BS EN 16136:2015

BS 2000-589:2015

BSI Standards Publication

Automotive fuels —
Determination of manganese
and iron content in unleaded
petrol — Inductively coupled
plasma optical emission
spectrometry (ICP OES) method
BS EN 16136:2015 BRITISH STANDARD

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16136:2015. It
supersedes BS EN 16136:2011, dual numbered as BS 2000-589:2011,
which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee PTI/13, Petroleum Testing and Terminology.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
© The British Standards Institution 2015.
Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015

ISBN 978 0 580 83649 7

ICS 71.080.60; 75.160.20

Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from

legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2015.
BS 2000 Series
Energy Institute, under the brand of IP, publishes and sells all
Parts of BS 2000, and all BS EN and BS ISO petroleum test
methods that would be part of BS 2000, both in its annual
publication “IP Standard Test Methods for analysis and testing
of petroleum and related products, and British Standard 2000
Parts” and individually.
Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication
Date Text affected
 BS EN 16136:2015

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 16136

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM February 2015

ICS 71.080.60; 75.160.20 Supersedes EN 16136:2011

English Version

Automotive fuels - Determination of manganese and iron content

in unleaded petrol - Inductively coupled plasma optical emission
spectrometry (ICP OES) method

Carburants pour automobiles - Détermination des teneurs Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Bestimmung des Gehaltes
en fer et en manganèse dans les essences sans plomb - an Mangan und Eisen in unverbleitem Ottokraftstoff -
Méthode spectrométrique optique par plasma à couplage Optische Emissionsspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem
inductif (ICP OES) Plasma (ICP OES)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 December 2014.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16136:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

Contents Page

Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................4
3 Principle ..................................................................................................................................................4
4 Reagents .................................................................................................................................................4
5 Apparatus ...............................................................................................................................................5
6 Sampling .................................................................................................................................................6
7 Preparation of solutions .......................................................................................................................6
7.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................6
7.2 Preparation of the internal standard solution .....................................................................................7
7.3 Preparation of the manganese intermediate solution........................................................................7
7.4 Preparation of the iron intermediate solution .....................................................................................7
7.5 Preparation of the calibration solutions ..............................................................................................7
7.6 Preparation of quality control solution................................................................................................7
8 Calibration ..............................................................................................................................................8
8.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................8
8.2 Calibration of the ICP OES spectrometer ............................................................................................8
8.3 Procedure A............................................................................................................................................8
8.4 Procedure B............................................................................................................................................9
8.5 Check of calibration ..............................................................................................................................9
9 Sample analysis .................................................................................................................................. 10
9.1 Sample solution preparation ............................................................................................................. 10
9.2 Sample solution measurement.......................................................................................................... 10
10 Calculation ........................................................................................................................................... 10
11 Expression of results ......................................................................................................................... 11
12 Precision .............................................................................................................................................. 11
12.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 11
12.2 Repeatability, r .................................................................................................................................... 11
12.3 Reproducibility, R ............................................................................................................................... 11
13 Test report ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 13

2
 BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

Foreword

This document (EN 16136:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid
fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is
held by NEN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by August 2015.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 16136:2011.

The major updates are the lowering of the manganese content to allow a specification setting of 2 mg/l of
manganese in line with the FQD requirement per 2014-01-01, and the introduction in the scope of
determination of iron content, which can be added into petrol as ferrocene.

This document answers requirements originating from the amended Fuels Quality Directive (FQD, [2]).

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

3
BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

1 Scope

This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission
spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,5 mg/l
and of iron content from about 1,4 mg/l to about 6,0 mg/l in unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m)
oxygen.

WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

NOTE 1 Manganese as MMT and iron as ferrocene are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties.

NOTE 2 Solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if petrol
samples are exposed to light prior the analysis.

Iron and manganese contents higher than 6,0 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively may be measured after
preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for
such a procedure. Further work regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel is on-going in CEN.

NOTE 3 For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the
mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.

2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware — One-mark volumetric flasks (ISO 1042)

EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling (ISO 3170)

EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171)

EN ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products — Laboratory determination of density —
Hydrometer method (ISO 3675)

EN ISO 12185, Crude petroleum and petroleum products — Determination of density — Oscillating U-tube
method (ISO 12185)

3 Principle

A petrol sample is diluted with a hydrocarbon solvent. The solution is introduced directly into the plasma of an
ICP OES spectrometer. Iron and manganese contents are calculated by comparison with calibration solutions
prepared from suitable iron and manganese compounds. An internal standard is employed to correct viscosity
and vapour pressure effects.

