XII 7 Years (Chem) E-Sample

INDEX
TM
PAST YEARS
BOARD PAPERS + SAMPLE PAPERS
CLASS - 12
2024 Syllabus Past Years Question Paper

2015 (Delhi)
2024 Paper Design 2015 (Outside Delhi)
2023 (Series HFGIE/2)
CBSE Official SQP 2024 2023 (Series HFGIE/5)
SQP 1 (Fully Solved)
The Only Book which has no out of syllabus questions
The only book which has no out of syllabus questions

Note
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Contents
☛ Latest Syllabus (2024 EXAMINATION) ... (iv)
 Latest CBSE Question Paper Design ... (viii)

(Issued by CBSE for 2024)
☛ Latest CBSE Sample Question Paper (Fully Solved) ... S–1

☛ Sample Question Papers (1 to 5) (Fully Solved) ... S-16
☛ Past Years’ CBSE Examination Papers (Fully Solved)

2015 (Delhi) ... ... 1
2015 (Outside Delhi) ... ... 12
2016 (Delhi) ... ... 23
2016 (Outside Delhi) ... ... 38
2017 (Delhi) ... ... 51
2017 (Outside Delhi) ... ... 68
2018 (Common for Delhi & Outside Delhi) ... ... 84
2018 Comptt. (Common for Delhi & Outside Delhi) ... ... 98
2019 (Series BVM/1) ... ... 111
2019 (Series BVM/4) ... ... 134
2020 (Series HMJ/4) ... ... 159
2020 (Series HMJ/5) ... ... 180
Term I (2021) ... ... 201
Term II (2022) ... ... 215
2023 (Series HFGIE/2) ... ... 225
2023 (Series HFGIE/5) ... ... 244
◆◆◆◆
(iii)

Syllabus
Latest Syllabus Issued by CBSE
2024
CHEMISTRY (Code 043)
Course Structure—Class XII
THEORY
Time : 3 hours Marks : 70
S. No. Title No. of Periods Marks
1 Solutions 10 7
2 Electrochemistry 12 9
3 Chemical Kinetics 10 7
4 d -and f -Block Elements 12 7
5 Coordination Compounds 12 7
6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 10 6
7 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 10 6
8 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 10 8
9 Amines 10 6
10 Biomolecules 12 7
Total 70
UNIT II: SOLUTIONS 10 Periods
Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of
gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult’s law, colligative properties—relative lowering of vapour
pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination
of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van’t Hoff factor.
UNIT III: ELECTROCHEMISTRY 12 Periods
Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application
to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance
in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with
concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-
electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion.
UNIT IV: CHEMICAL KINETICS 10 Periods
Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration,
temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant,
integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision
theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.
(iv)

UNIT VIII: d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS 12 Periods
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals,
general trends in properties of the first-row transition metals—metallic character, ionization
enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial
compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
Lanthanoids—Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid
contraction and its consequences.
Actinoids—Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.
UNIT IX: COORDINATION COMPOUNDS 12 Periods
Coordination compounds—Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic
properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding,
Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, the importance of coordination
compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological system).
UNIT X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 10 Periods
Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical
rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.
Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in
monosubstituted compounds only). Uses and environmental effects of—dichloromethane,
trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.
UNIT XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 10 Periods
Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary
alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of
dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.
Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature
of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.
Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.
UNIT XII: ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 10 Periods
Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation,
physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha
hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.
Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical
properties; uses.
UNIT XIII: AMINES 10 Periods
Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical
properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
UNIT XIV: BIOMOLECULES 12 Periods
Carbohydrates: Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose),
D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose,
glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.
Proteins: Elementary idea of—amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of
proteins —primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea
only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes.
Hormones: Elementary idea excluding structure.
Vitamins: Classification and functions.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.
◆◆◆◆
(v)

PRACTICALS
Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks
Volumetric Analysis 08
Salt Analysis 08
Content Based Experiment 06
Project work 04
Class record and viva 04
Total 30
PRACTICALS—SYLLABUS 60 Periods
Micro-chemical methods are available for several of practical experiments. Wherever possible,
such techniques should be used.
A. SURFACE CHEMISTRY
(a) Preparation of one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol
Lyophilic sol—starch, egg albumin and gum
Lyophobic sol—aluminium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenous sulphide.
(b) Dialysis of sol—prepared in (a) above.
(c) Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilizing the emulsion of different oils.
B. CHEMICAL KINETICS
(a) Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate
and Hydrochloric acid.
(b) Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:
(i) Reaction of Iodide ion with Hydrogen Peroxide at room temperature using different
concentrations of Iodide ions.
(ii) Reaction between Potassium Iodate (KIO3) and Sodium Sulphite (Na2SO3) using starch
solution as an indicator (clock reaction).
C. THERMOCHEMISTRY
Any one of the following experiments
(a) Enthalpy of dissolution of Copper Sulphate or Potassium Nitrate.
(b) Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCl) and strong base (NaOH).
(c) Determination of enthalpy change during interaction (Hydrogen bond formation) between
Acetone and Chloroform.
D. ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+ || Cu2+/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes
(CuSO4 or ZnSO4) at room temperature.
E. CHROMATOGRAPHY
(a) Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography and
determination of Rf values.
(b)
Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations only
(constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).
F. PREPARATION OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum. Preparation of
Potassium Ferric Oxalate.
G. PREPARATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
(vi)

