International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Design and Implementation of RF based Wireless Home Automation

System
Ms. Kavita Katole1, Ms. Prachi Mankar2, Ms. Ruchika Thombare2, Mr. Mohit Kamble2
1Professor, Dept. Of Electronics Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering & Research ,Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India.
2Student, Dept. Of Electronics Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering & Research, Nagpur,

Maharashtra.
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Abstract – Home Automation is not a new concept. The main lives easier. These systems exist of course, but these are
objective of this project is to develop a Home Automation many non-interoperable, expensive and often wired systems.
system with RF controlled Remote. As Technology is advancing Wiring complicate implementation of the home automation
so houses are also getting smarter. Modern Houses are in building which are already built especially in Historical
gradually shifting from conventional switches to centralized ones.
control system, involving RF control switches. This technology
is very easy and mandatory specially for the physically The goal of this project is to develop a secure Home
handicapped people, it is very simple to use. Remote Controlled Automation system that will allow consumer to remotely
Home Automation system provides a simpler solution with RF operate electric home appliances e.g. turning ON/OFF lights
technology in which RF remote is interfaced to the in the users home.
microcontroller on transmitter side which sends ON/OFF
commands to the receiver where loads are connected. By The consumer interacts with the home automation
operating the specified remote switch on the transmitter, the system through computer. This will provide a consumer to
loads can be turned ON/OFF remotely through wireless access and interact with the electronic appliances in the
technology. The microcontroller used here is 8051 family. The home.
loads are interfaced to the microcontroller using Transistors
Examples of practical uses for such home
and Relays.
automation system are smart house, smart range wireless
Key Words: Microcontroller, Relays, Radio Frequency network.
Transmitter and Receiver
2. METHADOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION
The main component of the RF based Home Automation is
Home Automation is the housing extension of building the RF Module. An RF Module is a small electronic circuit
automation system. This system is actually automation the which is used to transmit or receive data wirelessly. RF
residential activity. The trendies of Home Automation has Modules are often used in consumer applications where you
increased tremendously in recent years for the reason of need to remotely control some machines or appliances
higher usability and simplicity by using remote control (Key without making any physical contact with them. RF modules
fob), smart phones and tablet connectivity, Wi-Fi, GSM, do not require line-of-sight operation. Hence, they are often
Bluetooth, Zig-bee, etc. This inability to access and control used instead of infrared remote controls.
the appliances from remote location is one of the major Depending upon the type of application, the RF module is
reason for energy loss. There is a grave need to conserve chosen.
energy in each way possible. A web or an android application
For example, in case of short range wireless control
is used by the consumer to give instruction to these systems.
applications, we can use ASK modulated RF Module of
The home Automation systems provide mutual frequency 315 MHz or 433 MHz RF module generally
interoperability among various electronic, electrical and comprises of an RF Transmitter and an RF Receiver. RF
power appliances as well as interactive interface for people Transmitter is used to transmit the data while the RF
to control their operation. These features are very useful to Receiver is used to receive the data. Here is the Pin
optimize and to economic energy consumption whereby Configuration of the RF Transmitter and Receiver Modules.
saved energy during some few years could make more
money than Home Automation systems implementation cost
easier, especially for elderly persons and persons with
disabilities.

Throughout the history, we have continuously

strived to automate tasks in the home in order to make our

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

input button is triggered on, which converts the input signal

(16-bits binary word) and transmits it in hexadecimal signal
(8-bits word). When the conditional statement is true, the
conditional statement ensures that the transmitter comes
ON and transmits a signal through radio frequency to the
receiver. However, if the conditional statement is false, the
relay is energized and reproduce hexadecimal equivalent of
switch binary inputs by C based conversion which acts as a
loop or feedback.

Start
RF Communication between the Transmitter and Receiver
modules works on the principle of Serial Communication. In
order to transmit or receive the data serially through RF Initialize/
module, we need to interface two ICs named HT-12E and HT- Ready for input
12D.