4 Reagents

Unless specified otherwise, only chemicals which are known to have a high degree of purity shall be used.

Some ready-made commercial multi-element Standard solutions may be used instead of the single element
Standard solution (4.4 and 4.5).

4
 BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

IMPORTANT — In the case of using several mono-element Standard solutions, attention shall be paid
to ensure that they are free of other analyte elements.

4.1 Kerosene, boiling range between 150 °C and 250 °C, analytical reagent grade.

Other grades of kerosene with analyte concentrations below the detection limit of the instrument for the
elements under investigation may be used. In this case, perform a wavelength scan for analyte elements to
check spectral interferences.

4.2 Heptane, analytical reagent grade.

4.3 Solvent, add 25 ml heptane (4.2) to a 500 ml HDPE bottle (5.1.2) and fill to 500 ml with kerosene (4.1).

4.4 Manganese Standard solution, commercially available in oil, c(Mn) = 100 mg/kg.

4.5 Iron Standard solution, commercially available in oil, c(Fe) = 100 mg/kg.

Some commercial element Standard solutions are furnished with higher content on the market. Those
solutions may be used instead of the required solutions, but an initial mass to mass dilution has to be done
according to recommendations given in 7.4.

4.6 Element Standard solution, of one of the elements cobalt, scandium, yttrium, etc. commercially
available in oil (analyte free), for example with 1 000 mg/kg per element, available as single element
standards.

NOTE The internal Standard solutions are commonly available as single element standards with various element
contents.

4.7 Argon, with a purity of ≥ 99,995 % (V/V).

Small amounts of oxygen (purity ≥ 99,995 % (V/V)) may be added, for instance in accordance with the
operating instructions of the equipment manufacturer, to the argon gas stream using a metering valve
(30 ml/min to 100 ml/min) to prevent carbon deposits in the area of the plasma torch.

5 Apparatus

5.1 Laboratory equipment:

All glassware shall be cleaned carefully before use.

5.1.1 Glassware, usual laboratory glassware, together with the following:

5.1.1.1 Beakers, 50 ml.

5.1.1.2 Volumetric flasks, 20 ml, 50 ml and 500 ml according to EN ISO 1042, with taper sleeve and
plug.

5.1.2 Bottles, 50 ml and 500 ml, with screw caps, high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

5.1.3 Graduated pipettes or variable volume automatic pipettes, fitted with disposable polypropylene
tips capable to measure up to the nearest 0,01 ml.

CAUTION — Attention shall be paid with air displacement pipettes in the presence of volatile solvents
or petrol samples.

5.2 Analytical balance, capable of weighing to the nearest 0,1 mg.

5
BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

5.3 ICP OES spectrometer:

ICP OES spectrometer equipped for the analysis of organic liquids, with a high-frequency generator and a
nebulizer suitable for organic solvents. The use of a feed pump for sample introduction into the nebulizer is
required. Both setup and operation of the ICP OES spectrometer shall be done in accordance with operating
instructions of the manufacturer.

A cooled spray chamber may be used, provided that the temperature is controlled ± 1 °C.

Table 1 gives the recommended wavelengths. As the magnitude of the background signal highly depends on
spectral structures caused by the sample’s nature, only net intensities are to be recorded.

Table 1 — Recommended wavelengths

Element Wavelength
nm
257,610
259,372
260,569
Manganese
279,482
279,827
293,931
234,350
238,204
Iron 240,488
259,940
261,187
Cobalt 238,892
Scandium 361,383
224,306
Yttrium 360,073
371,029

6 Sampling

IMPORTANT — The laboratory shall receive a sample which is truly representative and was not
damaged or altered during transport or storage.

Unless otherwise specified in the commodity specification, samples shall be taken as described in
EN ISO 3170 or EN ISO 3171 and/or in accordance with the requirements of national regulations for the
sampling of the product under test.

The samples shall be stored in clean, opaque containers.

7 Preparation of solutions

7.1 General

In order to avoid inhomogeneity, iron and manganese standard solutions (4.4 and 4.5) shall be shaken
vigorously before use. It is strongly advised to use freshly prepared calibration solutions.

6
 BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

7.2 Preparation of the internal standard solution

Weigh 2,00 g of cobalt, scandium or yttrium stock solution (4.6) with a precision of 0,01 g in a 50 ml volumetric
flask (5.1.1.2)

Fill up to 50 ml with kerosene (4.1).

This prepared solution shall be homogenized by vigorous shaking.

The same standard batch shall be used for all samples and calibration standards.

