1

About this Self-Learning Kit

Welcome to the world of Beauty Care NC II!

This self – learning kit will introduce you the concepts of Performing Hand Spa
Treatment. This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to perform Hand Spa
Treatment as an added service to manicure. This kit will present information about the
fundamentals concepts of Nain Structure and Conditions, Nail diseases and Disorder.
This learning material is not only your learning kit but also your trusted partner to
develop such skill. So enjoy and have fun!

FOR THE LEARNER

This Self- Learning kit requires you to go through series of learning activities such as
understanding key concepts, performing and accomplishing activities and assessments in
order to complete each learning outcome.

Remember you must:

 Finish all activities in this Learning Kit in ONE (1) WEEK
 Get the instruction of your teacher regarding this Self- Learning Kit;
 Read and understand all information and key concepts
 Perform all activities and assessment designed for you. Use separate sheet of
paper for your answers. Check your activities using the answer keys located at
the last part of the Self-Learning Kit.
 Submit your outputs to your teacher for evaluation and recording.
 Complete and accomplish this Self- Learning Kit before proceeding to the next
Self- Learning Kit.

If you have any problems regarding the contents, and procedures in this Self- Learning
Kit please feel free to ask your teacher. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular
work shifts to improve your speed, memory, skills and your confidence. Good luck and have
fun!

2
 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

L.O. 1. Apply Hand Treatment

Learning Competencies

1. Check and analyze the conditions of client’s hand.

2. Identify different nail problems of the clients
3. Use knowledge in identifying nail diseases in everyday care of nails

Discussion and Examples

Lesson 1 NAIL STRUCTURE AND CONDITIONS

NAIL STRUCTURE AND CONDITIONS

It is very essential for a manicurist to have knowledge on the different parts of

the nails for this will be your basis in giving nail care services to your clients.

The nail is an appendage of the skin. Nail is a horny, translucent plate that
protects the tips of the fingers and toes. It is composed mainly of keratin, a protein
substance that forms the base of all horny tissue. The nail is whitist and transluscent
in appearance and allows the pinkish colour of the nail bed to be seen. The horny
plate contains no nerves or blood vessels.

Onyx is the technical term for the nail. The condition of the nail, like that of
the skin, reflects the general health of the body. Onychology is the study of nail.
The nails vary in thickness, being heaviest on the thumbs and big toes.

The characteristics of healthy nails are firm and flexible, slightly pink in
color and the surface is smooth, curved and unspotted, without any hollows
or wavy ridges.

3
Structure of the Nail

1. Lunula - the pearly coloured and crescent shaped is due to the cells being
pushed closely together, the blood capillaries cannot be seen through the lunula
because of this.
2. Cuticle –(Eponychium) the overlapping epidermis around the nail. It is the
transparent skin, which is called the 'true cuticle', that is removed during the
manicuring process
3. Free edge -the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an extension of
the nail plate that overlaps the hyponychium
4. Nail matrix - the only living reproducing part of the nail. This is situated directly
below the cuticle. New cells form here and continually pushes towards to produce
the nail plate. It also contains blood vessels and nerves. Blood supply provides the
cells with nourishment. If the matrix is damaged the nail will grow deformed.
5. Nail bed - the part of the nail where the nail plate rests on, also a continuation of
the matrix. It is abundantly supplied with blood vessels and nerves, having
numerous parallel ridges which dovetail exactly with the ridges on the under surface
of the nail plate.
6. Nail walls - the folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. They hold your nail
in place and protect the nail plate edges.
7. Nail Plate - is visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge. This is
made up from dead cells and minimum amount of moisture. The nail is semi-
transparent – allowing the color of blood supply of the dermis to show.
8. Nail Walls – folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail
9. Nail root - beginning of nail found at the base and is embedded underneath the
skin.

Nail Growth

Nail growth is influenced by nutrition, general health and diseases. Nail grows
forwards, starting at the matrix and extending over the digit tip. Nail grows in a
variety of shapes the average growth is 1/8 inches per month. Growth is faster in
summer than in winter.

4
 Children’s nails grow faster than adult’s nail. The middle finger nail grows
fastest and thumb nail grows slowest. Toenail grows slower than fingernails but are
harder and thicker.

Activity 1

Directions: Label the top view parts of the nail. Write the answer in your quiz
notebook.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Identification

Directions: Identify the word/term being described in the statement. Write the
answer in your quiz notebook.

1. Portion of the skin under the free edge of the nail.

2. The skin upon which the nail body or nail plate rests
3. Beginning of nail found at the base and is embedded underneath the
skin.
4. Folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail
5. Technical term for the nail

5
Lesson 2 NAIL DISEASES AND DISORDERS

Nail Diseases and Disorders

Did you know your nails can reveal signs to your overall health? Have you
noticed some abnormalities in your fingernails? Are you aware that problems in the
liver, lungs and heart can show up in your nails? Do you bite your nails? Watch out
and learn what your nails will reveal!

