Eliminación Ayunas Precontraste IV
Eliminación Ayunas Precontraste IV
Eliminación Ayunas Precontraste IV
¿Son necesarias
las ayunas?
Diabetes
HTA
Cardiopatía isquémica Contradictorio
Retraso Malestar
Si en Urgencias no
prescribimos ayunas,
¿por qué sí a los
pacientes de estudios
programados?
¿Son necesarias
las ayunas?
Búsqueda en Pub-
Med, guías clínicas y
Sociedades
científicas
9 artículos
1 guía clínica
1 protocolo sociedad
científica
Must the patient fast before intravascular injection of a non-ionic contrast ESUR guidelines on
medium? Results of a controlled study [in German]. Wagner HJ, Evers JP, contrast agents
Hoppe M, Klose KJ. Rofo 1997;166(5):370–375.
Must the patient fast before intravascular injection of a non-ionic contrast medium? Results of a
controlled study [in German]. Wagner HJ, Evers JP, Hoppe M, Klose KJ. Rofo 1997;166(5):370–375.
• PURPOSE: Prospective evaluation of food and fluid restriction before the intravascular injection
of a non-ionic contrast medium.
• MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1000 patients (657 men, 343 women; average age 59 +/- 1/4 5 years)
undergoing intravascular contrast injections (CT, phlebography, angiography, urography) were
randomly allocated to two groups. Group A had no fluid or solids for at least four hours before
the injection (499 cases); group B were allowed unlimited food and fluid (501 cases). Both
groups were comparable in all other respects and all were given the non-ionic contrast medium
iopamidol (300 mg l/ml).
Must the patient fast before intravascular injection of a non-ionic contrast medium? Results of a
controlled study [in German]. Wagner HJ, Evers JP, Hoppe M, Klose KJ. Rofo 1997;166(5):370–375.
• RESULTS: The incidence of acute complications was 3.5%. There was, however, no statistically
significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.29). Late adverse reactions were seen in
3.9% patients. There was again no difference between the two groups (p = 0.33). No serious or
life threatening complications occurred.
• CONCLUSION: Restriction of food and fluid before intravascular injection of contrast medium
does not reduce the number of adverse side effects. For reasons of patient comfort and
compliance, and to achieve adequate hydration, the patient should not fast before injection of
contrast.
• PURPOSE: To evaluate the evidence on the value of preparative fluid fasting for patients undergoing
elective computed tomography (CT) with intravenous administration of contrast material and to
survey leading institutions in a number of countries on their current policies in this regard.
• MATERIALS AND METHODS:
- First, 20 keyword combinations were entered
into Medline to ascertain the correlation
between fluid ingestion preceding contrast
material-enhanced CT and development of
aspiration pneumonia.
- Second, a multinational survey was conducted
about the length of preparative fasting protocols,
if any, for fluids and solids that they recommend
to patients before elective non-gastrointestinal
contrast-enhanced CT.
• RESULTS:
- Aspiration was not noted in any of 2001 patients (13 studies in the literature) who underwent
contrast-enhanced CT after fluid ingestion.
- Data were available from 69 (86.3%) of 80 institutions queried (17 Korean, 14 U.S., 11 French, 10
Australian, 10 German, and seven Egyptian hospitals). Two-thirds (14 of 21 [66.7%]) of the French and
German hospitals had a no-restriction policy for both fluids and solids, while Australian hospitals had
a policy liberal about fluids (no restrictions in eight of 10 [80%]) only.
- Policies on fluids were variable in Korea, the United States, and Egypt (restrictions of 0-8 hours, 0-4
hours, and 0-6 hours, respectively), as were policies on solids in Korea, the United States, Australia,
and Egypt (restrictions of 0-8 hours, 0-6 hours, 0 to 4-6 hours, and 0 hours to overnight, respectively).
The length of fasting was longer for solids than for fluids in 20 hospitals.
• DISCUSION:
• CONCLUSION: There is little evidence that ingestion of clear inert fluid prior to contrast-
enhanced CT is a cause of aspiration pneumonia; the length of fasting is variable in any country,
being much longer in some hospitals than in others.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of abolishing instructions to fast prior to contrast-
enhanced CT on acute adverse reactions (AARs).
