Anatomical Term-WPS Office

Anatomical Terms
*The “anatomical position” could be described as which of the following?*
A. Lying down prone
B. Lying down supine

C. Standing displaying the ventral surface of the body
D. Standing with arms and legs abducted
Answer is C: this is the best answer. Standing is required, as is having the arms hanging parallel to the
sides, with palms facing forward.
*Which choice best describes the location of the majority of the musculo- skeletal system?*
A. It is in the dorsal cavity
B. It is in the ventral cavity
C. It is in the abdomino-pelvic cavity
D. It is not located in a body cavity
Answer is D: the musculo-skeletal system is located in the arms and legs, and surrounding, but outside
of the abdomino-pelvic, thoracic and the dorsal cavities.
*Which of the following is/are the contents of the ventral cavity?*

A. heart and lungs
B. brain and spinal cord
C. viscera
D. gut, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, bladder, internal reproductive organs.
Answer is C: this is the best answer. It is a collective term for all organs in the thoracic and abdomino-
pelvic cavities.
*Which of the stated relationships is correct?*
A. the heart is inferior to the clavicle
B. the shoulder is distal to the carpals
C. the phalanges are proximal to the metacarpals
D. the eye is medial to the eyebrows
Answer is A: The heart is indeed below (inferior) to the clavicle. All other choices are wrong.
*Which of the following is/are the contents of the dorsal body cavity?*
A. heart and lungs
B. brain and spinal cord
C. viscera
D. gut, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, bladder, internal reproductive organs.
Answer is B: dorsal refers to the back, the cavity enclosed by the skull and vertebrae.
*Which plane of the body divides it into dorsal and ventral regions?*
A. Transverse
B. Axial
C. Coronal
D. Sagittal
Answer is C: dorsal and ventral = front and back – a coronal section so divides the body into these
sections.
*The directional term “superior” in anatomy means which of the following?*

A. cephalic
B. ventral
C. caudal
D. dorsal
Answer is A: cephalic refers to the head region. While superior refers to being closer to the head than is
the other anatomical structure in question.
*Remote from the point of attachment or origin* Distal
*Closer to the point of attachment or observation.* Proximal
*Toward the tail end (hind end) of the body; in bipeds such as humans, this direction corresponds to
inferior.* Caudal
*Toward the head; in bipeds such as humans, this direction corresponds to superior.* Cephalic
*To what does the term “hypochondriac” refer?*
A. A condition of having too few chondria.
B. The region of abdomen inferior to the ribs.
C. A person who often complains of an ailment.
D. Having insufficient cartilage in the knees.
Answer is B: In this case “hypo-” means below, while “-chondr” refers to the cartilage joining the ribs to
the sternum (the costal cartilages). The regions of the abdomen immediately inferior to these rib
cartilages (on the left and right sides of the body) is what is being referred to
*If a medical image displays internal anatomy in mid-sagittal section, which of the following describes
the section?*
A. A vertical section through the nose and umbilicus that divides the body into right and left halves.
B. A cross-section through the midriff at about the level of the liver.
C. A cross-section through the upper chest at about the level of the shoulders.
D. A vertical section through the midpoint of the clavicle and through either the right or left thigh.
Answer is A: A Sagittal section divides the body into left and right portions. A mid sagittal section means
that the dividing line is in the vertical mid line of the body so that the halves are equal.
*Which of the following best describes the “anatomical position”?*
A. Standing vertically, arms held horizontally, legs apart so that the tips of the head, hands and feet lie
on an imaginary circle, drawn around the body.
B. Standing “to attention”, with hands held so that thumbs are ventral while the fifth digit is dorsal.
C. Standing “at ease” with hands clasped behind your back while adjacent and dorsal to the sacrum.
D. Standing vertically, arms parallel and lateral to the ribs with hands inferior to the elbows and
supinated.
Answer is D: The anatomical position is achieved when standing with feet comfortably apart while
displaying the ventral surface of the head, body and forearms to the same direction (forwards).
*Which term describes the location of the adrenal glands with reference to the kidneys?*
A. proximal
B. distal
C. superior
D. inferior
Answer is C: The adrenal glands are on the cephalic side of the kidneys. Being closer to the head, they
are termed “superior to the kidneys”.
*__________ plane – a vertical line which divides the body into a left section and a right section.*
Sagittal
*__________ plane – a vertical line which divides the body into a front (anterior) section and back
(posterior) section.* Coronal
*__________ plane – a horizontal line which divides the body into an upper (superior) section and a
lower (inferior) section.* Transverse
*__________ plane – a vertical line which divides the body into equal left and right sections.* Mid-
Sagittal
*Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between ______ body parts.* Two
*Give two examples of places where Extension can occur?* Elbow and knee
*Flexion refers to a movement that ________ the angle between two body parts.* Decreases
*Flexion and extension are movements that occur in the _________ plane.* sagittal
*The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis* Adduction
*The movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body.*
Abduction
*The act of bending a joint, especially a bone joint* Flexion
*The counteraction of flexion.* Extension

*Picking up an A4 paper with two fingers involves which movements?*
A.) Abduction
B.) Flexion
C.) Abduction and adduction
D.) Adduction
*Protraction and Retraction refer to the movement of the ?* scapula
*The act of rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned up or forward* Supination
*The action of rotating the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned down or back.* pronation
*The circular (or, more precisely, conical) movement of a body part, such as a ball-and-socket joint or
the eye. It consists of a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction.* Circumduction
*_______ involves the movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a
lateral direction.* Eversion
*Medial rotation is sometimes referred to as ________ rotation.* Internal
*Keeping the hand onto its back, palm up is known as the ________ position.* Supine
*Inversion and eversion are movements which occur at the ______ joint.* Ankle
*Flipping the hand from the supine position into the prone position is known as _________* pronation.
*Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are terms used to describe movements at the _________.* ankle
*When lying flat on the back, the body is __________. When lying flat on the front, the body is
_______* Supine, prone
*________ rotation is a rotational movement towards the midline.* Medial
*_________ involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole faces in a
medial direction.* Inversion
*__________ rotation is a rotating movement away from the midline.* Lateral
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate anatomical terms
*The wrist joint is ______ to the elbow joint.*.
*The knee joint is ______ to the ankle joint.*
*The nose is _____ to the mouth.*
*The lungs are ________ to the liver.*
*The eye is ____ to the nose.*

*The nose is ______ to the ears.*
*The heart is ________ to the clavicle.*
*The ribs are ______ to lungs.*
*The heart is located _______ to the manubrium of the sternum*
The arm is _________ to the hand.
A. Medial
B. B. Lateral
C. C. Proximal
D. D. Distal
C
*In the anatomical position, the subject:*
A. Is lying down.
B. Has arms placed above the head
C. Is standing upright facing the observer with the palms backward
D. Is standing upright facing the observer with the palms forward.
*The anatomical term which best describes a structure toward the head is:*
A. Superficial
B. Deep
C. Inferior
D. Superior
*The best anatomical term to describe the back region of the body would be:*
A. Ventral
B. Dorsal
C. Gluteal
D. Deep
*In the anatomical position, the thumbs point:*
A. In, toward the body
B. Out, away from the body
C. Forward
D. Backward
*The armpit or axilla is __________ to the hip.*
A. Deep
B. Superior
C. Inferior
D. Superficial
*The "6-pack of abs" is due to the rectus abdominal muscle that lies within the _______ abdominal
wall.*
A. Anterior
B. Posterior
C. Superior
D. Inferior
*The scapula (shoulder blade) is _________ to the vertebral column.*
A. Anteromedial
B. Posterolateral
C. Proximal
D. Distal
*The nose is ______ to the navel.*
A. Beside
B. Below
C. Superior
*Another name for anterior is*

A. Ventral
B. Dorsal
C. Caudal
D. None of these
Body cavities
*The body has two major cavities and several minor cavities.*
a. True
b. False
*Which structure below is not found in the thoracic cavity?*
a. Pleural cavity
b. Pericardial cavity
c. Mediastinum
d. Peritoneal cavity
*The dorsal cavity includes the cranial and thoracic cavity.*
a. True
b. False
*Which landmark separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?*
a. The peritoneum
b. The diaphragm
c. The liver
d. The bladder
*The three membranes found in the dorsal cavity that cover the spinal cord and brain are collectively
called what?*
a. Peritoneal membranes
b. Meninges
c. Serous membranes
d. None of the above
*In a serous membrane, what is the name of the membrane portion that touches and surrounds the
organ?*
a. Visceral serosa
b. Parietal serosa
c. Serous fluid
d. Meninges
*What is the name of the serous membrane that surrounds the left lung?*
a. Pleural cavity
b. Pleura
c. Pericardium
d. Peritoneum
*Which cavity is not found in the ventral cavity?*
a. Vertebral
b. Thoracic
c. Abdominopelvic
d. Pelvic
*Which cavity houses the liver?*
a. Pericardial cavity
b. Ventral cavity
c. Dorsal cavity
d. Abdominal cavity
e. Answers b and d
*What is not found in the pelvic cavity?*
a. Reproductive organs
b. The stomach
c. Parts of the large intestine (sigmoid colon and rectum)
d. The bladder
B
*The cranial cavity contains the:*
A. Spinal cord
B. Liver
C. Uterus
D. Kidneys
E. None of the above
*The only plane that can divide the body into equal halves is the:*
A. Frontal (coronal) plane
B. Oblique plane
C. Midsagittal plane
D. Transverse plane
*The lungs are separated by the:*
A. Mediastinum
B. Diaphragm
C. Pelvic cavity
D. Mesenteries
*The __________ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.*
A. Coronal
B. Transverse
C. Sagittal
D. Midsagittal
*Which of these structures is NOT found in the mediastinum?*
A. Diaphragm
B. Esophagus
C. Heart
D. Thymus gland
E. Trachea
*The cavity surrounded by the rib cage and bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm is the:*
A. Mediastinum
B. Pericardial cavity
C. Thorax
D. Abdomen
E. Pelvic cavity
*The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portion is the:*
A. Sagittal plane
B. Transverse plane
C. Oblique plane
D. Frontal plane
*The mediastinum is found in the _____ cavity.*
A. Dorsal
B. Thoracic
C. Both of the above
D. Neither of the above
*The abdominopelvic cavity is _____ to the diaphragm.*
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Contralateral
D. Ipsilateral
*The ______ plane divides the body into right and left halves.*
A. Transverse
B. Sagittal
C. Coronal
D. Oblique
E. Para-sagittal
Upper limbs
Clavicle
*The clavicle (collarbone) extends between the __________ of the sternum and the
acromion of the _______.* manubrium, scapula
*The clavicle is also known as the ______* collarbone
*It is classed as a ____ bone and can be palpated along its length.*
A.) short
B.) medullary
C.) ossified
D.) Long
D
*In thin individuals,the clavicle is ________ under the skin.* visible
*The clavicle has three main functions, list them*
Attaches the upper limb to the trunk as part of the ‘shoulder girdle’.
Protects the underlying neurovascular structures supplying the upper limb.
Transmits force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
The clavicle is a slender bone with an ‘S’ shape. When facing forward, the medial aspect is
____ , and the lateral aspect ____.
A.) convex, concave
B.) concave,convex
C.)
convex,convex
D.) concave, concave
*With the clavicle arbitrarily divided into thirds, what percent of fractures occur in the
clavicle from medial to lateral*
A.) 5%, 80%,15%

