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    2324 T1 Physics 3 and 4 Forces Motion Turning Effects

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    wilsonconcepcion
    This document discusses forces and motion, including: 1. How forces affect the motion of objects on roller coasters as they speed up, slow down, and turn. 2. Key forces like weight, friction, air resistance, and their effects. 3. The relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, and how mass resists changes in motion. 4. Calculating weight using the formula weight = mass x gravitational force. 5. How mass stays the same but weight changes on other planets due to differences in gravitational pull.

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    2324 T1 Physics 3 and 4 Forces Motion Turning Effects

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    wilsonconcepcion
    11 views38 pages
    This document discusses forces and motion, including: 1. How forces affect the motion of objects on roller coasters as they speed up, slow down, and turn. 2. Key forces like weight, friction, air resistance, and their effects. 3. The relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, and how mass resists changes in motion. 4. Calculating weight using the formula weight = mass x gravitational force. 5. How mass stays the same but weight changes on other planets due to differences in gravitational pull.

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    2324 T1 Physics 3 and 4 Forces Motion Turning effects

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    This document discusses forces and motion, including: 1. How forces affect the motion of objects on roller coasters as they speed up, slow down, and turn. 2. Key forces like weight, friction, air resistance, and their effects. 3. The relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, and how mass resists changes in motion. 4. Calculating weight using the formula weight = mass x gravitational force. 5. How mass stays the same but weight changes on other planets due to differences in gravitational pull.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views38 pages

    2324 T1 Physics 3 and 4 Forces Motion Turning Effects

    Uploaded by

    wilsonconcepcion
    This document discusses forces and motion, including: 1. How forces affect the motion of objects on roller coasters as they speed up, slow down, and turn. 2. Key forces like weight, friction, air resistance, and their effects. 3. The relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, and how mass resists changes in motion. 4. Calculating weight using the formula weight = mass x gravitational force. 5. How mass stays the same but weight changes on other planets due to differences in gravitational pull.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 38

    Unit 3 and 4: Forces & Motion

    and Turning effects of forces

    Secondary 3
    Learning outcomes:
    1 How to identify the forces acting on an object
    2 How a resultant force changes the motion of an object
    3 The difference between mass and weight
    4 How force, mass, and acceleration are related
    5 How to describe the turning effect of a force
    6 The conditions needed for an object to be in
    equilibrium
    7 How to calculate the moment of a force
    8 How to apply the principle of moments to determine
    unknown forces and distances
    9 How the centre of mass of an object affects its
    stability
    Activity: Roller coaster ride
    Roller Coaster Forces
    • When there is an increase in speed or
    acceleration, what would be the
    reaction of your body?
    • When there is a decrease in speed or
    acceleration, what would be the
    reaction of your body?
    • When there is a sudden turn to the left,
    what would be the reaction of your
    body?
    • What forces at work in a roller coaster
    when you are falling downward?
    Activity: Roller coaster ride

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_wPzGOyxNs
    Forces and motion
    • When the roller-coaster speeds up, you
    might feel that you are pushed to your
    seats. This is how you can tell that it is
    accelerating.
    • When it breaks, you will suddenly be
    pushed forward because the car is
    decelerating.
    • When there are sharp curves, you will
    feel the turns created by the track.
    Forces and Motion
    • As an object moves
    downhill, it may
    speed up.
    • A sudden break will
    decelerate (negative
    acceleration) a car,
    you can be thrown
    out if you are not
    wearing a seatbelt.
    • An object falling
    downwards gravity is
    is pulling it.
    Newton (N)
    • Forces – pushes and pulls – affect objects
    as they move. Forces can change motion.
    • Newton is used as a unit for measuring
    forces
    • Examples:
    • You lift an apple, you will need around
    1 N of force
    • When you jump, your leg muscles will
    need around 1000N
    • When car accelerates, the engine can
    provide about 5000N
    • When you are riding a space shuttle
    rocket, its around 1 000 000 N
    Force
    Important forces
    Weight – the pull of gravity in an
    object.
    Contact force – when two object
    touches. It is the reason why the floor
    will stop you from falling through the
    floor

    Friction – opposes
    motion. When you
    applied a force in a
    certain direction,
    friction acts in the
    opposite direction
    Important forces
    Air resistance or drag - the force
    of friction when an object moves
    through air or water.
    Upthrust – the upward
    push of a liquid or gas
    on an object. The
    upthrust of water
    makes you float in
    water.
    Magnetic – the force when
    magnet attracts or repel.
    Forces produce
    acceleration
    • Forces can be
    represented by the
    arrow. Force has a
    direction, shown by
    direction of the arrow.
    • A force can make an
    object change speed
    (accelerate). A
    forward force makes
    it speed up. Backward
    force makes it slow
    down.
    • A force can change the
    direction in which an
    object is moving.
    Forces and Motion
    !
    • Take care always to think about
    forces acting on an object. These
    are the forces that will affect its
    motion, not the forces it exerts
    on other object
    Question P3.01

    Open your books.


