Communication involves the transmission of messages between a sender and receiver. There are several elements and models of communication. Effective communication requires understanding contexts like the psychosocial histories of participants, the interactional setting, and the logistical time and place. Barriers can occur at each step of the communication process. Different registers of language are used depending on the social situation, ranging from intimate language between friends to formal language in official settings.
Communication involves the transmission of messages between a sender and receiver. There are several elements and models of communication. Effective communication requires understanding contexts like the psychosocial histories of participants, the interactional setting, and the logistical time and place. Barriers can occur at each step of the communication process. Different registers of language are used depending on the social situation, ranging from intimate language between friends to formal language in official settings.
Communication involves the transmission of messages between a sender and receiver. There are several elements and models of communication. Effective communication requires understanding contexts like the psychosocial histories of participants, the interactional setting, and the logistical time and place. Barriers can occur at each step of the communication process. Different registers of language are used depending on the social situation, ranging from intimate language between friends to formal language in official settings.
Communication involves the transmission of messages between a sender and receiver. There are several elements and models of communication. Effective communication requires understanding contexts like the psychosocial histories of participants, the interactional setting, and the logistical time and place. Barriers can occur at each step of the communication process. Different registers of language are used depending on the social situation, ranging from intimate language between friends to formal language in official settings.
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COMMUNICATION a.
Linear Model- a type of communication
process where someone sends a message - Is the process of sending and receiving without getting any feedback from the messages. receiver of the message. - Is the process of using verbal and nonverbal b. Interactive Model – a process in which messages to generate meaning within and participants alternate positions as sender across various contexts, cultures, and channels. and receiver and generate meaning by ELEMENTS IN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts 1. Sender- an individual, group, or organization c. Transactional Model – a process in which that initiates the communication. This source is communicators generate social realities initially responsible for the success of the within social, relational, and cultural message. contexts. 2. Receiver - the recipient of the message and must translate the words into thoughts, process -a lot of people involved, a different the thoughts, and determine how to respond to dialogue the sender. Ex: enrollment 3. Message- refers to the information that the sender is relaying to the receiver NECCESSITATES NEGOTIATION OF MEANING OF 4. Channel - This is the transmission or method of SYMBOLS delivering the message. Nonverbal – transfer of information from one 5. Context- focuses on factors that work together person to another without the use of words or to determine the meaning of a message. People spoken language. communicate according to different factors, like Verbal symbols, vocal tones, who they are communicating with, where they facial expressions, gestures, body movements, are, and how they are feeling physical appearance. Manners are also formed 6. Feedback- the response given by the individual as signals. receiving information. 7. Noise / Inference- Noise can be physical noise, such as a loud hallway conversation, but it can COMMUNICATION IS CONTEXTUAL also be caused by many other sources 8. Barrier- obstacles that one may face when A. Psychosocial context - emotional history social attempting to effectively communicate with relationship and cultural capital of the another person. These barriers can be anything participants. that can misrepresent and/or avert someone Variables such as age, sex, during the communication process. gender preference, religion, and socioeconomic 9. Frame of reference- field of experience, a status. complex set of assumptions and attitudes that Influence of social factors we use to filter perceptions to create meaning. on an individual’s mind or behavior. 10. Tone- the way we use our voice to convey B. Logistical context – setting (time and place) and meaning, emotions, and attitudes. Our tone can occasion. enhance or hinder the effectiveness of our C. Interactional Context – refers to whether the message, impacting how it is received and interaction is between two people, a group, or understood by others. between a presenter and an audience. 11. Decoding- This is the interpretation of the Intrapersonal Context – “self-talk” message. Decoding is performed by the receiver or inner speech. Your overall understanding of yourself. IT IS A PROCESS Interpersonal- communication between two people, usually dyads interacting to accomplish a g. Time particular task or purpose. h. Implicatures- intangible things perceive Group context – more than 2 actions and means of relaying messages. people, usually 3- 7 interact to carry Questions: out a common goal. Ex: Family interactions, study 1. decodes the message of the channel- receiver groups, club meeting 2. certain stanzas situation- context Organizational context – workplace 3. workplace communication- organizational communication 4. physical context time and place- time and place Public or presentational context – a 5. interpret- perceptual single speaker creates meaning with 6. anxiety- personal the audience 7. interpersonal barrier – social Ex: SONA, research conferences, 8. not a solo, rather but simultaneously – seminars. interactive Mass communication context- not 9. sexes- gender directly present and often unknown 10. field of experience – frame of references receipt an. Network sharing a 11. feedback message 12. self-related- intrapersonal Ex: newspaper, books, magazine 13. communication 14. sender BASIC FORMS OF COMMUNICATION 15. channel 1. Oral communication- chat, dialog, talk, 16. physical – physical barrier interview, discussions, phone conversations, 17. noise or barrier etc. 18. linear 2. Written Communication – memorandum, 19. cultural electronic mails, reports, letters paper news, 20. language orientation- linguistic magazine write-ups. 21. interactional 3. Formal Communication - e.g chain of 22. psychosocial – interaction of emotional history command, teacher’s instruction, government 23. element of nonverbal refers to fastness and decree, trainer’s guidelines slowness – tone 4. Informal Communication – gossips, scandal, 24. intangible things – implicature mongering, eavesdrops, grapevine. 