B.) 15%,80%,5%
C.) 80%,15%,5%
D.) 5%,15%,80%
*After a fracture, the lateral end of the clavicle is displaced ____ and the medial end is
pulled ____.*
A.) posterolaterally , anteromedially
B.) superiorly,inferiorly
C.) inferiorly,superiorly
D.) caudal, cephalic
*The clavicle can be divided into three parts ,list them*
It can be divided into a sternal end, a shaft and an acromial end.
*What's the attachment point of the conoid ligament.* Conoid tubercle
*What's the attachment point of the trapezoid ligament* Trapezoid line
*Which ligament is the lateral part of the coracoclavicular ligament.* Trapezoid ligament
*Which ligament is the medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament.* Conoid ligament
*What forms the sternoclavicular joint.?* Sternal (medial) end of the clavicle and the
manubrium of the sternum
*The shaft of the clavicle acts a point of origin and attachment for several muscles, list
five*
deltoid, trapezius, subclavius, pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid
*What forms the acromioclavicular joint.?* The acromial (lateral) end of the clavicle and
the acromion of the scapula
Clinical Relevance: Fracture of the Clavicle
The clavicle acts to transmit forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton. Given its
relative size, this leaves it particularly susceptible to fracture. The most common
mechanism of injury is a fall onto the shoulder or onto an outstretched hand.
*The clavicle (collarbone) extends between the __________ of the sternum and the
acromion of the _______.* manubrium, scapula
*The clavicle is also known as the ______* collarbone
*It is classed as a ____ bone and can be palpated along its length.*
A.) short
B.) medullary
C.) ossified
D.) Long
*In thin individuals,the clavicle is ________ under the skin.* visible

*The clavicle has three main functions, list them*
Attaches the upper limb to the trunk as part of the ‘shoulder girdle’.
Protects the underlying neurovascular structures supplying the upper limb.
Transmits force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
The clavicle is a slender bone with an ‘S’ shape. When facing forward, the medial aspect is
____ , and the lateral aspect ____.
A.) convex, concave
B.) concave,convex
C.) convex,convex
D.) concave, concave
*With the clavicle arbitrarily divided into thirds, what percent of fractures occur in the
clavicle from medial to lateral*
A.) 5%, 80%,15%
B.) 15%,80%,5%
C.) 80%,15%,5%
D.) 5%,15%,80%
A
*After a fracture, the lateral end of the clavicle is displaced ____ and the medial end is
pulled ____.*
A.) posterolaterally , anteromedially
B.) superiorly,inferiorly
C.) inferiorly,superiorly
D.) caudal, cephalic
*The clavicle can be divided into three parts ,list them*
It can be divided into a sternal end, a shaft and an acromial end.
*What's the attachment point of the conoid ligament.* Conoid tubercle
*What's the attachment point of the trapezoid ligament* Trapezoid line
*Which ligament is the lateral part of the coracoclavicular ligament.* Trapezoid ligament
*Which ligament is the medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament.* Conoid ligament
*What forms the sternoclavicular joint.?* Sternal (medial) end of the clavicle and the
manubrium of the sternum
*The shaft of the clavicle acts a point of origin and attachment for several muscles, list
five*
deltoid, trapezius, subclavius, pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid
*What forms the acromioclavicular joint.?* The acromial (lateral) end of the clavicle and
the acromion of the scapula
Clinical Relevance: Fracture of the Clavicle

The clavicle acts to transmit forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton. Given its
relative size, this leaves it particularly susceptible to fracture. The most common
mechanism of injury is a fall onto the shoulder or onto an outstretched hand.
*Which of the following is NOT true regarding the clavicle?*
(A) Its medial end is enlarged where it attaches to the sternum.
(B) Its lateral end is flat where it articulates with the humerus.
(C) The medial two-thirds of the shaft are convex anteriorly.
(D) The clavicle transmits shock from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.
(E) The clavicle is a “long bone” that has no medullary cavity.
*The trapezius attaches to which of the following regions of the clavicle?*

(A) lateral one-third of the clavicle
(B) conoid tubercle
(C) subclavian groove
(D) trapezoid line
(E) quadrangular tubercle
*Which of the following is NOT true in respect to the clavicle?*
(A) The clavicle varies more in shape than most other long bones.
(B) The clavicle can be pierced by a branch of the supraclavicular nerve.
(C) The clavicle is thicker and more curved in manual workers.
(D) The right clavicle is stronger than the left and is usually shorter.
(E) The clavicle is a compact bone.
E
Scapula
*Which of the following is true in respect to the scapula?*
(A) The spine of the scapula continues laterally as the coracoid process.
(B) The lateral surface of the scapula forms the glenoid cavity.
(C) The acromion is superior to the glenoid cavity and projects anterolaterally.
(D) The scapula is fastened securely to the thoracic cage at the scapulothoracic joint.
(E) The acromioclavicular joint represents the true shoulder joint.
*Fractures of the scapula typically involve*
(A) the acromion.
(B) the coracoid process.
(C) the spine.

(D) the inferior angle.
(E) the suprascapular notch.
*The scapula is also known as the ________.* shoulder blade
*The costal (anterior) surface of the scapula faces the ______.* Ribcage
*The __________ articulates with the _________ at the glenohumeral joint, and with the _________ at
the acromioclavicular joint.* Scapula , humerus , clavicle
*Two main functions of the scapula include?*
It is a triangular, flat bone, which serves as a site for attachment for many (17!) muscles.
The scapula connects the upper limb to the trunk
*The anterior surface of the scapula is also known as the ______ surface* costal
*Injury to the long thoracic nerve produces a winged appearance known as the _____* winging of the
scapula
*______ is a roughening immediately inferior to the glenoid fossa.* Infraglenoid tubercle
*The most prominent feature of the posterior scapula is the _____.* Spine
*The supraspinatus muscle originates from the _________.* Supraspinous fossa
*The ________ runs transversely across the scapula, dividing the surface into two.* Spine
*Which of the spinous fossas is more convex in shape?* Supraspinous fossa
*Which of the spinous fossas is larger?* Infraspinous fossa
*_______ is a hook-like projection, which lies just underneath the clavicle.* Coracoid process
*The projection of the spine that arches over the glenohumeral joint is the ___?* Acromion
*List two clinical correlates of the scapula*

Fractures of the Scapula
Winging of the scapula
*The scapula has ________ main articulations* two
*List the articulations of the scapula*
Glenohumeral joint – between the glenoid fossa of the scapula and the head of the humerus.
Acromioclavicular joint – between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle.
*What notch is found on the scapula?* Suprascapular notch
*The long thoracic nerve ________ the serratus anterior.* innervates
*______ is found at the superolateral angle of the scapula* Glenoid fossa
*List the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process.* the pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, and
the short head of the biceps brachii.
Humerus
*Which of the following is NOT included in the condyle of the humerus?*
(A) radial, coronoid, and olecranon fossae
(B) epicondyles
(C) trochlea
(D) capitulum
(E) greater tubercle
*Located on the distal portion of the humerus are three depressions, known as the radial,conoid and
olecranon fossae. They accommodate the forearm bones during flexion or extension at the elbow. T/F*
False
*The Radial groove of the humerus contains the?* Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
*Mid-shaft fracture of the humerus results in unopposed extension of the wrist, known as ‘wrist drop’.
T/F* False
*The surgical neck of the humerus is a frequent site of fracture – usually by a direct blow to the area, or
falling on an outstretched hand. T/F* True
*The roughened surface on the lateral side of the humeral shaft is known as the _________* deltoid
tuberosity.
*The shaft of the humerus is circular proximally and flattened distally. T/F* True
*The shaft of the humerus is not the site of attachment for various muscles except*
A.) Deltoid
B.) Biceps brachii
C.) Coracobrachialis
D.) Triceps brachii
E.) All of the above
F.) None of the above
*Damage to the surgical neck of the humerus affects abduction of the upper limb T/F* True
*The pectoralis minor inserts on the lips of the intertubercular sulcus. T/F*
*The humerus is the longest bone of the upper limb. T/F* True
*The humerus is the longest bone of the body. T/F* False

*The Anatomical neck of the humerus is more likely to fracture than the surgical neck. T/F* False
*List the six landmarks of the proximal humerus*
The proximal humerus is marked by a head, anatomical neck, surgical neck, greater and lesser tuberosity
and intertubercular sulcus.
*The head of the humerus is separated from the greater and lesser tuberosities by the surgical neck.
T/F* False
*The greater tuberosity is not located laterally on the humerus.T/F* false
*How many facets are on the greater tuberosity?* Three
*The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii emerges from the shoulder joint and runs through
the intertubercular sulcus. T/F* True
*Immediately proximal to the supraepicondylar ridges are extracapsular projections of bone, the lateral
and medial epicondyles. T/F* false
*The trochlea articulates with the_____?* Ulna
*The capitulum of the distal part of the humerus articulates with _______?* Radius
*List two main functions of the anatomical neck of the humerus*
Separates the head from the tubercules
Serve as attachment site for glenohumeral ligaments
*The medial epicondyle is more prominent. T/F* True

Bones of the forearm
*Which of the following is NOT true in respect to the ulna and radius?*
(A) The brachialis attaches to the tuberosity of the ulna.
(B) The ulnar styloid process is much larger than the radial styloid process and extends farther distally.
(C) The head of the ulna lies distally, whereas the head of the radius articulates with the humerus.
(D) The ulna is medial to the radius in the anatomical position.
(E) The bodies of these bones are firmly bound together by the interosseous membrane.
Which of the following is the lateral bone of the antebrachium?
ulna
radius*
humerus
Which of the following is the actual elbow “bone”?
olecranon process*
lateral epicondyle
radial tuberosity
The head of the radius pivots (articulates) with the __________.