Preparation of any one of the following compounds:
(i) Acetanilide (ii) Di-benzal Acetone
(iii) p-Nitroacetanilide (iv) Aniline yellow or 2-Naphthol Aniline dye.
H. TESTS FOR THE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS PRESENT IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS:
Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary) groups.
I. CHARACTERISTIC TESTS OF CARBOHYDRATES, FATS AND PROTEINS IN PURE
SAMPLES AND THEIR DETECTION IN GIVEN FOOD STUFFS.
J. DETERMINATION OF CONCENTRATION/ MOLARITY OF KMnO4 SOLUTION BY
TITRATING IT AGAINST A STANDARD SOLUTION OF:
(a) Oxalic acid,
(b) Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate
(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).
K. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.
Cation—Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Al3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+
Anions—[CO3]2–, S2–, [SO3]2–, [SO4]2–, [NO2]–, Cl–, Br–, I–, [PO4]3–, [C2O4]2–, CH3COO–, NO3_
(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)
◆◆◆◆
PROJECT
Scientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other
sources.
A few suggested Projects:
• Study of the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of ripening.
• Study the quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.
• Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with natural milk with respect to curd formation,
the effect of temperature, etc.
• Study of the effect of Potassium Bisulphate as a food preservative under various conditions
(temperature, concentration, time, etc.)
• Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and temperature on it.
• Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of following materials: wheat flour, gram flour,
potato juice, carrot juice, etc.
• Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carum), Illaichi (cardamom).
• Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric powder, chilli powder and
pepper.
Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can be chosen
with the approval of the teacher.
PRESCRIBED BOOKS:
1. Chemistry Part-I, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.
2. Chemistry Part-II, Class-XII, Published by NCERT.
◆◆◆◆
(vii)

CBSE QUESTION PAPER DESIGN
CHEMISTRY
CLASS XII (2024 Examination)
Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70
S. No Domains Marks Percentage %
1. Remembering and Understanding: 28 40
Exhibit memory of previously learned material by recalling
facts, terms, basic concepts and answers. Demonstrate
understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing,
translating, interpreting, giving descriptions and stating
main ideas.
2. Applying: 21 30
Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired
knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way.
3. Analyzing, Evaluating and Creating: 21 30
Examine and break information into parts by identifying
motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to
support generalizations. Present and defend opinions by
making judgments about information, the validity of ideas
or quality of work based on a set of criteria.
Compile information together in a different way by combining
elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions.
1. No chapter wise weightage. Care to be taken to cover all the chapters.
2. Suitable internal variations may be made for generating various templates. Choice(s):
• There will be no overall choice in the question paper.
• However, 33% internal choices will be given in all the sections.
◆◆◆◆
For more
Sample Question Papers
Kindly SCAN

(viii)

Series : CBSE SQP Code No. 043
Roll No.
• Please check that this question paper contains 7 printed pages.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be
written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
• Please check that this question paper contains 33 questions.
• Please write down the Serial Number of the question before attempting it.
CHEMISTRY—XII
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
Issued by CBSE for 2024 Examination
D a s
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 70
i v
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Sh
Read the following instructions carefully.
(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(b) Section A consists of 16 Multiple-Choice Questions carrying 1 mark each.
(c) Section B consists of 5 Short Answer Questions carrying 2 marks each.
(d) Section C consists of 7 Short Answer Questions carrying 3 marks each.
(e) Section D consists of 2 Case-Based Questions carrying 4 marks each.
(f) Section E consists of 3 Long Answer Questions carrying 5 marks each.
(g) All questions are compulsory.
(h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.
Section A
The following questions are Multiple-Choice Questions with one correct answer. Each question
carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
Q.1. Which of the following solutions will have the highest conductivity at 298 K? 1
(a) 0.01 M HCl solution (b) 0.1 M HCl solution
(c) 0.01 M CH3COOH solution (d) 0.1 M CH3COOH solution
O
Q.2. A + B dil.

NaOH
CH = CH—C 1
CHEMISTRY - CBSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER – 2024 ■ S-1

