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College of Engineering

PRINCIPLES OF STEEL DESIGN

CE-PC 325

ANALYSIS OF TENSION MEMBERS

Power Exercise 2

SUBMITTED BY:

CRISOSTOMO, NENIA C.

SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. JEJOMAR DUQUE

STEEL DESIGN

Power Exercise No.2

1. A double-angle shape is shown. The steel is A36, and the holes are for 12 mm diameter bolts.
Assume that Ae = 0.75An.

a) Determine the design tensile strength for LRFD.

b) Determine the allowable strength for ASD.

GIVEN:  A36 steel: F y =248 MPa , Fu =400 MPa

 d=12 mm
 Assume A e =0.75 An
 A g=1560 mm2
 2 L 125 x 75 x 8 LLBB
ASKED: o Design tensile strength (LRFD)
o Allowable strength (ASD)
SOLUTION: Gross Area : A g=1560 mm2

Net Area : A n= A g−N ( d+3 mm ) t

2 2
A n=1560 mm −2 (12 mm+3 mm )( 8 mm )=1320 mm

Effective Net Area: A e =0.75 An

A e =0.75 ( 1320 mm2 ) =990 mm2

a) design tensile strength (LRFD)

For Yielding:

Pu=0.9 F y A g
2 2
Pu=0.9 (248 N /mm )(1560 mm )(2 angles)
Pu=696,384 N

For Fracture:

Pu=0.75 F u A e
Pu=0.75 (400 N / mm2 )(990 mm2 )(2 angles)
Pu=594, 000 N ∨594 kN (governs)
 b) allowable strength (ASD)

For Yielding:

Pa=0.6 F y A g
2 2
Pa=0.6 (248 N /mm )(1560 mm )(2 angles)
Pa=464,256 N ∨465.26 kN

For Fracture:

Pa=0.5 F u A e
2 2
Pa=0.5 (400 N /mm )(990 mm )(2 angles )
Pa=396,000 N∨396 kN ( governs)
2. The tension member shown contains holes for 19 mm Ø bolts. At what spacing s, will the net
area for the section through one hole be the same as a rupture line passing through two
holes?
a
a

GIVEN:  d=19 mm
 Line a = Line b

ASKED: o Spacing (s)

SOLUTION s2
Line a = A g−N ( d +3 mm ) t+ t
: 4g
= A g −1 ( 19+ 3 mm ) t +0
Line a = g−22 t
A

s2
Line b = A g−N d +3 mm t + t
( )
4g
s2
= A g−2 ( 19+ 3 mm ) t+ t
4 (75)
2
s
Line b = A g−44 t+ t
300

Line a = Line b
2
A g−22 t s
= A g−44 t+ t
300
s2
22 =
300

s= √ 6600 mm∨81.24 mm
3. An L200 x 100 x 18.75 is used as a tension member, with 22 mm Ø bolts in each leg at usual
gage location. Two rows of bolts are used in the long leg, and one in the short leg. Determine
the minimum stagger, s, necessary so that only two holes need be subtracted in determining
the net area. What is the net area?
4. Determine the smallest net area of the tension member shown. The holes are for 19 mm Ø
bolts at the usual gage locations. The stagger is 37.5 mm.
 5. The tension member shown is a PL 16 × 250, and the steel is A36. The bolts are shown are 22
mm in diameter.
a. Determine the design strength for LRFD.
b. Determine the allowable strength for ASD.

GIVEN:  PL 16 x 250
 A36 steel : : F y =248 MPa , Fu =400 MPa
 d=22 mm
ASKED: o Design tensile strength (LRFD)
o Allowable strength (ASD)
SOLUTION:
Gross Area : A g=( 16 mm ) ( 250 mm )
2
A g=4,000 mm

a. Design strength (LRFD)

For Yielding:
Pu=0.9 F y A g
Pu=0.9 (248 N /mm2)(4,000 mm2)
Pu=892, 800 N∨892.8 kN

b. Allowable strength (ASD)

For Yielding:
Pa=0.6 F y A g
Pu=0.6 (248 N / mm2)(4,000 mm2 )
Pu=595, 200 N ∨595.2 kN
6. The tension member shown is an L150 × 87.5 × 8. The bolts are 19 mm in diameter. If A36
steel is used, is the member adequate for a service dead load of 138 kN and a service live
load of 138 kN?
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
7. The A double-channel shape, 2C250× 29.75, of A572 Grade 50 steel is used for a built-up
tension member as shown. The holes are for 12 mm diameter bolts. Determine the total
service load capacity if the live load is three times the dead load. The location of the centroid is
21.25 mm from the outer face of the web.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.
8. From the figure shown, diameter of holes is 20 mm. Steel plates is made up of 10 mm x 250
mm with staggered sections in the accompanying figure.

a. Compute the net area An for the plate. Use LRFD method.

b. Compute the design strength of the connection.

c. Compute the maximum value of service load T when A36 steel is used, the live load is
four times the dead load.
 9. A C12 × 30 is connected with 25 mm diameter bolts in each flange, as shown. If Fy= 345 MPa,
Fu= 448 MPa, and Ae = 0.90An, compute the following.

a. The design strength for LRFD.

b. The allowable strength for ASD.