capitulum*
trochlea
glenoid cavity
*The ulna and the radius are attached by the interosseous membrane. T/F* True
*In _Galeazzi’s Fracture_ the distal radius is fractured and the ulna head dislocates at the distal radio-
ulnar joint. T/F* True
*The ulna has _____ articulations* Three
*The radius has _____ articulations* four
*Radial tuberosity is a bony projection, which serves as the place of attachment of the Aponeurosis of
the biceps brachii muscle. T/F* True
*The most common type of radial fracture is the _______.* Colles’ fracture
*The ulna is the mobile bone of the forearm during supination and pronation T/F* false
*The radius lies laterally and parallel to ulna. T/F* True
*The ulna articulates with the head of the radius via the ______* Radial notch
*The ulnar shaft is triangular in shape, with three borders and three surfaces. As it moves proximally, it
increases in width. T/F* True
*The brachialis muscle attaches to the tuberosity of ulna. T/F* True
*Trochlear notch is a _wench_ shaped fossa formed by the olecranon and coronoid process and
articulates with the trochlea of the humerus. T/F* false
*List five important landmarks of the proximal ulna*
the olecranon, coronoid process, trochlear notch, radial notch and the tuberosity of ulna:
*The Olecranon is regarded as the proper elbow bone. T/F* True
*The ulna is the long bone in the antebrachium. T/F* True
*The ulna acts as the stabilising bone, with the radius pivoting to produce movement. T/F* True
Bones of the hand
*Which of the following is true regarding the carpus?*
(A) The scaphoid articulates proximally with the ulna and has a tubercle.
(B) The lunate articulates with the ulna and is broader anteriorly than posteriorly.
(C) The triquetrum articulates proximally with the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint.
(D) The pisiform lies on the palmar surface of the trapezium.
(E) It is composed of seven bones.
How many phalanges comprise the pollex (thumb)?
2*
The trapezoid (of the wrist) is __________ to the capitate.
lateral*
medial
superior
*Which of the following describes the correct order of the distal row of carpals from lateral to medial?*
(A) triquetrum, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
(B) trapezoid, trapezium, capitate, hamate
(C) trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
(D) trapezium, triquetrum, capitate, hamate
(E) scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
*Give a mnemonic for the carpal bones*
*The smallest carpal bone is the _____* pisiform
*Carpal bones are located only in the wrist T/F* false
*List the carpal bones*
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform (a sesamoid bone, formed within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris)
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate (has a projection on its palmar surface, known as the ‘hook of hamate’
*The flexor retinaculum is also known as the_____* transverse carpal ligament
*In the distal row, all of the carpal bones articulate with the metacarpals. T/F* true
*Metacarpal I – Thumb. T/F* True
*Metacarpal II – Ring finger T/F* False
*Metacarpal III – Middle finger. T/F* True
*Metacarpal IV – Index finger. T/F* False
*Metacarpal V – Little finger.* T/F True
*How many phalanges do humans posses in total on the upper limbs.?* 28
Joints
*The sternoclavicular joint . . .*
(A) . . . is a saddle-type synovial joint but functions as a ball-and-socket joint.
(B) . . . is supplied by lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial arteries.
(C) . . . is innervated by the lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
(D) . . . is the articulation of the clavicle and gladiolus of the sternum.

(E) . . . dislocates easily
*Which of the following is true in respect to the acromioclavicular joint?*
(A) It is a saddle-type synovial joint.
(B) It is strengthened by the coracohumeral and transverse humeral ligaments.
(C) It is supplied by the lateral thoracic arteries.
(D) It is innervated by the nerve to the subclavius.
(E) When dislocated, it is often referred to as a “separated shoulder.”
*Which of the following flexes the arm at the glenohumeral joint?*
(A) deltoid (posterior part)
(B) pectoralis major
(C) latissimus dorsi
(D) subscapularis
(E) infraspinatus
*In respect to movement of the arm at the glenohumeral joint, which of the following movements is
correctly paired with its prime mover?*
(A) extension . . . deltoid (posterior part)
(B) abduction . . . pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
(C) adduction . . . deltoid
(D) medial rotation . . . infraspinatus

(E) lateral rotation . . . subscapularis
*Which of the following is true in respect to the elbow joint?*
(A) It is a plane type of synovial joint.
(B) It is strengthened by the radial and ulnar cruciate ligaments.
(C) It is supplied by the cephalic and basilic arteries.
(D) It is innervated by the median and axillary nerves.
(E) It is surrounded by the intratendinous olecranon bursa, the subtendinous olecranon bursa, and the
subcutaneous olecranon bursa.
*Which of the following joints is paired correctly with its type?*
(A) proximal and distal radioulnar joints . . .condyloid type of synovial joint
(B) radiocarpal joint . . . pivot type of synovial joint
(C) intercarpal joints . . . plane type of synovial joints
(D) metacarpophalangeal joints . . . hinge type of synovial joints
(E) interphalangeal joints . . . condyloid type of synovial joints
*All carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joints are plane types of synovial joints EXCEPT for*
(A) the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
(B) the carpometacarpal joint of the fifth metacarpal.
(C) the carpometacarpal joint of the third metacarpal.

(D) the intermetacarpal joint of the 4th and 5th metacarpals.
(E) the intermetacarpal joint of the 1st and 2nd metacarpals.
Joint present between proximal end of radius and ulna with humerus is:
A. Pivot
B. Hinge joint
C. Ball and socket joint
D. Synovial joint
The sternoclavicular joint has two synovial cavities because it is completely divided by an articular disc.
True
Dislocations of tíie gleno-humeral joint are usually initially in an inferior direction because the capsule of
the shoulder joint is unsupported by muscle insertions inferiorly. True
The coraco-clavicular ligament takes strain off the acromio-clavicular joint because it is concemed in
weight transmission from the upper limb to the axial skeleton. True
The sternoclavicular joint
(A) has two separate joint cavities.

(B) Ues at the level of the second costal cartilage.
(C) is strengthened by the conoid ligament.
(D) is a fibrous joint.
(E) has none of the above properties.
The close-packed position of the shoulder joint occurs with the arm
(A) by the side of the body.
(B) at 90^ abduction with medial rotation.
(C) at 90° abduction with lateral rotation.
(D) at 180° abduction with medial rotation.
(E) at 180° abduction with lateral rotation.
Abduction at the shoulder in the scapular plane to
180*" requires
(A) a laterally rotated gleno-humeral joint.
(B) contraction of the rotator cuff muscles.
(C) retraction, elevation and upward rotation of the
scapula.
(D) more scapular rotation than gleno-humeral
movement.
(E) scapular movement followed by gleno-humeral
movement.
A
Muscles
*All of the following are medial rotators of the arm EXCEPT*
(A) latissimus dorsi
(B) teres major
(C) subscapularis
(D) infraspinatus
(E) anterior part of deltoid

D
*Which of the following muscles attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula?*
(A) pectoralis minor
(B) triceps brachii
(C) brachialis
(D) pectoralis major
(E) subclavius
*Which of the following is NOT an anterior thoracoappendicular muscle?*
(A) pectoralis major
(B) pectoralis minor
(C) deltoid
(D) subclavius
(E) serratus anterior
*Which of the following best describes the action of the pectoralis minor?*
(A) stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
(B) anchors and depresses clavicle
(C) adducts and medially rotates humerus
(D) rotates scapula
(E) flexes humerus

A
*What muscles are necessary to raise the arm above the shoulder?*
(A) first the supraspinatus, next the deltoid, and then the serratus anterior
(B) first the deltoid, next the supraspinatus, and then the serratus anterior
(C) first the supraspinatus, next the serratus anterior, and then the deltoid
(D) first the serratus anterior, next the deltoid, and then the supraspinatus
(E) first the deltoid, next the serratus anterior, and then supraspinatus
*Which of the following is an extrinsic shoulder muscle?*
(A) deltoid
(B) teres major
(C) levator scapulae
(D) teres minor
(E) supraspinatus
*A patient is asked to place the hands posteriorly on the hips and to push the elbows posteriorly against
resistance. Which muscle is being tested?*
(A) levator scapulae
(B) rhomboid
(C) trapezius
(D) latissimus dorsi
(E) serratus anterior

B
*Which of the following is true in respect to the trapezius?*
(A) It is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.
(B) Its superior fibers retract the scapula.
(C) Its middle fibers elevate the scapula.
(D) Its inferior fibers retract the scapula.
(E) Its superior and inferior fibers act together in rotating the scapula on the thoracic wall.
*Which rotator cuff muscle does NOT rotate the humerus?*
(A) supraspinatus
(B) infraspinatus
(C) teres minor
(D) subscapularis
(E) teres major
*Which of the following is an extrinsic shoulder muscle?*
(A) deltoid
(B) teres major
(C) levator scapulae
(D) teres minor
(E) supraspinatus
C
*Which of the following is NOT true in respect to the brachialis?*
(A) Its origin is the distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus.
(B) Its insertion is the coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna.
(C) It flexes the forearm in all positions.
(D) It is primarily innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, but some of its lateral part is innervated
by a branch of the radial nerve.
(E) It crosses two joints.
*A patient is asked to abduct the arm 90 degrees and then to extend the flexed forearm against
resistance. Which muscle is being tested?*
(A) triceps brachii
(B) brachialis
(C) coracobrachialis
(D) biceps brachii
(E) supinator
*The serratus anterior muscle*
(A) is a medial (downward) rotator of the scapula.
(B) is a lateral (upward) rotator of the scapula.
(C) is a retractor (adductor) of the scapula.
(D) acts in association with the subscapularis in rotation of the scapula.
(E) participates in adduction of the shoulder.

B
*Upward (lateral) rotation of the scapula is mainly produced by the*
(A) trapezius and rhomboid muscles.
(B) trapezius and serratus anterior muscles.
(C) serratus anterior and levator scapulae muscles.
(D) levator scapulae and trapezius muscles.

(E) serratus anterior and teres major muscles.
*To test for trapezius muscle paralysis, you would ask the patient to*
(A) abduct the arm fully.
(B) flex the arm fully.
(C) push against a wall.
(D) shrug the shoulder.
(E) adduct the arm against resistance.
The intrascapsular structures of the shoulder joint include the tendon of the
(A) pectoralis major muscle.
(B) subscapularis muscle.
(C) supraspinatus muscle.
(D) long head of biceps muscle.
(E) short head of biceps muscle.
D
The muscle pair most important in abduction at the glenohumeral joint is
(A) deltoid and subscapularis.

(B) deltoid and supraspinatus.
(C) supraspinatus and subscapularis.

(D) teres major and subscapularis.
(E) deltoid and teres major.
The rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder

(A) are supplied by the radial and suprascapular nerves.
(B) have important attachments to the capsule of the shoulder joint.

(C) include the teres major muscle.
(D) are the only muscles involved in lateral rotation.

(E) are all adductors of the arm at the shoulder.
Adduction at the glenohumeral joint is produced by the

(A) pectoralis minor.
(B) deltoid.
(C) supraspinatus.
(D) subclavius.
(E) pectoralis major.
E
Medial rotation at the glenohumeral joint may be performed by the
(A) subscapularis.
(B) supraspinatus.
(C) infraspinatus.
(D) teres minor.
(E) posterior fibres of deltoid.
If the trapezius is paralysed

(A) elevation of the shoulder is impaired.
(B) medial rotation of the arm is impaired.
(C) lateral rotation of the arm is impaired.

(D) the scapula cannot be protracted.
(E) medial (downward) rotation of the scapula is impaired.
A muscle not included among the medial rotators of the shoulder joint is
(A) pectoralis major.
(B) latissimus dorsi.

(C) teres major.
(D) teres minor.
(E) subscapularis.
The muscle pair which most importantly assists in elevating the arm above the head is
(A) trapezius and pectoralis minor.
(B) levator scapulae and serratus anterior.
(C) rhomboid major and serratus anterior.
(D) rhomboid major and levator scapulae.

