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    Forest Ecosystem-Ii

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    zexmonlive
    Forests provide various ecological, economic, and preventive functions including regulating climate, supporting biodiversity, providing timber and non-timber forest products for economic benefits, and protecting against disasters like floods and droughts. They also enable genetic engineering and bioprospecting. However, forests face numerous threats such as overexploitation, deforestation, forest fires, fragmentation, poaching, mining, illegal logging, and infrastructure development which can degrade forests and impact local communities and global climate change.

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    Forest Ecosystem-Ii

    Uploaded by

    zexmonlive
    18 views20 pages
    Forests provide various ecological, economic, and preventive functions including regulating climate, supporting biodiversity, providing timber and non-timber forest products for economic benefits, and protecting against disasters like floods and droughts. They also enable genetic engineering and bioprospecting. However, forests face numerous threats such as overexploitation, deforestation, forest fires, fragmentation, poaching, mining, illegal logging, and infrastructure development which can degrade forests and impact local communities and global climate change.

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    FOREST ECOSYSTEM-II

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    Forests provide various ecological, economic, and preventive functions including regulating climate, supporting biodiversity, providing timber and non-timber forest products for economic benefits, and protecting against disasters like floods and droughts. They also enable genetic engineering and bioprospecting. However, forests face numerous threats such as overexploitation, deforestation, forest fires, fragmentation, poaching, mining, illegal logging, and infrastructure development which can degrade forests and impact local communities and global climate change.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views20 pages

    Forest Ecosystem-Ii

    Uploaded by

    zexmonlive
    Forests provide various ecological, economic, and preventive functions including regulating climate, supporting biodiversity, providing timber and non-timber forest products for economic benefits, and protecting against disasters like floods and droughts. They also enable genetic engineering and bioprospecting. However, forests face numerous threats such as overexploitation, deforestation, forest fires, fragmentation, poaching, mining, illegal logging, and infrastructure development which can degrade forests and impact local communities and global climate change.

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    Functions of Forests/Forest Services/Usage

    • Ecological Functions
    • Economic Functions
    • Preventive Functions
    • Genetic Engineering
    • Bioprospecting
    Example
    of each
    threat?
    • Overexploitation, also called overharvesting,
    refers to harvesting a renewable resource to
    the point of diminishing returns. Continued
    overexploitation can lead to the destruction of
    the resource.
    • The term applies to natural resources such as:
    wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game
    animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.
    • Ecologists use the term to describe populations
    that are harvested at a rate that is
    unsustainable, given their natural rates of
    mortality and capacities for reproduction.
    • A new WWF report identifies the 11 regions of
    the world where most forest loss is expected
    to occur by 2030 if we do not change the way
    we address major forest threats, such as
    mining, agriculture, illegal logging and road
    construction.
    • Regions with High levels/rates of
    deforestation in India?
    Forest Fires
    • Forest fires in Uttarakhand in
    the yr. 2016, burnt -3500 ha

    • Mainly in chir pine forest in


    Himalayan Foothills. They are
    prone to forest as their foliage
    easily catches fire.
    • Causes of forest fires include
    encroachment on forest lands
    and concealing illegal timber
    extraction. Fires are also set by
    honey and Sal seed collectors,
    to scare away wild animals, or
    to improve grass growth.
    Impacts of Uttarakhand Forest Fires
    • FD estimation ,Forest burnt -3500
    ha
    • NDRC was deployed to reduce the
    losses.
    • Destruction of biodiversity.
    • Release of carbon dust and smoke
    hence pollution and may also lead
    to melting of Himalayan glaciers-
    affect rivers and human population
    in North India.
    • Reduced tourism in Jim Corbett
    National Park and Rajaji Tiger
    Reserve.
    • Destroyed vegetation also which
    holds rainfall.
    • Disruption of kalka –shimla Railway
    line
    • Expected monetary losses-29 lakhs.
    Amazon Rainforest Forest fires, October 2019
    • Burned more than 7600 sq. kms.
    • Area-8 million sq. km,larger than
    Australia.
    • To clear the land for cattle
    ranching
    • Dry season provides
    favourable conditions.
    • Amazon, the world’s largest
    rainforest, plays the vital role
    of a carbon sink and slows
    down the rate of global
    warming. Millions of animal
    species and indigenous
    populations inhabit it.
    FOREST FRAGMENTATION AS THREAT

    AMAZON FRAGMENTATION
    • Poaching (Illegal Hunting)
    Hunting and poaching cause damage to the
    rainforest ecosystem by removing species key to the
    system's functioning. The loss of a certain single
    species can mean extinction for many
    others. (Keystone species)
    • Ex.Hunting of seed dispersers and pollinators
    can influence the structure of a forest.
    Mining
    Damming and Illegal Logging
    • Find out a
    case study of
    logging?
    Conservation of Forest
    Forest Conservation Act ,1980
    An Act to provide for the conservation of forests and for matters
    connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto.
    •It was enacted by Parliament in the Thirty-first Year of the
    Republic of India as follows:-
    1. Extent and commencement.
    (1) This Act may be called the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
    (2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu
    and Kashmir.
    (3) It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 25th day of
    October, 1980.
    •Restriction on the dereservation of forests or use of forest land
    for non-forest purpose.
    • The Act requires the approval of the central
    government before a state dereserves a reserved
    forest, uses forest land for Non forest purposes,
    assigns forest land to a private person or a
    corporation or clears land for the purpose of
    reforestation .
    • Cultivation of coffee, spices, rubber, palms, medicinal
    plants, oil bearing plants ,considered under non
    forest purposes.
    • Constitution of Advisory Committee.
    • Penalty for contravention of the provisions of the
    Act.
    • Power to make rules
    • Forest Conservation Act : A Success or a
    Failure?

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