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    Worksheet 1

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    sultanhsu168
    1. The document provides an overview of techniques for evaluating infinite series, including using integrals to relate the terms of a series to the derivatives of a function. 2. Key results presented are methods for evaluating infinite series when there exist functions that relate the integrals of the series terms to a derivative, or relate the series terms and their values at a point to a derivative. 3. Several examples demonstrate applying the techniques to find closed form expressions for various infinite series. Exercises at the end provide additional practice evaluating other series.

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    Worksheet 1

    Uploaded by

    sultanhsu168
    19 views2 pages
    1. The document provides an overview of techniques for evaluating infinite series, including using integrals to relate the terms of a series to the derivatives of a function. 2. Key results presented are methods for evaluating infinite series when there exist functions that relate the integrals of the series terms to a derivative, or relate the series terms and their values at a point to a derivative. 3. Several examples demonstrate applying the techniques to find closed form expressions for various infinite series. Exercises at the end provide additional practice evaluating other series.

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    1. The document provides an overview of techniques for evaluating infinite series, including using integrals to relate the terms of a series to the derivatives of a function. 2. Key results presented are methods for evaluating infinite series when there exist functions that relate the integrals of the series terms to a derivative, or relate the series terms and their values at a point to a derivative. 3. Several examples demonstrate applying the techniques to find closed form expressions for various infinite series. Exercises at the end provide additional practice evaluating other series.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views2 pages

    Worksheet 1

    Uploaded by

    sultanhsu168
    1. The document provides an overview of techniques for evaluating infinite series, including using integrals to relate the terms of a series to the derivatives of a function. 2. Key results presented are methods for evaluating infinite series when there exist functions that relate the integrals of the series terms to a derivative, or relate the series terms and their values at a point to a derivative. 3. Several examples demonstrate applying the techniques to find closed form expressions for various infinite series. Exercises at the end provide additional practice evaluating other series.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Calculus Worksheet SMSL2020

    1. Infinite series
    Basics. Let g1 (x), g2 (x), . . . be a sequence of functions in x.
    X∞
    We wish to evaluate the infinite series gn (x).
    n=1
    • Suppose that there exist functions α(x), H(x) and a constant c such that
    X∞ Z x
    α(y)gn (y) dy = H(x).
    n=1 c

    Then
    ∞ ∞ Z x
    X
    −1
    X d dH(x)
    gn (x) = α(x) α(y)gn (y) dy = α(x)−1 .
    n=1 n=1
    dx c dx
    • Suppose that there exist functions α(x), H(x) and constants b, c such that
    ∞ ∞
    X d X
    α(x)gn (x) = H(x) and gn (c) = b.
    n=1
    dx n=1

    Then
    ∞ ∞ Z x ∞
    X
    −1
    X d X
    gn (x) = α(x) α(y)gn (y) dy + α(x)−1 α(c)gn (c)
    n=1 n=1 c dy n=1
    Z x 
    = α(x)−1 H(y) dy + bα(c) .
    c

    Remarks. Two useful expansions:


    • (binomial series) For |x| < 1 and α ∈ R,
    α(α + 1) 2 α(α + 1)(α + 2) 3
    (1 − x)−α = 1 + αx + x + x + ···
    2! 3!
    • (exponential series) For x ∈ R,
    ∞
    x x 2 x3 X xj
    e =1+x+ + + ··· =
    2! 3! j=0
    j!
    ∞
    X
    Example 1.1. Find nxn for |x| < 1.
    n=1

    ∞
    X
    Example 1.2. Find n−1 xn for |x| < 1.
    n=1

    ∞  
    X 2n
    Example 1.3. Find (n + 1)−2 xn for x ∈ [0, 1/4).
    n=1
    n
    ∞
    X (−2)n
    Example 1.4. Calculate .
    n=0
    n! (n + 2)
    ∞
    X
    Exercise 1.1. For |x| < 1, find n 2 xn .
    n=1

    x(1 + x)
    (answer: )
    (1 − x)3
    Exercise 1.2. For 0 < |x| < 1/5, find

    2 (2)(7) (2)(7)(12) 2 (2)(7)(12)(17) 3 (2)(7)(12)(17)(22) 4


    + x+ x + x + x + · · ··.
    2! 3! 4! 5! 6!

    1 − 3x − (1 − 5x)3/5
    (answer: )
    3x2
    ∞
    X n
    Exercise 1.3. Calculate .
    n=1
    (n − 1)! (n + 2)2n
    √
    19 e
    (answer: 16 − )
    2
    Z x
    −x2 2
    Exercise 1.4. The Dawson integral is defined as FD (x) = e ey dy.
    0
    ∞
    X xn
    Find in terms of the Dawson integral.
    n=0
    n! (2n + 1)
    √
    ex FD ( x)
    (answer: √ )
    x

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