(E) trapezius and serratus anterior.
Protractors of the scapula include the

(A) pectoralis major.
(B) subscapularis.
(C) serratus anterior.

(D) trapezius.
(E) rhomboid muscles.
The latissimus dorsi muscle

(A) is a lateral rotator of the humerus.
(B) is a lateral (upward) rotator of the scapula.
(C) lies wholly inferior to the scapula.

(D) is an adductor and extensor at the gleno-humeral joint.
(E) is an extensor and lateral rotator at the glenohumeral joint.
The deltoid muscle
(A) is supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve.

(B) acts as both a flexor and an extensor of the arm.
(C) is an adductor of the arm.
(D) acts unaided in abduction of the arm.

(E) is a depressor of the scapula.
The infraspinatus muscle

(A) is supplied by the suprascapular nerve.
(B) is supplied by the axillary nerve.
(C) is a medial rotator of the humerus.
(D) is supplied by the subscapular nerve.
A
The serratus anterior muscle

(A) is supplied by the thoracodorsal nerve.
(B) is a retractor (adductor) of the scapula.
(C) helps in abduction of the arm.
(D) rotates the scapula medially (downwards).

C
The teres major muscle

(A) is supplied by the radial nerve.
(B) runs parallel to and above the teres minor.

(C) obtains its nerve supply from the axillary nerve.
(D) assists in adduction and medial rotation of the humerus.
D
The deltoid muscle
(A) acts unaided in abduction of the ami.
(B) is a depressor of the scapula.

(C) is an adductor of the arm against resistance.
(D) acts in abduction in association with supraspinatus.

(E) is supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve.
D
The serratus anterior muscle

(A) is supplied by the thoraco-dorsal nerve.
(B) is a retractor of the scapula.
(C) helps in abduction of the arm.
(D) interdigitates with eight slips of the latissimus dorsi.
Lateral rotation of the arm at the gleno-humeral joint is
(A) produced by contraction of teres major muscle.

(B) associated with adduction of the arm at the gleno-humeral joint.
(C) produced by contraction of muscles supplied by the 5th and 6th cervical spinal nerves.
(D) produced by contraction of subclavius muscle.
(E) produced by contraction of subscapularis muscle.

C
The coracobrachialis muscle

(A) is supplied by the median nerve.
(B) is supplied by the axillary nerve.
(C) is an abductor of the humerus.

(D) is a flexor of the elbow.
The supinator muscle

(A) laterally rotates the radius around the ulna.
(B) is the only muscle producing supination.
(C) may produce flexion at the elbow.
(D) medially rotates the ulna around the radius.
(E) is supplied by the median nerve.

A
The trapezius muscle

(A) is inactive in elevation of the arm.
(B) has the same nerve supply as the teres major.
(C) aids in lateral rotation at the gleno-humeral joint.
(D) is paralysed in an upper trunk brachial plexus lesion.
(E) acts as a mechanical couple in lateral (upward) rotation of the scapula.

E
The long head of the biceps brachii muscle
(A) lies partly within the shoulder joint.
(B) runs superficial to the transverse ligament.

(C) adducts the shoulder joint.
(D) is innervated indirectly from the medial cord of the brachial plexus.
A
The triceps muscle
(A) acts at the elbow but not at the shoulder joint.
(B) is the only extensor at the elbow.
(C) is supplied by the 5th cervical segment of the spinal cord.
(D) acts mainly through its medial head in unresisted extension of the elbow.
(E) is partly supplied by the axillary nerve.
The biceps brachii muscle

(A) pronates the flexed forearm.
(B) pronates the extended forearm.
(C) is innervated by the ulnar nerve.
(D) supinates the flexed forearm.
(E) does none of the above.

(A) is a powerful pronator.
(B) is supplied by the median nerve.
(C) is a powerful supinator.

(D) is supplied by the radial nerve.
C
*The extensor carpi radialis longus tendon is crossed by which two muscles?*
(A) abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis longus
(B) extensor indicis and extensor digitorum
(C) extensor digitorum and extensor pollicis brevis
(D) abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
(E) extensor indicis and extensor carpi radialis brevis
*Which of the following is true in respect to the supinator?*
(A) It is innervated by the ulnar nerve.
(B) It supinates the forearm by rotating the ulna.
(C) It forms the floor of the cubital fossa along with the brachioradialis.
(D) It supinates the forearm when the forearm is already flexed.
(E) It rotates the radius to turn the palm anteriorly.
*Which of the following does NOT take an origin from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?*
(A) extensor carpi radialis brevis
(B) extensor carpi ulnaris
(C) abductor pollicis longus
(D) supinator
(E) extensor digiti minimi
*Which of the following is correctly paired with its nerve?*
(A) flexor pollicis longus and anterior interosseous nerve
(B) flexor digitorum profundus and anterior interosseous nerve
(C) extensor carpi radialis longus and posterior interosseous nerve
(D) brachioradialis and posterior interosseous nerve
(E) abductor pollicis longus and anterior interosseous nerve
*Which of the following does NOT abduct the hand at the wrist joint?*
(A) flexor carpi radialis
(B) extensor carpi radialis longus

(C) extensor carpi radialis brevis
(D) abductor pollicis longus
(E) palmaris longus
*Which of the following is NOT true in respect to the flexor pollicis brevis?*
(A) It is located medial to the abductor pollicis brevis.
(B) It flexes the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint.
(C) It flexes the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint.
(D) Its tendon typically contains a sesamoid bone.
(E) It is innervated by C5–C6.
*Which of the following is true in respect to the palmaris brevis?*
(A) It aids the palmaris longus in tightening the palmar aponeurosis.
(B) It is innervated by the median nerve.
(C) It is in the hypothenar compartment.
(D) It covers and protects the radial artery.
(E) It wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence and deepens the hollow of the palm.
E
*Which of the following muscles is correctly matched with the accompanying description?*
(A) lumbricals 1 and 2 . . . bipennate
(B) lumbricals 3 and 4 . . . unipennate
(C) dorsal interossei 1–4 . . . bipennate
(D) palmar interossei 1–3 . . . bipennate
(E) deltoid . . . bipennate
*Which muscle does NOT cross the elbow joint?*
(A) flexor pollicis longus
(B) pronator teres
(C) flexor carpi radialis
(D) flexor carpi ulnaris
(E) flexor digitorum superficialis
*The palmaris longus tendon is a useful guide to which nerve at the wrist?*
(A) anterior interosseous nerve
(B) posterior interosseous nerve
(C) median nerve
(D) ulnar nerve
(E) radial nerve
*To pronate the forearm, which of the following must occur?*
(A) The pronator quadratus initiates pronation, assisted later by the pronator teres.
(B) The pronator teres initiates pronation, assisted later by the pronator quadratus.
(C) The anconeus initiates pronation, assisted later by the pronator teres.
(D) The pronator quadratus initiates pronation, assisted later by the anconeus.
(E) The ulnar nerve must be used.
*A patient cannot raise the trunk (as in climbing). What is most likely the problem?*
(A) damage to the ventral rami of C5–C6–C7
(B) paralysis of the latissimus dorsi
(C) injury to the dorsal scapular nerve
(D) damage to the dorsal rami of C8–T1
(E) injury to the axillary nerve
*The scapula on one side of a patient is located farther from the midline than that on the normal side.
What might be the problem?*
(A) paralysis of the rhomboids on one side

(B) injury to the long thoracic nerve
(C) a lesion of C7–C8
(D) dislocated shoulder
(E) separated shoulder
*Which of the following is true regarding rotator cuff injuries?*
(A) Injury or disease may damage the rotator cuff, causing instability of the acromioclavicular joint.
(B) The supraspinatus tendon is the most commonly torn part of the rotator cuff.
(C) The teres major takes the longest to rehabilitate of the rotator cuff muscles.
(D) The injuries occur when the muscles pull away from their origin on the acromion.
(E) Acute tears are common in young persons.
Which of the following muscle is a synergist of the biceps brachii?
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
A
Power grip involves
(A) abduction of the thumb.
(B) palmar flexion at the wrist.
(C) opposition of the thumb.
(D) radial deviation at the wrist.

(E) none of the above.
The tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle

(A) lie deep to the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis.
(Β) divide to acconmiodate the tendons of the fiexor digitorum superficialis.

(C) are enclosed within synovial sheaths separate from those of the flexor digitorum superficialis.
(D) separate from one another distal to the flexor retinaculum.
(E) give attachment to lumbrical muscles on their medial sides.
The interossei and lumbrical muscles

(A) flex at the interphalangeal and extend at the metacaφophalangeal joints.
(B) flex at both interphalangeal and metacaφophalangeal joints.
(C) flex at the distal inteφhalangeal and extend at the proximal inteφhalangeal joints.
(D) extend at the inteφhalangeal and flex at the metacaφophalangeal joints.

(E) extend at both the inteφhalangeal and metacaφophalangeal joints.
D
The middle finger
(A) is adducted by the second pahnar interosseous muscle.
(B) is flexed by the third lumbrical muscle.
(C) is adducted by the third palmar interosseous muscle.
(D) is abducted by the second dorsal interosseous muscle.
The distal palmar crease
(A) marks the distal margin of the flexor retinaculimi.

(B) is proximal to the surface marking of the superficial palmar arch.
(C) is opposite the heads of the metacarpals.
(D) is produced by movements of the fingers.
(E) marks the distal limit of the radial buisa.
The abductor pollicis longus muscle

(A) is supplied by the radial nerve.
(B) is attached to the head of the first metacarpal.
(C) lies in the front of the forearm.
(D) extends the wrist.
(E) passes superficial to the extensor retinaculum.
The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle

(A) is supplied by the median nerve.
(B) is the sole radial extensor of the wrist.
(C) extends at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.
(D) extends at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
Pronation
(A) is dependent upon an intact ulnar nerve.
(B) is a stronger movement than supination.

(C) may be produced by extensor carpi radialis longus.
(D) is dependent upon the integrity of C6.
(E) is dependent upon an intact radial nerve.
The reflex elicited by tapping the biceps brachii tendon
(A) tests for integrity of spinal segments C6 and Cl.

(B) is an example of a 3 neurone reflex arc.
(C) is lost following a complete lesion of the median nerve.
(D) is completely lost if biceps brachii is paralysed.

(E) involves contraction of all the flexors of the elbow.
D
The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
(A) has a deep part whic h ends in tendons to the middle and ring fingers.
(B) has tendons completely enclosed in synovial sheaths.
(C) has tendons which insert into the middle phalanges.
(D) is iimervated by both median and ulnar nerves.

C
Abduction of the ring finger

(A) is produced by the contraction of the 3rd dorsal interosseous.
(B) is produced by contraction of the 4th palmar interosseous.
(C) is lost when the median nerve is cut.
(D) is retained when the ulnar nerve is cut.

