industrial system consists of inputs, processes and outputs.

The inputs are the raw materials, labour and costs of land, transport,
power and other infrastructure. The processes include a wide range of
activities that convert the raw material into finished products. The
outputs are the end product and the income earned from it. In case of
the textile industry the inputs may be cotton, human labour, factory
and transport cost. The processes include ginning, spinning, weaving,
dyeing and printing. The output is the shirt we wear.
10. Why was sakchi chosen to set up the steel plant by TISCO?
❖ Answer: Sakchi was chosen to set up the steel plant for several
reasons.
❖ This place was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the

Bengal-Nagpur railway line.
❖ It was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits as well
as to Kolkata, which provided a large market.
❖ TISCO, gets coal from Jharia coalfields, and iron ore, limestone,
dolomite and manganese from Orissa and Chhattisgarh.
❖ The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water

supply.
❖ Government initiatives provided adequate capital for its later

development.
11. What are the factors responsible for the growth of iron and steel
industry in Pittsburgh?
Answer: The steel industry at Pittsburgh enjoys locational advantages.
❖ Some of the raw material such as coal is available locally, while

the iron ore comes from the iron mines at Minnesota, about 1500
km from Pittsburgh.
❖ Between these mines and Pittsburgh is one of the world’s best

routes for shipping ore cheaply – the famous Great Lakes
waterway.
❖ Trains carry the ore from the Great Lakes to the Pittsburgh area.
❖ The Ohio, the Monogahela and Allegheny rivers provide adequate

water supply.
12. Distinguish between small scale and large scale industries.
Answer: Difference between small scale and large scale industries.

Small scale industries Large scale industries
1. Most of the work is done by manpower, small machines and tools.

1. The work is done mostly by larger machines and laborers.
2. These industries employ less capital. 2. These industries employ

more capital.
3. Silk weaving and food processing industries are small scale industries
4.Production of automobiles and heavy machinery are large scale

industries.
13. What factors led to the establishment of cotton textile industry in

Osaka?
or
Why cotton & textile industry developed in Osaka?
Or
Explain the locational advantages that Osaka has for the development
of the cotton textile industry.
Answer: The textile industry developed in Osaka due to several

geographical factors.
• The extensive plain around Osaka ensured that land was easily
available for the growth of cotton mills.
• Warm humid climate is well suited to spinning and weaving.

• The river Yodo provides sufficient water for the mills. Labour is
easily available.
• Location of port facilitates import of raw cotton and for exporting

textiles.
14. Write the properties and significance of steel.
Answer: Steel is tough and it can easily be shaped, cut, or made into
wire. Alloys give steel unusual hardness, toughness, or ability to resist
rust.
Significance
• Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry. Ships,

trains, trucks, and autos are made largely of steel.
• Even the safety pins and the needles we use are made from steel.
• Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery.
• Steel pipelines transport oil.
• Minerals are mined with steel equipment.
• Farm machines are mostly steel.
• Large buildings have steel framework.

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GEOGRAPHY INDUSTRIES

1. Give two examples of the following in the space provided.

Answer: (i) Raw Materials: cotton and iron

(ii) End product: shirt and car

(iii) Tertiary Activities: banking and transport

(iv) Agro-based Industries: Food processing and leather industries

(v) Cottage Industries: Basket weaving and pottery

(vi) Co-operatives: Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy

3. Discuss the Bhopal disaster.

4. Explain the factors favourable for the development of the IT industry

Discuss the locational advantages of Silicon Valley – California

Answer: Locational advantages of Silicon Valley – California

• Close to some of the most advanced scientific and technological

• Pleasant climate with an attractive and a clean environment.

• Located close to major roads and airports.

• Good access to markets and skilled work force.

5. Explain the factors favourable for the development of the IT industry

Answer: Locational advantages of ‘Silicon plateau – Bangalore’

• The state government of Karnataka was the first to announce an

6. What are the similarities between information technology industry in

Answer: Similarities between information technology industry in

❖ Presence of high quality educational institutions and advanced

❖ Availability of skilled work force.

❖ Good access to markets.

❖ Pleasant climate with an attractive and a clean environment.

❖ Well developed and well connected.

7. Distinguish between agro-based and mineral based industry.

Example: Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products

Answer: Difference between public sector and joint sector industry

The public sector industries are owned and operated by the

Example: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, and Steel Authority of India

9. Explain different aspects of the industrial system with an example.

OrWhat consists an Industrial System? Explain with an example.

Answer: An industrial system consists of inputs, processes and outputs.

❖ This place was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the

❖ The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water

❖ Government initiatives provided adequate capital for its later

Answer: The steel industry at Pittsburgh enjoys locational advantages.

❖ Some of the raw material such as coal is available locally, while

❖ Between these mines and Pittsburgh is one of the world’s best

❖ The Ohio, the Monogahela and Allegheny rivers provide adequate

12. Distinguish between small scale and large scale industries.

Answer: Difference between small scale and large scale industries.

1. Most of the work is done by manpower, small machines and tools.

2. These industries employ less capital. 2. These industries employ

4.Production of automobiles and heavy machinery are large scale

13. What factors led to the establishment of cotton textile industry in

Why cotton & textile industry developed in Osaka?

Answer: The textile industry developed in Osaka due to several

• Warm humid climate is well suited to spinning and weaving.

• Location of port facilitates import of raw cotton and for exporting

14. Write the properties and significance of steel.

• Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry. Ships,

• Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery.

• Steel pipelines transport oil.

• Minerals are mined with steel equipment.

• Farm machines are mostly steel.

• Large buildings have steel framework.