METHODS:
RESULTS:
• One fourth of NPO orders are inappropriate, and the intended procedure or study is canceled
20% of the time usually for a change in plans or scheduling error and rarely because of
patient eating. For the imaging studies, 10.5% of cases where patients are kept NPO end up
being canceled.
• Prolonged fasting reduces patient cooperation and satisfaction, and may contribute to a
higher rate of complications.
Guidelines published by the American Association of Anesthesiologists have been notoriously
conservative in their preparative fasting recommendations [12–14]. Their most recent set of guidelines
published in 2017 continues to recommend a minimum fast of two hours after drinking clear liquids, four
hours for breast milk, six hours for infant formula, and eight hours following ingestion of a light meal [14].
These guidelines represented a revision of those published earlier in 1999 and 2011 [12, 13], with very
little change made in their recommendations for the duration of preparative fasting, despite evidence
from 22 randomized controlled trials in the interim indicating that the fasting interval could be shortened
without an increase in adverse events [15]. In contrast, the European Society of Urogenital Radiology in
2018 over the same time period revised their guidelines eliminating restrictions on liquid or solid food
• Clinicians should take care to avoid NPO orders which dictate periods of fasting that
are inappropriate, poorly indicated, or excessively prolonged.
Liu H, Liu Y, Zhao L, Li X, Zhang W. Preprocedural fasting for contraste-enhanced CT: when experience meets evidence. Insights Imaging. 2021
Dec 4;12(1):180. doi: 10.1186/s13244-021-01131-1. Review. PubMed PMID: 34865183; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8643287.
EN RESUMEN….
• Con los nuevos contrastes iodados no iónicos de baja osmolaridad, los efectos secundarios
gastrointestinales son excepcionales.
• Las ayunas aumentan la incidencia de efectos adversos: náuseas y vómitos, incluso el riesgo
de neumonía por aspiración.
• Tampoco hay evidencia científica que sostenga la necesidad de ayunar en todos los estudios de
RM con el uso de gadolinio intravenoso.
¿Son necesarias las
ayunas?
- Jefe de Servicio
- Supervisora de
enfermería
Actualización del 9 artículos
protocolo de 1 guía clínica
ayunas 1 protocolo sociedad científica
3
TC RM
Según indicación
de Anestesia
Neoplasia Mama
estómago / Abdominal
Musculoesquelético
páncreas. Resto Pélvica(genitourinario)
Neurorradiología
Colono y Cardiaca
Cabeza y cuello
Entero-TC
NO NO
Ayunas Ayunas
ayunas ayunas
¿Y el gastrografín oral?
litro de agua 1 h antes del estudio y otro litro en las horas siguientes.
Gastrografín SÍ en:
• Sospecha de perforación, fístula o fuga digestiva.
• Postoperatorio de tubo digestivo (salvo sospecha de hemorragia aguda).
• Sospecha de carcinomatosis.
• Pacientes con cirugía bariátrica y clínica de posible complicación.
• Sospecha de hernia interna.
• Estadificación de neoplasia de colon.
• Estadificación y seguimiento de neoplasia de ovario.
• En otras en las que el radiólogo considere que está indicado.
- Sin embargo, puede tomar LÍQUIDOS CLAROS (agua, infusiones y zumos sin pulpa), ya que se
recomienda estar bien hidratado.
- Es importante que beba 1 litro de agua durante la hora antes de la prueba y 1 litro en las horas
siguientes a la prueba.
- NUNCA interrumpa su medicación oral habitual. Puede tomarla a la hora que le toque con un vaso de
agua.
- Si para la realización del estudio es necesario realizar una preparación específica, siga las instrucciones
recibidas.
INFORMACIÓN PARA EL PACIENTE QUE NO NECESITA AYUNAS:
- Se le va a realizar una prueba que NO NECESITA AYUNAS.
- Quizás esta prueba se la han realizado antes y ha tenido que venir en ayunas. No se preocupe,
recientemente hemos eliminado las ayunas en la mayoría de nuestros estudios porque no son
necesarias.
