Ex No: 01 Socket Programming Using TCP Sockets

Date:

AIM:
To write a C Program to implement a simple socket program using TCP
sockets.

ALGORITHM:

TCP server:
Step 1: Create a TCP socket using SOCK_STREAM.
sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
Step 2: Specify the family, port and address for the server.
Step 3: Bind the address and port to ensure the association of bidirectional
information.
Step 4: listen to the client using l = listen(sid, 5).
Step 5: Accept the connection from the client using
a = accept(sid, (struct sockadd *) &cliaddr, &clilen)
Step 6: Receive the message from the client using
r = recv (sid, buffer, 1023)
Step 7: Print the message in the buffer
Step 8: Close the socket.
Step 9: Stop the process.

TCP client:
Step 1: Create a TCP socket using SOCK_STREAM
cd = socket(AF_INF, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
Step 2: Get the host name by using
h = gethostbyname( argv[1])

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Step 3: Connect to the server using
c = connect (sid, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)).
Step 4: Send the message to the server using
s = send(sid, buffer, strlen(buffer))
Step 5: Close the socket.
Step 6: Stop the process.

TCP
Server Program

/* tcpserver*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include<errno.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
int sockfd, newsockfd, portno, clilen;
char buffer[256];
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cli_addr;
int n;

if (argc < 2)
{
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR, no port provided\n");
exit(1);
}
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

if (sockfd < 0)
error("ERROR opening socket");

bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));

portno = atoi(argv[1]);
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);

if (bind(sockfd,struct sockaddr*)
&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)

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 error("ERROR on binding");

listen(sockfd,5);
clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);
newsockfd = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)
&cli_addr,&clilen);

if (newsockfd < 0) error("ERROR on accept");

bzero(buffer,256);
n = read(newsockfd,buffer,255);

if (n < 0) error("ERROR reading from socket");

printf("Here is the message: %s\n",buffer);

n = write(newsockfd,"I got your message",18);

if (n < 0) error("ERROR writing to socket");

return 0;
}

Client Program

/*tcpclient*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include<errno.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
int sockfd, portno, n;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
struct hostent *server;
char buffer[256];

if (argc < 3)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Enter Hostname and Portnumber");
exit(1);
}

portno = atoi(argv[2]);
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 sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

if (sockfd < 0)
printf("ERROR opening socket");

server = gethostbyname(argv[1]);

if (server == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr,"ERROR, no such host\n");
exit(0);
}

bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));

serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
bcopy((char *)server->h_addr,(char *)
&serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr,server->h_length);
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);

if (connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)
&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0)
printf("ERROR connecting");

printf("Please enter the message: ");

bzero(buffer,256);
fgets(buffer,255,stdin);
n = write(sockfd,buffer,strlen(buffer));

if (n < 0)
error("ERROR writing to socket");
bzero(buffer,256);
n = read(sockfd,buffer,255);

if (n < 0)
printf("ERROR reading from socket");

printf("%s\n",buffer);
return 0;
}

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Output
Server

[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc tcpserver.c

[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out 2500

Here is the message: welcome to LOYOLA

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Client
[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc tcpclient.c
[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out localhost 2500

Please enter the message: welcome to LOYOLA

I got your message

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Result:
Thus the C program to implement a simple socket programming using
TCP sockets has been completed successfully.

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Ex No: 02 Socket Programming Using Udp Sockets
Date:

AIM:
To write a C program to implement a simple socket program using UDP
sockets.

ALGORITHM:

UDP Server:
Step 1: Create a UDP socket using SOCK_DGRAM.
sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM,0)
Step 2: Specify the family, port and address for both server and client.
Step 3: Bind the address and port of the server with the client using
b = bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *) & servaddr, sizeof (servaddr))
Step 4: Calculate the size of client address.
Step 5: Send the information from the server to client .
Step 6: Close the socket.
Step 7: Stop the process.
UDP Client:
Step 1:Create a UDP socket using SOCK_DREAM.
sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM,0)
Step 2: Specify the family, port and address for both server and client.
Step 3: Bind the address and port of the client with the server using
b = bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *) & cliaddr, sizeof (cliaddr))
Step 4: Receive the information from the server.
Step 5: Close the socket.
Step 6: Stop the process.