The flexor carpi radialis muscle

(A) assists in supination.
(B) lies medial to the flexor poUicis longus.

(C) has a tendon which lies lateral to the radial artery.
E
The pronator teres muscle
(A) inserts into the radial tuberosity.
(B) inserts into the coronoid process.
(C) is active only during pronation.
(D) receives motor fibres from the median nerve.
(E) receives motor fibres from cord segments C7 and C8.
The palmar interossei

(A) are attached to tendons of flexor digitorum profundus.
(Β) insert into the extensor expansion.
(C) are supplied by the median nerve.
(D) adduct tiie 3rd digit.
(E) flex the middle phalanges.

(A) is a powerfiil pronator.
(B) is supplied by the median nerve.
(C) is a powerfiil supinator.
The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

(A) is partiy iimervated by the ulnar nerve.
(B) flexes at the metacarpophalangeal and extends at the interphalangeal joints.
(C) is iimervated by the radial nerve.

(D) supinates the forearm from the midprone position.
E

(A) pronates the flexed forearm.
(B) pronates the extended forearm.
(C) is iimervated by the ulnar nerve.
(D) supinates the flexed forearm.
(E) does none of the above.

D
Palmar interossei
(A) abduct the index finger.
(B) insert mto the extensor expansions of digits.
(C) are supplied by the median nerve.
(D) adduct the 3rd digit.
(E) flex the middle phalanges of digits.
The extensor pollicis longus muscle

(A) acts primarily at the interphalangeal joint.
(B) acts primarily at the metacaφophalangeal joint.

(C) accompanies the tendon of abductor pollicis longus.
(D) receives a branch from the uhiar nerve.

A
The Rhomboid Major originates from the spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae. True
There are three deep muscles located in the extrinsic shoulder group. True
The rhomboids muscles act to?

A.) Retracts and rotates the scapula.
B.) Rotates the scapula.
C.) Retracts the scapula
D.) Protracts the scapula
Rhomboid Minor originates from the spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae. True
The rhomboid minor attaches to the medial border of the scapula, at the level of the spine of scapula.
True
Both rhomboid muscles attaches to the medial border of the scapula. True
The Rhomboid Minor inserts between the scapula spine and inferior angle. False
There are two rhomboid muscles in total. False
The rhomboid major is situated superiorly to the minor. False
The rhomboid minor is situated superiorly to the major. True
The rhomboid major is situated inferiorly to the minor. True
Extrinsic muscles originate from the torso, and attach to the bones of the shoulder (clavicle, scapula or
humerus). True
Extrinsic muscles originate from the scapula and/or clavicle, and attach to the humerus. False
The cannulation of the internal jugular vein can cause trauma to the spinal accessory nerve. True
To test the accessory nerve, The patient is asked to shrug his/her shoulders. True
Which of the following is strap-like?
A.) Trapezius
B.) latissimus dorsi
C.) levator scapulae
D.) Rhomboid Major
The levator scapulae originates from the transverse processes of the
A.) C5-C8 vertebrae
B.) C2-C6 vertebrae
C.) C1-C4 vertebrae
D.) C1-C5 vertebrae
Which muscle is not innervated by the Dorsal scapular nerve?
A.) Trapezius
B.) Rhomboid Minor
D.) Rhomboid Major
Which muscle primarily elevates the scapula.
A.) Trapezius
D.) Rhomboid Major
The Latissimus Dorsi is innervated by the?
A.) Thoracodorsi nerve.
B.) Thoraxodorsal nerve.
C.) Thoracodorsal nerve.
D.) Thoracolumbar nerve.
The Latissimus Dorsi does not originates from the?

A.) iliac crest
B.) Thoracodorsal fascia
C.) inferior three ribs
D.) spinous processes of T7-T12
The fibres converge into a tendon that attaches to the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. True
Which muscle Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the upper limb?
A.) Trapezius
D.) Rhomboid Major
The Rhomboid major also receives proprioceptor fibres from C3 and C4 spinal nerves. False
The upper fibres of the trapezius elevate the scapula and rotates it during abduction of the arm. True
The middle fibres retract the scapula and the lower fibres pull the scapula inferiorly. True
In full abduction of the upper limb there must be
(i) lateral (upward) rotation of the scapula. T
(ii) retraction of the scapula. F
(iii) lateral rotation of the humerus. T
(iv) depression of the scapula. F
The pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles stand out in
(i) pushing upwards. F
(ii) shrugging the shoulder. F
(iii) elevating the arm. F
(iv) climbing a rope. T
To make the latissimus dorsi stand out by contraction against resistance it would be reasonable to ask
the subject to
(i) press forward with his hand against a flat vertical surface. F
(ii) lift his arm above his head. F

(iii) put his hand behind his head. F
(iv) put his hand on his hip and press downwards. T
The intrinsic muscles of the shoulder are also known as the scapulohumeral group. True
There are six intrinsic muscles of the shoulder. True
The deltoid muscle is shaped like an inverted triangle. True
The deltoid can be divided into an anterior, inferior and posterior part. False
The deltoid originate from the lateral one-third of the clavicle, the acromion of the humerus and the
spine of the scapula. False
The deltoid and teres muscles are innervated by the Axillary nerve. False
The deltoid attaches to the deltoid tuberosity on the lateral aspect of the humerus. True
Which of the following is false
Anterior fibres – medial rotation.
Anterior fibres – flexion
Posterior fibres – lateral rotation.
Posterior fibres – extension

Middle fibres – the major abductor of the arm
Middle fibres – abducts the arm for the first 15 degrees
The teres minor forms the inferior border of the quadrangular space. false
The teres muscles are innervated by the Lower subscapular nerve. False
the ‘gap’ that the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery pass through to reach the
posterior scapula region is the
A.) Quadrangular space
B.) Quadriceps gap
C.) Quadrangular gap
D.) Quadrangular tuberosity
The teres major attaches to the lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. False
The Teres major is referred to as the latissimus dorsi little helper as it Adducts, extends at the shoulder,
and medially rotates the arm. True
The resting tone of the rotator cuff muscles acts to ‘pull’ the humeral head into the glenoid fossa. True
The rotator cuff muscles stabilises the glenohumeral joint. True
The Supraspinatus assists deltoid for 15-90⁰ abduction. True
Both spinous rotator cuff muscles are innervated by the Suprascapular nerve. True
The supraspinatus abducts the arm 0-15⁰ True
The Infraspinatus and Teres major laterally rotates the arm. False
The Subscapularis, Latissimus dorsi and teres minor medially rotates the arm. False
Nerves
*Which of the following is actually a lateral cutaneous branch of an intercostal nerve, innervating the
skin of the medial surface of the arm?*
(A) intercostobrachial nerve
(B) superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
(C) inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
(D) medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
(E) lateral pectoral nerve
*Which of the following is NOT a branch of the radial nerve?*
(A) posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
(B) posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
(C) inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
(D) superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
(E) posterior interosseous nerve

D
*Which of the following is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?*
(A) serratus anterior
(B) rhomboid major and minor
(C) erector spinae
(D) subscapularis
(E) supraspinatus
*The axillary nerve innervates which of the following muscles?*
(A) coracobrachialis
(B) teres minor
(C) teres major
(D) subscapularis
(E) levator scapulae
*A patient tries to make a fist, but digits 2 and 3 remain partially extended. What nerve is injured?*
(A) ulnar nerve
(B) radial nerve
(C) median nerve
(D) musculocutaneous nerve

(E) axillary nerve
*Which of the following is true in respect to ulnar nerve injuries?*
(A) The injury often occurs where the nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
(B) The patient experiences numbness and tingling on the lateral part of the palm and the thumb.
(C) The patient may exhibit “waiter’s tip hand.”
(D) Patients have difficulty because they cannot flex their first, second, and third digits at the DIP joints.
(E) Power of abduction is impaired, and when the patient attempts to flex the wrist, the flexor carpi
ulnaris brings the hand to the medial side.
*Which of the following is NOT correct?*
(A) The brachial plexus is formed by the union of the ventral rami of C5 through T1.
(B) The roots of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass through the gap between the anterior
and middle scalene muscles.
(C) Gray rami contribute sympathetic fibers to each root.
(D) Each of the three trunks of the brachial plexus divide into anterior and posterior divisions.
(E) The cords of the brachial plexus surround the brachial artery
*Which of the following is NOT a supraclavicular branch of the brachial plexus?*
(A) dorsal scapular nerve
(B) lateral pectoral nerve
(C) long thoracic nerve

(D) nerve to the subclavius
(E) suprascapular nerve
*Which of the following is NOT innervated by the suprascapular nerve?*
(A) supraspinatus
(B) infraspinatus
(C) glenohumeral joint
(D) skin over superior part of scapula
(E) shoulder joint
*Which of the following is NOT a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?*
(A) upper and lower subscapular nerves
(B) thoracodorsal nerve
(C) axillary nerve
(D) radial nerve
(E) long thoracic nerve
*Which of the following nerves supply NO branches to the arm?*
(A) musculocutaneous and median
(B) radial and ulnar
(C) median and ulnar

(D) median and radial
(E) musculocutaneous and radial
*Which of the following nerves is correctly paired with its cutaneous branch?*
(A) median nerve and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
(B) musculocutaneous nerve and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
(C) ulnar nerve and posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve
(D) median nerve and medial brachial cutaneous nerve
(E) radial nerve and superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
*A patient is unable to flex the arm and forearm. Where is the lesion likely to be?*
(A) ventral rami of C3–C4
(B) ventral rami of C5–C6–C7
(C) dorsal rami of C6–C7–C8
(D) ventral rami of C8–T1
(E) dorsal rami of T1
*The radial nerve innervates muscles in the extensor compartment of the forearm, but it also innervates
the following flexor:*
(A) brachioradialis
(B) pronator teres
(C) palmaris longus

(D) pronator quadratus
(E) palmaris longus
*The deep branch of the ulnar does NOT innervate which of the following?*
(A) abductor digiti minimi
(B) flexor digiti minimi brevis
(C) lumbricals 1 and 2
(D) dorsal interossei 3 and 4
(E) palmar interossei 1 and 2
*The recurrent branch of the median nerve does NOT innervate which of the following?*
(A) abductor pollicis brevis
(B) adductor pollicis
(C) flexor pollicis brevis
(D) opponens pollicis
(E) The recurrent branch of the median nerve innervates all of the above.
*The median nerve does which of the following?*
(A) innervates the elbow joint with articular branches
(B) innervates the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus
(C) innervates the hypothenar muscles

(D) innervates lumbricals 3 and 4
(E) innervates the skin of the dorsum of the hand
*The ulnar nerve does NOT do which of the following?*
(A) innervate the elbow joint with articular branches
(B) innervate the flexor carpi ulnaris
(C) innervate the skin on the lateral part of the palm and dorsum of the hand
(D) innervate the adductor pollicis
(E) innervate the dorsal and palmar interossei
*The radial nerve does NOT do which of the following?*
(A) give a superficial branch that innervates the dorsum of the hand
(B) innervate the brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus
(C) give a deep branch that innervates the extensor carpi radialis brevis and supinator
(D) give a posterior interosseous branch that innervates all remaining extensor muscles in the posterior
compartment of the forearm
(E) innervate the glenohumeral joint
*The ulnar nerve innervates which of the following muscles in the flexor compartment?*
(A) the medial part of the flexor digitorum superficialis
(B) flexor carpi radialis

(C) pronator quadratus
(D) pronator teres
(E) the medial part of flexor digitorum profundus
*A patient has been thrown from a motorcycle,landing on the shoulder such that the neck and shoulder
are widely separated. You suspect an upper brachial plexus injury. What signs do you expect?*
(A) “clawhand”
(B) paralysis of flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, and flexor digitorum profundus
(C) adducted shoulder, medially rotated arm, and extended elbow
(D) loss of sensation in the medial forearm
(E) “wrist-drop”
*A patient exhibits “clawhand.” What might have happened?*
(A) upper brachial plexus injury
(B) acute brachial plexus neuritis
(C) compression of the cords of the brachial plexus
(D) lower brachial plexus injury
(E) damage to dorsal rami that send fibers to the brachial plexus
*The axillary nerve is damaged. What is the likely result?*
(A) The teres major atrophies.

