THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING STYLES AND DRUG ABUSE

AMONG YOUTH IN DAGORETTI SHOPPING CENTRE, KIKUYU SUB-COUNTY,

KIAMBU COUNTY - KENYA

MICHAEL IFEOLUWA EMMANUEL - 160578BACP

A PROPOSAL PRESENTED TO THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL

SCIENCE, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
CONFERMENT OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR’S IN COUNSELING
PSYCHOLOGY, AT AFRICA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY.

JANUARY 2020
 DECLARATION.

This research project is the product of my work and is not the result of anything done in

collaboration. It has not been previously presented to any other institution.

Signature: ………………………………………………. Date …….……………….

Michael Ifeoluwa Emmanuel

160578BACP

I confirm that the work reported in this research project was carried out by the student under my

supervision.

Signature: ………………………………………………. Date ………………………….

Dr. Diana Nyamai

Table of Contents
DECLARATION.............................................................................................................................2
CONCEPTS;....................................................................................................................................4
 Effects of authoritative.............................................................................................................5
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................5
Introduction/Background of the research:.......................................................................................5
What are the four major parenting styles?.................................................................................5
Authoritarian parenting:..............................................................................................................6
Neglectful parenting:.....................................................................................................................6
Indulgent (or permissive) parenting:...........................................................................................6
Authoritative parenting:...............................................................................................................6
The Problem Statement:..................................................................................................................7
Purpose of Study..............................................................................................................................7
Research objectives:........................................................................................................................7
Significance of the study:................................................................................................................7
Delimitations of the research...........................................................................................................7
Limitations of the research..............................................................................................................7
Definition of Key Terms:.................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................8
Literature review:.............................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER THREE.........................................................................................................................9
RESEARCH METHOD..................................................................................................................9
Entry Procedure:............................................................................................................................10
Ethical Consideration:...................................................................................................................13
References......................................................................................................................................14
 CONCEPTS;

Do a comparative study of parenting styles that generally help Adolescents with drug abuse
tendencies... N: B.. These researches/discoveries might be contextualized to Dagoretti
Ensure that your background of study reflects that drug abuse is prevalent among residents in the
chosen area
Research and conceptualize the concept of inductive and deductive logic…
Problem Statement: A single paragraph that is deductive (i.e. from general to particular)..
explaining why suicidal tendencies are a problem in Dagoretti
Deductive: Global, Kenya then Dagoretti…
Inductive: From Dagoretti to Kenya then Global..
  Effects of authoritative

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction/Background of the research:

This chapter is made up of the background of the study, a statement of the problem, general

objectives, and specific objectives, research questions, the significance of the study,

justification of the study, assumptions, limitations, and delimitations.

Justifying why the problem is worth researching, looking at how wide the problem is from the

global stage to Kenya and to the area in question.

What are the four major parenting styles?

Research begun by developmental psychologist Diana Baumrind in the 1960s identified three
main parenting styles—authoritarian, indulgent, and authoritative. Later studies added a fourth—
neglectful. Every parent does not neatly fit into one of these four categories but they describe the
approaches of many.
Authoritarian parenting:
An authoritarian parent seeks to maintain a high level of control over their children. They may
set and adhere to a strict set of rules and are more likely to support and take part in corporal
punishment such as spanking. Children of highly authoritarian parents may struggle socially and
may be likely to become authoritarian parents themselves.
Neglectful parenting:
Neglectful parents (also known as uninvolved or disengaged) take on a limited parenting role.
They may not spend as much time as other parents in conversation, play, or other activities, and
may not bother to set many house rules. Some children of neglectful parents may resist rules
outside of the home and struggle with self-control.
Indulgent (or permissive) parenting:
Indulgent (or permissive) parents may be attentive and warm, but may not set many rules for
their children. They may prioritize being their child’s friend over being their parent. Research
suggests that the children of permissive parents may show higher levels of creativity but may
also feel entitled, and be more interested in taking rather than giving in their own relationships.
Authoritative parenting:
Authoritative parents follow what is widely understood as the preferred approach. Such parents
are more pragmatic and flexible. They set clear boundaries but also encourage children’s
independence within those limits. Discipline in such families may be more supportive than
punitive, and as children get older, their independence increases. Children of authoritative
parents may have more highly developed self-control and self-reliance.
 The Problem Statement:

Here becomes more specific exposing the knowledge and practice gaps on how parenting styles
relate to drug abuse amongst the youths in the area. One or two paragraphs is enough for this

Purpose of Study

Here you convert your topic to a big goal by simply converting the topic into objectives by
breaking the topic into three or four objectives.
To determine the relationship between parenting styles and drug abuse amongst the youth of
Dagoretti shopping center, Kikuyu sub-county, Kiambu county – Kenya

Research objectives:

State the four types of parenting styles and how they each contribute to drug abuse amongst the
youth of Dagoretti shopping center

Significance of the study:

This is based on why the research is significant,

Delimitations of the research

Limitations of the research

The study anticipates facing some challenges during his data collection processes such as time
and finance to enable him to collect a larger scope. The limitation of the study is its limited
generalizability (Bisen 2009, 2).
 Definition of Key Terms:

Drug
Relationship:
Youth
Parenting styles
Drug abuse

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review:
 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter describes the methodology and procedure employed for data collection and analysis

of the findings for the study titled “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING STYLES

AND DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTH IN DAGORETTI SHOPPING CENTRE, KIKUYU

SUB-COUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY - KENYA.” The method and procedure include research

design, population, sample and sampling techniques, instrument for data collection, validity and

reliability of the instrument, procedure for data collection, and method of data analysis.