Identify A and B:
(a) A = 1-phenylethanal, B = Acetophenone
(b) A = Benzophenone, B = Eormaldehyde
(c) A = Benzaldehyde, B = Acetophenone
(d) A = Benzophenone, B = Acetophenone
Q.3. The vitamins which can be stored in our body are: 1
(a) Vitamin A, B, D and E (b) Vitamin A, C, D and K
(c) Vitamin A, B, C and D (d) Vitamin A, D, E and K
Q.4. What is IUPAC name of the ketone A, which undergoes iodo form reaction to give
CH3CH = C(CH3)COONa and yellow precipitate of CHI3?1
(a) 3-Methylpent-3-en-2one (b) 3-Methylbut-2-en-one
(c) 2, 3-Dimethylethanone (d) 3-Methylpent-4-one
Q.5. Which of the following is not correct? 1
(a) In haloarenes, the electron pairs on halogen atom are in conjugation with π-electrons of
the ring.
(b) The carbon-magnesium bond is covalent and non-polar in nature .
(c) During SN1 reaction, the carbocation formed in the slow step being sp2 hybridised is
planar.
(d) Out of CH2 = CH—Cl and C6H5CH2Cl, C6H5CH2Cl is more reactive towards SN1
s
reaction.
D a
Q.6. Match the properties with the elements of 3d series: 1
i v
(i) lowest enthalpy of atomisation (p) Sc
Sh
(ii) shows maximum number of oxidation states (q) Mn
(iii) transition metal that does not form coloured compounds (r) Zn
(s) Ti
(a) (i) (r), (ii) (q), (iii) (p) (b) (i) (r), (ii) (s), (iii) (p)
(c) (i) (p), (ii) (q), (iii) (r) (d) (i) (s), (ii) (r), (iii) (p)
Q.7. Which of the following statement is true? 1
(a) molecularity of reaction can be zero or a fraction.
(b) molecularity has no meaning for complex reactions.
(c) molecularity of a reaction is an experimental quantity.
(d) reactions with the molecularity three are very rare but are fast.
Q.8. In which of the following solvents, the C4H8NH+3 X– is soluble; 1
(a) ether (b) acetone
(c) water (d) bromine water
Q.9. Which of the following observation is shown by 2-phenyl ethanol with Lucas Reagent?1
(a) Turbidity will be observed within five minutes.
(b) No turbidity will be observed.
(c) Turbidity will be observed immediately.
(d) Turbidity will be observed at room temperature but will disappear after five minutes.
Q.10. If the initial concentration of substance A is 1.5 M and after 120 seconds the concentration
of substance A is 0.75 M, the rate constant for the reaction if it follows zero–order kinetics
is:1
(a) 0.00625 mol L–1s–1 (b) 0.00625 s–1
(c) 0.00578 mol L–1s–1 (d) 0.00578 s–1
S-2 ■ Shiv Das SENIOR SECONDARY SERIES (XII)

Q.11. Anisole undergoes bromination with bromine in ethanoic acid even in the absence of
iron (III) bromide catalyst 1
(a) Due to the activation of benzene ring by the methoxy group.
(b) Due to the de-activation of benzene ring by the methoxy group.
(c) Due to the increase in electron density at ortho and para positions.
(d) Due to the formation of stable carbocation. 19
Q.12. The trend of which property is represented by the 18
given graph? 1 17
Radius/nm
(a) ionization enthalpy 16
(b) atomic radii
15
(c) enthalpy of atomization
(d) melting point 14
13
For Visually Challenged Learners Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Q.12. Which of the following is not considered a transition element?
(a) Scandium (b) Silver (c) Vanadium (d) Zinc
Q.13. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R): 1
Assertion (A): Alcohols react both as nucleophiles and electrophiles.
s
Reason (R): The bond between C—O is broken when alcohols react as nucleophiles.
D a
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
v
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Sh i
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Assertion (A): Strong oxidising agents oxidise toluene and its derivatives to benzoic acids.
Reason (R): It is possible to stop the oxidation of toluene at the aldehyde stage with suitable
reagents.
Assertion (A): Enzymes are very specific for a particular reaction and for a particular
substrate.
Reason (R): Enzymes are biocatalysts.
Assertion (A): During electrolysis of aqueous copper sulphate solution using copper
electrodes hydrogen gas is released at the cathode.

Reason (R): The electrode potential of Cu2+/Cu is greater than that of H+/H2.
Section B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions are
very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
Q.17. (a) Radioactive decay follows first–order kinetics. The initial amount of two radioactive
elements X and Y is 1 gm each. What will be the ratio of X and Y after two days if their
half-lives are 12 hours and 16 hours respectively?
(b) The hypothetical reaction P + Q R is half order w.r.t. ‘P’ and zero order w.r.t.
‘Q’. What is the unit of rate constant for this reaction? 2
Q.18. A 5% solution of Na2SO4.10H2O (MW = 322) is isotonic with 2% solution of non-electrolytic,
non volatile substance X. Find out the molecular weight of X.2
Q.19. (a) Arrange the isomeric dichlorobenzene in the increasing order of their boiling point and
a s
melting points.2
D
(b) Explain why the electrophilic substitution reactions in haloarenes occur slowly and
i v
require more drastic conditions as compared to those in benzene.
Sh
Q.20. (a) Out of p-tolualdehyde and p-nitrobenzaldehyde, which one is more reactive towards
nucleophilic addition reactions, why?
(b) Write the structure of the product formed when acetone reacts with 2,4 DNP reagent. 2
Or
Convert the following:
(a) Benzene to m-nitrobenzaldehyde
(b) Bromobenzene to benzoic acid
Q.21. (a) DNA fingerprinting is used to determine paternity of an individual. Which property of
DNA helps in the procedure?2
(b) What structural change will occur when a native protein is subjected to change in pH?
Section C
short answer type and carry 3 marks each.
Q.22. (a) Write the formula for the following coordination compound
Bis(ethane-1, 2-diamine) dihydroxidochromium (III) chloride.3
(b) Does ionization isomer for the following compound exist? Justify your answer.
Hg[Co(SCN)4]
(c) Is the central metal atom in coordination complexes a Lewis acid or a Lewis base? Explain.
Q.23. (a) Can we construct an electrochemical cell with two half-cells composed of ZnSO4
solution and zinc electrodes? Explain your answer.3
(b) Calculate the λ0m for Cl– ion from the data given below:
Λ0m MgCl2 = 258.6 Scm2mol–1 and λ0m Mg2+ = 106 Scm2mol–1