UDP Server program

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/*udpserver*/
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>

int main()
{
char x[15],y[15];
int n,sd,size,sersock;
struct sockaddr_in cliaddr,servaddr;

cliaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
cliaddr.sin_port=htons(8330);
cliaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;

servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port=htons(8331);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);

bzero(&(cliaddr.sin_zero),8);
bzero(&(servaddr.sin_zero),8);

sd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);

bind(sd,(struct sockaddr *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));

size=sizeof(cliaddr);

printf("\nWaiting to receive the data... \n");

n=recvfrom(sd,&x,15,0,(struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr,&size);

printf("\n%s",x);

printf("\nData received successfully... \n");

close(sd);
}

Client Program
/*udpclient*/
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>

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#include<netinet/in.h>
int main()
{
char x[15],y[15];
int n,sd,size,sersock;
struct sockaddr_in cliaddr,servaddr;

cliaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
cliaddr.sin_port=htons(8330);
cliaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;

servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port=htons(8331);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;

bzero(&(cliaddr.sin_zero),8);
bzero(&(servaddr.sin_zero),8);

sd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);

bind(sd,(struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr,sizeof(cliaddr));

size=sizeof(servaddr);

printf("\nEnter the data : \n");

scanf("%s",x);

sendto(sd,x,sizeof(x),0,(struct sockaddr *)
&servaddr,size);
printf("\nData sent successfully... \n");

close(sd);
}

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UDP Output
Server
[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc udpserver.c
[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

Waiting to receiver the data…

Hi

Data received successfully…

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Client
[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc udpclient.c
[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out
hi

Enter the data:

Hi Server

Data sent successfully…

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Result:
Thus the C Program to implement a simple socket program using
sockets has been completed successfully.

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Ex No: 03 Chat Application using sockets
Date:

AIM:
To write a C Program to implement chat application using TCP/IP
Sockets.

ALGORITHM:

Chat server:
Step 1: Create a TCP/IP socket.
Step 2: Initialize socket address structure with protocol family, port number
and IP address.
Step 3: Bind the socket.
Step 4: Convert the socket into server socket by invoking listen function.
Step 5: Accept the connection from the client using accept function.
Step 6: Send and receive the message to and from client.
Step 7: Close the socket.
Step 8: Stop the process.
Chat Client:
Step 1: Create a TCP/IP socket.
Step 2: Initialize socket address structure with protocol family, port number
and IP address.
Step 3: Invoke the convert function to connect to the server.
Step 4: Send and receive the message to and from server.
Step 5: Close the socket.
Step 6: Stop the process.

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 Chat Application
Server program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<netdb.h>
#include<string.h>
#define SERV_TCP_PORT 1433
#define MAX 1024

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
int sockfd,newsockfd,clientlen;
char buffer[MAX];

struct sockaddr_in serv_addr,cli_addr;

sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;
serv_addr.sin_port=htons(SERV_TCP_PORT);

bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
listen(sockfd,5);
clientlen=sizeof(cli_addr);
newsockfd=accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)
&cli_addr,&clientlen);
do
{
bzero(buffer,MAX);
read(newsockfd,buffer,MAX);
printf(“\nClient message: %s”,buffer);
bzero(buffer,MAX);
printf(“\nServer message :”);
fgets(buffer,MAX,stdin);
write(newsockfd,buffer,MAX);
printf(“\n”);
}while(strcmp(buffer,”bye\n”)!=0);
close(sockfd);
return(0);
}

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Client Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<netdb.h>
#include<string.h>
#define SERV_TCP_PORT 1433
#define MAX 1024

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
struct hostent *server;
char buffer[MAX];

sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(“127.0.0.1”);
serv_addr.sin_port=htons(SERV_TCP_PORT);

connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)
&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));

do
{
bzero(buffer,MAX);
printf(“\nClient message :”);
fgets(buffer,MAX,stdin);
write(sockfd,buffer,MAX);
bzero(buffer,MAX);
read(sockfd,buffer,MAX);
printf(“\nServer message : %s”,buffer);
printf(“\n”);
}while(strcmp(buffer,”bye\n”)!=0);

close(sockfd);

return(0);
}

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Chatting Output
Server
[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc chatserver.c
[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

Client message : Hi
Server message : Hi da

Client message : How are you?

Server message : I am fine da

Client message : bye

Server message : bye

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Client
[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc chatclient.c
[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

Client message : Hi
Server message : Hi da

Client message : How are you?

Server message : I am fine da

Client message : bye

Server message : bye

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Result:
Thus the c program to implement chat application using TCP/IP sockets
has been completed successfully.

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Ex No: 04 Simple Sliding window Protocol
Date:

AIM:
To write a C program to simulate a simple sliding window protocol.

ALGORITHM:
Server:
Step 1: Start the process.
Step 2: Open the file which contains the frames to be sent.
Step 3: Get the starting and ending frame numbers to be sent.
Step 4: Read the frames from the file and send that frames to client side.
Step 5: Stop the process.

Client:
Step 1: Start the process.
Step 2: Enter the number frames going to be received.
Step 3: Receive the frames one by one.
Step 4: After receiving all the frames, check the frames received order.
Step 5: If it is received in correct order, print as frames were received in correct
sequence, otherwise print frames were not received in correct sequence.
Step 6: Stop the process.

