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INDEX
Topic
OOP Concepts:- Data abstraction, encapsulation inheritance
Benefits of Inheritance
Polymorphism, classes and objects
Procedural and object oriented programming paradigms
Java Programming: History of Java
Comments, Data types, Variables, Constants
Scope and Lifetime of variables
Operators, Operator Hierarchy, Expressions
‘Type conversion and casting, Enumerated types
Control flow- block scope, conditional statements, loops, break
and continue statements
Simple java stand alone programs, arrays
Console input and output, formatting output
Constructors, methods, parameter passing
Static fields and methods, access control, this reference,
Overloading methods and constructors, recursion, garbage
collection,
Building strings, exploring string class.
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Inheritance — Inheritance hierarchies super and sub classes,
Member access rules
super keyword, preventing inheritance: final classes and
methods, the Object class and its methods,
Polymorphism — dynamic binding, method overriding,
abstract classes and methods.
Interfaces- Interfaces Vs Abstract classes, defining an
interface, implement interfaces
Accessing implementations through interface references,
extending interface.
Inner classes- Uses of inner classes, local inner classes
Anonymous inner classes, static inner classes, examples,
Packages- Defining, creating and accessing a pack
Understanding CLASSPATH, importing packages,
Exception handling- Dealing with errors, benefits of exception
handling
The classification of exceptions- exception hierarchy, checked
exceptions and unchecked exceptions
Usage of try, catch, throw, throws and finally,
Rethrowing exceptions, exception specif
Built in exceptions, creating own exception sub classes.
Multithreading — Differences between multiple processes and
multiple threads, thread states
Creating threads, interrupting threads, thread priorities,
synchronizing threads
Inter-thread communication, producer consumer pattern
Exploring java.net and java.text.
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Collection Framework in Java — Introduction to java
collections, Overview of java collection framework, Generics
Commonly used collection classes- Array List, Vector, Hash
table, Stack, Enumeration, Iterator
String Tokenizer, Random, Scanner, Calendar and Properties.
Files- Sweams- Byte streams, Character streams, Text
inpuVoutput, Binary input/output
Random access file operations, File management using File
class.
Connecting to Database - JDBC Type | to 4 drivers,
Connecting to a a database,
Querying a database and processing the results, updating data
with JDBC.
GUI Programming with Java- The AWT class hierarchy,
Introduction to Swing, Swing Vs AWT, Hierarchy for Swing | 95-100
components
Containers ~ Jframe, JApplet, JDialog, JPanel 100-104
Overview of some Swing components — Jbutton, JLabel, .
JTextField, JTextArea, simple Swing applications, aed
Layout management — Layout manager types ~ border, grid and | 99.144
flow
Event Handling- Events, Event sources, Event classes, Event
112
Listeners, 1-112
Relationship between Event sources and Listeners, Delegation
2
event model, 112-113,
Handling a button click, Handling Mouse events, Adapter
14-116
classes.
Applets — Inheritance hierarchy for applets 18-119
Differences between applets and applications, Life cycle of an
applet, re
Passing parameters to applets, applet security issues. 121
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Unit-1
OOP Concepts
Object. Oriented Programming is a paradigm that provides many concepts such as
inheritance, data binding, polymorphism etc.
Simula is considered as the first object-oriented programming language. The programming
paradigm where everything is represented as an object is known as truly object-oriented
programming language.
Smalltalk is considered as the first truly object-oriented programming language.
OOPs (Object Oriented Programming System)
Object means a real word entity such as pen, chair, table etc. Object-Oriented Programming is
a methodology or paradigm to design a program using classes and objects. It simplifies the
software development and maintenance by providing some concepts
Object
Class
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Abstraction
© Encapsulation
Object
Any entity that has state and behavior is known as an object. For example: chair, pen, table,
keyboard, bike ete. It can be physical and logical.
Class
Collection of objects is called class. It is a logical entity.
Inheritance
‘When one object acquires all the properties and behaviours of parent object i.e. known as
inheritance. It provides code reusability. It is used to achieve runtime polymorphism,
JAVA PROGRAMMING
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When one task is performed by different ways i.e. known as polymorphism. For example: to
convince the customer differently, to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle ete
In java, we use method overloading and method overriding to achieve polymorphism.
Another example can be to speak something e.g. cat speaks meaw, dog barks woof ete.
Abstraction
Hiding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction. For example: phone
call, we don't know the internal processing.
In java, we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction.
Encapsulation
Binding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit is known as encapsulation
For example: capsule, it is wrapped with different medicines.
A java class is the example of encapsulation, Java bean is the fully encapsulated class because all
the data members are private here.
Benefits of Inheritance
One of the key benefits of inheritance is to minimize the amount of duplicate code in an
application by sharing common code amongst several subclasses. Where equivalent code
exists in two related classes, the hierarchy can usually be refactored to move the common
code up to a mutual superclass. This also tends to result in a better organization of code and
smaller, simpler compilation units,
+ Inheritance can also make application code more flexible to change because classes that
inherit from a common superclass can be used interchangeably. If the return type of a
method is superclass
Reusability - facility to use public methods of base class without rewriting the same.
Extensibility - extending the base class logic as per business logic of the derived class,
JAVA PROGRAMMING
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altered by the derived class
Procedural and object oriented program
Features Procedural Object Oriented
Progr Programming (OOPS)
Divided into In POP. program is divided | im OOPs . the program is
into smaller parts called as | divided into parts known as
functions objects.