7.3 Preparation of the manganese intermediate solution

Weigh 1,50 g ± 0,01 g of manganese standard solution (4.4) into a 50 ml HDPE bottle (5.1.2). Add solvent
(4.3) to 15,00 g ± 0,01 g. In case manganese standard solutions (4.4) with different manganese content are
used, the mass of standard solution shall be adjusted accordingly to achieve 10 mg/kg manganese content.

7.4 Preparation of the iron intermediate solution

Weigh 1,50 g ± 0,01 g of iron standard solution (4.5) into a 50 ml HDPE bottle (5.1.2). Add solvent (4.3) to
15,00 g ± 0,01 g. In case iron standard solutions (4.5) with different iron content are used, the mass of
standard solution shall be adjusted accordingly to achieve 10 mg/kg iron content.

7.5 Preparation of the calibration solutions

The calibration solutions shall be prepared as indicated in Table 2. Each mass of manganese intermediate
dilution solution (7.3) and iron intermediate dilution solution (7.4), shall be weighed to the nearest 0,001 g into
a 20 ml volumetric flask (5.1.1.2). Add exactly 1,00 ml of the internal standard solution (7.2). Fill with solvent
(4.3) to the mark.

NOTE These concentrations in Table 2 seem odd compared to the scope of determination as given in Clause 1, but
in 9.1 a dilution step for the sample is introduced.

All solutions thus prepared shall be homogenized by vigorous shaking.

The exact concentration of the calibration solution shall be calculated considering the exact weighed portion.

Table 2 — Concentration of manganese and iron in the calibration solutions

Calibration Manganese intermediate Iron intermediate Manganese Iron

solutions solution (7.3) solution (7.4) concentration concentration
g g mg/l mg/l
Blank 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
1 0,05 0,05 0,025 0,025
2 0,20 0,20 0,10 0,10
3 0,50 0,50 0,25 0,25
4 0,80 0,80 0,40 0,40

7.6 Preparation of quality control solution

A 0,15 mg/l quality control (QC) solution shall be prepared to verify sensitivity and accuracy of the calibration
curve.

7
BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

Standard solutions (4.4 and 4.5) used for the preparation of the calibration solution (7.5) shall be sourced from
a different batch, lot or supplier than those used for the preparation of quality control solutions.

Weigh 0,075 g of manganese standard solution (4.4) and 0,075 g of iron standard solution (4.5) to the nearest
0,1 mg into a 50 ml volumetric flask (5.1.1.2). Add exactly 2,50 ml of the internal standard solution (7.2). Fill
with the solvent (4.3) to the mark.

The mass given is based on manganese and iron contents of 100 mg/kg. In case a standard solution with
different element content is used, the mass shall be adjusted accordingly to obtain the specified element
content.

All solutions prepared shall be homogenized by shaking.

8 Calibration

8.1 General

The ICP OES spectrometer set up and instrument check are performed according to the instructions from the
manufacturer. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for setting up the instrument with organic solutions.

The choice of the instrumental parameters is determined to obtain the best signal/background ratio for both
elements.

Net intensity of analytical lines shall be calculated by subtracting the intensity measured at appropriate
background wavelengths. The background subtraction shall be performed at wavelengths not affected by
other lines. Some instruments are equipped with software which allows the automatic correction of the
background.

8.2 Calibration of the ICP OES spectrometer

The calibration of the ICP OES spectrometer shall be done by the measurement of the blank solution and of
the calibration solutions (7.5) using three replicates. At least one of the wavelengths recommended in Table 1
shall be used. It is important to ensure that the wavelengths used in calibration also match exactly the ones
used in the sample measurement.

Depending on the spectrometer software, follow either procedure A or B.

8.3 Procedure A

For each element under investigation, conduct the aspiration of the calibration solutions (7.5).

For each calibration solution and for each element, measure the net emission intensity of iron, IFe, and of
manganese, IMn and the net emission intensity of the internal standard, IIS, at the chosen wavelengths.

Calculate the intensity ratio of iron, FFe, and of manganese, FMn, of each calibration solution using the
following formulae:

IFe
FFe = (1)
IIS

IMn
FMn = (2)
IIS

A calibration curve for iron and a calibration curve for manganese are constructed using linear regression with
concentration of the element in the calibration solutions (7.5) as independent variable (X) and the

8
 BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

corresponding mean intensity ratio F of iron or of manganese as dependent variable (Y) according to the
formula for Procedure A:

YA = mA ⋅ X A + bA (3)

where

mA is the slope of the calibration line;

bA is the intercept.
This regression can be performed with built in software of the spectrometer.