(c) The cell constant of a conductivity cell is 0.146 cm–1. What is the conductivity of 0.01
M solution of an electrolyte at 298 K, if the resistance of the cell is 1000 ohm?
Q.24. Write the name of the reaction, structure and IUPAC name of the product formed
when:1
(b) phenol reacts with CHCl3 in the presence of NaOH followed by hydrolysis.
(b) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(CH3)ONa reacts with C2H5Br.
Q.25. You are given four organic compounds “A”, “B” , “C” and “D”. The compounds “A”, “B”
and “C” form an orange-red precipitate with 2, 4 DNP reagent. Compounds “A” and “B”
reduce Tollen’s reagent while compounds “C” and “D” do not. Both “B” and “C” give a
yellow precipitate when heated with iodine in the presence of NaOH. Compound “D”
gives brisk effervescence with sodium bicarbonate solution. Identify “A”, “B”, “C” and “D”
given the number of carbon atoms in three of these carbon compounds is three while one
has two carbon atoms. Give an explanation for your answer.3
Q.26. When sucrose is hydrolysed the optical rotation values are measured using a polarimeter
and are given in the following table: 3
S. No. Time (hours) Specific Rotation
1. 0 + 66.5º
2. ∞ -39.9º
s
(a) Account for the two specific rotation values.
a
(b) What is the specific name given to sucrose based on the above observation.
v D
(c) One of the products formed during the hydrolysis of sucrose is a glucose, that reacts
Sh i
with hydroxylamine to give compound A. Identify compound A.
Q.27. An organic compound A with the molecular formula (+) C4H9Br undergoes hydrolysis to
form () C4H9OH. Give the structure of A and write the mechanism of the reaction.3
Q.28. The rate constants of a reaction at 200 K and 500 K are 0.02 s–1 and 0.20 s–1 respectively.
Calculate the value of Ea. (Given 2.303R = 19.15 JK–1 mol–1)3
Section D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and carries
4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Q.29. Crystal field splitting by various ligands 4
Metal complexes show different colours due to d-d transitions. The complex absorbs light of
specific wavelength to promote the electron from t2g to eg level. The colour of the complex
is due to the transmitted light, which is complementary of the colour absorbed.
The wave number of light absorbed by different complexes of Cr ion are given below:
Complex Wave number of light absorbed (cm-1) Energy of light absorbed (kJ/mol)
[CrA6 ]3– 13640 163
[CrB6]3+ 17830 213
[CrC6]3+ 21680 259
[CrD6] 3– 26280 314
Answer the following questions:
(a) Out of the ligands “A”, “B”, “C” and “D”, which ligand causes maximum crystal
field splitting? Why?

Or
Which of the two, “A” or “D” will be a weak field ligand? Why?
(b) Which of the complexes will be violet in colour? [CrA6]3– or [CrB6]3+ and why?
(Given: If 560 – 570 nm of light is absorbed, the colour of the complex observed
is violet.)
(c) If the ligands attached to Cr3+ ion in the complexes given in the table above are
water, cyanide ion, chloride ion and ammonia (not in this order).
Identify the ligand, write the formula and IUPAC name of the following:
(i) [CrA6]3–
(ii) [CrC6]3+
Q.30. The lead–acid battery represents the oldest rechargeable battery technology. Lead acid
batteries can be found in a wide variety of applications including small-scale power storage
such as UPS systems, ignition power sources for automobiles, along with large, grid-scale
power systems. The spongy lead act as the anode and lead dioxide as the cathode. Aqueous
sulphuric acid is used as an electrolyte. The half-reactions during discharging of lead
storage cells are:
Anode: Pb(s) + SO42– (aq) PbSO4 (s) + 2e–
2–
Cathode: PbO (s) + 4H (aq) + SO4 (aq) + 2e–
+ PbSO (s) + 2H2O
There is no safe way of disposal and these batteries end - up in landfills. Lead and sulphuric
acid are extremely hazardous and pollute soil, water as well as air. Irrespective of the
a s
environmental challenges it poses, lead-acid batteries have remained an important source
D
of energy.
i v
Designing green and sustainable battery systems as alternatives to conventional means
Sh
remains relevant. Fuel cells are seen as the future source of energy. Hydrogen is considered
a green fuel. Problem with fuel cells at present is the storage of hydrogen. Currently,
ammonia and methanol are being used as a source of hydrogen for fuel cell. These are
obtained industrially, so add to the environmental issues.
If the problem of storage of hydrogen is overcome, is it still a “green fuel?” Despite being
the most abundant element in the Universe, hydrogen does not exist on its own so needs
to be extracted from the water using electrolysis or separated from carbon fossil fuels.
Both of these processes require a significant amount of energy which is currently more
than that gained from the hydrogen itself. In addition, this extraction typically requires the
use of fossil fuels. More research is being conducted in this field to solve these problems.
Despite the problem of no good means to extract Hydrogen, it is a uniquely abundant and
renewable source of energy, perfect for our future zero-carbon needs.
Answer the following questions: 4
(a) How many coulombs have been transferred from anode to cathode in order to
consume one mole of sulphuric acid during the discharging of lead storage cell?
(b) How much work can be extracted by using lead storage cell if each cell delivers
about 2.0 V of voltage? (1 F = 96500 C)
(c) Do you agree with the statement – “Hydrogen is a green fuel.” Give your comments
for and against this statement and justify your views
Or
(c) Imagine you are a member of an agency funding scientific research. Which of the
following projects will you fund and why?
(i) safe recycling of lead batteries
(ii) extraction of hydrogen

