GROUP 1

-OUR TEAM-

Aicel May T. Manusig Andrea M. Africa Atasha Kim V. Macaorog Albea Eunice P. Wines Charyl Easter O. Baldres

LEADER MEMBER MEMBER MEMBER MEMBER

AGENDA:
Introduction to the study of Globalization
The Global Economy
Market Integration
The Global Interstate
Contemporary Global Governance
 Topic:

int r o d u c t i o n t o t h e
u d y o f g l o b a l i z a t i o n
s t
Presented by: Aicel May T. Manusig
 A German–
American
economist named
Theodore Levitt
introduced the
what is term globalization.

globalization?
Globalization refers to how the
world has become more
connected economically,
politically, socially, and
culturally over time.
8 types of globalization

Political Globalization Financial Globalization

Social Globalization Cultural Globalization
Economic Globalization Ecological Globalization
Technological Globalization Geographical Globalization
 Political
Globalization
Political globalization refers to the diplomatic negotiations
between nation-states. It includes the standardization of
global rules around trade, criminality, and the rule of law.
 Social
Globalization
Also known as sociological globalization, social globalization
refers to the integration of our societies.
 Economic
Globalization
Economic globalization refers to the ways corporations do
business as multinational organizations nowadays.
 Technological
Globalization
Technological globalization refers to the spread of
technology around the world.
 Financial
Globalization
Financial globalization refers to the ease with which money
can be spread around the world.
 Cultural
Globalization
Cultural globalization refers to the spread and mixing of
cultures around the world.
 Ecological
Globalization
Ecological globalization refers to the idea that the world
needs to be considered one interconnected ecosystem.
 Geographical
Globalization
Geographical globalization refers to the idea that the world is
no longer seen as groups of distinct nations as much as it
once was.
 obalization
Access to New Markets
gl
Spread of Knowledge and Technology
Enhanced Global Cooperation and Tolerance
pros of

Increased Competition
Imbalanced Trade
ns of g t i o n Domestic Job Loss
co lob a liz a
Globalization is important because it opens many doors to various fields
of study. It broadens the educational horizons for students.

Technology in the world today has made it easier for students to find
more in-depth information that they are looking for to use for
educational purposes. Students can also learn more about other
countries because of the impact of globalization.
https://helpfulprofessor.com/types-of-globalization/

https://www.motionpoint.com/blog/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-globalization-preparing-for-
expansion/

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/whp-origins/era-7-the-great-convergence-and-divergence-
1880-ce-to-the-future/75-global-interactions-betaa/a/read-global-interactions-and-institutions-beta
 GLOBAL
ECONOMY
 ECONOMY
-Process or system by which goods and
services are produced,sold and bought in a
country or region.
 GLOBAL ECONOMY
Economies of countries are more
connected from
extraction,production,distribution,
consumption and disposal or
goods and services.
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
-Refers to the increasing independence of
world economies as a result of the growing
scale of cross-border trade of commodities
and services,flow of international capital and
wide and rapid spread of technologies.
 TYPES OF
Protectionism
ECONOMIES
UNDER
ECONOMIC Trade
GLOBALIZATI
ON Liberalization
 PROTECTIONISM
-a policy of systematic government
intervention in foreign trade with the
objective of encouraging domestic
production.This encouragement involves
giving preferential treatment to
domestic producers and discriminating
against foreign competitors.
 ADVANTAGES

1.More jobs
2.More growth opportunities.
3.Lower imports
 DISADVANTAGES
1.Increase in prices
2.Limited choices for
consumers.
3.Companies without
competition decline in quality.
 TRADE LIBERALIZATION
-Countries sign free trade
agreements.
-Transportation and communication
advancements facilitate movement of
goods and services around the world.
 ADVANTAGES
1.As it promotes free trade 3.Increase Capital
between and among Flow
countries .
2.Promotes efficient use
allocation of world
resources.
 DISADVANTAGES
1. It can affect local business and their domestic
product
2. It can exploit the natural resources due the
competition and shallow environmental
policies in a country.
 MARKET
INTEGRATION
MARKET INTEGRATION
• "It is a process which refers to the
expansion of firms by consolidating
additional marketing functions and
activities under a single managements"
(kohls and Uhl).
•Market integration refers to how easily
2 or more markets can trade with each
other
 Three basic kind of market
Integration

> Horizontal Integration

> Vertical Integration
> Conglomeration
 HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION
• In this type of integration, some marketing
agencies combine to form a union to
reduce their effective number and the
extent of actual competition in the market
and it is advantageous for the members
who join the group.
 FIRM
(Empanada)

FIRM 1 FIRM 2 FIRM 3

(Pandesal) (Monay) (Cupcake)
VERTICAL INTEGRATION
•This occurs when a firm performs more than one
activity in the sequence of the marketing process.
•It is a linking together of two or more functions in
the marketing process within a single firm or under a
single ownership.
•This type of integration makes it possible to exercise
control over both quality and quantity of the
product from the beginning of the production
process until the product is ready for the consumer.
 TWO TYPES OF VERTICAL
INTEGRATION