8.4 Procedure B

Conduct the aspiration of the blank solution to measure the net emission intensity of the internal standard
(IBlank).

Conduct the aspiration of each following calibration solution (7.5) to measure the net emission intensity of iron
IFe and of manganese IMn, and of internal standard IIS.

Calculate the correction factor FC of each calibration solutions using the formula:

IBlank
Fc = (4)
IIS

Calculate the corrected intensity of iron IFeCor and of manganese IMnCor of each calibration solutions (7.5) using
the formulae:

I FeCor= Fc ⋅ I Fe (5)

I MnCor= Fc ⋅ I Mn (6)

A calibration curve for iron and a calibration curve for manganese are constructed using linear regression with
concentration of the element in the calibration solutions (7.5) as independent variable (X) and the corrected
intensity of iron and manganese as dependent variable (Y) according to the formula for Procedure B:

YB = mB ⋅ X B + bB (7)

where

mB is the slope of the calibration curve;

bB is the intercept.
This regression can be performed with built in software of the spectrometer.

8.5 Check of calibration

The calibration curves shall be checked at regular intervals to verify sensitivity and accuracy of the calibration
curve using a QC solution (see 7.6).

If the manganese or iron content of the QC solution differs from the reference value by more than 10 %,
prepare a new QC solution as in 7.6. If manganese or iron contents of the new QC solution still differs from
the reference values by more than 10 %, a new calibration shall be established. All samples which have been
analysed since the last acceptable QC should be repeated with the new calibration.

9
BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

9 Sample analysis

9.1 Sample solution preparation

Homogenize the sample by vigorous shaking. Transfer 1 ml of sample into a 20 ml volumetric flask (5.1.1.2)
by means of a pipette (5.1.3). Weigh this sample volume, ms, to the nearest 0,1 mg using the analytical
balance (5.2), add exactly 1,00 ml of the internal standard solution (7.2) and fill to the mark with kerosene
(4.1).

The solution shall be thoroughly homogenized by shaking.

The solutions shall be analysed just after the preparation.

9.2 Sample solution measurement

The determination of iron and manganese is performed with the same instrumental parameters and
wavelengths used for the calibration of the spectrometer (8.2).

Net intensity of analytical lines shall be calculated by subtracting the intensity measured at appropriate
background wavelengths. The background subtraction shall be performed at wavelengths not affected by
other lines.

Perform three measurements of the net emission intensity of manganese, IMn, and of iron, IFe, at the chosen
wavelengths and calculate the mean values.

The relative standard deviation (RSD) of IIS shall not be higher than 3 %, otherwise that might indicate
nebuliser problem.

A maximum variation of 20 % of the intensity of the internal standard from the first calibration blank is
accepted. In the case this variation is bigger; it might indicate problems with the instrument (blocked nebulizer)
or with the sample solution.

For procedure A (8.3), calculate the intensity ratio, RI, of each element using the corresponding Formulae (1)
and (2).

For procedure B (8.4), calculate the corrected intensity of each element using Formula (4) and the
corresponding Formulae (5) and (6).

Allow sufficient rinsing time after each sample analysis.

The drift of the spectrometric system has to be checked before and at the end of the sample series or at least
between every 10 samples using the control solution sample (7.6). If manganese content or iron content of the
control solution differs from the reference value by more than 10 %, proceed as indicated in 8.5.

10 Calculation

The content of iron and manganese of the sample solution are calculated from the intensity ratio of each
element using Formula (3) (if Procedure A is used) or from the corrected intensity of each element using
Formula (7) (if Procedure B is used). This is done with use of the appropriate software functions of the ICP
spectrometer.

The content of iron or of manganese of the petrol sample is calculated according to Formula (8):

SElement × ρ × 20
CElement = (8)
ms

where

10
 BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

CElement is the content of iron or manganese of the petrol sample, expressed in mg/l;
SElement is the content of iron or manganese of the sample solution, expressed in mg/l;
ρ is the density of the petrol sample (measured by EN ISO 12185 or EN ISO 3675 at 15 °C and
corrected to the temperature at which the analysis is done), expressed in g/ml;
20 is the volume of the tested solution in the flask (9.1), expressed in ml;
mS is the mass of sample volume used (9.1), expressed in g.

11 Expression of results

Report the content of manganese and iron in mg/l, rounded to the nearest 0,01 mg/l.

12 Precision

12.1 General

The precision given in 12.2 and 12.3 was determined by statistical examination of interlaboratory test results
in accordance with EN ISO 4259 [1].