Section E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All questions have an internal choice.
Q.31. Attempt any five of the following: 5
(a) Which of the following ions will have a magnetic moment value of 1.73 BM.
Sc3+, Ti3+, Ti2+, Cu2+, Zn2+
(b) In order to protect iron from corrosion, which one will you prefer as a sacrificial
electrode, Ni or Zn? Why?
(Given standard electrode potentials of Ni, Fe and Zn are –0.25 V, –0.44 V and –0.76
V respectively.)
(c) The second ionization enthalpies of chromium and manganese are 1592 and 1509 kJ/
mol respectively. Explain the lower value of Mn.
(d) Give two similarities in the properties of Sc and Zn.
(e) What is actinoid contraction? What causes actinoid contraction?
(f) What is the oxidation state of chromium in chromate ion and dichromate ion?
(g) Write the ionic equation for reaction of KI with acidified KMnO4.
Q.32. (a) What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of glucose in water?5
(b) Ibrahim collected a 10 mL each of fresh water and ocean water. He observed that one
sample labelled “P” froze at 0 °C while the other “Q” at -1.3 °C. Ibrahim forgot which
s
of the two, “P” or “Q” was ocean water. Help him identify which container contains
D a
ocean water, giving rationalization for your answer.
v
(c) Calculate Van’t Hoff factor for an aqueous solution of K3[Fe(CN)6] if the degree of
Sh i
dissociation () is 0.852. What will be boiling point of this solution if its concentration
is 1 molal? (Kb = 0.52 K kg/mol)
Or
(a) What type of deviation from Roult’s Law is expected when phenol and aniline are
mixed with each other? What change in the net volume of the mixture is expected?
Graphically represent the deviation.
(b) The vapour pressure of pure water at a certain temperature is 23.80 mm Hg. If 1 mole
of a non–volatile non–electrolytic solute is dissolved in 100 g water. Calculate the
resultant vapour pressure of the solution.
Q.33. An organic compound with molecular formula C7H7NO2 exists in three isomeric forms,
the isomer ‘A’ has the highest melting point of the three. ‘A’ on reduction gives compound
‘B’ with molecular formula C7H9N. ‘B’ on treatment with NaNO2/HCl at 0–5 °C to form
compound ‘C’. On treating C with H3PO2, it gets converted to D with formula C7H8,
which on further reaction with CrO2Cl2 followed by hydrolysis forms ‘E’ C7H6O. Write the
structure of compounds A to E . Write the chemical equations involved.5
(a) Account for the following:
(i) N-ethylbenzenesulphonyl amide is soluble in alkali.
(ii) Reduction of nitrobenzene using Fe and HCl is preferred over Sn and HCl.
(b) Arrange the following in:
(i) decreasing order of pKb values
C6H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, C6H5CH2NH2, CH3NH2, NH3
(ii) increasing order of solubility in water
C2H5Cl, C2H5NH2, C2H5OH
(iii) decreasing boiling point
CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3NH2, CH3OCH3
________________

Section A
1. (b) 0.1 M HCl solution,
As conductivity is higher for strong electrolyte and conductivity decreases with
dilution.
2. (c) A = Benzaldehyde, B = Acetophenone. This is an example of Cross Aldol condensation.
CHO + H3COC dil. NaOH

CH = CH—C
—
—
O
Benzaldehyde (A) Acetophenone (B) 1, 3-Diphenylprop-2-en-1-one
3. (d) Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat soluble vitamins which are absorbed along with fats in
the diet and are stored in the body’s fatty tissue and in the liver.
4. (a) CH3—C—C = CH—CH3 + I2 + NaOH CH3—CH = C—C—ONa + CHI3
—
—
—
—
—
—
O CH3 CH3 O
s
3-Methylpent-3-en-2-one Sodium (2-methylbut-2-en-i-oate Iodoform)
a
(Yellow ppt.)
D
δ– δ+
—
i v
5. (b) The C-Mg bond in Grignard reagent R–MgX is ionic and polar in nature.
Sh
6. (a) Zinc has no unpaired electrons in 3d or 4s orbitals, so enthalpy of atomization is low
Mn = 3d54s2 shows +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 and +7 oxidation state, maximum number in 3d
series.
7. (b) Because complex reactions completed in multiple steps and it is almost impossible for
all the total molecules of the reactants to be in a state of encounter simultaneously.
8. (c) Water (Polar dissolves polar.)
9. (b) No turbidity will be observed as given compound is a primary alcohol.
10. (a) For zero order
[A 0 ] − [A ]
Reaction, K =
t
1.5 − 0.75 0.75
= = = 0.00625 mol–1 s–1
120 120
11. (a) Due to the activation of benzene ring by the methoxy group.
12. (b) As atomic radii decreases along the period with increase in atomic number due to
increase in effective nuclear charge.
For Visually Challenged Learners
12. (a) Zinc is not considered as a transition element as it does not has any unpaired d-electron
in its ground state or ionic state.
13. (c) Alcohol acts as nucleophile when O—H bond is broken.
— —
— —
—
C+— R—+O —C— R—O—C— + H+