Sliding Window
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Server program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/msg.h>

struct mymsgbuf
{
long mtype;
char mtext[25];
};

FILE *fp;

int main()
{
Struct mymsgbuf buf;
int si,ei,sz;
int msgid;
int i=0,s;
int a[100];
char d;

if((fp=fopen(“send”,”r”))= = NULL)
printf(“\nFile opened”);

printf(“\nEnter starting and ending index of

frame array: “);
scanf(“%d%d”,&si,&ei);
sz=ei-si;

if((msgid=msgget(80,IPC_CREAT|0666))= = -1)
{
printf(“\nError inMSGGET”);
exit(0);
}
while(!feof(fp))
{
d=getc(fp);
a[i]=d;
i++;
}

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 S=i;
buf.mtype=1;
for(i=si;i<=ei;i++)
{
buf.mtext[i]=a[i];
}
for(i=si;i<=ei;i++)
printf(“\t%c”,buf.mtext[i]);
for(i=0;i<=sz;i++)
{
if((msgsnd(msgid,&buf,sizeof(buf),0))= = -1)
{
printf(“\nError in MSGSND”);
exit(0);
}
}
printf(“\nFrames send”);
return 0;
}

Client program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/msg.h>

struct mymsgbuf
{
long mtype;
char mtext[25];
};

FILE *fp;

int main()
{
Struct mymsgbuf buf;
int msgid;
int i=0,s;
int count=0,frmsz;
int a[100];

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 char d;

if((msgid=msgget(89,IPC_CREAT|0666))= = -1)
{
printf(“\nError inMSGGET”);
exit(0);
}
printf(“\nEnter the frame size:”);
scanf(“%d”,&frmsz);
if((fp=fopen(“check”,”r”))= = NULL)
printf(“\nFile not opened”);
else
printf(“\nFile opened”);

while(!feof(fp))
{
d=getc(fp);
a[i]=d;
i++;
}
S=i;
for(i =0;i<frmsz;i++)
printf(“\t %c”,a[i]);

for(i=0;i<frmsz;i++)
{
if((msgrcv(msgid,&buf,sizeof(buf),0,1))= = -1)
{
printf(“\nError in MSGRCV”);
exit(0);
}
Printf(“\nFrame received is :%c”,buf.mtext[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<frmsz;i++)
{
if(a[i]= =buf.mtext[i])
count++;
}
if(count= =0)
{
printf(“\nFrames were not received in
correct sequence”);
printf(“%d”,count);
exit(0);
}
if(count==frmsz)

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 {
Printf(“\nFrames were received in correct sequence”);
else
{
Printf(“\nFrames were not received in
correct sequence”);
}
}

Sliding Window Output

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[prabha@localhost ~]$ cat check
Networking
[prabha@localhost ~]$

[prabha@localhost ~]$ cat send

Networking

Server
[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc slidserver.c
[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

File opened
Enter starting and ending index of frame array :0 6
N e t w o r k

Frames send

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Client
[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc slidclient.c
[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

Enter the frame size: 7

File opened n e t w o r k

Frame received is : n
Frame received is : e
Frame received is : t
Frame received is : w
Frame received is : o
Frame received is : r
Frame received is : k

Frames were received in correct sequence

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Result:
Thus the C program to simulate a simple sliding window protocol has
been completed successfully.

Ex No: 05 Selective Repeat and Go Back – N

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Date:

AIM:
To write a c program to simulate selective repeat and go back-N sliding
window protocol.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the process.
Step 2: Enter the number of frames.
Step 3: If your option is selective repeat
Enter the frames one by one
Step 4: Send the frames one by one and receive acknowledgements for the sent
frames.
Step 5: If you received NACK, retransmit the frame for which you received
NACK, otherwise no need to retransmit.
Step 6: If your option is go-back-N
Send the frames one by one & receive acknowledgement for the sent
frames.
Step 7: If you received NACK, retransmit the frames from that frame for which
received NACK.
Step 8: Stop the Process.

