Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS
Batangas City

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CIVIL ENGINEERING Pre-board Examination

Monday, February 12, 2024 01:00 p.m. – 06:00 p.m.
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PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL AND DESIGN

INSTRUCTION: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only the answer for
each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer sheet
provided.
STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.

NOTE: A times B is represented by AxB or A*B. A raised to the power n is expressed as A^n.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. It comprises the bulk of the concrete.

A. Water C. Air
B. Aggregates D. Cement

2. It is the measure of how easy or difficult it is to place, consolidate and finish concrete.
A. Consistency C. Loadability
B. Plasticity D. Workability

3. It significantly influences the quality and strength of a concrete.

A. Gradation C. Water-cement Ratio
B. Fineness Test D. Admixture Application

4. A permanent inelastic deformation of material due to changes in the material caused by prolonged
application of structural stress.
A. Shrinkage C. Creep
B. Relaxation D. Deflection

5. The addition of energy absorbing components into a structural building frame to reduce lateral
deflections and lessen the stresses imparted into the frame when subjected to high wind or
seismic forces.
A. Cambering C. Bracing
B. Damp proofing D. Damping

6. Refers to the lateral displacement of one level relative to the other level above or below.
A. Storey Displacement C. Storey Drift
B. Accidental Eccentricity D. Storey Deflection

SITUATIONAL

SITUATION 1 – Refer to FIGURE PSAD-01.

A 3-m high cantilever retaining wall is acted on by an active force that varies uniformly from 3
kN/m at the top to 54 kN/m at the base. Assume that the flexural rigidity of the wall is constant.

7. Compute the maximum moment in the wall.

A. 100 kN.m C. 90 kN.m
B. 70 kN.m D. 80 kN.m
8. If the wall is simply supported at the top, compute the maximum moment in the wall.
A. 33.975 kN.m C. 31.125 kN.m
B. 40.125 kN.m D. 29.625 kN.m
9. 3. If the wall is simply supported at the top, compute the maximum shear in the wall.
A. 65.375 kN C. 68.875 kN
B. 65.875 kN D. 66.875 kN

SITUATION 2 – Refer to FIGURE PSAD-02.

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The beam is fixed at A and C and simply supported at B. The total load of the beam is w = 36 kN/m
and the length L = 8 m. The vertical reaction at B = 288 kN. Assume EI = constant.

10. What is the degree of indeterminacy of the beam under the given loading?
A. 2 C. 3
B. 1 D. 0
11. Calculate the maximum shear in the beam, in kN.
A. 288 C. 216
B. 144 D. 186
12. Calculate the maximum bending moment in the beam, in kN.m.
A. 96 C. 184
B. 192 D. 102

SITUATION 3 - A cantilever beam, 3.5 m long, carries a concentrated load, P, at mid-length.

Given:
P = 200 KN
Beam Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 GPa
Beam Moment of Inertia, I = 60.8 x 10^6 mm^4

13. How much is the beam deflection (mm) at mid-length?

A. 11.84 C. 23.50
B. 29.40 D. 14.70
14. What force (kN) should be applied at the free end to prevent deflection?
A. 62.50 C. 67.80
B. 100.0 D. 41.70
15. To limit the deflection at mid-length to 9.5 mm, how much force (kN) should be applied at the
free end?
A. 54.1 C. 129.3
B. 76.8 D. 64.7

SITUATION 4 – Refer to FIGURE PSAD-03.

W 470 mm x 105 kg/m beam of 12 mm web thickness is spliced near the support using 15 mm thick
connector plate welded to part B and bolted using 20 mm Ø A325 bolts to point A. Dimensions are:

S1 = 40 mm; S2 = 40 mm; S3 = 80 mm; S4 = 100 mm; S5 = 40 mm

Steel strength and allowable stresses are as follows:
Yield stress, Fy = 248 MPa
Bolt shear stress, Fv = 120 MPa

The load P acts an eccentricity e = 180 mm from the centroid of the bolt group. If P = 200 kN,

16. Calculate the shear load (kN) on the critical bolt at section A of the splice.
A. 20 C. 30
B. 25 D. 35
17. Calculate the torsional load (kN) on the critical bolt at section A.
A. 55.7 C. 55.0
B. 57.5 D. 57.0
18. Calculate the total critical bolt load (kN).
A. 49 C. 69
B. 59 D. 79

SITUATION 5 – Refer to FIGURE PSAD-04.