12.2 Repeatability, r

The difference between two test results, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus under
constant operating conditions on identical test material, would in the long run, in the normal and correct
operation of the test method, exceed the following value in only one case in twenty.

Iron r = 0,034 4 X + 0,107 3 (9)

Manganese r = 0,068 2 X + 0,065 6 (10)
where

X represents the mean of the two results expressed in mg/l.

12.3 Reproducibility, R

The difference between two single and independent test results, obtained by different operators working in
different laboratories on identical test material, would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of
the test method, exceed the following value in only one case in twenty.

Iron R = 0,158 1 X + 0,492 8 (11)

Manganese R = 0,169 0 X + 0,162 6 (12)
where

X represents the mean of the two results expressed in mg/l.

13 Test report

The test report shall specify:

a) the reference to this European Standard, i.e. EN 16136;

b) all information necessary for the complete identification of the sample;

c) the sampling method used (see Clause 6);

d) the procedure used (see Clause 8)

11
BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

e) all operating details not specified in this European Standard, or regarded as optional, together with details
of any incidents which may have influenced the test result(s);

f) the test result (see Clause 11);

g) the date of the test.

12
 BS EN 16136:2015
EN 16136:2015 (E)

Bibliography

[1] EN ISO 4259, Petroleum products — Determination and application of precision data in relation to
methods of test (ISO 4259)

[2] Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending
Directive 98/70/EC as regards the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a
mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and amending Council Directive
1999/32/EC as regards the specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and repealing
Directive 93/12/EEC, OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 88-113

13
This page deliberately left blank
This page deliberately left blank
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

British Standards Institution (BSI)

BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other
standards-related publications, information and services.
BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter. British Standards and other standardization
products are published by BSI Standards Limited.

About us Revisions
We bring together business, industry, government, consumers, innovators Our British Standards and other publications are updated by amendment or revision.
and others to shape their combined experience and expertise into standards We continually improve the quality of our products and services to benefit your
-based solutions. business. If you find an inaccuracy or ambiguity within a British Standard or other
The knowledge embodied in our standards has been carefully assembled in BSI publication please inform the Knowledge Centre.
a dependable format and refined through our open consultation process.
Organizations of all sizes and across all sectors choose standards to help Copyright
them achieve their goals. All the data, software and documentation set out in all British Standards and
other BSI publications are the property of and copyrighted by BSI, or some person
Information on standards or entity that owns copyright in the information used (such as the international
We can provide you with the knowledge that your organization needs standardization bodies) and has formally licensed such information to BSI for
to succeed. Find out more about British Standards by visiting our website at commercial publication and use. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs
bsigroup.com/standards or contacting our Customer Services team or and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
Knowledge Centre. or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording
or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI. Details and advice can
Buying standards be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Department.
You can buy and download PDF versions of BSI publications, including British
and adopted European and international standards, through our website at Useful Contacts:
bsigroup.com/shop, where hard copies can also be purchased. Customer Services
If you need international and foreign standards from other Standards Development Tel: +44 845 086 9001
Organizations, hard copies can be ordered from our Customer Services team. Email (orders): orders@bsigroup.com
Email (enquiries): cservices@bsigroup.com
Subscriptions
Subscriptions
Our range of subscription services are designed to make using standards
Tel: +44 845 086 9001
easier for you. For further information on our subscription products go to
Email: subscriptions@bsigroup.com
bsigroup.com/subscriptions.
With British Standards Online (BSOL) you’ll have instant access to over 55,000 Knowledge Centre
British and adopted European and international standards from your desktop. Tel: +44 20 8996 7004
It’s available 24/7 and is refreshed daily so you’ll always be up to date. Email: knowledgecentre@bsigroup.com
You can keep in touch with standards developments and receive substantial
Copyright & Licensing
discounts on the purchase price of standards, both in single copy and subscription
format, by becoming a BSI Subscribing Member. Tel: +44 20 8996 7070
Email: copyright@bsigroup.com
PLUS is an updating service exclusive to BSI Subscribing Members. You will
automatically receive the latest hard copy of your standards when they’re
revised or replaced.
To find out more about becoming a BSI Subscribing Member and the benefits
of membership, please visit bsigroup.com/shop.
With a Multi-User Network Licence (MUNL) you are able to host standards
publications on your intranet. Licences can cover as few or as many users as you
wish. With updates supplied as soon as they’re available, you can be sure your
documentation is current. For further information, email bsmusales@bsigroup.com.

BSI Group Headquarters

389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL UK