Sliding Window

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Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

int main()
{
int data[50],ack[10];
int m,n,a,i,d,index=0;

p:

printf(“\n SLIDING WINDOW PROTOCOL \n 1. Selective Repeat \n

2. Go Back-N \n 3. Exit);
printf(“\n \n Enter your option :”);
scanf(“%d”,&a)

if(a==3)
exit(0);
else
{
printf(“\n Enter the size of the data :”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
printf(“\n Enter the data one by one : “);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf(“%d”,&data[i]);
switch(a)
{
case 1:
{
printf(“\n Data is ready to send\n”);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
ack[i]=0;

do
{
index=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(ack[i]==0)
{
printf(“\n%d is sent”,data[i]); printf(“\nEnter the
ack[1-ACK: 0-NACK] :”);
scanf(“%d”,&ack[i]);
}

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 }

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
if(ack[i]==0)
{
printf(“\n Received negative ack for frame
%d”,i+1);
index=1;
}
}while(index!=0);
printf(“\n Do you want to continue[1- Yes:0-No]:”);
scanf(“%d”,&d);
if(d==1)
goto p;
if(d==0)
exit(0);
break;
}
case 2:
{
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf(“\n %d is sent”,data[i]);
printf(“\nEnter the ack [1-ACK : 0-NACK] :”);
scanf(“%d”,&ack[i]);
printf(“%d”,ack[i]);
if(ack[i]==1)
printf(“\n Received ack”);
else
{
printf(“\n Negarive ack for %d”,data[i]);
if(i==0)
i=-1;
else
i=i-1;
}
}
printf(“\nDo you want to continue [1-Yes:0-No]: “);
scanf(“%d”,&d);
if(d==1)
goto p;
if(d==0)
exit(0);
break;
}

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 case 3:
{
exit(0);
break;
}
}
}
return 0;
}

Sliding Window Output

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[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc slid.c

[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

SLIDING WINDOW PROTOCOL

1. Selective Repeat
2. Go Back-N
3. Exit

Enter your option :1

Enter the size of the data :3

Enter the data one by one :123

Data is ready to send

1 is sent
Enter the ack [1-ACK : 0-NACK} :1

2 is sent
Enter the ack [1-ACK : 0-NACK) :0

3 is sent
Enter the ack [1-ACK : 0-NACK} :1

Received negative ack for frame 2

2 is sent
Enter the ack [1-ACK : 0-NACK} :1

Do you want to continue [1-Yes : 0-No] :1

SLIDING WINDOW PROTOCOL

1. Selective Repeat
2. Go Back-N
3. Exit

Enter your option :2

Enter the size of the data :3

Enter the data one by one :123

1 is sent

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Enter the ack [1-ACK : 0-NACK} :1

1
Received ack
2 is sent
Enter the ack [1-ACK : 0-NACK} :0

0
Negative ack for 2
2 is sent
Enter the ack [1-ACK : 0-NACK} :1

1
Received ack
3 is sent
Enter the ack [1-ACK : 0-NACK} :1

1
Received ack

3 is sent
Enter the ack [1-ACK : 0-NACK} :1

1
Received ack
Do you want to continue [1-Yes : 0-No] :1

SLIDING WINDOW PROTOCOL

1. Selective Repeat
2. Go Back-N
3. Exit

Enter your option :3

Result:

Thus the c program to simulate selective repeat and Go Back-N sliding

window protocols has been completed successfully.

Ex No: 06 Slow Start Window Management

Date: Technique
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AIM:
To write a c program to simulate a slow start window management
technique.

ALGORITHM:

Server:
Step 1: Start the process.
Step 2: Create a TCP socket.
Step 3: Assign family, port and address to the socket.
Step 4: Bind the socket.
Step 5: Listen to the client and accept the connection from the client.
Step 6: Initialize cwnd to 1
i) Read the message from client.
ii) Print the message
iii) Send the acknowledgement to the client.
iv) Increment cwnd as cwnd*=2(exponentially).
Step 7: Close the socket.
Step 8: Stop the process.

Client:
Step 1: Start the process.
Step 2: Create a TCP socket.

Step 3: Assign family, port, and address to the client.

Step 4: Connect with the server.
Step 5: Initialize cwnd to 1

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 i) Write the message to the server.
ii) Read the ACK from the server
iii) Print the ACK
Step 6: Increment the cwnd as cwnd*=2(exponentially).
Step 7: Close the socket.
Step 8: stop the process.

Slow Start Window Management Technique

Server program:

#include<stdio.h>

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#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<errno.h>
#define MAX 10

int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
int sid,newsid,clen;
char buffer[1024];
int cwnd,count=0,dummy;
struct sockaddr_in saddr,caddr;
int n;

if(argc<2)
{
fprintf(stderr,“Error:Port number is not given\n”);
exit(1);
}

sid=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
bzero((char*)&addr,sizeof(saddr));
saddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
saddr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1]));
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;

if(bind(sid,(struct sockaddr*)&saddr,sizeof(saddr))<0)
{
perror(“socket_bind”);
}

listen(sid,5);
clen=sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
newsid=accept(sid,(struct sockaddr*)&caddr,&clen);

if(newsid<0)
{
perror(“socket_accept”);
}
bzero(buffer,1024);
for(cwnd=1;cwnd<=MAX;cwnd*=2)
{
printf(“\n\nCurrent Window size:%d\n”,cwnd);