Nucleophile

Alcohol acts as electrophiles when bond between C—O is broken.
+
R—CH2— O —H + H+ R—CH2— O H2
+
R—CH2— O H2 + Br– R—CH2—Br + H2 O
Electrophile
14. (b) Strong oxidising agents like acidic KMnO4, acidic K2Cr2O7, dil. HNO3, alk.KMnO4 etc.
oxidise toluene to benzoic acid.
Alk. KMnO 4 dil. HCl
C6H5—CH3
C6H5COO–K+ C6H5COOH
Toluene Benzoic acid
Similarly, oxidation of toluene can be stopped at the aldehyde stage by using chromyl
chloride in CS2
CH3 CHO
OCrCl2OH
CH
CS 2 OCrCl2OH H 3O+
+ 2CrO Cl
2 2
Toluene Brown Chromium Complex Benzaldehyde

15. (b) Because according to the demand of the reaction every reaction is specific to a particular
type of enzyme and no other enzyme can act on that reaction.
a s
Enzymes are biocatalysts that can increase the rate of reaction by several orders of
D
magnitude.
i v
16. (d) During electrolysis of aq. CuSO4 solution using Cu electrodes, Cu will get deposited at
Sh
cathode and Cu will get dissolved at anode.
Electrode potential of Cu2+/Cu is greater than that of H+/H2 because Cu is placed
above hydrogen in electrochemical series. So, Cu is having more reduction potential
than H2 and hence, Cu2+ is reduced more easily than H+.
Section B
17. (a) For first order reaction.
Half life of X = 12 hours Half life of Y = 16 hours.
2 days = 48 hours or 4 half lives 2 days = 48 hours or 3 half lives
1 1
Amount of X left = of initial value Amount left = of initial value
16 8
1 8
 Ratio of X : Y =
× =1:2
16 1
(b) mol1/2L–1/2s–1 as Rate = k [P]1/2
18. π1 = π2
3 5 2

⇒ iC1RT = C2RT ⇒ = 42.9
322 M
2 × 322

⇒ M=  M = 42.9 g
3× 5
19. (a) m-dicholrobenzene < o-dicholrobenzene < p-dicholrobenze
symmetrical structure and close packing in para isomer
ortho has a stronger dipole dipole interaction as compared to meta.
(b) The halogen atom because of its –I effect has some tendency to withdraw electrons
from the benzene ring. As a result, the ring gets somewhat deactivated as compared to
CHEMISTRY - CBSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2024 ■ S-9

benzene and hence the electrophilic substitution reactions in haloarenes occur slowly
and require more drastic conditions as compared to those in benzene.
20. (a) p-nitrobenzaldehyde is more reactive towards the nucleophilic addition reaction than
p-tolualdehyde as Nitro group is electron withdrawing in nature. Presence of nitro
group decrease electron density, hence facilitates the attack of nucleophile. Presence
of –CH3 leads to +I effect as – CH3 is electron releasing group.
NO2 NO2
H+
(b) CH COCH + NHNH2  → NH = C(CH3)2
3 3
Acetone
O2N O 2N
2, 4 DNP DNP derivative (Yellow ppt.)
Or
CHO CHO
CO,HCl conc. HNO3

(a) AlCl
conc.

/CuCl
3 H SO
2 4
NO2
Br MgBr COOH
D a s
Mg (i ) O = C = O

(b) dry

(ii ) HOH
v
ether
Sh i
21. (a) Replication. A sequence of bases on DNA is unique for a person and is the genetic material
transferred to the individual from the parent which helps in the determination of paternity.
(b) During denaturation secondary and tertiary structures are destroyed but the primary
structure remains intact.
Section C
22. (a) [Cr(en)2(OH)2]Cl or [Cr(H2NCH2CH2NH2)2(OH)2]Cl
(b) No, ionization isomers are possible by exchange of ligand with counter ion only and
not by exchange of central metal ion.
(c) The central atom is electron pair acceptor, so it is a Lewis acid.
23. (a) Yes, if the concentration of ZnSO4 in the two half cell is different , the electrode potential
will be different making the cell possible.
(b) Λ0m (MgCl2) = λ0m (Mg2+) + 2λ0m (Cl–)
258.6 = 106 + 2λ0m (Cl–)
 λ0m ( Cl–) = 76.3 Scm2mol–1
(c) cell constant G* = k × R
G* 0.146
⇒K=