(B) The rounded contour of the shoulder disappears.
(C) A loss of sensation may occur in the lateral forearm.
(D) The patient may lose the ability to adduct the arm.
(E) The patient may exhibit “wrist-drop.”
*Which of the following parts of the humerus is matched correctly with the nerve with which it is in
direct contact?*
(A) distal end of humerus . . . radial nerve
(B) surgical neck . . . musculocutaneous nerve
(C) radial groove . . . musculocutaneous nerve
(D) medial epicondyle . . . ulnar nerve
(E) scapular notch . . . suprascapular nerve
*“Winging” of the scapula is most likely caused by which of the following?*
(A) a lesion to the long thoracic nerve
(B) a lesion to the thoracodorsal nerve
(C) injury to the suprascapular nerve
(D) damage to the dorsal scapular nerve
(E) damage to the upper and lower subscapular nerves
Which upper extremity nerve is at risk of injury after dislocation of the shoulder
Axillary Nerve
Median Nerve
Radial Nerve
Ulnar nerve
The muscles of the thenar eminence are mainly supplied by
(A) the ulnar nerve.

(B) the median nerve.
(C) the radial nerve.

(D) the posterior interosseous nerve.
B
The ulnar nerve gives branches to
(A) the flexor pollicis longus muscle.

(B) the flexor digitorum profundus muscle.
(C) the opponens pollicis muscle.
(D) the flexor Carpi radialis muscle.
The ulnar nerve is distributed to
(A) the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle.

(B) flexor pollicis longus.
(C) pronator quadratus.
(D) abductor pollicis brevis.

The ulnar nerve supplies

(A) the 2nd dorsal interosseous muscle.
(C) extensor carpi ulnaris.
The radial nerve

(A) arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.
(B) has no cutaneous distribution.
(C) supplies the coracobrachialis muscle.
(D) supplies the radial but not the ulnar extensors of the carpus.
(E) supplies the dorsal interossei.

A
The intrinsic muscles of the hand are all supplied by the
(A) median nerve.
(B) 1st thoracic segment of the spinal cord.
(C) lateral cord of the brachial plexus.

(D) ulnar nerve.
(E) radial nerve.
B
The median nerve supplies the following muscles in the hand:

(A) all the lumbricals, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis.
(B) opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis, 1st and 2nd lumbricals.
(C) opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, 2nd and 3rd palmar interossei.
(D) opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis.
(E) opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, 1st and 2nd lumbricals.
The median nerve
(A) comes from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.
(B) supplies the abductor pollicis brevis.
(C) passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum.
(D) supplies all the lumbricals.

Β
The radial nerve

(A) supplies the skin on the lateral side of the palm of the hand.
(B) is in contact with the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
(C) is distributed to the abductor pollicis longus muscle.
(D) is distributed to the adductor pollicis muscle.

(E) is distributed to all the muscles concerned with supination.
C
The nerve most intimately related to the capsule of the shoulder joint is the
(A) radial
(B) axillary.
(C) median.
(D) ulnar.
(E) musculocutaneous.
Β
The long thoracic nerve supplies

(A) the latissimus dorsi muscle.
(B) the rhomboid major and minor muscles.

(C) the serratus anterior muscle.
(D) the subscapularis muscle.

C
The ulnar nerve

(A) enters the forearm through the pronator teres muscle.
(B) supplies the interosseous muscles.
(C) can be rolled against the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

(D) supplies the pronator quadratus muscle.
(E) passes deep to the flexor retinaculum.
Β
The radial nerve is distributed to the
(A) biceps brachii.
(B) coracobrachialis.
(C) brachioradialis.
(D) deltoid.
(E) dorsal interossei.

C
The upper trunk of the brachial plexus
(A) is derived from the 5th, 6th and 7th cervical ventral rami.
(B) gives off the musculocutaneous nerve.
(C) gives off the suprascapular nerve.
(D) gives off the axillary nerve.

(E) gives off one root of the median nerve.
C
The lateral cord of the brachial plexus
(A) gives rise to the axillary nerve.

(B) divides into the median and radial nerves.
(C) gives off the musculocutaneous nerve.
(D) is made up of the posterior divisions of the trunks.

The suprascapular nerve arises from the following parts of the brachial plexus
(A) the upper roots, 5th and 6th ventral rami.

(B) the upper trunk.
(C) the anterior division of the middle trunk.
(D) the lateral cord.

(E) the posterior division of the middle trunk.
The musculocutaneous nerve supplies
(A) the skin over the medial aspect of the forearm.
(B) the teres minor muscle.

(C) the coracobrachialis muscle.
(D) the skin over the distal and medial aspect of the arm.
(E) the teres major muscle.

C
The musculocutaneous nerve
(A) supplies the brachioradialis.
(B) supplies skin on the medial side of the arm.
(C) is derived from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.

(D) supplies the skin of the medial side of the forearm.
The axillary nerve

(A) is a terminal branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus.
(B) leaves the axilla below the teres major muscle.
(C) supplies the subscapularis muscle.
(D) supplies the teres minor and deltoid muscles.
The musculocutaneous nerve

(A) supplies the triceps.
(B) normally pierces the biceps brachii.
(C) arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus.
(D) supplies all the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm.
(E) has the root values C7, C8, Tl.
D
The innervation of the lumbrical muscles parallels the innervation of the
(A) flexor digitorum superficialis.
(Β) flexor digitorum profundus.
(C) extensor digitorum.

(D) interossei.
(E) two flexors carpi muscles.

B
The skin of the index finger is supplied by

(A) ulnar and radial nerves.
(B) radial and median nerves.

(C) median and ulnar nerves.
(D) median nerve only.
(E) radial nerve only.
B
The skin of the palm is supplied by
(A) ulnar and median nerves.
(B) radial and median nerves.
(C) radial and ulnar nerves.
(D) ulnar nerve alone.
(E) radial nerve alone.
A
Anatomical areas
*Which of the following is NOT contained in the axilla?*
(A) axillary blood vessels

(B) lymph nodes
(C) trunks and divisions of the brachial plexus
(D) axillary nerve
(E) lymph nodes
*The cubital fossa does NOT contain which of the following?*
(A) terminal part of the brachial artery
(B) deep accompanying veins of the arteries
(C) median nerve
(D) biceps brachii tendon
(E) ulnar nerve
*Which of the following is true regarding the quadrangular space?*
(A) It is bounded superiorly by the teres major.
(B) It is bounded inferiorly by the subscapularis and teres minor.
(C) It is bounded medially by the humerus and laterally by the long head of the triceps.
(D) It contains the posterior circumflex humeral artery and the axillary nerve.
(E) Brachial plexus herniations occur here.
*Which of the following is true in respect to the anatomical snuff box?*

(A) It is bounded anteriorly by the tendons of the extensor pollicis longus.
(B) It is bounded posteriorly by the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.
(C) The radial artery lies in the floor of the snuff box.
(D) The scaphoid and triquetrum can be palpated within the snuff box.
(E) The snuff box is visible when the thumb is fully flexed.
*The carpal tunnel does NOT contain which of the following?*
(A) median nerve
(B) four tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis
(C) four tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
(D) the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus
(E) ulnar nerve
*A patient receives a knife wound to the axilla. What problems do you expect?*
(A) damage to the axillary nerve
(B) paralysis of the coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis
(C) inability to extend the wrist and digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints
(D) loss of sensation on the medial surface of the arm
(E) “clawhand”
B
*Which of the following is correct regarding the triangle of auscultation?*
(A) Its borders are the latissimus dorsi, scapula, and trapezius.
(B) It is a good location to hear heart murmurs.
(C) The 8th and 9th ribs and the 8th intercostal space are subcutaneous here.
(D) It is a location of back trauma.
(E) It is a location for dorsal rami to pass to the superficial back.
.
The apex of the cubital fossa is defined by
(A) biceps brachii and pronator teres.

(B) brachioradialis and pronator teres.
(C) biceps brachii and supinator.
(D) brachioradialis and supinator.
The carpal canal (tunnel) contains

(A) the flexor caφi ulnaris tendon.
(B) the uhiar arteiy.
(C) the radial artery.
(D) the deep branch of the ulnar nerve.

E
Blood vessels and lymphatics
*Which of the following is most correct?*
(A) The subscapular artery arises from the third part of the axillary artery and contributes to
blood supply of muscles near the scapula and humerus.
(B) The second part of the axillary artery typically contains two branches—the thoracoacromial
artery and the superior thoracic artery.
(C) The first part of the axillary artery lies posterior to the pectoralis minor.
(D) The thoracoacromial artery supplies the pectoral muscles, axillary lymph nodes, and most
importantly the lateral part of the mammary gland in women.
(E) The lateral thoracic artery divides into four branches, the acromial, deltoid, pectoral, and
clavicular.
A
*Which of the following is a branch of the brachial artery?*
(A) anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
(B) deltoid artery
(C) superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries
(D) thoracoacromial artery
(E) anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries
*The deep artery of the arm accompanies which of the following before passing around the body of the
humerus?*
(A) radial nerve
(B) musculocutaneous nerve
(C) median nerve
(D) ulnar nerve
(E) axillary nerve
*Which of the following is derived from the radial artery?*
(A) dorsal and palmar carpal arteries
(B) common interosseous artery
(C) anterior interosseous artery
(D) poster interosseous artery
(E) ulnar recurrent artery
A
*The radial artery lies just lateral to the tendon of which muscle?*
(A) pronator teres
(B) flexor carpi radialis
(C) palmaris longus
(D) flexor carpi ulnaris
(E) flexor digitorum superficialis
The brachial artery
(A) may be compressed by upward pressure on the floor of the axilla.
(B) is accompanied by the median and ulnar nerves into the cubital fossa.
(C) terminates opposite the neck of the radius.
(D) is accompanied by a continuation of the cephalic vein in the arm.
The cephalic vein
(A) is a continuation of the ulnar side of the dorsal venous network.
(B) ends in the subclavian vein.
(C) lies deep to the fascia in the cubital fossa.
(D) ends in the axillary vein.