2.1. Block Diagram Switch Inputs to

Controller
RF remote that is interfaced to microcontroller on
transmitter side .It sends ON/OFF signals to the receiver.
Receivers are connected with loads that can be turned Convert Switch Reproduce
ON/OFF by operating remote switches. I/P to 0x16 hexadecimal
equivalent of
The block diagram of both receiver and transmitter is given switch
below: Send/transmit
binary inputs
Hexadecimal (8-bit word) by C based
conversion

Is word N
sent?

YES
O/P signal is
Fig. Block Diagram of Transmitter transmitted

Stop

Fig. Transmission Unit Flowchart

2.4. Receiver Unit Flowchart

The receiver flow chart comprises of four processes and one

conditional statement. The operation commences when the
circuit is initialized and ready for receiving signal as
indicated in the flow chart shown in figure 2.9. As soon as
Fig. Block Diagram of Receiver signal is sent from the transmitting unit, it is broadcast at
frequency 435MHz. At the receiving unit, the antenna picks
2.3. Transmitter Unit Flowchart
the signal, send it to controller which converts data from hex
The transmitter flow chart comprises of five processes and to binary and trigger relay/switch to start the generator and
one conditional statement. The operation commences when initiate automatic changeover.
the circuit is initialized and ready for input signal as
expressed in the flow chart shown in figure 2.8. The switch

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3944
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Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Start

Initialization

Check for incoming

hex word from TX

Any word NO
received

YES
Binary equivalent of This encoder IC has 2^12 series encoders integrated in it.
hexadecimal word is This IC is mainly used in RF communication. This IC converts
produced 12-bit parallel data to serial data. Out of the 12 bits, 8 bits
are the address bits and 4 bits are data bits.

Relays, switching 2.7. HT-12D IC

and control devices
The HT-12D is a serial decoder IC which is used with RF
receiver for decoding the received serial data back to
Stop original parallel data.

Here is the pin configuration of this IC.

Fig. Receiver Unit Flow Chart

2.5. Relay Driver

In general, while designing electronics projects the loads are

controlled (switched ON or OFF) using microcontroller
block. But, for this purpose the circuit requires relays for
controlled switches and isolation from high voltage
operating appliances as well. Depending on the signals
received from the microcontroller or other control circuits
the relay controls the load. The required current to run the
relay coil is more than can be supplied by microcontrollers
.So, drivers provides sufficient current relay needs to
operate.

2.6. HT-12E IC

The HT-12E is an encoder IC which is used with the RF

transmitter for encoding the conventional n-bit data i.e. 4- Similar to the encoder IC, the HT-12D Decoder IC has 2^12
bit, 8-bit or 16-bit data in to serial data for data series decoders integrated in it. It can decode 12-bit serial
transmission. data of which 8 bits are the address and 4 bits are the data
bits.
Here is the pin configuration of this IC.
3. CONCLUSIONS

This project could be design in nature by using handy

portable key fob family. The cost of the project is also not
that high and it is also take less time to consume. This project
can be useful for the people who want to use unconventional
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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

way to use switches and that can help to reduce exceeding

use of energy and power, such as electricity. So overall it
could be a beneficiary project for the practical, busy and
urban life. However, this project can be upgraded by using
GSM modern, which can control home appliances by sending
an SMS. Benefits of using this technology is there will not be
any range limitation compared to RF technology.

REFERENCES

[1] Laur I., “Microcontroller based home automation system

with security”, International Journal of Advanced Computer
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[2] D. S. Tudose, A. Voinescu and M.-T. Petrareanu, “Home

automation design using 6LoWPAN wireless sensor
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Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems
(DCOSS ’11), (2011) June, pp. 1–6.

[3] Santosh.M.Nejakar “Wireless Infrared Remote Controller

for Multiple Home Appliances” International Journal of
Electrical and Electronics Research. Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 25-35,
Month January-March 2014.

[4] Kim Baraka, Marc Ghobril, Sami Malek, RouwaidaKanj,

AymanKayssi,” SmartPower Management System For Home
Appliances And Wellness Based On Wireless Sensors
Network And Mobile Technology”, ,2015 XVIII AISEM Annual
Conference, 978-1-4799-8591-3/15©2015 IEEE

[5]YunCui, MyoungjinKim, YiGu, Jong-jinJung, and HankuLee,

“Home Appliance Management System for Monitoring
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