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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is with a feeling of great pleasure that we would like to express our most sincere heartfelt
gratitude to our project guide Mr Ijlal Ahmad Rizvi, Associate Professor, Department of
mechanical engineering, IEC college of Engineering and technology for suggesting the topic for
this report. We are greatly appreciative for his constructive suggestions during the progress of
the work and the course.
We express our sincere thanks to project incharges Mr. Amit Yadav and Mr. Asghar for their
valuable criticism and suggestions to improve the quality of this project.
We are also grateful to Prof. Nurul Hassan Laskar, head of department of Mechanical
Engineering, IEC College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida for providing us the
necessary facilities in the department.
We are also grateful to all faculty and staff members of the Department of Mechanical
Engineering for their contributions during entire course work.
Last but not the least we thanks our entire classmate and our families to support us during our
course and project.

DATE:

PLACE:

Group Members:

Ali Abbas (1109040020)

Dipak Kumar Pandey (1109040070)

Himanshu (1109040080)

KuldeepSolanki (1109040089)

Mohammed Shams (1109040106)

Mohd. Tariq (1109040109)

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
IEC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
GREATER NOIDA (U.P) 201306
2014-15

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled Continuous Variable Transmission System
submitted by Ali Abbas, Dipak Kumar Pandey, Himanshu, Kuldeep Solanki, Mohammed
Shams, Mohd. Tariq to the Uttar Pradesh Technical University Lucknow, India in partial
fulfilment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering is a
Bonafide record of the project work carried out by them under my supervision during the year
2014-2015.

Prof. Nurul Hassan Laskar Ijlal Ahmad Rizvi


Head Of Associate Profesor
Department of Mechanical Engineering Project Guide

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ABSTRACT

Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) is one of the latest technologies in automotive


industries. Many researchers applied CVT in their system especially in speed control but not
much was reported in position control. This project develops a control system design using the
concept of CVT by replacing the fixed gearing system in conventional position control system
into variable gear ratio. The variable gearing gearbox can be modelled by two continuously
separated cones with different ratio banded by a belt that transfers the power from motor to the
load. Simulation study in closed loop system is done to find how speed ratios can control
position of the output load as the ratio change from under-drive to over-drive stage. Designed
CVT system is analyzed based on settling-time, rise-time, peak-time, and overshoot compared to
the conventional fixed gearing system. The output position of designed system can be controlled
by only varying speed ratio, thus making system’s performance easily tuned from under-drive to
over-drive stage. From the analysis, designed model shows better in overshoot compared to the
fixed gearing system. As a result, a system with CVT have advantage over fixed gear and add up
a new degree of freedom in control system design, which position can be control by only varying
the speed ratio instead of applied forward and feed gain.

Keywords: CVT Continuously Variable Transmission, fixed gearing system

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CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE NO.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
CERTIFICATE ii
ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF FIGURES
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CHAPTER-1 Introduction
1.1 Driving a car with a CVT 2
1.2 Transmission Mechanics 2
1.3 Automotive Basics 3
1.4 Manual 5
1.5 Non-synchronous 6
1.6 Automatic 6

CHAPTER-2 Project Background 8


CHAPTER-3 Problem Statements 10
CHAPTER-4 Components Of CVT System 12
4.1 Dc Geared Motor 12
4.2 Controller
17
4.3 Capacitor 18
4.4 Diode 19
4.4.1 V-I Characteristic 20

4.5 Integrated Circuit


4.5.1 Integrated Circuit 20

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4.5.2 Popularity of IC’s 21

4.6 Resistor
4.6.1 Resistor symbols 23
4.6.2 Resistor symbols 24
4.6.3 Metal film resistors 25

4.7 Coils and Transformers


4.7.1 Coils 26
4.7.2 Transformers 28
4.7.3 Working principles and basic characteristics 30
4.7.4 Practical examples with coils and transformers 32

CHAPTER-5 Advantages and Disadvantages


5.1 Advantages of the CVT 34
5.2 Disadvantages of the CVT 34

References 35

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LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1.1 Curve of power and torque 4


1.2 Epicyclic gear 6
1.3 Top View Of Project Prototype 7
1.4 Side View Of Project Prototype 8
2.1 Lower gear 9
2.2 Low gear ratio 10
4.1.1 D.C.Gear motor 12
4.1.2 Internally threaded shaft 13
4.1.3 Internal parts of DC gear motor 13
4.1.4 Gear head 14
4.1.5 Gear head assembly 15
4.1.6 Gear assembly 16
4.2.1 Controller circuit diagram 17
4.4.1 Diodes 19
4.4.2 Diode symbols 19
4.4.3 V-I characteristics of a typical diode 20
4.5.1 Integrated Circuit 21
4.5.2 A CMOS 4000 IC 22
4.6.1 Resistors 24
4.6.2 Carbon film resistors 25
4.6.3 Metal film resistors 26
4.7.1 Single-layer coil 28
4.7.2 Multi-layered coil with core 28
4.7.3 High frequency coil 29
4.7.4 inductor 29
4.7.5 Various types of transformers 30
4.7.6 Transformer symbols 30
4.7.7 Transformer 31

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4.7.8 Coils and transformers 34
4.7.9 Amplifier with headphones 34

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