> Forward Integration

>Backward Integration

• Balance Vertical Integration

FORWARD INTEGRATION
If a firm assumes another function of
marketing which is closer to the
consumption function, it is a case of
forward integration. Example:
wholesaler assuming the function of
retailing
BACKWARD INTEGRATION
This involves ownership or a
combination of sources of supply.
Example: processing firm assumes the
when a function of
assembling/purchasing the produce
from the villages.
 BALANCE VERTICAL
INTEGRATION
The third type of vertical integration is a
combination of the backward and the
forward vertical integration.
CONGLOMERATION
• A combination of agencies or
activities not directly related to
each other may, when it operates
under a unified management, be
termed a conglomeration.
GLOBAL
INTERSTATE
SYSTEM
 STATE
According to Hedley Bull, States are independent
political communities each of which possesses a
government and asserts sovereignty in relation to
a particular portion of the earth's surface and
a particular segment of the human population.
GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM
It is the whole system of human interactions.
The modern world system is structured politically as an
interstate system - a system of competing and allying states.
Political scientists commonly call this the international system
and this is the focal point of the field of international relations
 Global INTERSTATE SYSTEM
World-systems are defined by the existence
of a division of labor. The modern world-system
has a multi-state political structure and therefore its
division of labor is international division of labor.
The division of labor consist of three zones according
to the prevalence profitable industries or activities: core,
semi periphery and periphery.
 DIVISION OF LABOR
CORE
- high income nations on the world economy.
This is the manufacturing base of the planet where
resources funnel in to become the technology and
wealth enjoyed by the western world today. They
are dominant capitalist countries that exploit
peripheral countries for labor and raw materials.
 DIVISION OF LABOR
SEMI-PERIPHERY
- are the middle income countries, such as India and Brazil.
These are considered semi-periphery due to their closer ties to
the global economic core.

- Semi-periphery counties share characteristics of

both core and peripheral countries.
 DIVISION OF LABOR
PERIPHERY
- called as the low-income countries, whose natural
resources or labor support the wealthier countries, first as
colonies, and now by working for multinational corporations
under neocolonialism.

- Peripheral countries are dependent on core

countries for capital and have an
underdeveloped industry.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS THAT
GOVERNS INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

1. UNITED NATIONS
3. INTERNATIONAL
MONETARY FUND

2. WORLD BANK
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS THAT
GOVERNS INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
4. WORLD TRADE
ORGANIZATION

5. WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION
CONTEMPORARY
GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE
 WHAT IS
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE?
• It refers to the various intersecting
processes that create world order.

• Encompasses the institutions,

policies, norms, procedures, and
initiatives through which states and
their citizens try to bring
predictability, stability, and order to
their responses to transnational
challenges (United Nations, 2014).
Territorial Disputes
Philippines-China relations have lately been
dominated by the territorial disputes in the

Between Philippines West Philippine Sea, which has escalated

since the naval standoff over the

and China Scarborough Shoal in April 2012 and

aggravated by issues of Chinese illegal
occupation, unlawful establishment of
infrastructures, and incidents of incursions
and encroachment within the Philippines’
exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Bilateral ties
took a downturn when the Philippine
government filed an arbitration case
against China under the United Na-tional
Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
in January 2013 challenging the legality of
China’s nine-dash line claim over the
contested waters.
 SOURCES OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
TREATIES AND INTERNATIONAL POWERFUL
ORGANIZATIONS NGO's TRANSNATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS (IO's)
• Often refers to
international
intergovernmental
organizations or groups
that are primarily
made-up of member-
states.
 THE POWER OF
INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
(IO's)
 POWER OF CLASSIFICATIONS

• Can invent and apply categories

• Create Powerful Standards

• For example "refugees" defined.

 POWER TO FIX MEANINGS

• IO's legitimate sources of information

• Meanings have effect on various policies.

• For example: Definition of Security

 POWER TO DIFFUSE NORMS

• IO's spread ideas across the world establishing global

standards.

• Experts in various fields.

• For example: WB create norms in the implementation

and conceptualization of development projects.
 POWER TO DIFFUSE NORMS

• IO's spread ideas across the world establishing global

standards.

• Experts in various fields.

• For example: WB create norms in the implementation

and conceptualization of development projects.
 PROS AND CONS OF
INTENATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS (IO's)
UNITED NATIONS
HISTORY • The most prominent international
organization in the contemporary world
founded in October 24, 1945 in San Francisco,
California, USA

• January 1, 1942-"United Nations" was

coined by US Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt.

• June 26, 1945-UN Charter was signed.

• October 24, 1945-50 nations drew up the

UN Charter in UN Conference on International
Organization.

• Poland was the last original member to join.

• It has now 193 members states since the 51

original members.
 PRESENT
• The 9th Secretary
General, Took office on
January 1, 2017.

• A former United
Nations High
Commissioner for
Refugees.
Antonio Guterres
UNITED NATIONS
MAIN ORGANS
6 UNITED NATIONS MAIN ORGANS
1.) General Assembly
2.) Security Council
3.) Economic and Social Council
4.) Trusteeship Council
5.) International Court of Justice
6.) The Secretariat
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
• The main deliberative
policy making body and
representative organ.

• Enrique A. Manalo is
the Permanent
Representative of the
Philippines to the UN.
SECURITY COUNCIL

• Considered as the
most powerful organ
• Consists of 15
member states (5
permanent, 10 elected
by GA for two-year
terms).
5 PERMANENT SECURITY COUNCIL
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
COUNCIL (ECOSOC) • The central body for
coordination, policy review,
policy dialogue, and
recommendations on social
and environmental issues
and the Implementation of
internationally agreed
development goals.

• Has 54 members elected

for three-year terms.
TRUTEESHIP COUNCIL

• Established in
1945 by UN
Charter, under
Chapter XIII.
THE SECRETARIAT
• Consists of the
Secretary-General and
10 thousands of
international UN staff
members.
• The Secretary General
is the UN Chief
Administrative Officer.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT
TO HAVE A GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE?