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    Urinary System and Fluid Balance

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    loviamae.belizar
    The urinary system functions to excrete waste from the blood through urine produced by the kidneys. The kidneys also regulate blood volume, pressure, and the concentration of solutes and ions. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that filter blood to produce urine, which is then transported by the ureters to the urinary bladder for storage before being excreted through the urethra. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, which are the functional filtering units of the kidney.

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    Urinary System and Fluid Balance

    Uploaded by

    loviamae.belizar
    2 views3 pages
    The urinary system functions to excrete waste from the blood through urine produced by the kidneys. The kidneys also regulate blood volume, pressure, and the concentration of solutes and ions. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that filter blood to produce urine, which is then transported by the ureters to the urinary bladder for storage before being excreted through the urethra. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, which are the functional filtering units of the kidney.

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    The urinary system functions to excrete waste from the blood through urine produced by the kidneys. The kidneys also regulate blood volume, pressure, and the concentration of solutes and ions. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that filter blood to produce urine, which is then transported by the ureters to the urinary bladder for storage before being excreted through the urethra. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, which are the functional filtering units of the kidney.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2 views3 pages

    Urinary System and Fluid Balance

    Uploaded by

    loviamae.belizar
    The urinary system functions to excrete waste from the blood through urine produced by the kidneys. The kidneys also regulate blood volume, pressure, and the concentration of solutes and ions. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that filter blood to produce urine, which is then transported by the ureters to the urinary bladder for storage before being excreted through the urethra. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, which are the functional filtering units of the kidney.

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    URINARY SYSTEM AND FLUID BALANCE

    Function

    EXCRETION
    - Major function
    - Kidneys remove waste products from blood
    - Metabolic by-products of cell metabolism
    - Substances absorbed from the Small Intestine
    - Skin, liver, lungs, and intestines ANATOMY

    REGULATION of BLOOD VOLUME and


    Kidneys
    PRESSURE
    - Bean-shaped
    - Kidneys play a major role in controlling
    Extracellular Fluid (ECF) vol - 120-170g
    - Kidneys produce either large vol of diluted or - 10-12cm long; 5-6cm wide; 2-3cm thick
    small vol of concentrated urine
    - T12 to L3 vertebrae
    - Depending on the hydration level of the body
    - Through urine production, the kidneys regulate
    blood volume and blood pressure

    Renal Cortex
    - Light color of the outer region of the
    REGULATION OF BLOOD SOLUTE
    CONCENTRATION kidneys
    - Kidneys help regulate the concentration of - Produce CORTISOL
    major molecules and ions
    - Regulate metabolism & helps body
    - Glucose, Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca++, HCO3-, HPO4
    respond to stress
    - ALDOSTERONE, control BP
    REGULATION of ECF pH
    - Kidneys excrete variable amounts of H+
    Renal Medulla
    -Darker reddish-brown area
    REGULATION of RBC Synthesis
    - Controls hormones that initiate the FIGHT or
    - Kidneys secrete a hormone, erythropoietin FLIGHT response
    - Regulates the synthesis of RBC in bone marrow

    Renal Pyramids
    REGULATION of Vit D Synthesis - Triangular part w/ stripes
    - Kidneys play an important role in controlling - Collection of tubes & ducts
    blood levels of Ca++
    - Urine filtration
    - By regulating the synthesis of vit. D
    Renal Papilla Ureters
    -Tips of the renal pyramid -2 slender tubes from the renal pelvis to the
    posterior inferior portion of the urinary bladder
    - Point towards the renal sinus
    - 25-30cm (10-12in) long
    Renal Calyces - 6mm (1/4in) in diameter
    - Funnel-shaped chamber surrounding the tip of - URETEROVESICAL VALVES, prevent urine
    the papilla from flowing back towards the kidneys

    Urinary Bladder
    Renal Column of Bertin -Hollow, muscular container that lies in the pelvic
    cavity
    - Medullary extension of the renal cortex in
    between the renal pyramids - Posterior to the pubic symphysis
    - It allows the cortex to be better anchored - Stores urine
    -600 to 800ml of urine; max 1000ml
    Renal Pelvis -Transitional epithelium

    -Medial to the hilum is a flat, basin-like cavity


    - The point of convergence of 2 or 3 major calyces Trigone
    - Act as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter -Smooth triangular region of the bladder base,
    where infections tend to persist
    - Embedded in and surrounded by the renal sinus
    - Located between the openings of the ureters
    and urethra
    Renal Hilum - Does not expand with the urinary bladder wall
    - Concave part as it fills

    - Blood vessels and nerves enter & exit - Act as a funnel for emptying the urinary bladder

    - Narrows significantly forming the small


    diameter tube called ureter Detrusor Muscle
    - Point of exit for ureters -Smooth m. found in the wall of the bladder
    - Primary function: contract during urination to
    push the urine out of the bladder and into the
    Arcuate Arteries and Veins urethra
    -Vessels of the renal circulation
    - Located at the border of the renal cortex and
    Urethra
    Medulla
    -Thin-walled tube that carries urine by peristalsis
    from the bladder to the outside of the body
    - INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER, smooth
    m.
    - EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER,
    skeletal m.

    Male Urethra
    -20cm (8-10in)
    - Prostatic: widest
    - Membranous: narrow
    - Bulbous: round
    - Pendulous/ Spongy: longest
    Nephron

    Female Urethra 1. Renal corpuscle


    2. Proximal convoluted tubule
    -3-4cm (1 1/2in) 3. Loop of Henle
    - External orifice, lies anterior to the vaginal 4. Distal convoluted tubule
    opening

    Renal Corpuscle
    NEPHRON - Filtration portion

    -histological and functional unit of the kidney - GLOMERULUS, network/ tuft of capillaries twisted
    around each other like a ball of yarn
    - 1.3 million
    - BOWMAN CAPSULE (glomerular capsule), double-
    walled chamber surrounding the glomerulus
    Renal tubule

    CORTICAL
    - Renal corpuscles distributed throughout the
    cortex
    - Loops of Henle are shorter and closer to the
    outer edge of the cortex
    - Excretory and regulatory functions
    -85%
    - Reduced vasa recta
    - Small glomerulus resulting to low GFR
    URINE FORMATION

    JUXTAMEDULLARY
    - Renal corpuscles deep in the cortex near the
    medulla
    - Long loops of Henle, which extend deep into the
    medulla
    Only 15% of nephrons
    - Main function: concentrate/ dilute urine/ urea
    - Contain large network of vasa recta
    - Large glomerulus = high GFR
    - Longer loops of Henle are well adapted for
    water conservation

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