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 for(dummy=1;dummy<=cwnd;dummy++)
{
n=read(newsid, buffer, 1023);
printf(“Message from client:%s”, buffer);
n=write(newsid, buffer, strlen(buffer));
if(cwnd>MAX)
{
printf(“\n”);
printf(“Congestion may occur”);
}
}
printf(“\n”);
printf(“\nAck for %d message(s) sent to client”,cwnd);
printf(“\n”);
}
return 0;
}

Client program:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<netdb.h>
#define MAX 10

int main(int argc, char *argv[1])

{
int cid,sid;
struct sockaddr_in saddr;
char buffer[1024];
int i,n,length,count=0,cwnd,dummy;
struct hosten* h;

if(argc<3)
{
fprintf(stderr, “Enter Hostname and Portnumber”);
exit(1);
}
cid=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

if(cid<0)

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 29

 {
perror(“Socket”);
}
h=gethostbyname(argv[1]);

if(h==NULL)
{
printf(“Host is not found”);
exit(1);
}
saddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
saddr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));
bcopy((char*)h->h_addr,(char*)&saddr.sin_addr.s_addr,
h->h_length);

if(connect(cid,(struct sockaddr*)&saddr,sizeof(saddr))<0)
{
perror(“Socket_connect”);
}
bzero(buffer,1024);
for(cwnd=1;cwnd<=MAX;cwnd*=2)
{
printf(“\nCurrent Window Size:%d\n”,cwnd);
for(dummy=1; dummy<=cwnd; dummy++)
{
printf(“\nEnter your message to server:”);
fgets(buffer,1023,stdin);
n=write(cid,buffer,strlen(buffer));
n=read(cid, buffer, strlen(buffer));
}
count++;
printf(“Ack %d from server\n”, count);
}
return o;
}

Output:
Server
[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc slows.c

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 30

[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out 2551

Currrent Window Size:1

Message from Client:m1

Ack for 1 message(s) sent to client

Current Window Size:2

Message from Client:m1
Message from Client:m2

Ack for 2 messages(s) sent to client

Current Window Size:4

Message from Client:m1
Message from Client:m2
Message from Client:m3
Message from Client:m4

Ack for 4 messages(s) sent to client

Current Window Size:8

Message from Client:m1
Message from Client:m2
Message from Client:m3
Message from Client:m4
Message from Client:m5
Message from Client:m6
Message from Client:m7
Message from Client:m8

Ack for 8 messages(s) sent to client

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Client

[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc slowc.c

[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out localhost 2551

Current Window Size:1

Enter your message to Server :m1

Ack 1 from server

Current Window Size:2

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 31

Enter your message to Server :m1
Enter your message to Server :m2
Ack 2 from server

Current Window Size:4

Enter your message to Server :m1

Enter your message to Server :m2
Enter your message to Server :m3
Enter your message to Server :m4
Ack 3 from server

Current Window Size:8

Enter your message to Server :m1

Enter your message to Server :m2
Enter your message to Server :m3
Enter your message to Server :m4
Enter your message to Server :m5
Enter your message to Server :m6
Enter your message to Server :m7
Enter your message to Server :m8
Ack 4 from server

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Result:
Thus the c program to simulate a slow start window management
technique has been completed successfully.

Ex No: 07 Simulation Of Routing Protocols-OSPF

Date:

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 32

AIM
To write a c program to simulate the ‘open shortest path first’ routing
protocol to find the shortest path between two nodes.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the process.
Step 2: Enter the number of nodes.
Step 3: Enter the cost between the nodes.
Step 4: enter the source and destination nodes to find the shortest path.
Step 5: If the given source and destination nodes are same, print the
Source and destination nodes are same, try again.
Step 6: If no path exists between source and destination node, print no
Path exists.
Step 7: If a path exists between source and destination nodes, print the as
The shortest path with cost.
Step 8: If more than one path exists between source and destination node,
Find the shortest path by adding the cost, and print the shortest path.
Step 9: Stop the process.