25. interpersonal- 5. Verbal Communication – voice record voice mail, voice record 6. Non-verbal communication ELEMENTS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION: a. Body language b. Object c. Facial expressions d. Eye contact e. Vocal cues- fastness or slowness of speech or highness or lowness of pitch f. Space- distance provided in a communicative situation. a. Intimate space – up to 1 ½ feet b. Personal space- 1 ½ feet to 4 feet c. Social space – 4 feet to 12 feet d. Public space – over 12 feet - Describes a language/communication used between friends. It is often conversational in tone, merely focused on getting the information LANGUAGE REGISTER out. - Slangs and colloquies are often used as - is a certain variety of a language that’s used for expression. a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. Register denotes the choice of language Ex: Among buddies, teammates, in chats, and email, to help match a given situation. In short, letters to friends register is about language variation Intimate - choice of language to help match a given situation - Used among person who share a close - depends of level of relationship relationship or bond. Certain terms of endearment, slangs or expressions whose The importance of knowing when and how to move meaning is shared with a small subject of between register: person - differentiate between them and when to use Ex: lovers having special terms of endearment, which one, increases your chances of being mothers calling “anak”, bestfriends slang accepted by groups and speakers in a variety of contexts. FORMS OF COMMUNICATION AND THE USE OF DIGITAL MODES AND OTHER DIGITAL Frozen/Static APPLICATIONS - used in formal settings, audience is not allowed The Digital Age to raise questions to the speaker. - Decade of information and an era of the Ex: National Anthem, Mass, Contracts computer in which social, economic, and Formal political activities and developments are processed by ICT applications through digital - refers to a language/ communication used in technologies. official and ceremonial settings. Its structure - Handful of information can be accessed easily follows a definite or a prescriptive format. and at a faster pace Written in impersonal or objective point-of- view. Technology and Digital media - Special format, the tone must be formal - Catalysts to foster processing of data, and rapid Ex: In court, Interview, Announcements, Business communication coupled with enhanced visibility Interactions, Announcements, In school of information. - Helped people get more work done in time and Professional/Academic/Consultative provide more information on various things. - Standard form of communication between a Digital interaction superior/expert and subordinate/inferior - One person is deemed as more knowledgeable - Defining characteristic of almost all human and having greater expertise and the other activities. person is the beneficiary of such knowledge and Communication expertise. - Much different than it was few decades ago when access of date can be hardly acquired. Ex: lawyer/client, doctor/ patient, employer/employee, teacher/student. TYPES OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION
Casual/Informal 1. Pictures and images (posters, pictographs,
menu) 2. Videos, storytelling using digital firm, FORMS OF COMMUNICATION IN DIGITAL AGE 3. infographics On visual communication 4. prezi, powerpoint presentation, 5. social media (faccebook, insta, x) - Visual perception is an extremely important medium of communication. Digital natives are more receptive to visual presentation. Living in a fast-pacing environment, a bulk of MULTIMODAL COMMUNICATION strategically structured, concise and appealing manner in order to grab instantly the - Advent of technology and the use of internet, customers’ attention. acquiring and delivering information become swift as possible. Info-graphics - People are given a lot of options how to send - Demonstrate a particular information, data, their messages and in what forms for their own fact, and knowledge briefly and clearly through convenience. image or graphic representations. Help convey - Uses more than one modality to send out information like flowcharts to timeliness messages to it’s target audience. Through - Graphs and diagrams are versatile and visual, audio, gestural, or linguistic (Selfe, 195). interesting manner to communicate a ton of - For the student, multimodal media give them content in one creative and presentable visual opportunity to develop and practice their skills representation. in creative and inovative presentation of messages. Prezi, PowerPoint Presentation Varied sample multimodal materials - Prezi- Is a cloud based presentation and storytelling tool for presenting ideas on a virtual - Modes are channels of information, or anything canvass. Allow users to zoom in and out of their that communicates meaning in some way, presentation media, displays, and navigates including: through an information. Pictures - PowerPoint Presentation- Microsoft’s software Illustrations which is used to create slideshows that are Audio displayed on projectors or big screen TVs. Speech - Professional speakers deliver to an audience Writing and print using Prezi or PowerPoint Presentation for Music visuals to hold the listeners’ attention and to Writing and print guide him/her on the important details. Music Movement Social Media Gestures - Computer-mediated technologies that facilitate Facial expressions the creation and transaction of informations. Colors - It includes websites and applications designed THE DIGITAL AGE to allow people to share content quickly, efficiently and real time. - Is known to be a decade of information and an - Form of electronic communication, users create era of the computer in which social economic, online communities to share information, ideas, and political activities and developments are personal messages. processed by ICT applications through digital technologies. It creates an environment where Culture a handful of information can be accessed easily - shared beliefs, values, and practices, that and at a faster-paced participants in a society must learn. Cross-culture - Use of distance when people communicate with one another - A business environment where people from different countries interact, bringing BLOCKS TO CULTURAL COMMUNICATION different values, business practices and 1. Ethnocentrism- inability to adapt to other communication styles. cultures’ view Intercultural Communication 2. Discrimination- 3. Stereotyping- generalizing about a person while - the communication between people from two ignoring the presence of individual differences. different cultures. 4. Cultural blindness- differences are ignored - Requires multiple lenses in understanding the 5. Cultural imposition- belief that everyone should message since different cultures use different conform to the majority. systems of understanding. 6. Tone difference- formal tone change becomes embarrassing and off putting in some cultures Affected by the place they grow up FUNDAMENTAL PATTERNS OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION a. communication styles b. attitude toward conflicts 1. Regulation/Control c. approaches to completing tasks 2. Information d. decision making style 3. Persuasion/Motivation e. attitudes towards disclosure 4. Emotional Expression f. approaches to knowing 5. Social Interaction- common language 6. Haptics