Chapter 2

Nationalism in India
In 1885, Congress
India’s First In 1870 Bankim was formed in
Freedom Struggle Mumbai. W.C.
Chandra composed Banerjee chaired the
took place in 1857. Vande Matram. rst meeting of
Congress.

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In 1906, Aaga Khan
and Nawab In 1905, Abanindra In 1905, Lord

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Salimullah Nath Tagore made a Curzon proposed the
established Muslim Portrait of Bharat division of Bengal.
League. Mata.

In 1907, Congress
was divided into
extremists and
moderate. ID
In 1911, Delhi
Durbar was
organized.
Bengal Division was
abolished in Delhi
Durbar.
U
YG

In Delhi Durbar
In 1915, Mahatama capital was
In 1914, First World
Gandhi returned to transferred from
War started.
India. (Calcutta) Kolkatta
to Delhi
D

In 1916, Mahatma In 1917, Mahatma

Gandhi started In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi
Gandhi organized started Satyagrah for
Champaran
U

Satyagrah for Craftsman of Cotton Textile

Satyagrah in Protest farmers in Kheda
of Indigo plantation. mill Gujarat.
Gujarat.
ST

The British
In 1919, British
Government turned 1918, the rst World
Government gave
down the demand of War ended.
Rawlatt Act.
Self rule of Indian.

Class X - Social Science 10

 On 13 April 1919, In 1919, the Khilafat In 1920, Mahatama
Jallianwala Bagh movement was started Gandhi started non-
massacre took Place in by Muhammad Ali and cooperation movement.
Punjab. Shaukat Ali.

60
In 1928, Simon In 1922, Mahatma
on August 9, 1925
Commission came to Gandhi withdrew the
revolutionaries in
India. Lala Lajpart Rai non-cooperation
Kakori looted the train
was killed while movement after the
carrying English
protesting. violence took place at
treasure.

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Chauri-chaura.

on April 8, 1929 Bhagat on 6 April 1930,

on 12 March 1930,
Mahatma Gandhi broke

ID
singh and Batukeshwar Mahatma Gandhi started
Dutt threw a bomb in the Salt Law and started
the march from
the assembly. Civil-disobedience
Sabarmati to Dandi.
Movement at Dandi.
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In 1931 Gandhi-Irwin
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On 23rd March 1931, In 1930, Dr. Ambedkar

pact was signed and
Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev organized Scheduled
Civil disobedience
and Rajguru was caste into depressed
movement was
hanged. Classes Association.
suspended.
D

In 1931, Mahatma
Gandhi participated in In 1932, Poona Pact was
In 1933, Choudhary
Second round table signed between
Rahmat Ali rst coined
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conference but did not get Mahatma Gandhi and

the idea of Pakistan.
expected success. Dr. Ambedkar.
ST

In 1940, A resolution In 1935, Indian

was passed by muslim Government Act was
1939 World war II was
League for seprate passed and regional
started.
homeland for muslims government was formed.
named Pakistan.

11 Class X - Social Science

 In 1942, the Quit India In 1946, Cabinet
IN 1945, USA dropped
movement was started by Mission came to India
nuclear Bomb on Japan
Mahatma Gandhi. He with the proposal of
and Second World War
gave the slogan ‘Do or constituent assembly.
was ended.
Die’.

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India became
independent on August

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15th, 1947.

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Some Intersting Facts

l At the time when India was free, Britain’s Prime minister was Clement Atlee.
l Subhash Chandra Bose gave the slogan “Give me Blood, I will give you
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freedom” and “Delhi Chalo”.
l Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the slogan “Swaraj is my birth right and I shall
have it”.
YG

l Chandrashekar Azad gave the slogan “Ab bhi jiska khoon na khola khoon nahi
wo Pani hai”.
l Ram Prasad gave the slogan “Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamare dil main hai,
dekhna hai zor kitna baazu-e-khati main hain”.
l Bhagat Singh gave the slogan “Inqlaab zindabad”.
D

l Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya gave the slogan of “Satyameva Jayate”.

