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    11 Biology Notes Ch20 Locomotion and Movement

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    Bhagyashree Lal
    Locomotion involves the voluntary movement of an individual from one place to another through actions like walking, running, climbing, and swimming. All locomotion is a type of movement but not all movements are locomotion. The document then discusses the three main types of muscles - skeletal, visceral, and cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscles are striated, voluntary muscles associated with the skeletal system that allow for locomotion and changes in body posture. Visceral muscles are non-striated, involuntary muscles that form the inner walls of internal organs. Cardiac muscles are branched, striated, and involuntary muscles that make up the heart. The structure and sliding filament mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction is then explained

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    11 Biology Notes Ch20 Locomotion and Movement

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    Bhagyashree Lal
    25 views3 pages
    Locomotion involves the voluntary movement of an individual from one place to another through actions like walking, running, climbing, and swimming. All locomotion is a type of movement but not all movements are locomotion. The document then discusses the three main types of muscles - skeletal, visceral, and cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscles are striated, voluntary muscles associated with the skeletal system that allow for locomotion and changes in body posture. Visceral muscles are non-striated, involuntary muscles that form the inner walls of internal organs. Cardiac muscles are branched, striated, and involuntary muscles that make up the heart. The structure and sliding filament mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction is then explained

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    Locomotion involves the voluntary movement of an individual from one place to another through actions like walking, running, climbing, and swimming. All locomotion is a type of movement but not all movements are locomotion. The document then discusses the three main types of muscles - skeletal, visceral, and cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscles are striated, voluntary muscles associated with the skeletal system that allow for locomotion and changes in body posture. Visceral muscles are non-striated, involuntary muscles that form the inner walls of internal organs. Cardiac muscles are branched, striated, and involuntary muscles that make up the heart. The structure and sliding filament mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction is then explained

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    25 views3 pages

    11 Biology Notes Ch20 Locomotion and Movement

    Uploaded by

    Bhagyashree Lal
    Locomotion involves the voluntary movement of an individual from one place to another through actions like walking, running, climbing, and swimming. All locomotion is a type of movement but not all movements are locomotion. The document then discusses the three main types of muscles - skeletal, visceral, and cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscles are striated, voluntary muscles associated with the skeletal system that allow for locomotion and changes in body posture. Visceral muscles are non-striated, involuntary muscles that form the inner walls of internal organs. Cardiac muscles are branched, striated, and involuntary muscles that make up the heart. The structure and sliding filament mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction is then explained

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    CBSE Quick Revision Notes (Class-11 Biology)

    CHAPTER- 20 LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT

    Locomotion is the voluntary movement


    of an individual from one place to
    another. Walking, running, climbing,
    swimming are the example of
    locomotory motion. All locomotion are
    movement but all movements are not
    locomotion.
    • Macrophages and leucocytes in blood exhibit amoeboid movements. Coordinated movement
    in cilia in trachea to remove dusts particles and passage of ova through fallopian tube is
    example of Cilliary movements.
    • Movement of limbs, jaw, tongue and needs muscular movement. Contractile property of
    muscles is used in movement in higher organism including human beings.
    Muscles are specialized tissues of mesodermal origin. They have property like excitability,
    contractility, extensibility and elasticity.

    Muscle

    Skeletal Muslces Visceral Muscles Cardiac Muscles

    Skeletal Muscles Visceral Muscles Cardiac


    Associated with skeletal Form inner wall of internal Muscles of heart, having
    system, alternate light visceral organs, non- branching pattern,
    and dark bands striated, involuntary alternate light and dark
    (striated), voluntary and muscle, assists in bands, involuntary in
    locomotory and change movement of food action.
    in body posture function. through digestive tract
    and gametes.

    Skeletal Muscles is made up of muscles


    bundles (fascicles), held together by
    collagenous connective tissue called fascia.

    Each muscle bundle contains a number of


    muscle fibres. Each muscle fibres is lined by
    plasma membrane sarcolemma inclosing
    sarcoplasm. Partially arranged myofibrils are
    present in muscles bundle having alternate

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    light and dark bands due to presence of
    protein actin and myosin.
    Light bands contain actin and is called I-band
    (isotropic band) and dark band is called
    contain myosin, called A-band (anisotropic
    band). Both bands are present parallel to
    each other in longitudinal fashion.
    In centre of each I-band is elastic fibre called
    ‘Z’ line. In the middle of A-band is thin fibrous
    ‘M’ line. The protein of myofibrils between
    two successive ‘Z’ lines is the functional unit
    of contraction called a sarcomere.
    At resting stage thin filament overlaps the thick filament. The part of thick filament not
    overlapped is called ‘H’ zone.
    Structure of contractile Protein
    Each thin filament (actin) is made of two
    ‘F’ actins helically wounded to each
    other. Two filaments of other protein tropomyosin and troponin run parallel to each other.

    Each meromysin has globular head with short arm and tails. Globular head has ATP binding sites.
    The mechanism of muscle contraction is explained by sliding mechanism theory in which
    thin filament slide over thick filament.
    Muscle contraction start with signal
    sent by CNS via mortar neuron. Neural
    signal release neurotransmitter ( Acetyl
    choline) to generate action potential in
    the sarcolemma.

    Red fibres (aerobic muscles) contain


    myoglobin that has plenty of
    mitochondria to produce large amount of oxygen stored in them. The muscle fibres
    containing less number or myoglobin are called white fibres.
    Skeletal System
    Framework of bones and cartilage forms the
    skeletal system. In human beings, it
    consists of 206 bones and some cartilage.
    The two principle division of skeletal
    system are
    a. Axial Skeleton (80 bones)- includes skull,
    vertebral column, sternum and ribs
    constitute axial system.

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