Given P = 360 kN and allowable weld stress, Fvw = 93 MPa. Use a = 200 mm, b = 400 mm.

19. Calculate the average vertical force per unit length of weld (N/mm) assuming that a = 0.
A. 350 C. 370
B. 360 D. 380
20. Calculate the resultant force per unit length of weld (N/mm) due to eccentric load.
A. 639 C. 396
B. 936 D. 966
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21. If the resultant force per unit length of the weld is 750 N/mm, find the required weld thickness
(mm).
A. 6 C. 10
B. 8 D. 12

SITUATION 6 - Refer to FIGURE PSAD-05.

From the given figure,

22. Determine the centroid measured horizontally from O.

A. 229.97 C. 144.55
B. 215.16 D. 234.64
23. Determine the centroid measured vertically from O.
A. 229.97 C. 144.55
B. 215.16 D. 234.64
24. Determine the moment of inertia in 10^9 about x-axis.
A. 13.39 C. 14.17
B. 13.67 D. 14.65
25. Determine the moment of inertia in 10^9 about point O.
A. 27.06 C. 27.56
B. 28.82 D. 28.32

SITUATION 7 - Refer to FIGURE PSAD-06.

Neglect the weights of the members.
Dimensions:
a = 3.2 m
b = 4.0 m
c = 3.0 m

26. As the load W is lifted, which of the following gives the force in bar AC?
A. (13/15) FBC C. (52/15) FBC
B. (12/13) FBC D. (13/20) FBC
27. How much is the load W relative to the force in bar BC?
A. 0.245 FBC C. 0.35 FBC
B. 0.733 FBC D. 0.267 FBC
28. Compute the value of W (kN) to cause an uplift of 30 kN at A.
A. 37.5 C. 24
B. 54 D. 13.3

SITUATION 8 – Refer to FIGURE PSAD-07.

The roof truss is acted on by a gravity load of P = 85 kN and wind loads of H1 = 11 kN, H2 = 27 kN,
and H3 = 13 kN.
Dimensions:
s = 3.0 m
h = 1.5 m

29. Compute the axial force in member CF (in kN) due to gravity load only.
A. 168 C. 52.47
B. 134.4 D. 86.9
30. Compute the resultant reaction at B (in kN) due to wind load only.
A. 13.97 C. 8.41
B. 16.5 D. 24
31. Compute the resultant reaction at A (kN) due to wind load only.
A. 16.1 C. 45
B. 34.4 D. 38

SITUATION 9 – Refer to FIGURE PSAD-08.

The beam carries the following loads:
Concentrated Live Load = 90 kN
Uniformly Distributed Live Load = 40 kN/m
Uniform Dead Load = 20 kN/m
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32. Determine the maximum positive shear at point C.
A. 100 C. 125
B. 200 D. 75
33. Determine the maximum negative shear at point C.
A. 100 C. 10
B. 200 D. 50
34. Determine the maximum positive bending moment at point C.
A. 450 C. 510
B. 800 D. 660

SITUATION 10 – Refer to FIGURE PSAD-09.

A propped beam is given.

35. What is the value of moment at the fixed support?

A. 220.33 C. 195.64
B. 147.60 D. 102.30
36. What is the deflection 4 meters from the fixed support?
A. 963.36 C. 693.63
B. 396.63 D. 639.36

SITUATION 11 - Refer to FIGURE PSAD-10.

A tripod supports a load W as shown.

37. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum load W that can be supported by the tripod
if each leg has a capacity of 10kN?
A. 22.99 kN C. 21.75 kN
B. 20.84 kN D. 24.00 kN
38. If W = 50kN, which of the following most nearly gives the force in member BD?
A. 21.75 kN C. 24.00 kN
B. 22.99 kN D. 20.84 kN
39. If W = 50kN, which of the following most nearly gives the force in member AD?
A. 21.75 kN C. 24.00 kN
B. 22.99 kN D. 20.84 kN

SITUATION 12 - Refer to FIGURE PSAD-11.

A set of vertical forces and a couple of 1200 kN-m in the plane ADGF are shown in the figure below.

40. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment about x-axis?
A. 780.95 N-m C. 1415.62 N-m
B. 2911.11 N-m D. 720 N-m
41. Which of the following most nearly gives the resultant moment at A?
A. 1769.82 N-m C. 3098.84 N-m
B. 3329.93 N-m D. 3316.16 N-m

SITUATION 13 – Refer to FIGURE PSAD-12.

The parabolic cable shown carries a uniform horizontal load of 20 kN/m.

42. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of a?

A. 17.6 m C. 30.6 m
B. 20.3 m D. 23.3 m
43. Which of the following most nearly gives the tension at A?
A. 358 kN C. 333 kN
B. 409 kN D. 400 kN
44. Which of the following most nearly gives the tension at B?
A. 437 kN C. 502 kN
B. 323 kN D. 378 kN

SITUATION 14 - Refer to FIGURE PSAD-13.

The force system shown in the figure consists of the couple C and four forces. The resultant of this
system is a 500 kN-m counterclockwise couple. All distances are in meters.

45. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of P.

A. 180 kN C. 200 kN
B. 260 kN D. 160 kN
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46. Which of the following most nearly gives the value of Q?
A. 200 kN C. 260 kN
B. 160 kN D. 180 kN
47. Which of the following is the of value of C?
A. 1440 kN-m C. 1500 kN-m
B. 1490 kN-m D. 1560 kN-m

48. Refer to FIGURE PSAD-14. What is the reaction at the right support?
A. 5.89 kN C. 5.32 kN
B. 5.67 kN D. 5.99 kN

SITUATION 15 – Refer to FIGURE PSAD-15.

The figure shows a glued, known as a finger joint, in a 6 in by 3/4" in piece of lumber.

49. Find the normal stress acting on the surface of the joint.
A. 11.21 psi C. 12.32 psi
B. 11.91 psi D. 13.66 psi
50. Find the shear stress acting on the surface of the joint.
A. 22.2 psi C. 44.4 psi
B. 33.3 psi D. 55.5 psi

51. Refer to Figure PSAD-16. The boom AC is a 4 in square steel tube with a wall thickness of 0.25
in. The boom is supported by the 0.5 in diameter pin at A, and the 0.375 in diameter cable BC.
The working stress are 25 ksi for the cable, 18 ksi for the boom and 13.6 for shear in the
pin. Neglecting the weight of the boom, determine the largest safe load P that can be applied.
A. 6.24 kips C. 5.44 kips
B. 4.56 kips D. 6.32 kips

SITUATION 16 – Refer to Figure PSAD-17.

The cylindrical tank with a spherical end cap has an outer radius of 2 m and a wall thickness of 25
mm. If the tank is pressurized to 1.5 MPa.

52. Determine the longitudinal stress in the cylinder.

A. 59.25 MPa C. 83.8 MPa
B. 118.5 MPa D. 88.3 MPa
53. Determine the circumferential stress in the cylinder.
A. 59.25 MPa C. 83.8 MPa
B. 118.5 MPa D. 88.3 MPa
54. Determine the stress in the end cap.
A. 59.25 MPa C. 83.8 MPa
B. 118.5 MPa D. 88.3 MPa

SITUATION 17 – Refer to FIGURE PSAD-18.

The wooden member, a = 50 mm, b = 75 mm in cross section is subjected to a load P = 200 kN. The
plane A-A makes an angle 15º with the x - axis.

55. What is the tensile stress at section A-A in MPa?

A. 53.33 C. 49.76
B. 51.52 D. 13.33
56. What is the shear stress at section A-A in MPa?
A. 3.43 C. 49.76
B. 51.52 D. 13.33
57. At what angle of plane A-A is the shear stress maximum?
A. 50 C. 90
B. 45 D. 25

SITUATION 18 – Refer to Figure PSAD-19.

For the figure, a = 10 cm, t = 1 cm.

58. What is the moment of inertia about y-axis?

A. 2378 cm4 C. 2873 cm4
B. 2783 cm4 D. 2387 cm4
59. What is the moment of inertia about z-axis?
A. 573 cm4 C. 375 cm4
B. 537 cm4 D. 357 cm4
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60. What is the product of inertia?
A. -945 cm4 C. 594 cm4
B. 945 cm4 D. -594 cm4

SITUATION 19 – Refer to Figure PSAD-20.