- Es importante que beba 1 litro de agua durante la hora antes de la prueba y 1 litro en las horas
siguientes a la prueba.
- Es importante que siga tomando su mediación habitual sin cambios. Puede tomarla a la hora que le
toque con un vaso de agua.
4
• Supervisores
2ªFASE enfermería de + Pacientes
(01/04/2022) planta Hospitalizados
¿Son necesarias las
ayunas?
- Personal de
Radiología
- Supervisores de
enfermería de
planta
9 artículos
Actualización protocolo de 1 guía clínica
ayunas 1 protocolo sociedad
científica
5
TC y RM con nuevo protocolo de ayunas (marzo-diciembre 2022)
10000
9000
8000 12.232
7000 pacientes
3650 pacientes NO
ambulatorios
6000 han tomado
GASTROGRAFÍN
5000
4000
3000 2879
2000 pacientes
hospitalizados
1000
0
TC ambulatorio TC hospitalización RM ambulatoria RM hospitalización
(9180) (1713) (3052) (1166)
INDICADORES DE RESULTADOS
• Cuantificación de pacientes que han realizado ayunas y/o han tomado gastrografín
sin prescripción, como indicador de falta de difusión del nuevo protocolo.
• Realizar ayunas implica una serie de actos que pueden perjudicar al paciente,
y no realizarlas conlleva grandes ventajas.
• Lee BY, Ok JJ, Abdelaziz Elsayed AA, Kim Y, Han DH. Preparative fasting for contrast-enhanced CT: reconsideration.
Radiology. 2012 May;263(2):444-50. doi: 10.1148/radiol.12111605
• Barbosa PNVP, Bitencourt AGV, Tyng CJ, Cunha R, Travesso DJ, Almeida MFA, Chojniak R. JOURNAL CLUB:
Preparative Fasting for Contrast-Enhanced CT in a Cancer Center: A New Approach. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2018
May;210(5):941- 947.
• Kim YS, Yoon SH, Choi YH, Park CM, Lee W, Goo JM. Nausea and vomiting after exposure to non-ionic contrast media:
incidence and risk factors focusing on preparatory fasting. Br J Radiol. 2018 Jul;91(1087):20180107. doi:
10.1259/bjr.20180107
• European Society of Urogenital Radiology. ESUR guidelines on contrast media ver. 10.0.
http://www.esur.org/fileadmin/content/ 2019/ESUR_Guidelines_10.0_Final_Version.pdf.
• Li X, Liu H, Zhao L, Liu J, Cai L, Zhang L, Liu L, Zhang W. The effect of preparative solid food status on the
occurrence of nausea, vomiting and aspiration symptoms in enhanced CT examination: prospective
observational study. Br J Radiol. 2018 Oct;91(1090):20180198.
9
• Tsushima Y, Seki Y, Nakajima T. et alls. The effect of abolishing instructions to fast prior to contrast-enhanced CT on the
incidence of acute adverse reactions. Insights into imaging. 2020. 11 (113).
• Neeman Z, Ata M, Touma E, Saliba W et alls. Is fasting still necessary prior to contrast-enhanced computed tomography? A
randomized clinical study. European Radiology. 2020.
• Liu H, Liu Y, Zhao L, Li X, Zhang W. Preprocedural fasting for contraste-enhanced CT: when experience meets evidence.
Insights Imaging. 2021 Dec 4;12(1):180. doi: 10.1186/s13244-021-01131-1. Review. PubMed PMID: 34865183; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC8643287.
• McClave SA, Marsano-Obando LS. Preparative fasting orders for medical/surgical interventions and imaging studies: time to
review and revise! Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2022 Feb;24(2):37-41. doi: 10.1007/s11894-022-00841-w. Epub 2022 Mar
3. Review. PubMed PMID: 35239128.
• Liu H, Zhao L, Liu J, Lan F, Cai L, Fang J, Li X. Change the preprocedural fasting policy for contrast-enhanced CT: results of
127,200 cases. Insights Imaging. 2022 Feb 24;13(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s13244-022-01173-z. PubMed PMID: 35201528;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8873329.
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Lori Meyers