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1 Mark Questions
Q.1 When was the Rowlatt Act Passed?
ST

1. 1912 2. 1914 3. 1919 4. 1920

Q.2 When did First World War begin?
1. 1910 2. 1914 3. 1917 4. 1919
Q.3 Where did Mahatma Gandhi launch the rst Satyagrah in India?
1. Champaran 2. Kheda 3. Delhi 4. Calcutta

Class X - Social Science 12

 Q.4 Who is the author of book “Hind Swaraj”?
1. Jawahar Lal Nehru 2. Vallabh Bhai Patel 3. Mahatma Gandhi 4. Baba
Ramchander
Q.5 Who was the founder of “Depressed Classes Association”?
1. Baba Ram Chander 2. Bhim Rao Ambedkar 3. Jawahar lal Nehru
4, Shaukat Ali

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Q. 6 After which of the following event, Mahatma Gandhi abruptly withdrew
the Non-Cooperation Movement?
1. Jaliawalan Bagh Masscare 2. Rowllat Act 3. Chauri-Chaura

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4. Dandi March
Q.7 Who was the founder of Muslim League?
1. Shaukat Ali Khan 2. Muhammad Ali 3. Both are correct
4.Both are wrong

ID
Q.8 Who is the author of book “Discovery of India’?
1. Jawahar Lal Nehru 2. Bhim Rao Ambedkar 3. Mahatama Gandhi
4. Baba Ramchander
U
Q.9 Fill in the Blank.
In.....................................Session congress demanded complete
Independence.
YG

Q. 10 Fill in the Blank.

First president of Indian National Congress Was................
Q. 11 Fill in the Blank.
Muslim league was formed in ....................
D

Q.12 Fill in the Blank.

In 1919 Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali started ..................movement in
India.
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Q.13 Fill in the Blank.

In.................................Civil Disobedience Movement was withdrawn.
ST

Q. 14 Which of the following statements are True about Alluri Sitaram Raju.
1. He was leader of tribal movement in Gudem hills in Andhra Pradesh.
2. He persuaded the tribal people to wear khadi and give up drinking.
3. He started a militant Guerrilla Movement.
4. All the statements are correct.

13 Class X - Social Science

 Q.15 Write the correct statement.
On 13 April 1920, Jaliawala Bagh massacre took Place in Punjab.
Q.16 Who created the first image of Bharat Mata?
Q.17 Who composed the song Vande Mataram?
Q.18 Where was the Indian National Congress formed?
Q.19 Who Started the Awadh Kisan Sabha?
Q.20 What do you mean by the word Satyagrah?

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Q.21 What do you understand by the word Swadeshi?
Q.22 Why did the British government curtail the freedom of Press after 1857?
Q.23 In Madras who published massive four volume collection of Tamil folk
tales?

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Q.24 When was the second round table conference held?
Q.25 why was Rowlatt act called as an oppressive legislation?
Answers
1. 1919
2. 1914
3. Champaran
4. Mahatma Gandhi
5. Bhim Rao Ambedkar ID
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6. Chauri-Chaura
7. Both are wrong.
8. Jawahar Lal Nehru
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9. 1929, Lahore .
10. W.C Banerjee .
11. 1906.
12. Khilafat Movement .
13. 1931
14. All the fact are true.
D

15. 13 April 1919.

16. Abindra nath Tagore
17. Bankim Chandra
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18. Mumbai
19. Baba Ramchandra
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20. Emphasis on the power of Truth. .

21. Focus on product which was prepared in own country.
22. To curb the Arousing spirit of Nationalism.
23. The Folklore of Southern India
24. 1931
25. Under this act political prisoners could be kept in jail for two years without
trial.

Class X - Social Science 14

 3/5MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Why was Non cooperation launched? How the notion of Swaraj was
perceived by various strata in the society?
2. What were the reasons for starting the Khilafat Movement?
3. Under what circumstances Civil disobedience movement was called off?
4. How did the First World War help in the growth of nationalist movement in

60
India
5. This sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of
united struggles role of folklore, songs, icons & images" Analyse the
statement.

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6. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju? Explain his role in inspiring the rebels with
Gandhijis ideas?
7. Why did Gandhiji choose 'Salt' as the symbol of his Civil Disobedience
Movement?
8. Write down the features of Civil Disobedience movement. How was this

ID
different from Non cooperation Movement?
9. Discuss the role of women in the Civil Disobedience Movement?
10. Why did Indians oppose Simon Commission?
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ANSWERS 3/5MARKS QUESTIONS
st
1. i) Atrocities on Indians after World War I
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ii) Refusal of demand of Swaraj.

iii) Passing of Rowlatt Act
iv) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
v) Congress passed resolution on Non Cooperation Movement with
thumping majority
D

Notion of Swaraj
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1. The movement in towns

2. Rebellion in the country side
3. Swaraj in the plantations
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2. i) Humiliating terms of treaty of Versailles on Khalifas ii) Lucknow Pact

iii) Starting of Non cooperation by the congress along with khilafat
movement
3. i) Crackdown on Satyagrahis
ii) Brutal suppression and many leaders were arrested
iii) Gandhi Irwin Pact
15 Class X - Social Science
 4. i) War created a new political and economic situation. It led to an
increase in expenditure.
ii) The war led to a price rise and hardship for common people.
iii) War led to forced recruitment of people .
iv) Acute Shortage of food led to famine and misery .
v) Indians began to realize that they were drawn in a war unnecessarily.

