12/1/2023

CS_RS12-IIa-c-6

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
CHAPTER II - METHODOLOGY
Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data
Planning Data Analysis

PREPARED BY: MS. KARINA YVONNE D. PASCUA

https://www.jpppt.com

RECAPITULATION
What have you learned so far?

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Objective/s
After going through this discussion, you are expected to:
1. Plan data analysis using statistics and
hypothesis testing (if appropriate)

Learning Competency/ies
6. plans data analysis using statistics
and hypothesis testing (if appropriate)
-CS_RS12-IIa-c-6

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YOUR RESEARCH PAPER

Before writing your Activity 2 - Chapter 2,

the requirement below must be submitted:

Alignment Matrix
Working Title: ________________________________________

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Data Analysis
• Data analysis is the most crucial part of
any research.
• Data analysis summarizes collected data.
It involves the interpretation of data
gathered through the use of analytical
and logical reasoning to determine
patterns, relationships or trends.
https://library.up.ac.za/c.php?g=485435&p=4425510#:~:text=Data%20analysis%20is%20the%20most,determine%20patterns%2C%20relationships%20or%20trends.
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What to consider in Data Analysis

• Research problem
• Type of data obtained
• The hypothesis to be tested
• Scale used in your research instrument

https://library.up.ac.za/c.php?g=485435&p=4425510#:~:text=Data%20analysis%20is%20the%20most,determine%20patterns%2C%20relationships%20or%20trends.
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Statistical Treatment
• It makes explicit the different
statistical methods and
formulas needed to analyze
the research data.
• This is where numerical data
is subjected depending on
the nature and the type of
research problem.

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Descriptive Statistical Technique

• provides a summary of the
ordered or sequenced data
from your research sample.
• Examples of these tools are
frequency distribution,
measure of central tendencies
(mean, median, mode), and
standard deviation.

https://www.cuemath.com/data/descriptive-statistics/
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Inferential Statistical Technique

• This is used when the
research study focuses on
finding predictions; testing
hypothesis; and finding
interpretations,
generalizations, and
conclusions.

https://www.cuemath.com/data/inferential-statistics/
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Descriptive and Inferential

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Descriptive and Inferential

• Inferential Statistics will only need to be
mentioned on your paper if hypothesis
testing is present or if statistics is
required for the data interpretation –
Are you going to use Descriptive
Statistical Technique or Inferential
Statistics, or Both?

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Types of Statistical Analysis

1. A univariate analysis means analysis of one variable.
(uni=1)
2. A bivariate analysis means Analysis of two variables
such as independent and dependent variables. (bi=2)
3. A multivariate analysis involves analysis of the multiple
relations between multiple variables.

https://www.slideserve.com/madge/univariate-and-bivariate-analysis
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpiktochart.com%2Fblog%2Funi-bi-or-tri-variate%2F&psig=AOvVaw3Mq-KJTIhuxlQg39O4sphR&ust=1681143684498000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBMQjhxqFwoTCODe0vrwnv4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

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Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests

• Parametric Analysis to • Parametric Analysis to
test group means test group median
• Information about the • Information about the
population is known population is
unknown/not available
• Specific assumptions • No assumptions are
are made regarding the made regarding the
population population
• Handles interval or ratio • Handles Ordinal,
data nominal (or interval or
ratio), ranked data
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FAniruddhaDeshmukh2%2Fparametric-vs-nonparametric-71033169&psig=AOvVaw0Ge0C3PQvaxUiWnX31QzqN&ust=1681144309975000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBMQjhxqFwoTCLC3-6Tznv4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

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Refresher in Statistics and Probability

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What is the Objective of the

Research Study?
Test of Relationship between Two Variables
➢ Pearson’s r (parametric)
➢ Phi coefficient (non-parametric for nominal and
dichotomous variables)
➢ Spearman’s rho (non-parametric for ordinal variable)

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What is the Objective of the

Research Study?
Test of Difference between Two Data Sets from One Group
➢ T-test for dependent samples (parametric)
➢ McNemar change test (non-parametric for nominal and
dichotomous variables)
➢ Wilcoxon signed-rank test (non-parametric for ordinal
variable)

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What is the Objective of the

Research Study?
Test of Difference between Two Data Sets from Two
Different Groups
➢ T-test for independent samples (parametric)
➢ Two-way chi-square (non-parametric for nominal
variable)
➢ Mann-Whitney U test (non-parametric for ordinal
variable)

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What is the Objective of the

Research Study?
Test More than Two Population Means
➢ Analysis of Variance or ANOVA (parametric)

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What is the Objective of the

Research Study?
Test the Strength of Relation or Effect or Impact
➢ Regression (parametric)

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Once the Statistical Method has

been identified:
• Manually Compute for the data needed for further
analysis and interpretation. OR;
• You can use computer software to aid your analysis!
• Microsoft Excel – Data Analysis Function
• SPSS - powerful statistical software platform

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Data Collection Procedures:

Including:
Data Analysis part on how are you
going to answer EACH of the SOPs
in your research.

ALL ARE IN PARAGRAPH FORM!

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Developing Mastery: Class Activity

What are the most common

tests/objectives in a research study?

1. Test of Relationship
2. Test of Difference
3. Test of Effect

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APPLICATION
What do you think is the importance
of Statistics in today’s quantitative
research?

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ABSTRACTION
How do you know the specific
statistical tests to be used in a
research study?
Answer: One should be able to identify first the following: Research
problem, Type of data obtained, The hypothesis to be tested and the
Scale used in your research instrument.

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Choose the Appropriate Statistical Test –

GROUP WORK
Determine the statistical test/s appropriate for the sample research. Make sure
to explain your decision in one to two sentences.

1. Relationship between Academic Stressors and Learning Preferences of

Senior High School Students
2. Reading Electronic Learning Materials as a Support for Vocabulary of
Grade 1 Pupils
3. Impact of the Implementation of COVID – 19 Health Protocols in
Supermarkets on Consumer Behaviors
4. Effects of Morning Exercise on the Health Anxiety Level of Senior
Citizens
5. Measuring the Gadgets Usage of Children at Home during Quarantine
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Questions?

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Course requirement:
1. Write a scholarly-written Methodology
for your research paper.

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Course requirement:
• Preliminary Statement – After Chapter Title
(before research design)

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RESEARCH
PROPOSAL

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TITLE PAGE/
COVER PAGE

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References

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2, Quarter 2 - Module 1, Understanding

Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data, pp. 4-42

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