R
=
1000
= 1.46 × 10–4 Scm–1
24. (a) Reimer Tiemann Reaction.
OH OH
CHO
NaOH
+ CHCl3

Phenol 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde

(b) Williamson Synthesis
C2H5—O—CH—CH—CH2—CH3
NaBr
C2H5Br + CH3CH2CH—CH—ONa
—
—
—
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
Bromoethane Sodium-3-methyl-2-pentoxide 2-ethoxy-3-methylpentane
25. A, B and C contain carbonyl group as they give positive 2, 4 DNP test.
A and B are aldehydes as aldehydes reduce Tollen’s reagent.
C is a ketone, as it contains carbonyl group but does not give positive Tollen’s test.
C is a methyl ketone as it gives positive iodoform test.
B is an aldehyde that gives positive iodoform test.
D is a carboxylic acid.
Since the number of carbons in the compounds A, B, C and D is three or two.
B is CH3CHO as this is only aldehyde which gives a positive iodoform test.
The remaining compounds A, C and D have three carbons—
A is CH3CH2CHO, C is CH3COCH3 and D is CH3CH2COOH.
26. (a) The reactant Sucrose is dextrorotatory. On hydrolysis it give glucose dextrorotatory
and fructose which is laevoroatatory. The specific rotation of fructose is higher than
glucose.
Sucrose is dextrorotatory but after hydrolysis gives dextrorotatory glucose and
laevorotatory fructose. Since the laevorotation of fructose (–92.4°) is more than
a s
dextrorotation of glucose (+52.5°), the mixture is laevorotatory.
D
(b) Invert sugar, the hydrolysis of sucrose brings about a change in the sign of rotation,
i v
from dextro (+) to laevo (–) and the product is named as invert sugar.
Sh
(c) C12H22O11 Invertase
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Sucrose Glucose (A) Fructose
HC = O HC = NOH
—
(CHOH)4 + H2NOH (CHOH)4

Hydroxyl
—
CH2OH Amine CH2OH

Glucose Glucose Oxime
27. Structure C2H5—CH—CH3
—
Br
Mechanism
H H
Slow step + + Br
H3C C C2H5
C
H3C C2H5
Br
H H
H
Fast
+ + OH
H3C C OH + HO CH
C
H3C C2H5
C2H5

k2 Ea 1 1
28. Using log = 2.303R T T
k
1 1 2
0.20 Ea 1 1 Ea 300
⇒ log = 2.303R 200 500 ⇒ log10 =
0.02 19.15 200 500
19.15 × 200 × 500
Ea =  Ea = 6383 J/mol
300
Section D
29. (a) Ligand ‘D’ as energy is directly proportional to the wave number. Therefor, maximum
energy of light is required for an electron to jump from t2g to eg in case of [CrD6]3–
Or
(a) Ligand ‘A’ as splitting caused is least in this case. Therefore, energy required for
electron to jump from t2g to eg., is minimum.
(b) [CrB6]3+, wavelength of light absorbed is 1/17830 = 560 nm for the complex while
1/13640 = 733 nm for [CrA6]3– complex.
 [CrB6]3– complex will be violet in colour.
(c) (i) Ligand [CrCl6]3– , IUPAC Name. Hexachloridochromate (III) ion.
s
(ii) Ligand [Cr(NH3)6]3+, IUPAC Name. Hexaamminechromium (III) ion
a
Formula; A = Cl–, B = H2O, C = NH3, D = CN–
v D
30. (a) 2 mol e–(or 2F) have been transferred from anode to cathode to consume 2 mol of
Sh i
H2SO4 therefore, one mole H2SO4 requires.
One faraday of electricity or 96500 coulombs.
(b) Wmax = –nFE°
= – 2 × 96500 × 2.0 = 386000 J
of work can be extracted by using lead storage cell when the cell is in use.
(c) Yes, it is true to say that Hydrogen is a green fuel. Hydrogen is a fuel that on combustion
gives water as a by-product. There are no carbon emissions and no pollution caused.
However, at present the means to obtain hydrogen are electrolysis of water which use
electricity obtained from fossil fuels and increase carbon emissions.
Inspite of the problems faced today in the extraction of hydrogen, we cannot disagree
on the fact that hydrogen is a clean source of energy. Further research can help in
finding solutions and green ways like using solar energy for extraction of hydrogen.
Hydrogen is no doubt a green fuel, but the process of extraction is not green as of
today. At present, looking at the process of extraction, is can be say that hydrogen is
not a green fuel.
Or
(c) (i) Lead batteries are currently the most important and widely used batteries. These
are rechargeable. The problem is waste management which needs research and
awareness. Currently, these are being thrown into landfills and there is no safe
method of disposal or recycling. Research into safer method of disposal will
reduce the pollution and health hazards caused to a great extent.
(ii) Fuel cell is a clean source of energy. Hydrogen undergoes combustion to produce
water. The need of the hour is green fuel and hydrogen is a clean fuel. The current
problem is obtaining hydrogen. Research that goes into this area will help solve
the problem of pollution and will be a sustainable solution.

