Session 3

coefts

I
a a ,z

I
an
....
,
a ;
j
Azazz azn
....

A = ↑ <
row column
dim , "me ...
amm
index .

ith now now index fixed

(ai , . .
. -

dim) =
~i

i-th column column inde fixed

I as) =
i

(A)i .
=-
dis .. welt im
S
row ;
-

--
coramng
 operations on motices -

T Additio far z (mxm)

(A
B)ij
+

dis+ bij
=

Ex :

(i) + (68) =

(ii)

1455 +
(8 !iI =
(! =)
-

Multiply by sadar

(A) ij
=

said

Ex :

4(bi) =

(i)
NB :
Now u : t (R
,
c (R
;

Ruter dij C ,
c K .

·
Multipl two ma tice
A B
(mxl) (ex n)

AB .
(m + M)
l

(B) is =
I
5 1
dij bik
Vix1)c, (B)
=

[2 = 2) (2x3)
Ex :

(i) ( : S (2) -

low do compute
(AR) is (B)
W

=
~
=
(A) ·c .

,
 (( + n) (mx1) - (A)

...., !) E (a m
=

,
Yix :

E =
() i ( ! # =

set back as mchix mult

14. , Y --Y , )
!
:

14 B X
xn)
-

AR =
E ,
Ys Xis
= i

special cose

((xn)(m x)) dot brodact .

->(x1)
(m + n)(n x 1) -
()
rectan
A .
x =

(n) m -
can
 (Ax) =

Ea :, X,
T I
un
nects .

i
=

- Mahix becomes a
map :

IR
*
-> IRM

Product makes semse .

(mxe) (ex n) (mxn) RY BRI IR e

ABX = A(Bx ) -
AB
A(Bx) (BX) =

Ibizxk
j
A(BX)i =

Eu (x =
,; ,
j

↳ai bis
I
; k

z(dijiz) R

e
(A) ; k

ABX
(exe)(exm) (nx1, - ( m + 1)
Special !

(mx1)(1 = m) - (m x
m)

C C
0 I !

(0)(0(0)
Ex !
=
0 ⑧ a

(2 + 1)(1 =
3) -
(2 x v)

ei=(ii)= it .
(e efme ,
=
ite

rui
meti-s

Lats at compatibilities
621 + B) = c A +
c B .

CEIR
2(A -

B) =
(at) -

B =
A -

cB)
A(B +
C) =
A B +
BC . --

A ,B ,
C

(nx)(lxk)(ex k)
 A B = B + 1 ni j bij
=

bij + a
;;
+ +

im general
A IBA only mcles sense it

(n 7 x l)(lx n) AB - m = M
-
BA
(lxm) (m + 1)
M
=
m

Ex :

(80)(9i) (d)
A
#
=

(98)(id) (89) =
BA

(8) (ii) =
( ! e) =
+
Iz

296)( i ! )
-
=
(02) =
-
Iz

(86)(86) = (88) =
02

I assac
 special motion

0 -metix
(0) i , 0e ) Man)
=
.

m
,

A + 0 = A

square
In

[ !
i j
(In)i; =

5ij =

i = j ↑

A m x M

Alm =
A

Im A
=
A

(i) (! ) =
(ii)
(a) ( !i ) =
( !)

Eij() E
, j
- ) =

In
A
m +n
↑ unda
 (ii)(n) (58) =

E ,
(2) A does now operation :

~ han left .

(90) (44) =
(a4)
Pi ;
P In =

Pi undaes P;j

CA multiplies all wows .

(ii)(i) =
(2)
2 Send now

E , (d) EicHd) =

In d0

Exi(62)(di) =
( ! i)
 now ojections ko left .

L
-
,
0
-
0
, )A
-
wite openctions this wor .

Last thing : A(m +

A is called a left inverse +o B

B is night 4 to A -

Invese Al
-
NB :
only works it
At =
Ii I
In
-
A is (m = n)
A A =

In
n= m

ice interpretation of
Ax =
x
,
4
,
- -n +

An

ax ,
I I
+ ... . + a
, ntr
-

dest -..... +
Ummm
-

(att ....
(e
=
(i ,
) --- Am
Can a