A Quantitative Research on The Level of Agreement of Implementing of Mandatory ROTC to

Senior High Students.

Researchers:
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Discipline is one of the most important things in a student’s life. It is crucial to follow

the discipline in School. Along with education, students must learn the discipline in School

because without the discipline; students can’t be well educated. (Ajay 2023)

In the same way that the country looks to the youth for assistance in resolving its issues, it

appears that the youth have now turned into the country's biggest problem. Youth today

belong to a very different generation than in the past. Today's young in the Philippines are

rebellious and liberated. Leonor Briones, secretary of the Department of Education, stated in

2018 that it is crucial to develop respect in students when they voice their opinions on touchy

subjects including race, gender, and religion. Social media users expressed their

disappointment at the lack of leadership, discipline, and patriotism among today's youth.

Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) is believed and seen to promote culture of

discipline and responsibility; provides opportunity to inculcate the values of patriotism,

nationalism, and character-building; provides training that will develop students' leadership

skills Jocelyn (2022). On top of that, they will obtain skills and knowledge on basic soldiery,

which in turn helps personal development and builds up one’s character. The ROTC aims to

bring better sense of purpose among the youth by building upon valuable “leader-follower”

relationship. ROTC will teach younger generations about the essence of patriotism. It will

inculcate in their minds and hearts a deep love for one’s country. (Freeman 2022)
 ROTC is provide military training to citizen soldiers in order to motivate, train, organize,

and mobilize them for national defense preparedness. Perhaps it is not unknown to everyone that

the word ROTC or Reserve Officer Training Corps is a prominent government program. ROTC

will be one of the subjects in Senior High School 11-12 where everyone will participate in intense

gun practice. Where everyone will experience hardships and body pains due to intense rehearsals.

It covers all Public School students. It aims to be trained in the methods of military discipline and

skills. The purpose of ROTC is for the students to have proper discipline and to hone the youth in

self defense and the defense of themselves and the country.

Jepoyo said in 1992 that ROTC was first implemented and subject to the UP, and the year 1935

made it mandatory for all colleges and universities. But in 2002, it was completely abolished

because of the death of a cadet in the UST. It was brutal that the cadets were killed because of

their exposure to ROTC training in the UST, but it on February 27, 2017,a l law was approved by

President Duterte to bring back the ROTC. Grade XL and Grade XII students are now required

tojoin the ROTC. The president says, " ROTC's residence is unique to former ROTC in the wake

of corruption. He said the new ROTC is not worthy of corruption. No hazing and sexual

harassment. The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) also pledged to have restrictions to

prevent ROTC's bad happenings. President Rodrigo

Statement of the Problem

Level of argreement in Implementation of (ROTC) Reserve, Officers Training corps in senior

high school.

Specificall,y it will answer the following question:

1.1 Age 1.3 Strand

1.2 Gender

2. What is the level off agreement of student on Baybay City Senior High School on

Implementing ROTC.

3. Is there a significance difference on the agreement of students o implementing ROTC

between:

1.1 Age 1.3 Strand

1.2 Gender

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to identify the level of agreement of senior high school students in implementing

the mandatory ROTC in senior high . The use if the study will be useful to teachers; parents and

future researchers.

Teachers - This study will assist them to comprehend the level of agreement of their students

about implementing mandatory ROTC in senior high school students.

Parents - This study would help and give the parents awareness as they would be aware on what

ROTC is.

Future Researcher - It will provide and give them, attribute knowledge and learnings about the

mandatory of ROTC in senior high school.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study will focus on the level of agreement of implementing of Mandatory ROTC to

Senior High students. There will be 274 student – respondents drawn from a population of
870 students using the Slovin’s formula the population will derived from 25 sections of grade

11 and grade 12 students that are heterogeneously grouped during the school year 2023-2024.

