(1) T(III)-Physics-H-5

2021
PHYSICS — HONOURS
Fifth Paper
Full Marks : 100

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words
as far as practicable.

1. Answer any ten questions : 2×10

(a) Is the constraint given by xx  yy  xy  xy
  k (a constant), a holonomic constraint?

2

(b) Show that the two Lagrangians L1   q  q  and L2  q 2  q 2  are equivalent.
(c) Prove that for motion of a particle under central force, the areal velocity with respect to the centre
of force remains constant.


(d) If the kinetic energy T  1 m r 2 and the potential energy V  1 1  r 2  find the Hamiltonian
,
2 r  c 2 
‘H’ and determine whether H = T + V.
(e) Explain what is meant by streamlines.
(f) Derive the equation of continuity for a compressible fluid.
(g) For a four vector A show that A A is a scalar.

2 d2
(h) Find the constant C which makes ex an eigenstate of the operator.
2
 Ex 2 ( is a constant).
dx

(i) Can we measure the kinetic and potential energies of a particle simultaneously with arbitrary
precision?
(j) Why are the Stokes lines brighter than anti-Stokes lines in Raman Spectra?
(k) The electronic configuration of Mg is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2. Obtain its spectral term.
(l) Why is pure vibrational spectra observed in liquid?

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T(III)-Physics-H-5 (2)
Group - A

Section - I
(Classical Mechanics II)

Answer any two questions.

2. (a) Starting from Lagrange’s equation of motion, obtain Hamilton’s equation of motion using Legendre
transformation.
(b) For the Hamiltonian H = q1p1 – q2p2 – aq12 + bq22, solve the Hamilton’s equation of motion and
( p2  bq2 )
prove that q1q2 = constant and  constant .
q1

(c) Show that the effective potential of a particle of mass ‘m’ in a central force field is given by
L2
Ueff (r )  U (r )  , where L is the angular momentum. 4+3+3
2mr 2

3. (a) Consider a simple harmonic oscillator with angular frequency 0. What will be its angular frequency
when a constant force K is applied on it?
(b) The point of suspension of a simple pendulum moves simple harmonically along the vertical line.
Obtain the Lagrangian of the system.
(c) Prove that, if the Lagrangian of an unconstrained system is invariant under continuous translation,
then the total linear momentum is conserved. 3+4+3

4. (a) State Bernoulli’s equation of fluid motion and mention the conditions of its validity.

(b) The Lagrangian of a particle of mass m is L 

1
2
 
mx 2  bx 2 eat where a and b are positive

constants. Determine the Hamiltonian. Is it a constant of motion?

(c) A flat vertical plate is struck normally by a horizontal jet of water 50 mm in diameter with a velocity
of 18 m/s. Calculate the force on the plate assuming it to be stationary. 3+4+3

Section - II
(Special Theory of Relativity)

Answer any two questions.

5. (a) Define the interval between two events in space time. Show that it is invariant under a Lorentz
transformation. Hence explain the conditions for which the interval is time-like, space-like or
light-like.
3
(b) A muon at rest has life time 2×10–6 sec. What is its life time when it travels with a velocity c?
5
(c) Define covariant and contravariant vector. (1+2+3)+2+2
 (3) T(III)-Physics-H-5

6. (a) Discuss about inconsistency, if any, in Newton’s law of gravitation in the light of postulates of
special theory of relativity.
(b) Define Minkowski space. Show that Lorentz transformation can be regarded as transformation due
v
to a rotation of axes through an imaginary angle given by  = tan–1 (i) where   in the
c
4-dimensional Minkowski space.
(c) Two rods of proper length l0 move lengthwise towards each other parallel to the common axis with
the same velocity v relative to the laboratory frame. Show that the length of each rod in the
(1  2 ) v
reference frame fixed to the other rod is l  l0 ,  . 2+(1+3)+4
2 c
(1   )

7. (a) Define proper time interval d. Hence construct velocity four vector. Show that it is a time-like
vector.
(b) If A and B are two tensors, Show that A B = A B.
(c) For two four vectors A and B, prove that AB = AB. 4+4+2

Group - B
Section - I
(Quantum Mechanics II)

Answer any two questions.

8. (a) Consider a one-dimensional simple harmonic oscillator moving in a potential V ( x)  12 m2 x 2 .

14
  1 
Given that the ground state wave function is  ( x)    exp   x 2  (where  = m/  ).
  2 
Find the expectation value of (x2).
2
(b) For a Hamiltonian Ĥ  ( pˆ 2 / 2m)  V ( xˆ ), prove that  xˆ ,  xˆ, Hˆ     .
m
ˆ ˆ  BA
(c) Prove that exp i ( AB ˆ ˆ )  is a Hermitian operator, if Aˆ , Bˆ are Hermitian operators. 4+3+3

9. (a) A stream of particles of mass m and energy E move towards the potential step V(x) = 0 for
x < 0 and V(x) = V0 for x  0. If the energy of the particles E < V0,
(i) show that there is a finite probability of finding the particles in the region x > 0.
(ii) sketch the solutions in the two regions.
(iii) determine the reflection coefficient and comment on the result.
(b) Write down Pauli’s spin matrices x, y and z. The eigenfunctions of the Pauli spin operator z
  
are  and . Show that and are the eigenfunctions of x. (3+1+2)+(2+2)
2 2
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T(III)-Physics-H-5 (4)
10. (a) Write down the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom assuming the nucleus heavy. Obtain
the radial part of the equation.
(b) In the ground state of hydrogen atom show that the probability P for the electron to lie within a
sphere of radius R is

 2R   2R 
P  1  exp    1   2 R 2 / a0 2  where  (100)  (a03 ) 1/ 2 exp ( r / a0 ).
 a0   a0 
(c) Write down the operators for L2 and Lz in polar coordinates. Hence verify that  = A sin  ei,
where A is a constant, is an eigenfunction of L2 and Lz. Find the eigenvalues. 4+2+4

Section - II
(Atomic Physics)

Answer any two questions.

11. (a) In a Stern–Gerlach experiment, a beam of silver atoms moving with a velocity ‘v’ passes through
B
an inhomogeneous magnetic field of gradient for a distance of ‘l’. After emerging from the
z
magnetic field, they travel a distance ‘b’ before reaching the screen. What will be the magnitude
of the splitting?
(b) What is the g-factor for an atom with a single optical electron in d 3 level?
2

(c) Consider the L-S coupling scheme for helium atom. Show that (i) 1s12s1 configuration leads to the
terms 1S0 and 3S1 while (ii) 1s12p1 configuration leads to 1P1, 3P0, 3P1 and 3P2.
4+2+(2+2)
12. (a) The spacing between the vibrational levels of CO molecule is 0.08 eV. Calculate the value of the
force constant of the CO bond. Given that the masses of C and O atoms are 2.0 × 10 –26 kg and
2.7 × 10–26 kg respectively. ( = 6.58×10–16 eV sec)
(b) Do hydrogen molecules give rise to pure vibration-rotation spectra? Justify your answer.
(c) Pure rotational spectrum is almost always seen as absorption lines, and not as emission lines.
Explain. 4+3+3

13. (a) Draw the energy level diagram for a four-level laser. Explain the requirement of each energy level.
Why is a four-level laser perferred to a three-level laser?
(b) In a He-Ne laser transition from 3S to 2P level gives a laser emission of wavelength 632.8 nm.
If the 2P level has energy equal to 15.2 × 10–19J, assuming no loss, calculate the pumping energy
required.
(c) Why do molecules show band spectra rather than line spectra? (2+3+1)+2+2