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    Mat434 - Exam 2021 2022

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    leadwin princewill
    This document contains 6 questions regarding classical mechanics for a B.Sc degree examination in mathematics. Question 1 covers potential energy functions, velocity and rest positions for a particle under a force. It also covers proving cylindrical coordinates are orthogonal and representing a vector in cylindrical coordinates. Question 2 covers work done by conservative forces and derivatives of scalar fields. Question 3 covers equations of motion with time-dependent forces and centripetal forces keeping particles in circular orbits. Question 4 covers virtual displacements, D'Alembert's principle, Lagrange's equations of motion, and using Lagrange's method to model a plane pendulum. Question 5 covers Hamilton's principle, the Hamiltonian, deriving Lagrange's equations from Hamilton's principle, and

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    Mat434 - Exam 2021 2022

    Uploaded by

    leadwin princewill
    12 views3 pages
    This document contains 6 questions regarding classical mechanics for a B.Sc degree examination in mathematics. Question 1 covers potential energy functions, velocity and rest positions for a particle under a force. It also covers proving cylindrical coordinates are orthogonal and representing a vector in cylindrical coordinates. Question 2 covers work done by conservative forces and derivatives of scalar fields. Question 3 covers equations of motion with time-dependent forces and centripetal forces keeping particles in circular orbits. Question 4 covers virtual displacements, D'Alembert's principle, Lagrange's equations of motion, and using Lagrange's method to model a plane pendulum. Question 5 covers Hamilton's principle, the Hamiltonian, deriving Lagrange's equations from Hamilton's principle, and

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    MAT434_EXAM-2021-2022

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    This document contains 6 questions regarding classical mechanics for a B.Sc degree examination in mathematics. Question 1 covers potential energy functions, velocity and rest positions for a particle under a force. It also covers proving cylindrical coordinates are orthogonal and representing a vector in cylindrical coordinates. Question 2 covers work done by conservative forces and derivatives of scalar fields. Question 3 covers equations of motion with time-dependent forces and centripetal forces keeping particles in circular orbits. Question 4 covers virtual displacements, D'Alembert's principle, Lagrange's equations of motion, and using Lagrange's method to model a plane pendulum. Question 5 covers Hamilton's principle, the Hamiltonian, deriving Lagrange's equations from Hamilton's principle, and

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views3 pages

    Mat434 - Exam 2021 2022

    Uploaded by

    leadwin princewill
    This document contains 6 questions regarding classical mechanics for a B.Sc degree examination in mathematics. Question 1 covers potential energy functions, velocity and rest positions for a particle under a force. It also covers proving cylindrical coordinates are orthogonal and representing a vector in cylindrical coordinates. Question 2 covers work done by conservative forces and derivatives of scalar fields. Question 3 covers equations of motion with time-dependent forces and centripetal forces keeping particles in circular orbits. Question 4 covers virtual displacements, D'Alembert's principle, Lagrange's equations of motion, and using Lagrange's method to model a plane pendulum. Question 5 covers Hamilton's principle, the Hamiltonian, deriving Lagrange's equations from Hamilton's principle, and

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    of 3

    COVENANT UNIVERSITY

    CANAANLAND, KM 10, IDIROKO ROAD


    P.M.B 1023, OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.
    TITLE OF EXAMINATION: B.Sc DEGREE EXAMINATION
    COLLEGE: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
    DEPARTMENT: MATHEMATICS
    SESSION: 2021/2022 SEMESTER: ALPHA
    COURSE CODE: MAT 434 CREDIT UNIT: 3
    COURSE TITLE: Classical Mechanics I
    INSTRUCTION: Attempt any four (4) questions. TIME: 3 HOURS

    QUESTION 1
    (a) A particle of mass m moves under a force F  cx3 where c is a positive constant.

    (i) Find its potential energy function, (2 marks)

    (ii) If the particle starts from rest at x  a , what is the velocity at x  0 ? (2 marks)
    (iii) When does the it come to rest? (2 marks)
    (b) Prove that a cylindrical coordinate system is orthogonal. (6 marks)

    (c) Represent the vector A  3i  2 xj  yk in cylindrical coordinates system. (5.5 marks)

    QUESTION 2
    (a) If the work done W  by an external force in moving a particle from point A to point B is

    WAB  TB  TA and the force acting on it is conservative, prove that the total energy can be

    expressed as T  V  const. (5.5 marks)


    (b) Given that   2x3 y 2 z 4 , (i) obtain the value of   and (ii) Show that    2 (6 marks)
    (c) Given that r  xi  yj  zk is a position vector of a point on a space curve, show that

    1 r
    (i) Grad     3 (3 marks)
    r r

    (ii) Grad  r n   nr n2 r (3 marks)

    ©aao/ooa/CU-Alpha Semester Exam/Feb/2022 1


    QUESTION 3
    (a) If the force F  t  acting on a particle is an explicit function of time, show that the

    equation of motion takes the form


    t t
    1
    r  t   r0  v0  t  t0    dt  F  t   dt  (6 marks)
    m t0 t0

    (b) The Lorentz force experienced by a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field
    B is given as F  q  v  B  , where q is the charge, m is mass and v is velocity.

    (i) Derive the necessary centripetal force that keeps the particle in a circular path, (4.5 marks)
    (ii) Obtain the expression for Lamor radius of the particle. (1.5 marks)
    (c) Show the transformation from cylindrical to rectangular coordinates. (5.5 marks)

    QUESTION 4
    a) Explain the term ‘virtual displacement’ and state the principle of virtual work. (3 marks)
    b) State D’Alembert’s principle. (2 marks)
    c) State the Lagrange’s equations of motion for a conservative system. (2 marks)
    d) A mass m is suspended from the ceiling by a string of length l and swings back and
    forth in a vertical plane under the influence of gravity g (See Figure 1). Use
    Lagrange’s method to find the equation of motion. (9.5 marks)

    Figure 1: Plane Pendulum

    e) Is the Lagrangian formulation more advantageous than the Newtonian formulation?


    Why? (1 mark)

    QUESTION 5
    a) State and explain Hamilton’s principle. (2.5 marks)
    b) Define the Hamiltonian. When is it equal to the total energy of the system? (2 marks)
    c) Derive Lagrange’s equations of motion from Hamilton’s principle. (5 marks)
    d) Set-up the Hamiltonian for a simple pendulum. (8 marks)

    ©aao/ooa/CU-Alpha Semester Exam/Feb/2022 2


    QUESTION 6
    a) What are constraints? Discuss holonomic, Non-holonomic, Scleronomous and
    Rheonomous constraints. (5 marks)
    b) State constraint equations and classify the constraints for the following:
    (i) Gas molecules confined in a spherical container of radius “a” (assuming the centre
    of the sphere is the origin of the coordinate system); (1.5 marks)
    (ii) A pendulum with an extensible string; (1.5 marks)
    (iii) Sliding bead on a circular wire of radius ‘a’ in XY-plane; (1.5 marks)
    (iv) A particle moving on or outside the surface of a sphere of radius (assuming that the
    origin of the coordinate system coincides with the centre of the sphere); (1.5 marks)
    (v) A pendulum with an inextensible string. (1.5 marks)
    c) Discuss the concept of generalized coordinates with illustrations. (2 marks)
    d) Consider the system shown in Figure 2.
    (i) State the constraint equations for the system. (2.5 marks)
    (ii) Determine the degrees of freedom (DOF) and hence state the number of generalized
    coordinates for the system. (1 mark)
    (You are required to state any assumptions used).

    Figure 2: Triple pendulum

    ©aao/ooa/CU-Alpha Semester Exam/Feb/2022 3

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