The main instrument that will be used to collect data in the study is the Likert Scale of

Rensis Likert, a 20 item survey questionnaire that will focus on the perceptions of senior high

school students in implementing of mandatory ROTC. This survey will be conducted in

Baybay City Senior High School on 19-25 of . During vacant time of the researcher as well as

the students-respondents. They will be give 5 to 10 minutes to answer the survey-

questionnaire that will be distributed room to room. This study will identify the level of

agreement of the senior high school students in implementing the mandatory ROTC program.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

ROTC program will develop the country’s capability to respond to natural calamities,

enhance the country’s capacity to counter external forces and improve the country’s

capability to counter domestic attacks. the MBROTC Program would improve the country’s
capability to defend itself from foreign invasions and domestic attacks respectively. This

implies that parents have positive perceptions toward the implementation of the MBROTC

Program in terms of the country’s disaster preparedness and national security, providing

substantial validation for the objective of the MBROTC Program when it comes to preparing

the country and its citizens in the event of a national threat or disaster. A possible explanation

for this outcome could be due to the benefits of preparing students in the event of a natural

disaster or attack. If the MBROTC Program were to be implemented, students would be

prepared to respond to events that may put the lives of the population at risk such as natural

disasters and foreign attacks. The MBROTC Program would help the country quickly defend

itself or respond to quickly recover from the effects of war or disaster. (Brecio.C et al.,2023)

According (Malaguial et al.,2023) to The ROTC program can teach their children

responsibility and discipline, according to findings. The program is effective at fostering the kids'

sense of self-discipline, leadership, and responsibility, according to their common responses.

They could also use what they have learned as a form of self-defense to keep themselves safe.

However, there were also concerns raised regarding the program. These are issues such as the

students' age and strength to undergo the program; the program's possible effect on their

academic studies; and acts of violence like hazing that are said to be the reason why the

mandatory implementation of the program was abolished. Thus, the majority of parents in the

Philippines are in favor of the senior high school ROTC program being implemented.

Filipino parents believed that ROTC inculcates values, trains students to prepare for war, and is

suitable for the country. They also thought that the Filipino youth needs discipline nowadays, that

a highly qualified official should handle ROTC, and that it should be mandatory for all, except

for the physically incapable. It was concluded that most Filipino parents favored implementing

the compulsory ROTC in senior high school as the benefits that students and the country would
derive outweigh the issues or oppositions against the proposed program (Caangay and Baradillo,

2023).

According to (Felongco ,2019) implement ROTC in senior high school to not only to be prepared

but of course to learn how to defense your self. ROTC is the way how to be prepared and how to

defense, maybe this project may help to build confidence, there are part of this project that he/she

disagree because sometimes girls are weak than boys, girls are easy to feel tired, but there are

some part that should i agree because this is for our own safety actually. Yes, boys are known to

be stronger than girls but we should think that girls have also abilities like boys. ROTC

indiscriminate gender, ROTC is to all of us, So I think its not bad to implement this project to the

senior high school. This is my own opinion to the Implementation of ROTC or Reserve Officers

Training Corps. ROTC are sometimes difficult for us to do, but i think this is important to us in

the future. ROTC helps us to improve our self i think, it should implement this project to enhance

our skills, to develop our skills.

ConceptualFramework
 Attitude

Extent

Knowledge

Level of Agreement

Psychological

Capabilities

Physical

Capabilities
HYPOTHESES

(H0): There is no significant level of agreement between Age among senior high school

students regarding the implementation of ROTC.

(HO): There is no significant level of agreement between Sex among senior high school

students regarding the implementation of ROTC.

(HO): There is no significant level of agreement between the strands among senior high

school students regarding the implementation of ROTC.

(HA): There is a significant level of agreement between Age among senior high school

students regarding the implementation of ROTC.

(HA): There is a significant level of agreement between sex among senior high school

students regarding the implementation of ROTC.

(HA): There is a signifant level of agreement between strands among seniorhigh school

students regarding the implementation of ROTC.

Definition of Terms
Level of Agreement: It is typically measured using quantitative scales, such as Likert

respondents indicate their level of agreement or disagreement with stetement related to

ROTC implementation.

Implementation of ROTC: This includes the organization, scheduling, curriculum design,

instructor training, and overall management of the program to ensure its effective delivery to

students.

ROTC (Reserve Officers' Training Corps): A program designed to provide military

training and leadership development to students, typically in secondary and higher education

institutions. The ROTC program aims to produce officers for the armed forces while instilling

qualities such as discipline, leadership, and patriotism among participants.

Senior High School Students: Students enrolled in the final years of secondary education,

typically ranging from grades 11 to 12 or equivalent levels, depending on the educational

system of the respective country.

