Feed Formulation Computation 1

Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

Calabanga | Pasacao | Pili | Sipocot
Livestock and Poultry

Feed Formulation
Common Feed Ingredients
1. Banana Meal
 The product obtained after chopping, drying and grinding the ripe
banana fruit, which may either be peeled or unpeeled.
2. Blood Meal
 Ground, dried blood. It is often used as a source of lysine and also a
good source of bypass protein for ruminants.
3. Brown Sugar
 Unrefined cane sugar. It is added to feeds to enhance palatability.
4. Cassava Meal
 Produced by grinding dried, sliced cassava roots. It can be a
substitute to corn in a mixed diet up to 50%, which is about 25 –
30% of the mixed diet.
5. Copra Meal
 Also known as coconut oil meal and coconut meat meal. It is a by –
product obtained from the oil has been extracted from the dried
coconut meat.
6. Corn
 Most common grain used for feeding poultry and swine.
 There are 2 types of corn used as feedstuff, the yellow and the white
corn.
 Yellow corn is preferred because of its carotene and xanthophyll -
provides yellow pigment to chicken skin and egg yolk.
7. Corn Bran
 The outer covering of the corn grain with little or none of the starchy
part of the germ.
8. Fish Meal
 Is the clean, dried, ground tissues of undecomposed whole fish or
fish cuttings.
9. Ipil – ipil Leaf Meal
 Made from ipil – ipil leaves that are sundried and ground or milled.
 A good source of xanthophyll
10. Meat and Bone Meal
 Is the dry rendered residue of animal tissue exclusive of hair, hoof,
blood and contents of the digestive tract.
11. Molasses
 Is a by – product in the manufacture of sugar from sugarcane.
12. Rice Bran
 Is the pericarp or bran layer of rice.
13. Rough Rice
 Is commonly referred to as palay or paddy rice. It contains about 7%
crude protein
What is Crude Protein?
 CP, the first analysis given on the feed tag, is a
calculation resulting from determination of the percent
nitrogen (N) in the feed.
 It is obtained by multiplying the N content of the feed by
6.25
 Since the analysis is a measure of total N in the feed
sample, it even includes the non - protein nitrogenous
material, hence, protein determined by the analysis is
referred to as CP.
Feed Formulation
 Is a process by which different feed ingredients are proportionally
combined to give the animals the proper amount of nutrients they
need.
Factors to Consider:
 The first requirement for balancing a ration is a feeding
standard.
 The feeding standards or nutrient requirements of an animal
depend upon a number of factors. These factors include:
 Body size
 Level of production or growth
 Stress condition
 Temperature and sex
Techniques for Feed Formulation
1. Trial and Error Method
 Steps in the trial and error method are summarized as follows:
 Refer to feeding standards and list down the nutrient
requirements.
 Select suitable feed combinations that could supply the nutrient
requirements. Set an arbitrary value, considering acceptable
levels of the various feed ingredients used making sure that the
total is 1000 for easy computation.
 Compute for the total nutrients contributed by each of the
ingredients, using the feed computation table. This is done by
multiplying the amount of feed ingredient by the amount of
nutrient present in one kg of the same feed.
2. Pearson Square. A method of feed formulation that can balance
only one nutrient at a time.
Example 1: A concentrate mixture of feed containing 16% crude
protein.
Step 1. Place the % protein desired in combination of two
ingredients in the center of a square and the percent protein
content of each ingredient at the left corners.
Corn, 8. 0%
16%
SBM, 47%
Step 2. Subtract diagonally across the square, the smaller number
from the larger (disregard the sign).
Corn, 8. 0% 31.0
16%
SBM, 47% 8.0

39.0
Step 4. The parts of each ingredient can be expressed as a percentage of the total
and these can be applied to any quantity.
31.0/39.0 x 100 = 79.49%
8.0/39/0 x 100 = 20.51%
100%
Therefore, the complete mixture is:
79.49% Corn
20.51% SBM
Step 5. Check
79.49 x 8.0% = 6.36%
20.51 x 47.0% = 9.64%
16%
Example 2. Find the amount of Soy Bean Meal (45%CP)
and Corn Bran (10%CP) needed for a dietary mixture with
15%CP
SBM, 45% 5/35 x 100 = 14.29

15%
CB, 10% 30/35 x 100 = 85.71

35 100
Therefore, the complete mixture is:
14.29% Soy Bean Meal
85.71% Corn Bran
To Check:
14.29 x 45% = 6.43%
85.71 x 10% = 8.57%
15%
Compute the following:
1. Find the amount of Rice Bran (13.5% CP) and Soy
Bean Meal (43% CP) needed for a dietary mixture with
16% CP.
2. Find the amount of Corn (9% CP) and Soy Bean Meal
(40% CP) needed for a dietary mixture with 18% CP.
3. Find the amount of Corn Bran (10% CP) and Fish Meal
(55% CP) needed for a dietary mixture with 15% CP.

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Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

Livestock and Poultry

SBM, 47% 8.0

SBM, 45% 5/35 x 100 = 14.29

CB, 10% 30/35 x 100 = 85.71

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