Industries

1. Examine the reasons for the location of most of the jute mills in West Bengal.
[CBSE SQP 2022]

(1) Proximity of the jute-producing areas.
(2) Inexpensive water transport.
(3) Supported by a good network of railways, roadways, and waterways to facilitate
the movement of raw materials to the mills.
(4) Abundant water for processing raw jute.
(5) Cheap labor from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa, and Uttar Pradesh.
(6) Kolkata as a large urban center provides banking, insurance, and port facilities for the export
of jute goods.
(7) The jute industry supports workers directly and small and marginal farmers who are engaged
in the cultivation of jute.
(8) Any other relevant point.
2. Why is the iron and steel industry called a basic industry?
The iron and steel industry is called the basic industry because:
(i) It is the industry that lays the foundation for the rapid development of other industries such
as heavy Engineering, defence equipment, automobiles, airplanes etc.
(ii) It is also helpful in providing employment.
(iii) It also helps in the development of agriculture.
3. What is the importance of the manufacturing industries?
1. Employment generation: The manufacturing industry is the main source of employment
for a large number of skilled as well as unskilled workers.
2. Foreign exchange: Export of manufactured goods brings foreign exchange to India.
3. Reduction of pressure on land: The manufacturing industry produces products of daily needs
and helps the common people to fulfill their basic needs. It reduces pressure on the agricultural
sector for employment.
4. Removal of economic problems: Industrial development is a precondition for the removal
of economic problems like poverty, unemployment, and economic inequality. It also helps in
bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
4. The sugar industry is now shifting from north to south. Mention the main reasons.
OR
Which factors are responsible for the shifting of sugar mills to southern and western
states?
OR
‘Though Uttar Pradesh has the largest number of sugar mills, Maharashtra is the largest producer
of sugar'. Give any two reasons to justify the statement.
North India is regarded as the main center of the sugar industry and Uttar Pradesh is
the leading producer.
Over time the sugar industry is shifting towards south India. The main reasons behind
shifting of the sugar industry towards south India are:
(i) Tropical climate, black soil, high temperature throughout the year, good rainfall, irrigations
frost-free growing season are best-suited geographical conditions that give high yield per unit in
Maharashtra as compared to North India (U.P.).
(ii) The sucrose content is higher in the tropical variety of sugarcane in Maharashtra as compared
to Uttar Pradesh.
(iii) The cooler climate in those states lengthens the crushing season by two months.
(iv) The South has better export facilities as compared to the North.
(v) Cooperative sugar mills are more successful in management in South India.
(vi) Most of the mills are new in Maharashtra with modern machinery as compared
to U.P.
5. How would you classify industries based on their main role?
Industries can be classified under the following categories based on their main
role:
1. Basic and Key Industries: Basic and key industries that supply their products or raw
materials to manufacture other products. Examples: Iron and steel industry, copper smelting
, and aluminium smelting.
2. Consumer Industries: Consumer Industries that produce goods for direct use by
consumers. Examples: Sugar, Toothpaste, paper, sewing machines and fans etc.
6. What are the impacts of mining on the health of the miners and the environment?
1. Mining causes air pollution. The dust and noxious fumes inhaled by miners make
them vulnerable to pulmonary diseases.
2. The risk of collapsing mine roofs, inundation, and fires in coal mines are a constant threat
to miners.
3. The water sources in the region get contaminated due to mining. Dumping of waste and
slurry leads to degradation of land, and soil, and increases in stream and river pollution.
7. How would you classify industries based on raw materials used?
1. Agro-based industries: Industries that get their raw materials from agriculture are
known as Agro-based industries. Cotton, woolen, jute, silk textile, rubber and sugar, tea,
coffee, and edible oil are examples of agro-based industries.
2. Mineral-based Industries: Industries that are dependent on minerals for their industrial
use are known as mineral-based industries. Iron and steel industries, cement industries,
aluminium, machine tools, and petrochemicals are examples of Mineral-based industries.
8. Why does the northeastern part of the peninsular plateau region have the maximum
concentration of iron and steel industries?
1. Due to the area being rich in raw materials.
2. Transport facilities are available.
3. Port facilities are available close to this area.
4. Labour from most populated states is also available.
9. What ideas justify that agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other?
1. Agriculture and industry move hand and hand.
2. The agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its
productivity.
3. They depend on the latter for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation
pumps, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools etc. to
the farmers.
4. Thus development and competitiveness of the manufacturing industry have not only assisted
agriculture in increasing their production but also made the production processes very
efficient.
5. Industrial labour and employers are dependent on agriculture for food and other
products.
10. Mention three problems of the sugar industry in India.
Three problems of the sugar industry in India are.
(i) This industry is seasonal in nature as the raw material is available only at the time of harvest.
(ii) There is a great distance between the sugar factories and the fields. Due to transportation,
cost of production increases.
(iii) There is loss of sucrose if not crushed within 2424hrs.
11. Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
The Iron and Steel Industry is often called the backbone of the modern industry. Almost
everything we use is either made of iron or steel or has been made with the tools and machinery
of these metals. Ships, trains, trucks, and autos are made largely of steel. Even the safety pins
and the needles we use are made from steel.

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1. Examine the reasons for the location of most of the jute mills in West Bengal.

[CBSE SQP 2022]

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