GIVEN:  C12 x 30
 d=25 mm
 F y =345 MPa
 Fu =448 MPa
 A e =0.90 An
ASKED: o Design strength (LRFD0
o Allowable strength (ASD)
SOLUTION: Gross Area: A g=5,690 mm2
Net Area : A n= A g−N ( d+3 mm ) t
A n=5,960−2 ( 25+3 ) (12.7)
2
A n=4,978.8 mm
Effective Net Area: A e =¿ 0.90 A n
2
A e =0.90 (4,978.8 mm )
A e =4,480.92mm 2

a. Design Strength (LRFD)

For Yielding:
Pu=0.9 F y A g
Pu=0.9 (345 N /mm2)(5,690 mm 2)
Pu=1,766,745 N
For Fracture:
Pu=0.75 F u A e
2 2
Pu=0.75 (448 N /mm )(4,480.92 mm )
Pu=1,505,589.12 N ∨1,505.59 kN

b. Allowable Strength (ASD)

For Yielding:
 Pa=0.6 F y A g
2 2
Pu=0.6 (345 N /mm )(5,690mm )
Pu=1,177,830 N
For Fracture:
Pa=0.5 F u A e
2 2
Pu=0.5 (448 N / mm )(4,480.92 mm )
Pa=1,003,726.08 N∨1,003.73 kN

10. A PL 10 mm × 150 mm tension member is welded to a gusset plate as shown. The steel is
A36. Assume that Ae = Ag and compute the following.
a. The design strength for LRFD.
b. The allowable strength for ASD.

GIVEN:  PL 10 mm x 150 mm
 A36 Steel: F y =248 MPa , Fu =400 MPa
 A e= A g

ASKED: o Design strength (LRFD)

o Allowable strength (ASD)
SOLUTION Gross Area : A g=(10 mm)(150 mm)
: A g=1,500 mm
2

Effective Net Area: A e = A g

2
A e =1,500 mm

a. Design Strength (LRFD)

For Yielding:
Pu=0.9 F y A g
Pu=0.9 (248 N / mm2)(1,500 mm 2)
Pu=334, 800 N∨334.8 kN
For Fracture:
Pu=0.75 F u A e
2 2
Pu=0.75 (400 N /mm )(1,500 mm )
Pu=450,000 N

b. Allowable Strength (ASD)

For Yielding:
Pa=0.6 F y A g
2 2
Pa=0.6 (248 N /mm )(1,500 mm )
Pa=223,200 N∨223.20 kN
For Fracture:
 Pa=0.5 F u A e
2 2
Pa=0.5 (400 N /mm )(1,500 mm )
Pa=300,000 N

11. A C8 × 11.5 is connected to a gusset plate with 22 mm diameter bolts as shown. The steel
is A572 Grade 50. If the member is subjected to dead load and live load only, what is the total
service load capacity if the live-to-dead load ratio is 3? Assume that Ae = 0.85An.
a. Use LRFD.
b. Use ASD.

GIVEN:  d= 22 mm
 A572 Grade 50
 C8 x11.5
 L=3D
 A e =0.85 An
ASKED: o Total service load capacity by LRFD
o Total service load capacity by ASD
SOLUTION: Gross Area : A g=2,181 mm2
Net Area : A n= A g−N ( d+3 mm ) t
2
A n=2,181mm −2(22 mm+3 mm)(5.6 mm)
2
A n=1,901 mm
Effective Net Area : A e =0.85 An
2
A e =0.85( 1,901mm )
2
A e =1,615.85 mm

t w =5.6 mm
a. Total Service load capacity by LRFD
For Yielding:
Pu=0.9 F y A g
2 2
Pu=0.9 (345 N /mm )(2,181 mm )
Pu=677,200.5 N
For Fracture:
 Pu=0.75 F u A e
448 N /mm2
)( 1,615.85 mm2 ¿
Pu=0.75 ¿
Pu=542,925.6 N (governs)

LRFD load Combination: 1.2 D+ 1.6 L

Pu=1.2 D+1.6(3 D)
542,925.6 N =6 D
D=90,487.6 N
T= D+L
T= D+3D
T= 4D
T=4(90,487.6 N)
T =361,950.4 N or 361.95 kN

b. Total Service load capacity by ASD

For Yielding:
Pa=0.6 F y A g
2 2
Pa=0.6 (345 N /mm )(2,181mm )
Pa=451,467 N

For Fracture:
Pa=0.5 F u A e
448 N /mm2
)( 1,615.85 mm2 ¿
Pa=0.5 ¿
Pa=361,950.4 N (governs)

ASD Load Combination: D+L

Pa=D+3 D
361,950.4 N=4 D
D=90,487.6 N

T =D+ L
T =D+3 D
¿
T =4 ¿ 90,487.6 N)
T =361,950.4 N or 361.95 kN
12. The tension member is a PL 10 mm × 137.5 mm of A242 steel. It is
connected to a 10 mm thick gusset plate, also of A242 steel, with 19 mm diameter bolts as
shown. Determine the nominal block shear strength of the tension member.
13. A double-channel shape, 2C8 × 18.75, is used as a tension member. The channels are bolted
to a 10 mm gusset plate with 22 mm diameter bolts. The tension member is A572 Grade 50
steel and the gusset plate is A36. If ASD is used, how much tensile load can be applied?
Consider all limit states.
 14. Two plates each of equal thickness are bolted together with 6 -22 mm Ø A325 bolts spaced as
follows:

Calculate the allowable and design tensile load T under the following conditions:

a) Based on gross area of the plate.

b) Based on the net area of the plate.

c) Based on block shear strength.