D
The brachial artery
(A) commences at the upper border of the teres major muscle.
(B) is in direct contact with the humerus.
(C) has the biceps tendon medial to it.
(D) is readily compressible.
(E) is accompanied throughout by the basilic vein.
The median cubital vein
(A) overlies the ulnar nerve.
(B) is separated from the brachial artery by the bicipital aponeurosis.
(C) is essential for the venous drainage of the upper limb.
(D) pierces the deep fascia.
(E) is practically constant in its location.
The basilic vein
(A) ascends along the lateral margin of the biceps.
(B) joins the cephalic vein to form the axillary vein.
(C) joins the cephalic vein to form the median cubital vein.
(D) joins the brachial veins to form the axillary vein.
(E) is always connected to the cephalic vein by the median vein of the forearm.
D
In the cubital fossa the
(A) axillary artery divides into brachial and interosseous arteries.
(B) basilic vein becomes the brachial vein.
(C) median cubital vein becomes the brachial vein.
(D) radial artery enters the dorsal compartment of the forearm.
(E) median cubital vein communicates with deep veins of the forearm.
The brachial artery
(A) may be compressed by upward pressure on the floor of the axilla.
(B) is accompanied by the median and ulnar nerves into the cubital fossa.
(C) terminates opposite the neck of the radius.
(D) is accompanied by a continuation of the cephalic vein in the arm.

The radial nerve is distributed to the
(A) biceps brachii.
(B) coracobrachialis.
(C) brachioradialis.
(D) deltoid.
(E) dorsal interossei.
The upper trunk of the brachial plexus
(A) is derived from the 5th, 6th and 7th cervical ventral rami.
(B) gives off the musculocutaneous nerve.
(C) gives off the suprascapular nerve.
(D) gives off the axillary nerve.

(E) gives off one root of the median nerve.
The lateral cord of the brachial plexus
(A) gives rise to the axillary nerve.
(B) divides into the median and radial nerves.
(C) gives off the musculocutaneous nerve.
(D) is made up of the posterior divisions of the trunks.
*The ulnar nerve gives branches to*

B
*The ulnar nerve is distributed to*
*The ulnar nerve supplies*

E
*The radial nerve*
*The basilic vein*
D
*In the cubital fossa the*
*The median cubital vein*
B
*The median nerve*
*The radial nerve*
*The nerve most intimately related to the capsule of the shoulder joint is the*
(A) radial
(B) axillary.
(C) median.
(D) ulnar.
*The long thoracic nerve supplies*
*The ulnar nerve*

Β*The ulnar nerve gives branches to*
*The ulnar nerve is distributed to*

*The ulnar nerve supplies*
*The radial nerve*

*The basilic vein*
*In the cubital fossa the*

*The median cubital vein*
*The median nerve*

*The radial nerve*
*The nerve most intimately related to the capsule of the shoulder joint is the*
(A) radial
(B) axillary.
(C) median.
(D) ulnar.
*The long thoracic nerve supplies*
*The ulnar nerve*

Β*The axillary vein:*
A Is lateral to the axillary artery
B Is devoid of valves
C Lies anterior to pectoralis minor
D Is directly continuous with the brachiocephalic vein
E None of the above
*Branch of the axillary artery:*
A Suprascapular
B Transverse cervical
C Lateral thoracic
D Nutrient artery to humerus
E Internal thoracic
C
*Origin from lateral cord of brachial plexus:*
A Axillary nerve
B Ulnar nerve
C Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
D Musculocutaneous nerve
E Suprascapular nerve
*The humerus may be rotated laterally by:*
A Subscapulars
B Supraspinatus
C Pectoralis major
D Deltoid
E None of the above
D
*The muscle pair responsible for abducting the humerus to a right angle:*
A Deltoid and subscapularis
B Deltoid and supraspinatus
C Supraspinatus and subscapularis
D Teres major and subscapularis
E Deltoid and teres major
The contents of cubital fossa from medial to lateral are
A.) brachial artery, median nerve, tendon of biceps brachii, superficial branch of radial nerve
B.) brachial artery, tendon of biceps brachi, superficial branch of radial nerve, median nerve,
C.) median nerve, tendon of biceps brachii, brachial artery, superficial branch of radial nerve
D.) median nerve, brachial artery, tendon of biceps brachi, superficial branch of radial nerve
D
Wrist drop' occurs due to the injury of
A.) radial nerve
B.) ulnar nerve
C.) median nerve
D.) axillary nerve
All the following statements are true regarding Erb's paralysis EXCEPT
A.) the arm is adducted.
B.) the arm is medially rotated.
C.)the forearm is extended.
D.) the forearm is supinated.
All the following statements are true regarding Klumpke's paralysis EXCEPT
A.) It results in partial claw hand.
B.) It results in paralysis of intrinsic muscles of hand.
C.)Horner's syndrome is associated with it.
D.) It occurs due to injury of lower trunk of brachial plexus.
A
Which nerve is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome?
A.) radial nerve
B.) median nerve
C.) anterior interosseous nerve
D.) ulnar nerve
All the following statements are true about ulnar nerve EXCEPT
A.) it supplies the skin of the dorsum of medial 1½ digits
B.) it supplies all the interossei muscles of hand
C.) it supplies all the lumbricals of hand
D.) its root value is C7, C8, T1
All the following structures pass superficial to flexor retinaculum EXCEPT
A.) median nerve
B.) superficial cutaneous branch of median nerve
C.) ulnar nerve
D.) superficial cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve
A
All the following muscles are supplied by median nerve EXCEPT
A.) abductor pollicis brevis
B.) flexor pollicis brevis
C.) adductor pollicis
D.) opponens pollicis
Which nerve passes between the ulnar and humeral head of pronator teres?
A.) radial nerve
B.) anterior interrosseous nerve
C.) median nerve
D.) ulnar nerve
Which nerve passes between the humeral and ulnar heads of flexor carpi ulnaris?
A.) radial nerve
B.) anterior interrosseous nerve
C.) median nerve
D.) ulnar nerve
D
The most preferred vein for venipuncture is
A.) median cubital vein
B.) brachial vein
C.) basilic vein
D.) cephalic vein
Ulnar nerve supplies
A.) Flexor digitorum profundus (lateral half)
B.) Flexor digitorum superficialis (medial half)
C.) Flexor digitorum profundus (lateral half)
D.) Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)
The following nerve may get injured in fracture of surgical neck of humerus
A.) radial
B.) subscapular
C.) axillary
D.) musculocuatneous
Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus may injure

A.) ulnar nerve
B.) ulnar artery
C.) brachial artery
D.) median nerve
All the following statements are true about radial nerve EXCEPT
A.) It supplies all the muscles of extensor compartment of forearm.
B.) It provides cutaneous innervations to the whole of the dorsum of lateral 3½ digits.
C.) It is a branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus.
D.) Its lesion leads to wrist drop
Following nerve may get injured in downward dislocation of head of humerus
A.) axillary
B.) radial
C.) median
D.) musculocutaneous
A
The action of acromial fibers of deltoid is
A.) abduction of arm
B.) flexion of arm
C.) extension of arm
D.) adduction of arm
All the following muscles are innervated by musculocutaneous nerve EXCEPT
A.) Biceps brachii
B.) Brachialis
C.) Brachioradialis
D.) Coracobrachialis
C
http://t.me/QuizBot?start=HzXgPGIP - Quiz
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http://t.me/QuizBot?start=FkorfZsK - Homeostasis
http://t.me/QuizBot?start=urPWR3Fi - Anatomy, nerves and blood hard
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http://t.me/QuizBot?start=kVBQs1OL - Anatomy, pectoralis major
http://t.me/QuizBot?start=d3tGThH3 - Anatomy, ant thoracoappendicular
http://t.me/QuizBot?start=dzkOZuHs - Anatomy, shoulder muscles 1
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Others
*W hich ofthe follow ing term s is N O T used to identify a region ofthe abdom en?*
A. left hypochondriac
B. hypogastric
C. epigastric
D. right sacral
Answer is D: Right sacral is not a region on the anterior surface of the abdomen.
*What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?*
A. The mediastinum
B. The diaphragm
C. The peritoneum
D. The pylorus
Answer is B: The muscular diaphragm physically separates these two ventral cavities.
Upper limbs viva questions
*Which nerves provide sensory innervation to each part of the upper limb?*
Musculocutaneous nerve: lateral forearm
Median nerve: Palmar surface of lateral 3.5 digits
Radial nerve: Posterior forearm and dorsolateral hand
Ulnar nerve: Lateral hand
*Which nerves are related to the humerus?*
1.Axillary nerve: surgical neck
2. Radial nerve: Posterior middle humerus
3. Ulnar nerve: Posterior to medial epicondyle
* ""? *
The ulnar nerve
*Which veins are used to draw blood?*
Cephalic, basilic, and median cubital veins
*What connects the cephalic and basilic veins at the elbow?*
What do the clavicle and scapula form?
The pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle)

*What part of the scapula articulates with the clavicle?*
The acromion
*Where is the lesser tubercle in relation to the greater on the humerus?*
The lesser tubercle is anterior to the greater tubercle
*What attaches to the greater tubercle?*
Superior facet: Supraspinatus muscle
Middle facet: Infraspinatus muscle
Interior facet: Teres minor
*What attaches to the lesser tubercle?*
The subscapularis muscle
*What passes through the intertubercular sulcus?*
The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii
*What passes immediately posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus?*
The axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

*What are the joints of the shoulder?*
1.Sternoclavicular
2. Acromioclavicular
3. Glenohumeral joint
*What ligaments are at the acromioclavicular joint?*
2. Coracoclavicular
*What provides joint stability at the glenohumeral joint?*
The rotator cut muscles
The long head of the biceps
Bony processes
Extracapsular ligaments
*What is the fibrocartilaginous collar around the glenoid cavity?*
The glenoid labrum
*What is a bursa?*
Wiki answer: a small fluid-filled sac made of white fibrous tissue and lined with synovial membrane .It
provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint; bursae are filled with
synovial fluid and are found around almost every major joint of the body
*What is a synovial membrane?*
Wiki answer: The soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities
*What restricts upward movement of the humeral head on the glenoid cavity?*
*What vascularizes the glenohumeral joint?*
Branches of the anterior and posterior circumflex

*What passes through the cubital fossa?*
median nerve and all the long flexor tendons
*With what does the clavicle articulate?*
With the manubrium and the acromion of the Scapula
*What connects the scapula and clavicle to the trunk?*
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids
*What connects the scapula and clavicle to the humerus?*
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Deltoid
*What are the rotator cuff muscles?*
Supraspinatus
infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
*What do the thenar muscles do?*
The thenar muscles allow the thumb to move freely
*What innervates the upper limb?*
The brachial plexus (anterior rami of C5 to C8 and T1)
*What nerves can be injured in glenohumeral joint dislocations?*
Axillary and radial nerves.