Onychosis refers to any disease, disorder or condition of the nails.

Having knowledge about infections caused by bacteria will prevent the

spread of infectious diseases, preserve the health of the cosmetologist and the
patron and appreciate the value of proper sanitation.

Pus is the yellowish fluid that oozes from the wound. It is a sign of infection. White
blood cells attack the bacteria and consume them. The pus contains blood cells,
body cells and dead and living bacteria. Bacteria may invade the body through cuts,
scratches or punctures in the skin or through any of the body openings.

Fungi are plant organisms that live on dead, decaying or living matter. Some fungi
are capable of causing serious infections but some are harmful and beneficial.

A. Nail Diseases

Nail Diseases – are problems of nails from fungal and bacterial infections to
other causes of nail abnormalities

Nail Diseases Definition/Description

1.Onychia An inflammation of the nail matrix accompanied
by pus formation caused by improperly
sanitized nail implements and
bacterial infections.
2. Onychocryptosis or
In this condition, the nail grows into the sides of
Ingrown Nails
the flesh and may cause infection. Improper
trimming and shaping of nails are often
responsible for ingrown nails.

6
3. Onychogryposis A condition in which the nail curvature is
increased and enlarged; the nail becomes
thicker and curves, sometimes extending over
the tip of the finger or toe; this condition results
in inflammation and pain if the nail grows into the
skin.
4. Onycholysis

A loosening of the nail caused by internal

disorder, infection or drug treatment.

5.Onychomycosis Also known as tinea unguium or ringworm of

the nails is an infectious disease caused by a
fungus which commonly appears in whitish
patches that can be scraped off from the
surface.
6. Onychoptosis A shedding of one or more nails, either in whole
or in part. It can occur during or after certain
diseases of the body, such as syphilis, as a result
of fever and system upsets, as a reaction to
prescription drugs, or as a result of trauma.
7. Paronychia An inflammation of the skin around the nail
caused by bacteria. The symptoms are redness,
swelling, and tenderness of the tissue
surrounding the nail.

B. Nail Disorders
Nail Disorders – are condition caused by injury to the nails, diseases or
imbalances in the body.
Nail Disorders Definition/Description
1.Bluish Nails Appear blue in color which reveals that body is
not getting enough oxygen. This also indicates
infection in the lungs, such as pneumonia. Some
heart problems can also be associated with bluish
nails.
2. Bruised nail
The result of trauma to the nail plate. This causes
injury to nail, blood becomes trapped under nail.
There is discoloration under the nail

3. Corrugations

7
 Wavy ridges caused by uneven growth of the nails,
usually the result of illness or injury.

4. Hangnails
Split cuticles happen when loose skin separates
from the cuticle. This is caused by dry cuticle and
environmental.

5. Koilonychia or Spoon
Nails Nails with a concave shape usually caused
through iron deficiency anemia. These nails
show raised ridges and are thin and concave.

6. Leuconychia
A condition in which white spots appear on the nails
but do not indicate disease and as the nails grow,
these white spots eventually disappear.
7. Onychorrhexis or Split /
brittle It is caused by injury to the finger, improper filing or
Nails exposure to harsh chemicals. Dry, brittle nails have
revealed thyroid disease

8. Onychauxis An overgrowth of the nail, usually in thickness

rather than length caused by a local infection and
can also be hereditary. This condition may be given
nail services if infection is not present.
9. Onychatrophia
An atrophy or wasting away of the nail plate
which causes it to lose its luster, become smaller
and sometimes shed entirely. Injury or disease
may account for this irregularity.
10. Onychophagy or Bitten It is caused by nervous habit and stress related. It
Nails is a sign of persistent anxiety that could benefit
from treatment. This has also been linked to
obsessive - compulsive disorder. The signs are
sensitive to touch, nail plate may appear flat and
deformed.
11. Pterygium The inward advance of skin over the nail plate. This
results in the loss of the nail plate due to the
development of scar tissue. Cortisone is used to
prevent the advancement of scar tissue.

8
 Glittering Ideas

Clients with a nail disorder may receive a service unless infection

is present.

Activity 2

COMPLETION TEST
Directions: Each sentence below has a blank space; each blank indicates that
something has been omitted. Inside the box are words that fits the meaning of the
sentence as a whole. Write your answers in your quiz notebook
Hand spa Tinea unguium Leuconychia Pterygium Bruised nail

Nail disorder Fungal and bacterial Ingrown nail Onychosis Bluish

nails

1._____________refers to any disease, disorder or condition of the nails.