In POP. importance is not | In OOPs. Importance is
given to data but to | given to the data rather than
functions as well. as| procedures or fictions
sequence of actions to be | because it works as a real
Approach POP follows Top Down | OOPs follows Bottom Up
approach approach
POP docs not have any | OOPs has acce
access specifier amed Publi
Pr et
Data Moving In POP. Data can move | In OOPs. an move
freely from fimction to | and communicate with each
function in the system other through member
Data Access In POP. Most function uses | In OOPs. data can not move
Global data for sharing that | easily from function to
can be accessed freely from | functionit can be kept
function to function in the ate so we can
system cess of data
POP does not
proper way for hi so provides more security
so it is less secure
Overloading In POP. Overloading is not | In OOPs. overloading is
possible in the form o}
Function Overloading and
Operator Overloa:
Examples c JAVA NET.
c
JAVA PROGRAMMING
Scanned with CamScannerJava Programming- History of Java
The history of java starts from Green Team. Java team members (also known
as Green Team), initiated a revolutionary task to develop a language for digital
devices such as set-top boxes, televisions etc.
For the green team members, it was an advance concept at that time. But, it was
suited for internet programming. Later, Java technology as incorporated by
Netscape.
Currently, Java is used in internet programming, mobile devices, games, e-business
solutions etc, There are given the major points that describes the history of java.
1) James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java
language project in June 1991, The small team of sun engineers called Green
Team.
2) Originally designed for small, embedded systems in electronic appliances like set-
top boxes.
3) Firstly, it was called "Greentalk” by James Gosling and file extension was .at.
4) After that, it was called Oak and was developed as a part of the Green
project.
Java Version History
‘There are many java versions that has been released. Current stable release of Java
is Java SE 8.
1, JDK Alpha and Beta (1995)
2. JDK 1.0 (23rd Jan, 1996)
3. JDK 1.1 (19th Feb, 1997)
. J2SE 1.2 (8th Dec, 1998)
. J2SE 1.3 (8th May, 2000)
. J2SE 1.4 (6th Feb, 2002)
J2SE 5.0 (30th Sep, 2004)
. Java SE 6 (11th Dec, 2006)
Java SE 7 (28th July, 2011)
10.Java SE 8 (18th March, 2014)
JAVA PROGRAMMING
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There is given many features of java. They are also known as java buzzwords. The Java Features
below are simple and easy to understand.
Simple
Object-Orie
Portable
Platform independent
Secured
Robust Se -
Architecture neutral
High Platform
Pertomance $———__, Features of Java, independent
eefonmance, lnerpetee
11. Multithreaded
oy
Robust
12,Distributed
amie Architecture Portable
Newral
Java Comments
The java comments are statements that are not executed by the compiler and interpreter. The
comments can be used to provide information or explanation about the variable, method, class or
any statement. It can also be used to hide program code for specific time.
Types of Java Comments
‘There are 3 types of comments in java
Single Line Comment
Multi Line Comment
Documentation Comment
Java Single Line Comment
‘The single line comment is used to comment only one lin
Syntax:
IThis is single line comment
JAVA PROGRAMMIN(
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public class CommentExample! [
public static void main(Stringt] args) {
int i=10,//Here, iis a variable
System.out.printin(i);
Output:
10
Java Multi Line Comment
‘The multi line comment is used to comment multiple lines of code.
Syntax:
rp
This
is
multi line
comment
”
Example:
public class CommentExample? [
public static void main(String{] args) {
* Let's declare and
print variable in java. */
int
System.out.printin(i);
vy
Output:
10
JAVA PROGRAMMIN(
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The documentation comment is used to create documentation API. To create documentation API, you need
to use javadoc tool
Syntax:
”
Example:
/** The Calculator class provides methods to get addition and subtraction of given 2 numbers.*/
public class Calculator (
/** The add) method returns addition of given numbers.*/
public static int add(int a, int b){return a+b;}
/*’The sub() method returns subtraction of given numbers.*/
public static int sub(int a, int b){return ah;)
)
Compile it by javac tool:
jvac Calculator java
Create Documentation API by ja
javadoc Calculator java
Now, there will be HTML files created for your Calculator class in the current directory. Open the HTML
files and see the explanation of Calculator class provided through document
JAVA PROGRAMMIN
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Data types represent the different values to be stored in the variable, In java, there are two types of data types:
© Primitive data types
© Non-primitive
Primitive Non-Primitive
TS
byte shore int
Data Type Default Value Default size
Java Variable Example: Add Two Numbers
class Simple{
public static void main(String{] args)[
int
int
ystem.out.printin(c);
yh
Output:20
JAVA PROGRAMMIN(
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Variable is a name of memory location. There are three types of variables in java: local, instance
and statie.
‘There are two types of data types in java: primitive and non-primitive.
Types of Variable
There are three types of variables in java:
© local variable
instance variable
ce. static variable
1)Local Variable
A variable which is declared inside the method is called local variable.
2) Instance Variable
A variable which is declared inside the class but outside the method, is called instance variable - It
is not declared as static,
3) Statie variable
A variable that is declared as static is called static variable. It cannot be local.
‘We will have detailed learning of these variables in next chapters.
Example to understand the types of variables in java
class A{
int data=50;//instance variable
static int m=100;//static variable
void method(){
int n=90;//local variable
1
Viend of class
Constants in Java
A constant is a variable which cannot have its value changed after declaration. It uses the ‘final’
keyword.
Syntax
modifier final dataType variableName = value;
modifier static final dataType variableName = value:
JAVA PROGRAMMIN
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