Attitudes and Perceptions: Attitudes refer to individuals' evaluations or feelings towards a

particular object, the implementation of ROTC. Perceptions involve how individuals interpret

or understand the ROTC program and its impact on their educational experience and personal

development.

Consensus: A general agreement or alignment and indicates a shared understanding or

perspective on the benefits, drawbacks, and overall effectiveness of the ROTC program

within the school setting.

Likert Scale: A commonly used psychometric scale in survey research to measure

respondents' attitudes or agreement levels. It typically consists of a series of statements

related to the topic of interest.

socioeconomic status, and geographic location that may influence senior high school

students' attitudes and perceptions towards the implementation of ROTC.

Chater III

Methodology

This chapter present how the study will be conducted. It shows the research design,

research instrument, sampling data gathering procedure, data analysis, and statistical

treatment on the data that will be gathered.

Research Design

This study will be conducted using the comparative research design. Comparative part of

study will focus on Senior High School student’s level of agreement of Implementing of

Mandatory (ROTC) reserve officer training corps at Baybay City Senior High School. This

will use a research-made made survey.

The actual survey will be given to students respondents, during the School 2023 – 2024

Research can determine the perception of senior High school students if they agree or

disagree about Implementing (ROTC) reserve officer training corps in Baybay City senior

high school.

Research Population and Sampling/Sample

population of 2584 grade-11 students in Baybay City Senior High School. Random

sampling is an effective technique for selecting a representative sample from a larger

population. By randomly selecting students, each individual in the population has an

equal chance of being included in the sample, which helps to minimize bias and

increase the reliability of the findings.

Ramdom sampling technique is a subset has an equal probability of being choosen.

Slovens Formula

n = N / (1 + Ne2)

Research Instrument

The researchers have chosen to personally administer a survey questionnaire as the

instrument for data collection. This method allows for direct interaction between the

researchers and the participants, which can lead to a better understanding of the

questions and more accurate responses. By personally administering the

questionnaire, the researchers can also provide any necessary clarifications or

additional information to ensure that the participants fully comprehend the

questions.
The Part 1 contained the instrument that was employed in determining the level of

Agreement of Senior high school students which is adapted from the study of

(Panvelos et al.,2019)

Interventions

Conducting consultations with key stakeholders, including school administrations,

parents, teachers, and students, the researchers can gather a comprehensive

understanding of the level of agreement regarding the implementation of ROTC in

Senior High School.

Engaging with school administrations allows for a thorough examination of the

logistical aspects involved in implementing ROTC, such as infrastructure, resources,

and training facilities. Their input is crucial in assessing the feasibility By and

practicality of integrating ROTC into the school system.

Consulting with parents provides an opportunity to address any concerns they may

have regarding their children's participation in the program. It allows the researchers

to understand their perspectives, expectations, and potential benefits they see in

implementing ROTC.

Involving teachers in the consultation process is essential as they play a vital role in

facilitating the integration of ROTC into the curriculum. Their insights can help

identify how ROTC can align with existing subjects, ensuring a balanced academic

and ROTC experience for students.

primary participants in the program. Providing them with accurate and detailed

information about the benefits, objectives, and structure of the ROTC program

empowers them to make informed decisions and express their opinions and

concerns. This ensures that their voices are heard and taken into consideration.

By actively engaging all stakeholders in the consultation process, the researchers can

gather a comprehensive understanding of the level of agreement and address any

potential challenges or concerns. This collaborative approach fosters transparency,

inclusivity, and a sense of ownership among the school community.

The study will use surveys questionnaire and feedback mechanisms to collect

anonymous opinions from stakeholders allowing them to express their thoughts

from stakeholders allowing them to express their thoughts without fear of reprisal.

Data collection procedure

In order to collect data for this study, the entire campus will be Included with only

grade 11 respondents our goal is to understand about respondents opinion of the

level of agreement on Implementing (ROTC) Reserve Officers Training Corps. Our

main tool for gathering data will be a questionnaire

2584 grade 11.

Data analysis procedure

The information that h e research will collected from the participants will be

interpreted and visualized by using systematical analysis. To be specific the

researchers ill use the descriptive statistic. Descriptive statistics refers to a set of

methods used to summarize and describe the main features of a dataset, such as its

central tendency, variability, and distribution. These methods provide an overview of

the data and help identify patterns and relationships.