2.This indicates infection in the lungs, such as pneumonia. Some heart problems can
also be associated with ___________.
3. Onychomycosis also known as ____________or ringworm of the nails is an
infectious disease caused by a fungus which commonly appears in whitish patches
that can be scraped off from the surface.
4. ___________ a condition in which white spots appear on the nails but do not
indicate disease and as the nails grow, these white spots eventually disappear.
5. Nail Diseases are problems of nails from _______________________
infections to other causes of nail abnormalities
6.____________ are condition caused by injury to the nails, diseases or imbalances
in the body.
7._____________ the result of trauma to the nail plate. This causes injury to nail,
blood becomes trapped under nail
8. ___________ results in the loss of the nail plate due to the development of scar
tissue.
9.Improper trimming and shaping of nails are often responsible for
________________.

10.___________ is a treatment performed by professionally trained staff and is

done to replenish, restore and rejuvenate naturally tired hands

9
 Generalization

 Nail-is a horny, translucent plate that protects the tips of the fingers
and toes. It is composed mainly of keratin, a protein substance that
forms the base of all horny tissue.
 Onychosis refers to any disease, disorder or condition of the nails.
 Nail Diseases – are problems of nails from fungal and bacterial
infections to other causes of nail abnormalities
 Nail Disorders – are condition caused by injury to the nails,
diseases or imbalances in the body.
 Pus is the yellowish fluid that oozes from the wound. It is a sign of
infection.

 Fungi are plant organisms that live on dead, decaying or living

matter. Some fungi are capable of causing serious infections but
some are harmful and beneficial.

Assessment

Instruction: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. On top of your paper,
write the competency stated in the Most Essential Learning Competency.

I.TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: Write T if the statement is correct, and write F if the statement is incorrect.

____ 1. Onychosis is any disease, disorder, or condition of the nail.

____ 2. If a disorder is present, the client may be treated in the salon with care.
____ 3. Tinea Manus is ringworm of the nail.
____ 4. Proceed with the hand spa treatment if there are signs of infection
____ 5. Nail diseases are condition caused by injury to the nails, or
imbalances in the body.

10
II.MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Match the definition of terms in Column A with the appropriate term in
Column B.

Column A Column B
1. Leuconychia A) ingrown nails
2. Onychocryptosis B) inflammation of the skin around the nail
3. Onycholysis C) wavy ridges
4. Paronychia D) white spots
5. Corrugations E) an overgrowth of the nail in thickness

III.MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Choose the correct answer and write your answer on a sheet of paper
1. It is the thecnical term for nail
A. Onconail B. Onyx C. Onycholysis D. Onyxi
2. It is the yellowish fluid that oozes from the wound.
A. Bacteria B. Fungus C. Pus D. Yeast

3. It is caused by nervous habit and stress related.

A. Bitten nails B. Bruised nails C. Hang nails D. Split nails

4. It is wavy ridges caused by uneven growth of the nails.

A. Currugations B.Onychia C. Onychauxis D. Pterygium

5. It is used as a treatment in spas and salons to lock in moisture.

A. Body scrub B. Lotion C. Paraffin wax D. Soap

11
 References

Module
K to 12 Basic Education Curriclum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning
Module in Beauty Care (Nail Care) Services 9
K to 12 Basic Education Curriclum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning
Module in Beauty Care (Nail Care) Services Exploratory Course
Grade 7 and 8

Website

“Nails: Hand spa massage”, myfatpocket,Accessed June

16,2020,https://youtu.be/5x9xojAQrS0.

“Part 1 Hand and foot spa”, beautyouamal, Accessed June 16,2020,

https://youtu.be/djZO4O20bkw,

“Part 2 Hand and Foot spa with paraffin”, beautyouamal, Accessed June 16,2020
https://youtu.be/JZMHe5A0Fes

James Okekporo. “What is the average growth rate of nails in adults?”,

https://getlongnail.com/what-is-the-average-growth-rate-of-nails-in-adults/, May
25, 2019.

“Fingernails are keratinized and function in grooming, pricking…” Nail Structure.

Pinteres.com. Accessed July 20,2020.
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.pinterest.com/amp/pin/3970908921298578
76/,

12
 13
Activity 1 Activity 2
1. Free edge 1.A
2.Nail plate 2.D
3. Nail wall 3.E
4. Lunula 4. C
5. Cuticle 5.F
1. Hyponychuim 6.B
2. Nail bed 7.H
3. Nail root 8.
4. Nail wall 9.J
5. Onyx 10. G
Assessment
Test I. Test II Test III
1. T 1. D 1B
2. T 2. A 2.C
3. F 3.E 3.A
4. F 4.B 4.A
5. F 5.C 5C
Answer Keys