    Say how will the
    movement change
    based on the force
    acting on it.
    Two or more forces
    Air resistance

    accelerates

    • When driving a car and it accelerates, • To get the resultant force acting on
    there is a force that slows it down. This the car, subtract one from the
    is air resistance, specific kind of other.
    frictional force. • Resultant force = 500N-400N
    • The air drags on the object, producing a• = 100 N to the left
    force that acts in an opposite direction
    • Write the direction after the
    • In this scenario, there are two forces: resultant force.
    • Push of engine: 500 N to the left • Subtract the smaller value to the
    • Drag of air resistance: 400 N to the larger value then add the direction
    right
    Two or more forces
    400N 500N

    Resultant force = 100N

    • The resultant force will make the car


    accelerate to the left, but because of
    air resistance, it becomes lower than
    the push of the engine.
    Two or more forces
    500 N 500 N

    Resultant force = 0 N

    • There are cases that there is NO resultant force (zero newton).


    • This occurs when the forces on the object is balanced.
    • If no resultant force acts on an object, it will not accelerate; it
    will remain at rest or continue to move at a constant speed in a
    straight line
    • If an object is at rest or is moving at constant speed in a straight
    line, we can say that there is no resultant force acting on it.
    Question P3.02

    Open your books.


    Answer the
    questions.
    Mass, weight
    and gravity
    • When you drop an object, gravity will pull
    the object downward. The image in right
    shows that the speed of an object becomes
    faster as it falls down. It means that the
    object is accelerating.
    • If an object accelerates, there must be a
    force acting on it. It is gravity.
    • Weight – the name given to the force of
    gravity acting on an object. It is measured
    in Newton (N).
    • Every object on earth or near Earth’s
    surface has weight.
    • Earth has a gravitational field around it.
    • Any object in Earth’s gravitational field
    has weight because of the pull of gravity
    Mass, weight
    and gravity
    • Earth pulls with a force of
    10 N (approximately) on
    each kilogram of matter.
    • Weight of 1 kg mass = 10 N
    • Gravitational force per unit
    mass or g is:
    • g = 10 N/kg
    • If you drop a 5 kg ball and 1 kg ball
    at the same time, they will reach the
    same time because all objects have
    same acceleration due to gravity.
    Calculating weight
    • Weight = mass x gravitational force per unit mass
    W = mg
    • g = 10 N/kg

    Try calculating your weight


    Mass and Weight
    • Mass of an object is measured in kilograms,
    tells you how much matter it is composed of.
    • Weight of an object is measured in Newtons,
    the gravitational force that acts on it
    • If you take an object to the moon, its mass
    will remain the same but its weight will be
    different, it will weigh less because Moon’s
    gravity is weaker than the Earth’s.