61. What is the pin reaction at A?

A. 3F C. 3.61 F
B. 4F D. 4.47 F
62. What is the roller reaction at B?
A. 3F C. 3.61 F
B. 4F D. 4.47 F
63. What is the force at the horizontal member?
A. 1.41 F (C) C. 3 F (T)
B. 1.14 F (T) D. 3 F (C)

SITUATION 20 – Refer to FIGURE PSAD-21.

Figure shows a pellet about to be fired from a sling. The total unstretched length of the rubber is
200 mm. The rubber elongates 1 mm for every 5 N force. Length a = 210 mm, b = 60 mm.

64. As the pellet is about to be released, what is the total elongation (mm) of the rubber?
A. 204.5 C. 224.3
B. 265.4 D. 354.2
65. What is the force (N) exerted in each leg of the rubber band?
A. 561 C. 854
B. 689 D. 963
66. What is the pulling force in Newtons?
A. 1540 C. 1870
B. 1110 D. 950

SITUATION 21 – Refer to Figure PSAD-22.

Due to architectural requirements, a column is of T-section as shown.
Given:
bw = 350 mm
t = 100 mm
a = 56 mm
D1 = 25 mm
D2 = 28 mm
Dt = 12 mm
Clear concrete
cover= 40 mm
Allowable Shear Stress of concrete = 0.66 MPa
Concrete Strength, f’c = 21 MPa
Steel Yield Strengths Longitudinal Bars = 415 MPa
Lateral Bars = 275 MPa

67. Find the effective depth (mm) when h = 600 mm

A. 515 C. 536
B. 508 D. 480
68. If the effective depth is 600 mm, compute the shear strength provided by the concrete from
results of simplified calculation.
A. 138.6 C. 114.2
B. 157.9 D. 187.6
69. If the effective depth is 600 mm, compute the nominal strength (kN-m) of the section.
A. 727 C. 635
B. 808 D. 864

SITUATION 22 – Refer to Figure PSAD-23.

Given:
Dimensions:
B = 2 m
b = 1 m
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a = 0.6 m
c = 0.4 m

Column Loads
P (kN) My (kN)
Dead Load 230 48
Live Load 120 28
Earthquake 25 220

70. Determine the maximum net soil pressure in kPa.

A. 344 C. 423
B. 315 D. 354
71. Calculate the length (m) of the tension side of the footing.
A. 0.48 C. 0.82
B. 0.58 D. 0.43
72. Determine the factor of safety against overturning.
A. 1.8 C. 2.5
B. 3.7 D. 1.3

SITUATION 23 - A 350mm x 600 mm beam is carrying a superimposed dead load of 25 kN/m and
superimposed live load 40 kN/m all over the span of 5 m. The beam is unrestrained. The concrete to
be used has strength of 27.6 MPa. The main reinforcement has yield strength of 415 MPa. Use steel
cover of 70 mm. Use γc = 23.54 kN/m3

73. Determine the design moment that the beam will carry in kN-m at the midspan.
A. 250.76 kN-m C. 278.38 kN-m
B. 312.29 kN-m D. 294.90 kN-m
74. Determine the required steel area in mm2.
A. 1718.36 mm2 C. 1014.37 mm2
B. 2564.97 mm2 D. 1380.82 mm2
75. Determine the number of 16-mm diameter bars.
A. 9 C. 6
B. 13 D. 7
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PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL AND DESIGN

(PLEASE DO NOT DETACH)

FIGURE PSAD-01 FIGURE PSAD-02 FIGURE PSAD-03

FIGURE PSAD-04 FIGURE PSAD-05 FIGURE PSAD-06

FIGURE PSAD-07 FIGURE PSAD-08

FIGURE PSAD-09 FIGURE PSAD-10 FIGURE PSAD-11

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FIGURE PSAD-12 FIGURE PSAD-13 FIGURE PSAD-14

FIGURE PSAD-15 FIGURE PSAD-16 FIGURE PSAD-17 FIGURE PSAD-18

FIGURE PSAD-19 FIGURE PSAD-20 FIGURE PSAD-21 FIGURE PSAD-22

FIGURE PSAD-23
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