OSPF
Program:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 33

void getdata();
void findpath();
void display();
void output();
int cost1[10][10],cost[10][10],key[10][10],ch=1,num,src,
des,i,j,k,min;
main()
{
getdata();
findpath();
printf(“\nMENU\n”);
printf(“\n 1.Find Shortest path”);
printf(“\n 2.Exit”);
while(ch!=2)
{
printf(“\n\n Enter your choice”);
scanf(“%d”,&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
printf(“\n Enter the source node and
destination node”);
scanf(“%d %d”,&src,&des);
display(src,des);
break;
case 2:
exit(0);
}
}
}
void getdata()
{
printf(“\n Enter the number of nodes”);
scanf(“%d”,&num);
for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=num;j++)
{
if(i==j)
cost1[i][j]=0;
else
{
printf(“\n Enter the cost between
nodes[&d %d]”,i,j);
scanf(“%d”,&cost1[i][j]);
}

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 34

 cost[i][j]=cost1[i][j];
key[i][j]=0;
}
}
}
void findpath()
{
int d1,d2,d3;
for(k=1;k<=num;k++)
{
for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=num;j++)
{
d1=cost[i][k];
d2=cost[k][j];
d3=cost[i][j];
if(k!=0 &&d1!=0 &&d2!=0 &&
(d3==0 ||(d1+d2)<d3))
{
cost[i][j]=d1+d2;
key[i][j]=k;
}
}
}
}
}
void display(int i,int j)
{
min=0;
if(i==j)
{
printf(“The source and destination
are same,try again”);
}
else if(cost[i][j]==0)
printf(“\n No path exists”);
else
{
printf(“The path is %d”,i);
output(i,j);
printf(“The cost is %d”,min);
}
}
void output(int i,int j)
{

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 35

 if(key[i][j]==0)
{
printf(“%d”,j);
min+=cost1[i][j];
}
else
{
output(i,key[i][j]);
output(key[i][j],j);
}
}

OSPF Output:
[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc ospf.c 2 3
[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out 2
Enter the number of nodes :4 2
2
2 SCHOOL
SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO Page | 36
4
2

OSPF
Enter the cost between nodes[1 2] :1
Enter the cost between nodes[1 3] :0
Enter the cost between nodes[1 4] :2
Enter the cost between nodes[2 1] :0
Enter the cost between nodes[2 3] :0
Enter the cost between nodes[2 4] :2
Enter the cost between nodes[3 1] :0
Enter the cost between nodes[3 2] :0
Enter the cost between nodes[3 4] :6
Enter the cost between nodes[4 1] :0
Enter the cost between nodes[4 2] :3
Enter the cost between nodes[4 3] :3

MENU:
1.Find shortest path
2.Exit

Enter your choice :1

Enter the source and destination node:1 1
The source and destination are same,try again

Enter your choice :1

Enter the source and destination node :4 1
No paths exists

Enter your choice :1

Enter the source and destination node :1 3
The path is 143
The cost is 5

Enter your choice :2

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Result:
Thus the c program to simulate the OSPF routing protocol has been
completed successfully.

Ex No: 08 Simulation of Routing protocols –

Date: Distance vector Routing

AIM:
SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 37
 To write a c program to simulate the distance vector routing protocol.

ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the process.
Step 2: Enter the no of nodes.
Step 3: Enter the distance between each node
Step 4: Enter the node to display the routing table
Step 5: Routing table contains route value from source node to each node
Step 6: Calculate the distance for each adjacent node.
Step 7: Display the resulting distance vector routing table
Step 8: Stop the process.

Distance Vector Routing

Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

int main()
{
SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 38
int i,j,k,n,a[10][10],b[10][10],source,s,d;
char ch;
printf(“Enter the number of nodes: “);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(i==j)
a[i][j]=0;
else
{
printf(“\n Distance between the host %d  %d : “,I,j);
scanf(“%d”,&a[i][j]);
}
}
}
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
printf(“\t%d”,a[i][j]);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
do
{
printf(“\n Enter the node to display the routing table :”);
scanf(“%d”,&source);
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(source!=j)
{
if(a[source][j] != 0)
printf(“\n Adjacent path from %d to %d is :%d”,source,j,a[source][j]);
else
printf(“\n There is no path from %d to %d”,source,j);
}
}
printf(“\n\n Do you want to continue [y/n] “);
scanf(“%s”,&ch);
}while(ch != ‘n’);

for(k=1;k<=n;k++)
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 39

 if(a[i][j]>a[i][k]+a[k][j])
a[i][j] = a[i][k]+a[k][j];
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{
printf(“%d\t”,a[i][j]);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
}

Distance Vector Routing Output

[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc distance.c
[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

Enter the number of nodes : 4

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 40

Distance between the host 1  2 : 2

Distance between the host 1  3 : 1

Distance between the host 1  4 : 0

Distance between the host 2  1 : 0

Distance between the host 2  3 : 1

Distance between the host 2  4 : 0

Distance between the host 3  1 : 0

Distance between the host 3  2 : 3

Distance between the host 3  4 : 2

Distance between the host 4  1 : 0

Distance between the host 4  2 : 2

Distance between the host 4  3 : 3

0 2 1 0
0 0 1 0
0 3 0 2
0 2 3 0

Enter the node to display the routing table : 4

There is no path from 4 to 1

Adjacent path from 4 to 2 is : 2
Adjacent path from 4 to 3 is : 3

Do you want to continue [y/n] : y

Enter the node to display the routing table : 3

There is no path from 3 to 1

Adjacent path from 3 to 2 is : 3
Adjacent path from 3 to 4 is : 2

Do you want to continue [y/n] : n

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 41

 0 2 1 0
0 0 1 0
0 2 0 0
0 2 1 0

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Result:
Thus the C program to simulate the distance vector routing protocol
has been completed successfully.