    • Gravitational field strength


    • Earth’s gravitational field extends far
    out in space. This is the reason why
    Moon orbits the Earth. The farther you
    go from Earth, the weaker the field will
    get. The g far from Earth will be less
    than 10 N/kg
    Force, mass and acceleration
    • More mass an object has,
    the higher the force
    • Higher the acceleration, the
    higher the force F
    • F = ma
    • More massive object, it is
    harder to accelerate
    m a
    • Mass of an object is the
    property to resist changes
    in motion.
    Quantity Symbol SI unit
    Force F newton, N
    Mass m Kilogram, kg
    Acceleration a Metres per second
    squared, m/s2
    Mission to the moon
    Lillian Weinberg, an astronaut, has a mass of 55 kg.
    She left Earth on an expedition to the Moon.
    The forces acting on the rocketship is the thrust of the
    rocketship, drag caused by the air resistance and the
    total weight of the rocketship.
    • Guide Questions:
    • Draw the rocket. Put an arrow on each force
    acting on it.
    • What is her weight on Earth?
    • When she arrives on the Moon, will her mass
    be more, less or the same?
    • Will her weight be more, less or the same?
    Don’t crash
    the plane
    Guide Questions:
    • In order for it to fly horizontally at a steady speed, which two of the
    forces on the aeroplane must be equal?
    • In order to fly in a straight line, there must be a fourth force acting on
    the plane. Draw the plane and add the arrow to show the necessary
    direction of the force. What do you think is this force?
    • The aeroplane flies from the Philippines to South Korea in four (4)
    hours. The distance is 2600 km.
    • Calculate, in km/h, the average speed of the aeroplane.
    • On the return journey, from South Korea to the Philippines, the
    journey time is shorter, even though the engine thrust is the same.
    Suggest what might have caused the return journey to be shorter.
    Apply the concepts of combining forces.
    • If the velocity is increased 1.25 times of its original velocity (use
    the average speed you calculated), what would be its acceleration
    if the time interval to achieve the acceleration is 30 minutes.
    • What is the force of the airplane if its mass is 120 000 kg.
    TURNING EFFECTS OF FORCES
    Learning outcomes:
    5 How to describe the turning effect of a force
    6 The conditions needed for an object to be in equilibrium
    7 How to calculate the moment of a force
    8 How to apply the principle of moments to determine unknown forces and
    distances
    9 How the centre of mass of an object affects its stability
    Activity: The door
    • The student will try to open the door by varying their distance from the hinge to
    the point where they will apply their force.
    Guide Questions
    • Which way will it be easier to open the door? Closer or farther from the hinge?
    Why?
    TURNING EFFECTS OF FORCES
    • Pivot – the fixed point where the
    object can be turned
    • Moment – the quantity that tells us
    the turning effect of a force
    • The moment of a force is
    bigger if the force is bigger
    • The moment of a force is
    bigger if it acts further from
    the pivot
    • The moment of a force is
    greatest if it acts at 90
    degrees to the object it acts
    on.
    Application of
    turning effects
    • Using a crowbar to lift at
    heavy rock – pull near the
    end of the bar, and at 90o, to
    have the biggest possible
    turning effects
    • Lifting a load in a
    wheelbarrow, the handles
    help to increase the moment
    of lifting force.
    • When cooking fried rice, it
    would be easier to toss the
    rice if you are handling it the
    farthest from the pan
    Activity: Strong wind vs trees
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vO1L55FrP8w

    Questions
    • Why taller trees have a higher tendency to fall
    with strong winds? Explain your answer.
    • In the scenario, which is the source of force?
    • Which is the pivot?
    • What measures can you do to avoid trees from
    falling?
    Balancing a beam
    • Beam – a long rigid object that is pivoted at a point.
    • A seesaw is an example of a beam, and two forces are acting on it (below image) Person
    A and Person B
    • The force from Person A and B causes turning effects.
    • For the beam to be balanced, the moments of the two forces must cancel each other out.
    • When a beam is balanced, we call that as in equilibrium
    • The forces on it must be balanced (no resultant force)
    • The turning effects of the forces on it must also be balanced (no resultant turning
    effect)
    • If a resultant force acts on an object, it will start to move off in the direction of the
    resultant force.
    • If there is a resultant turning effect, it will start to rotate
    Calculating moments
    Moment of a force – the turning effect of a force about a point

    Moment of a force = force x distance from pivot to force


    M=Fd
    The unit of Moment of a force could be N.m, N.cm, N.mm
    depending on the unit of distance used.

    Example: You are turning a screw (shown in the image below), the
    distance from the pivot to your force is 50 cm. What would be the
    moment of the force if you used 30N?
    Balancing moments
    • The child in left is turning the
    seesaw anticlockwise. The two child
    in right is turning the seesaw
    clockwise.
    • From the data in the image in right,
    you can confirm if it is actually
    balance.
    • Anticlockwise moment = 500 x 2.0
    • = 1000 N.m
    • Clockwise moment
    • = (300x2.0) + (400 x 1.0)
    • = 600 N.m + 400 N.m
    • = 1000 N.m

    • Total clockwise = total


    anticlockwise
    Practise:
    What is the needed force to balance
    the beam? (diagram not to scale)

    200N 65N F=?

    0.5 m 1m 2.5 m
    Practise:
    What is the distance of the force to
    balance the beam? (diagram not to
    scale)

    50N F= 5N
    25N

    0.5 m Distance=? 2.5 m


    Past and extension activity
    If the weight of the beam is 20 N,
    what is the contact force of this
    balanced beam?

    50N F= 5N
    25N

    0.5 m Distance=0.5 m 2.5 m

    20 N
    a
    a

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