*What muscle is most commonly involved in rotator cuff disorders?*
The supraspinatus
* ()?*accessory nerve (CNXI)?*
Test the trapezius by shoulder shrugs
*what forms the suprascapular foramen?*
The suprascapular notch and the superior transverse scapular ligament
*What passes through the suprascapular foramen?*
Suprascapular vessels
Suprascapular nerves
*What forms the quadrangular space?*
Superior: Teres minor

Interior: Teres major
Lateral surgical neck ot humerus
Medial: Long head of triceps brachii
*what passes through the quadrangular space?*
Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex humeral artery/vein
*What does the suprascapular nerve innervates?*
Supraspinatus muscle
infraspinatus muscle
*What does the axillary nerve innervate?*
Deltoid
Teres minor
* ?*the circumflex humeral arteries come?*

From the axillary artery
*Another name for coracoclavicular ligament*
Caldani bicorne ligament
*The most commonly fractured bone of upper limb*
Clavicle
*First carpal bone to ossify*
Capitate
*Last carpal bone to ossify*
Pisiform
*The most commonly fractured carpal bone*
Scaphoid
*The most commonly dislocated carpal bone*
Lunate
*The largest carpal bone*

Capitate
*What is the shape of axilla?*
It is a four sided pyramidal shaped space,
situated between upper part of arm and
chest wall
*What is the direction of apex of axilla?*
It is direct upwards and medially towards
the root of neck.
*What is ‘cervicoaxillay canal’?*
It is a triangular interval bound by:
Arteriorly: Posterior surface of clavicle.

Posteriorly: Superior border of scapula.
Medially: Outer border of first rib.
It corresponds to apex of axilla and
through it axillary vessels and brachial
plexus enter the axilla from the neck.
*What are the contents of the axilla?*
• Axillary artery and its branches.
• Axillary vein and its tributaries.
• Infraclavicular part of the brachial plexus.
• Axillary lymph nodes and lymphatics.
• Long thoracic and intercostobrachial
nerves.
• Axillary fat and areolar tissue.
*What are the boundaries of axilla?*
• Apex: Truncated.
• Base: Skin and axillary fascia.
• Anterior wall: Pectoralis major, pectoralis
minor and clavipectoral fascia.
• Posterior wall: Subscapularis above, teres
major and latissimus dorsi below.
• Medial wall: Upper four ribs with
intercostal muscles, upper part of serratus
anterior.
• Lateral wall: Upper part of shaft of
humerus, coracobrachialis, short head of
biceps muscle
*What is the extent of axillary artery?*
It extends from outer border of first rib to
lower border of teres major muscle. It is a
continuation of subclavian artery and it
continues as brachial artery.
*What are the parts of axillary artery?*
Pectoralis minor muscle crosses it and
divides it into three parts:
First Part: Proximal to muscle.
Second Part: Posterior to muscle.

Third Part: Distal to muscle.
*What is the origin of median nerve?*
Median nerve is formed by the union of a
medial root (C8, T1) from medial cord and
lateral root (C5,6,7) from lateral cord.
*What is ‘carpal tunnel’ syndrome?*
This is a neuropathy resulting from
compression of median nerve as it passes
beneath the flexor retinaculum through
carpal tunnel
It causes:
• Motor loss: Progressive weakness and
wasting of thenar muscle
• Sensory loss: In lateral 3½ digits

*Which nerves provide sensory innervation to each part of the upper limb?*
Musculocutaneous nerve: lateral forearm
Median nerve: Palmar surface of lateral 3.5 digits
Radial nerve: Posterior forearm and dorsolateral hand
Ulnar nerve: Lateral hand
*Which nerves are related to the humerus?*
1.Axillary nerve: surgical neck
2. Radial nerve: Posterior middle humerus
3. Ulnar nerve: Posterior to medial epicondyle
*W
hatm
akesthe"funyone"b?*
The ulnar nerve
*Whi ch vei ns ar e us ed t o dr awbl ood?*
Cephalic, basilic, and median cubital veins
*What connects the cephalic and basilic veins at the elbow?*

What do the clavicle and scapula form?
The pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle)
*What par t of t he s capul a ar t i cul at es wi t h t he cl avi cl e?*
The acromion
*Where is the lesser tubercle in relation to the greater on the humerus?*
The lesser tubercle is anterior to the greater tubercle
*What attaches to the greater tubercle?*
Supe r i or f a c e t : Supr a s pi na t us mus c l e
Middle facet: Infraspinatus muscle
Interior facet: Teres minor
*What attaches to the lesser tubercle?*
The subscapularis muscle
*What passes through the intertubercular sulcus?*
The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii

*What passes immediately posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus?*
The axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
*What are the joints of the shoulder?*
1.Sternoclavicular
3. Glenohumeral joint
*What ligaments are at the acromioclavicular joint?*
2. Coracoclavicular
*What provides joint stability at the glenohumeral joint?*
The rotator cut muscles
Bony processes
Ext r a c a ps ul a r l i ga me nt s
*What is the fibrocartilaginous collar around the glenoid cavity?*
The glenoid labrum

*What is a bursa?*
Wiki answer: a small fluid-filled sac made of white fibrous tissue and lined with synovial membrane .It
provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint; bursae are filled with
synovial fluid and are found around almost every major joint of the body
*What is a synovial membrane?*
Wiki answer: The soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints with cavities
*What restricts upward movement of the humeral head on the glenoid cavity?*
*What vascularizes the glenohumeral joint?*
Branches of the anterior and posterior circumflex

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Anatomical Terms

*The “anatomical position” could be described as which of the following?*

A. Lying down prone

B. Lying down supine

D. Standing with arms and legs abducted

A. It is in the dorsal cavity

B. It is in the ventral cavity

C. It is in the abdomino-pelvic cavity

D. It is not located in a body cavity

*Which of the following is/are the contents of the ventral cavity?*

B. brain and spinal cord

D. gut, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, bladder, internal reproductive organs.

A. the heart is inferior to the clavicle

B. the shoulder is distal to the carpals

C. the phalanges are proximal to the metacarpals

D. the eye is medial to the eyebrows

A. heart and lungs

B. brain and spinal cord

D. gut, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, bladder, internal reproductive organs.

*The directional term “superior” in anatomy means which of the following?*

*Remote from the point of attachment or origin* Distal

*Closer to the point of attachment or observation.* Proximal

*To what does the term “hypochondriac” refer?*

A. A condition of having too few chondria.

B. The region of abdomen inferior to the ribs.

C. A person who often complains of an ailment.

D. Having insufficient cartilage in the knees.

B. A cross-section through the midriff at about the level of the liver.

*Which of the following best describes the “anatomical position”?*

*The act of bending a joint, especially a bone joint* Flexion

*The counteraction of flexion.* Extension

C.) Abduction and adduction

*Protraction and Retraction refer to the movement of the ?* scapula

*Medial rotation is sometimes referred to as ________ rotation.* Internal

*________ rotation is a rotational movement towards the midline.* Medial

*__________ rotation is a rotating movement away from the midline.* Lateral

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate anatomical terms

*The wrist joint is ______ to the elbow joint.*.

*The knee joint is ______ to the ankle joint.*

*The nose is _____ to the mouth.*

*The lungs are ________ to the liver.*

*The eye is ____ to the nose.*

*The heart is ________ to the clavicle.*

*The ribs are ______ to lungs.*

*The heart is located _______ to the manubrium of the sternum*

The arm is _________ to the hand.

*In the anatomical position, the subject:*

B. Has arms placed above the head

C. Is standing upright facing the observer with the palms backward

D. Is standing upright facing the observer with the palms forward.

*In the anatomical position, the thumbs point:*

A. In, toward the body

B. Out, away from the body

*The armpit or axilla is __________ to the hip.*

*The scapula (shoulder blade) is _________ to the vertebral column.*

*The nose is ______ to the navel.*

*Another name for anterior is*

*Which structure below is not found in the thoracic cavity?*

*The dorsal cavity includes the cranial and thoracic cavity.*

d. None of the above

The “anatomical position” could be described as which of the following?

Which of the following is/are the contents of the ventral cavity?

The directional term “superior” in anatomy means which of the following?

Remote from the point of attachment or origin Distal

Closer to the point of attachment or observation. Proximal

To what does the term “hypochondriac” refer?

Which of the following best describes the “anatomical position”?

The act of bending a joint, especially a bone joint Flexion

The counteraction of flexion. Extension

Protraction and Retraction refer to the movement of the ? scapula

Medial rotation is sometimes referred to as ________ rotation. Internal

________ rotation is a rotational movement towards the midline. Medial

__________ rotation is a rotating movement away from the midline. Lateral

The wrist joint is ______ to the elbow joint..

The knee joint is ______ to the ankle joint.

The nose is _____ to the mouth.

The lungs are ________ to the liver.

The eye is ____ to the nose.

The heart is ________ to the clavicle.

The ribs are ______ to lungs.

The heart is located _______ to the manubrium of the sternum

In the anatomical position, the subject:

In the anatomical position, the thumbs point:

The armpit or axilla is __________ to the hip.

The scapula (shoulder blade) is _________ to the vertebral column.

The nose is ______ to the navel.

Another name for anterior is

Which structure below is not found in the thoracic cavity?

The dorsal cavity includes the cranial and thoracic cavity.

Which cavity is not found in the ventral cavity?

Which cavity houses the liver?

What is not found in the pelvic cavity?

The lungs are separated by the:

Which of these structures is NOT found in the mediastinum?

The mediastinum is found in the _____ cavity.

The abdominopelvic cavity is _____ to the diaphragm.

The clavicle is also known as the ______ collarbone

In thin individuals,the clavicle is ________ under the skin. visible

The clavicle has three main functions, list them

The clavicle can be divided into three parts ,list them

What's the attachment point of the conoid ligament. Conoid tubercle

What's the attachment point of the trapezoid ligament Trapezoid line

The clavicle is also known as the ______ collarbone

In thin individuals,the clavicle is ________ under the skin. visible

The clavicle can be divided into three parts ,list them

What's the attachment point of the conoid ligament. Conoid tubercle

What's the attachment point of the trapezoid ligament Trapezoid line

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the clavicle?

The trapezius attaches to which of the following regions of the clavicle?

Which of the following is NOT true in respect to the clavicle?

Fractures of the scapula typically involve

The scapula is also known as the ________. shoulder blade

Two main functions of the scapula include?

______ is a roughening immediately inferior to the glenoid fossa. Infraglenoid tubercle

The supraspinatus muscle originates from the _________. Supraspinous fossa

Which of the spinous fossas is more convex in shape? Supraspinous fossa

Which of the spinous fossas is larger? Infraspinous fossa

List two clinical correlates of the scapula

The scapula has ________ main articulations two

List the articulations of the scapula

What notch is found on the scapula? Suprascapular notch