Ex No: 09 File Transfer Protocol – FTP

Date:

AIM:

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 42

 To write a C program to transfer a file from source to the destination
using FTP.

ALGORITHM:
FTP Server:
Step 1: Start the process.
Step 2: Create a TCP socket.
Step 3: Assign family, port and address to the socket.
Step 4: Bind the socket.
Step 5: Listen to the client and accept the connection from the client.
Step 6: Get the source file name.
Step 7: Get the destination file name and transfer the source to destination and
display the content.
Step 8: Close the socket.
Step 9: Stop the process.
FTP Client:
Step 1: Start the process.
Step 2: Create a TCP socket.
Step 3: Assign family, port and address to the client.
Step 4: Connect with the server.
Step 5: Receive the file name from the server.
Step 6: Display the content of the requested file.
Step 7: Close the socket.
Step 8: Stop the process.
FTP
Server Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<netdb.h>
#include<fcntl.h>

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 43

 #include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#define SERV_TCP_PORT 9000
#define MAX 80
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
FILE *fp;
int sockfd,newsockfd,clength;
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr,cli_addr;
char s[MAX],t[MAX],str[MAX];
strcpy(t,”exit”);
sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY;
serv_addr.sin_port=htons(SERV_TCP_PORT);
bind(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
listen(sockfd,5);
for(;;)
{
clength=sizeof(cli_addr);
newsockfd=accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)
&cli_addr,&clength);
close(sockfd);
read(newsockfd,&str,MAX);
printf(“File Name Requested :%s\n”,str);
fp=fopen(str,”r”);
while(fgets(s,79,fp)!=NULL)
{
printf(“%s”,s);
write(newsockfd,s,MAX); }
write(newsockfd,s,MAX);
fclose(fp);
exit(0); }
printf(“\nThe Requested file is tranfered…\n”);
return 0;
}

Client Program
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 44

#define SERV_TCP_PORT 9000
#define MAX 80
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
FILE *fp;
int sockfd;
char s[MAX],name[MAX],sendline[MAX],recvline[MAX+1];
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
strcpy(s,”exit”);
sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(“127.0.0.1”);
serv_addr.sin_port=htons(SERV_TCP_PORT);

connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)
&serv_addr,sizeof(serv_addr));
for(;;)
{
printf(“\nEnter the File Name: “);
scanf(“%s”,sendline);
printf(“\nEnter the Destination File Name: “);
scanf(“%s”,name);
fd=fopen(name,”w”);
write(sockfd,sendline,MAX);
while(1)
{
read(sockfd,recvline,MAX);
printf(“%s”,recvline);
fputs(recvline,fp);
exit(0);
}
fclose(fp);
}close(sockfd);
return 0;
}

Output
[prabha@localhost ~]$ cat sample.c
Welcome to Loyola Institute of Technology

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Server

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 45

[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc ftpc.c
[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

Enter the File Name : sample.c

Enter the Destination File Name : out.c

Welcome to Loyola Institute of Technology

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Client

[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc ftps.c

[prabha@localhost ~]$ .\a.out

File Name Requested: sample.c

Welcome to Loyola Institute of Technology

[prabha@localhost ~]$

[prabha@localhost ~]$ cat out.c

Welcome to Loyola Institute of Technology
[prabha@localhost ~]$

Result:
Thus the C program to develop a FTP application has been completed
successfully.

Ex No: 10 Multi User Chat Application

Date:

AIM:
To write a C program to develop a Multi-user chat Application.

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 46

ALGORITHM:
Server:
Step 1: Start the process.
Step 2: Create a TCP socket.
Step 3: Assign family, port and address to the socket.
Step 4: Bind the socket.
Step 5: Listen to the clients and accept the connections.
Step 6: Get the ID of the client which needs communication.
Step 7: Proceed the communication.
Step 8: Close the socket.
Step 9: Stop the process.

Client 1:
Step 1: start the process.
Step 2: Create a TCP socket.
Step 3: Assign family, port and address to the socket.
Step 4: Connect with the server.
Step 5: Proceed the communication.
Step 6: Close the socket.
Step 6: Stop the process.