Entry Procedure:

The researcher adopted a quantitative method. It is designed to study THE RELATIONSHIP

BETWEEN PARENTING STYLES AND DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTH IN DAGORETTI

SHOPPING CENTRE, KIKUYU SUB-COUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY – KENYA. The survey

covers a specific population.

Research Population
The research population covers the Youth In Dagoretti Shopping Centre, Kikuyu Sub-County,

Kiambu County – Kenya.

Sample Size and Sampling Procedure

The sample size of the study was made up of 100 youths within the Dagoretti Shopping Centre,

Kikuyu Sub-County, Kiambu County - Kenya. (Sample cut across the five fields randomly

selected from…………….). This selection is based on the fact that Parenting Styles are a major

factor in Drug Abuse Among Youth In Dagoretti Shopping Centre, Kikuyu Sub-County, Kiambu

County - Kenya.
Table 1: Characteristics of Sample:

Table 1 above showed the characteristics of the sample of the respondents. Regarding to gender,

four hundred and one (401) respondents representing 67 percent were males while one hundred

and ninety-seven (197), representing 32.9 percent, were females. The age range of the

respondents was represented. It was discovered that sixty-three (63) respondents representing

10.6 percent were within 20 to 30 years; two hundred and fifteen (215) representing 36.1pecent

were of 31-40 years; two hundred and thirty-two (232) representing 39.0percent were of 41-50

years; while eighty-one (81) representing 13.6 percent were of 51-60 years, and four (4)

representing 0.7 percent were of 61 years and above. With regards to theological qualifications

of the respondents, ninety-three (93) representing 46.5 percent were of the bachelor degree;
sixty-four (64) representing 32.0 percent were of Master’s degree, and forty-three (43)

representing 21.5 percent were of the doctorate degree.

Concerning the years in church service, two hundred and seventy-one (271) respondents

representing 45.9percent were of 1-10 years; one hundred and seventy-nine (179) representing

30.3 percent were of 11-20 years; forty-nine (49) representing 8.3 percent were also of 21-30

years; while sixty (60) representing 10.2 percent were of 31-40 years, and thirty-two (32)

representing 5.4 percent were of 41 and above. Similarly, the academic qualifications of the

respondents were classified, as shown in the above table. Ninety-one (91) respondents

representing 15.6 percent were of the First School Leaving Certificate; fifty-four (54)

representing 9.3% were of the GCE O’ Level; one hundred and nine (109) representing

18.7percent were of the GCE A’ Level; two hundred and eighty-seven (287) representing

49.2percent were of the HND and BA category; while twenty-five (25) representing 4.3 percent

were of the Masters class and seventeen (17) were of the PhD category.

Research Instrument for Data Collection

The instrument used for data collection in this study consists of a questionnaire and an interview

guide. The researcher designed a questionnaire with open-ended questions and with the aid of

supervisors' approval, investigation was earned out on the the importance of pastoral counselling

intervention in mitigating ministerial indiscipline. The preliminary segment of the instruments

comprises the respondents' biodata information. The second segment contained inquiries planned

for discovering the general issues relating to ministerial indiscipline among Baptist pastors of the

Cameroon Baptist Convention.

Validity and Reliability of the Instrument

The researcher drafted the instrument and presented it to experts, especially statisticians in the

field of social research. Scholars in the related fields were also served with copies of the

instrument with the study's aims and objectives. The corrected documents were presented to the

supervising committee for necessary corrections, modifications, or adjustment.

Reliability is the capability of measurement to maintain consistency over time (Ogudare

2010, 113). To establish this instrument's reliability, a reliability test was carried out through a

pilot study of 20 respondents from different members who were not part of the targeted

population. Split-half method was used, and Cronbach’s Alpha method of reliability was adopted

to ascertain the instrument's reliability. The correlation coefficient ‘r’ of the test is 0.767, or 76.7

percent to prove that a positive correlation was achieved using the SPSS.

Data Collection Strategies

Duplicates of the questionnaire were administered to the pastors and members of the Cameroon

Baptist Convention. The researcher used assistants who helped in distributing the questionnaires.

These were pastors and some Christians trained by the researcher for that purpose. Those

assistants were carefully informed about the objectives and aims of the study. The research

questions were explained in detail to those research assistants A list of persuasive information on

some specific points was handed over to each assistant alongside copies of the questionnaire to

avoid costly mistakes. The researcher also monitored the process through a series of visitations

and calls to enhance the proper collection of data and reduce response’s error.

Data Analysis Procedure

Descriptive statistics were used to organize, summarize and describe the data. It describes the

characteristics of variables in concise and meaningful quantifiable terms. Statistical Package for
Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed to calculate the responses of the respondents represented

in frequency and percentage for easy assessment and interpretation.

Ethical Consideration:

References