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    CH 04

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    suc10660215
    This chapter discusses motion in two and three dimensions. It defines concepts such as position, displacement, average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration. It also describes projectile motion, uniform circular motion, and relative motion. Kinematic equations are provided relating displacement, velocity, acceleration and time.

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    CH 04

    Uploaded by

    suc10660215
    11 views16 pages
    This chapter discusses motion in two and three dimensions. It defines concepts such as position, displacement, average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration. It also describes projectile motion, uniform circular motion, and relative motion. Kinematic equations are provided relating displacement, velocity, acceleration and time.

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    Ch04

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    This chapter discusses motion in two and three dimensions. It defines concepts such as position, displacement, average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration. It also describes projectile motion, uniform circular motion, and relative motion. Kinematic equations are provided relating displacement, velocity, acceleration and time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views16 pages

    CH 04

    Uploaded by

    suc10660215
    This chapter discusses motion in two and three dimensions. It defines concepts such as position, displacement, average and instantaneous velocity and acceleration. It also describes projectile motion, uniform circular motion, and relative motion. Kinematic equations are provided relating displacement, velocity, acceleration and time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    Chapter 4

    Motion in Two and Three Dimensions


    Position and Displacement
     The position of an object
    is described by its
    position vector

     The displacement of the


    object is defined as the
    change in its position
    Average Velocity and Instantaneous
    Velocity

     Average velocity

     Instantaneous velocity
    (or velocity) is in the
    limit of t0
    Instantaneous Velocity and Speed

     The direction of the instantaneous velocity


    vector at any point in a particle’
    s path is
    along a line tangent to the path at that point
    and in the direction of motion.
     The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity
    vector is the speed.
     The speed is a scalar quantity.
    Average Acceleration and
    Instantaneous Acceleration

     Average acceleration

     Instantaneous acceleration (or acceleration)


    Kinematic Equations, Component
    Equations

     Constant acceleration a
     vf = vi + at becomes
     vxf = vxi + axt and
     vyf = vyi + ayt
     rf = ri + vi t + ½ at2 becomes
     xf = xi + vxi t + ½ axt2 and
     yf = yi + vyi t + ½ ayt2
    Projectile Motion

     A particle moves in a vertical plane with some


    initial velocity v0 but its acceleration is always
    the free-fall acceleration g, which is downward.
     Such a particle is called a projectile and its
    motion is called projectile motion.
    Projectile Motion Analyzed

     Reference frame chosen (see next page)


     y is vertical with upward positive

     Acceleration components

     ay = -g and ax = 0

     Initial velocity components

     vxi = vi cos q and vyi = vi sin q


    Verifying the Parabolic Trajectory
     The projectile’
    s path is the trajectory.
     Displacements:

    x = vxi t = (vi cosi)t


     y = vyi t + ½ay t2 = (vi sini )t - ½ gt2

     Combining the equations gives:


     g 2
    y 
    tan i x  2 x
    2vi cos i 
    2

     This is in the form of y = ax –bx2 which is


    the standard form of a parabola.
    Uniform Circular Motion

     Uniform circular motion occurs when an


    object moves in a circular path with a constant
    speed.
     An acceleration exists since the direction of the
    motion is changing.
     This change in velocity is related to an
    acceleration.
     The velocity vector is always tangent to the
    path of the object.
    Centripetal Acceleration and Period
    The centripetal acceleration
    is always perpendicular to the
    path of the motion and points
    toward the center of the circle
    of motion.

    The period is the time required


    for one complete revolution
    Proof of and centripetal acceleration
    Relative Motion in One Dimension
    Frame B moves at a constant
    velocity of VBA with respect
    to frame A.
    Relative Motion in Two and Three
    Dimensions
    Summary

    With known r (t ) x(t )iˆ y (t ) ˆ
    j z (t )k ,̂
     
     dr (t ) dx(t ) ˆ dy (t ) ˆ dz (t ) ˆ  dv (t )
    v (t )   i j k and a (t ) 
    dt dt dt dt dt

      
    With known a (t ), v (t0 ), and r (t0 ),
      t 
     a x (t )dt 
    t
    v (t ) v (t0 )  a (t )dt vx (t0 )  iˆ
    t0  t0 

    v y (t0 ) 
    t
    a y (t )dt 
     ˆ
    j
     t 0 

    v z (t 0 ) 
    
    t
    a z (t )dt 
    kˆ

     t0 
      t 
    r (t ) r (t 0 )  v (t )dt
    t0

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