Client 2:
Step 1: Start the process.
Step 2: Create a TCP socket.
Step 3: Assign family, port and address to the socket.
Step 4: Connect with the server.
Step 5: Proceed the communication.
Step 6: Close the socket

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 47

 Development of Application – Multi User Chat
Server Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
int i,sd,sd2,nsd,client,sport,len;
char sendmsg[20],rcvmsg[20];
struct sockaddr_in servaddr,cliaddr;

printf(“\nEnter the port number :”);

scanf(“%d”,&sport);

sd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

if(sd<0)
printf(“\nCant’t created\n”);
else
printf(“\nSocket is created\n”);

servadd.sin_family=AF_INET;
servadd.sin_addr.s_addr.s=hto|(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port=htons(sport);
sd2=bind(sd,(struct sockaddr*)&seraddr,sizeof(seraddr));

if(sd2<0)
printf(“\nCan’t bind\n”);
else
printf(“\nBinded\n”);

listen(sd,5);

do
{
Printf(“\nEnter the client number to
communication :”);
scanf(“%d”,&i);
if(i==0)
exit(0);
printf(“\nClint %d is connected\n”,i);

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 48

 clilen=sizeof(cliaddr);
nsd=accept(sd,(struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr,&clilen);

if(nsd<0)
printf(\nCan’t accept\n”);

else
printf(“\nAccepted\n”);

printf(“\nStart to communication
\n\nServer\t\tClient”);
do
{
recv(nsd,rcvmsg,20,0);
printf(“\t\t%s\n\n”,rcvmsg);
fgets(sendmsg,20,stdin);
len=strlen(sendmsg);
sendmsg[len-1]=’\0’;
send(nsd,sendmsg,20,0);
wait(20);
}while(strcmp(sendmsg,”bye”)!=0);
}while(i!=0);
}

Client 1Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
main()
{
int csd,cport,len;
char sendmsg[20],revmsg[20];
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
printf(“\nEnter the port :”);
scanf(“%d”,&cport);
csd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

if(csd<0)
printf(“\nCan’t Create\n”);
else
printf(“\nSocket is created\n”);

servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=hton|(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port=htons(cport);

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 49

 if(connect(csd,(struct sockaddr*)
&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr))<0)
Printf(“\nCan’t Connect\n”);
else
printf(“\nConnect\n\nClient\t\tServer”);
do
{
fgets(sendmsg,20,stdin);
len=strlen(sendmsg);
sendmsg[len-1]=’\0’;
send(csd,sendmsg,20,0);
wait(20);
recv(csd,revmsg,20,0);
printf(“\t\t%s\n\n”,revmsg);
}while(strcmp(revmsg,”bye”)!=0);
}

Client 2 Program

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
main()
{
int csd,cport,len;
char sendmsg[20],revmsg[20];
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
printf(“\nEnter the port :”);
scanf(“%d”,&cport);
csd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);

if(csd<0)
printf(“\nCan’t Create\n”);
else
printf(“\nSocket is created\n”);

servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=hton|(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port=htons(cport);

if(connect(csd,(struct sockaddr*)
&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr))<0)
Printf(“\nCan’t Connect\n”);

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 50

 else
printf(“\nConnect\n\nClient\t\tServer”);
do
{
fgets(sendmsg,20,stdin);
len=strlen(sendmsg);
sendmsg[len-1]=’\0’;
send(csd,sendmsg,20,0);
wait(20);
recv(csd,revmsg,20,0);
printf(“\t\t%s\n\n”,revmsg);
}while(strcmp(revmsg,”bye”)!=0);
}

Output

Server
[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc mucs.c
[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

Enter the port number: 6444

Socket is created
Binded

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 51

Enter the client number to communicate: 1
Client 1 is connected
Accepted

Start to communication

Server Client
Hi server
Hi client1
Bye
Why?
Urgent
Ok
Bye
Bye

Enter the client number to communicate: 2

Client 2 is connected

Accepted

Start to communication

Server Client
Hi server
Hi client2
How r u?
Fine
Where r u?
Bye
Enter the client number to communicate :0

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Client 1

[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc mucc1.c

[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

Enter the port number: 6444

Socket is created

Connected

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 52

 Client Server
Hi server
Hi client1
Bye
Why?
Urgent
Ok
Bye
Bye

[prabha@localhost ~]$

Client 2

[prabha@localhost ~]$ gcc mucc2.c

[prabha@localhost ~]$ ./a.out

Enter the port number: 6444

Socket is created
Connected

Client Server
Hi server
Hi client2
How r u?
Fine
Where r u?
Bye
[prabha@localhost ~]$

Result:
Thus the C program to develop a Multi -user Chat Application has been
completed successfully.

SAN INTERNATIONAL INFO SCHOOL Page | 53