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This feeling united Indians against the British.
5. i) In late 19th century, Indian Nationalist began recording folk tales
sung by bards and toured village together .
ii) The tales they believed gave true picture of traditional culture that

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was damaged by outside forces .
iii) It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover the
National Identity .
iv) It restored a sense of pride in one's past during Swadeshi Movement,
a tricolor flag was designed representing eight provinces through

v)
ID
eight lotuses and a crescent moon symbolizing Hindu-Muslim unity
Later Gandhiji developed tricolor flag (Red, Green and White) with a
spinning wheel at center representing self-help. Carrying the flag
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became a symbol of defiance.
vi) This image of Bharat Mata was first created by Bankim Chandra
Chatopadhyay. In 1870 he wrote Vande Mataram a hymn to the
YG

mother land. Abanindranath Tagore in his painting portrayed Bharat

Mata as calm, ascetic figure, composed, divine and spiritual
6. i) Alluri Sita Ram Raju was a tribal leader in the Gudem hills of Andhra
Pradesh
ii) He started a militant Guerilla Movement in the early 1920s.
D

iii) The tribal people were enraged by the British policy, but when the
government began forcing them to contribute 'begar for road
building, the hill people revolted.
U

iv) Raju inspired the hill people. He talked on the greatness of Mahatma
Gandhi.
v) Inspired by Gandhiji's Non Cooperation Movement, he persuaded
ST

people to wear Khadi and give up drinking. But at the same time he
did not believe in Non Violence, he thought that India could be
liberated only by the use of force.
7. i) Salt is consumed by both the poor and the rich, and is one of the most
essential items of food everywhere in the world.

Class X - Social Science 16

 ii) The British government had the monopoly on the production of salt
in India
iii) By imposing a 'salt tax' the government hit both the rich and the poor,
specially the poor. Gandhiji thought it was the most repressive Act of
the British government and choose to defy it by breaking the "Salt

60
Law".
8. i) Movement started with Salt March
ii) Thousands broke salt law

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iii) Foreign clothes boycotted
iv) Liquor shops were picketed
v) Peasants refused to pay taxes
People were now asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British ,

9.
but also to break colonial laws.
i)
ID
Women participation was in large scale
ii) Participated in protest marches , manufactured salt
U
iii) Picketed foreign cloths and liquor shops
iv) Began to see service to the nation as their sacred duty
YG

10. i) No mention of reform

ii) Not even a single Indian was there.
iii) The Indian people felt offended by the commission.
iv) The fear that the British would lord it over them, without giving serious
D

thought to their interests.

3/5 Marks questions
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Q.11 Plantation workers had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi’s

ideas and the notion of ‘Swaraj’. Support the statement.
ST

Q.12 How did a variety of cultural processes play an important role in making
of nationalism in India? Explain with examples.
Q.13 “Not all social groups were moved by the abstract concept of “Swaraj”.
Support the statement in the light of of Civil Disobedience Movement in
1930s.

17 Class X - Social Science

 Answer
Q.11 Plantation workers had their own meaning of Swaraj.
· Right to move freely in and out of the conned space.
· Retaining a link with the village from which they had come.
· When they heard of the Non-cooperation movement, thousand of workers
deed authorities, left the plantation.

60
· They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming every one would be given land in
their own villages.
Q. 12
· Sense of collective belonging come through the experience of united

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struggle.
· Variety of cultural processes through which nationalism captured peoples’
imagination.
· History, ction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbol played

ID
important role in making of nationalism.
· Identity of nation is most often symbolized in a gure or an image.
· It helped to create an image with which people can identify the nation.
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Q.13 Not all social groups were moved by the abstract concept of Swaraj.
· Many Schedule Castes and tribes came together under the umbrella of
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Depressed Class movement.

· Many leaders of these classes demanded their political representation
through Reservation.
· Many Muslim Leaders expressed their concern about the status of Muslim
as a minority of India.
D

· They feared their culture and identity be submerged under the domination of
majority.
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Practice Questions
Q.1 How did people belonging to different communities, regions or language
groups develop a sense of - collective belonging?
ST

Q.2 What were the effects of Non-Cooperation movement on the economic

front?
Q.3 What were the reason of gradual slowing down of the Non-cooperation
Movement in the cities?
Q.4 Evaluate the role of Women in Different movement in India?
Q.5 Write a short note on ‘Poona Pact’.
Class X - Social Science 18
 ST
Amritsar
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D
YG
Ahmedabad

19
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ID
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Class X - Social Science

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