Section E
31. (a) •Sc3+ = [Ar] 3d° 4s° (no unpaired electrons)
•Ti3+ = [Ar] 3d1 4s° (1 unpaired electron)
µ = n(n + 2 )
= 1(1 2 ) 3 = 1.73 BM
•Ti2+ = [Ar] 3d2 4s° (2 unpaired electrons)
µ= n(n + 2 )
= 2( 2 + 2 ) = 2 2 BM
= BM
•Cu = [Ar] 3d1 (1 unpaired electron)
2+
 µ = 1.73 BM
•Zn2+ = [Ar] 3d10 4s° (No unpaired electrons).
So, both Ti3+ and Cu2+ have 1 unpaired electron, so the magnetic moment for both will
be 1.73 BM.
(b) Zn, it has a more negative electrode potential so will corrode itself in place of iron.
(c) Mn+ = [Ar] 3d5 4s’ IInd I.E = 1509 KJ/mol
+
Cr = [Ar] 3d 4s° 5 IInd I.E. = 1592 KJ/mol
a s
The second ionisation enthalpy of Mn is higher than Cr due to stable half filled
D
configuration of Cr while Mn attains that stable half filled configuration after loss of
i v
2nd electron.
Sh
(d) Sc and Zn both form colourless compound and are diamagnetic.
(e) Actinoid contraction in the gradual decrease in the ionic radii with increase in atomic
number of actinoids.
Due to poor shielding of 5f orbitals the effective nuclear charge increases and causes
contraction in size.
(f) Chromate ion CrO42– = (x + 4 × (–2) = –2)  x = +6
Dichromate ion Cr2O72– = (2x + 7 × (–2) = –2)  x = +6
So, in both Chromate and Dichromate ion the oxidation state of Cr is +6.
(g) 10I– + 2MnO4– + 16H+ 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5I2
32. (a) Addition of glucose to water is an endothermic reaction. According to Le Chat tlier’s
principle, on increase in temperature, solubility will increase.
(b) Q is ocean water, due to the presence of salts it freezes at lower temperature (depression
in freezing point)
(c) K3 [Fe(CN)6] gives 4 ions in aqueous solution
i = 1 + (n−1)a
i = 1 + (4−1) × 0.852
i = 3.556
ΔTb = iKb m = 3.556 × 0.52 × 1 = 1.85
 Tb = 101.85 °C
Or
(a) Negative Deviation is expected when phenol and aniline are mixed with each other.
The net volume of the mixture will decrease, ΔV < 0 due to stronger intermolecular
interactions.

Graphical Representation.
PBº
PAº

(b) Relative lowering of vapour pressure = (P° – P)
P° = X2
n2
= P − P =
n1 + n2
P
23.8 − P 0.1
= =
23.8 100 / 18 + 0.1
= 23.8 – P = 0.0176 × 23.8 ⇒ 23.8 – 0.421 = P
 = 23.37 mm Hg
a s
33. (a) Compound “A” is p-methylnitrobenzene Compound ‘B” is p-methylbenzenamine.
D
Compound C is p-methylbenzenediazoiumchloride Compound D – Toluene.
i v
Compound E – Benzaldehyde.
Sh
The chemical reactions involved are
O
—
—
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 C—H
Sn /HCl NaNO /HCl CrO Cl

2
0 C 5 C
3

H PO
2 2 2

H 3O
NO2 NH2 N2Cl

A B C D E
(i) The hydrogen attached to N-Ethylbenzene sulphonamide is acidic in nature. This
is due to the presence of strong electron withdrawing sulphonyl group. Hence, it
is soluble in alkali.
(ii) Fe/HCl gives FeCl2 on reaction and it gets hydrolyzed by steam vapours to
produce more hydrochloric and hydrogen to push the reaction forward and
thus, making reaction self–sustaining to produce more aniline from nitrobenzene
whereas SnCl2 gives Sn(OH)Cl and 1 mole of HCl which is insufficient to carry
the reaction.
160° C, CH OH
Fe + 2HCl 2
FeCl2 + H2
H 3O+
3FeCl2 + 4H2O (steam)
Fe3O4 + 6HCl + H2
(b) (i) C6H5NH2 > C6H5NHCH3 > NH3 > C6H5CH2NH2 > CH3NH2
(ii) C2H5Cl < C2H5 NH2 < C2H5OH
(iii) CH3COOH > C2H5OH > CH3NH2 > CH3OCH3
________________

Series : SQP/1 Code : 043
Roll No.

• Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be
written on the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
CHEMISTRY-XII
Sample Question Paper 01
a s
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70
iv D
Sh
Read the following instructions carefully.
(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(b) Section A consists of 16 Multiple-Choice Questions carrying 1 mark each.
(c) Section B consists of 5 Short Answer Questions carrying 2 marks each.
(d) Section C consists of 7 Short Answer Questions carrying 3 marks each.
(e) Section D consists of 2 Case-Based Questions carrying 4 marks each.
(f) Section E consists of 3 Long Answer Questions carrying 5 marks each.
(g) All questions are compulsory.
(h) Use of log tables and calculators are not allowed.
Section-A
The following questions are Multiple-Choice Questions with one correct answer. Each question
carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
Q.1. The correct order of boiling point of primary (1º), secondary (2º) and tertiary (3º)
alcohols is 1
(a) 1º > 2º > 3º (b) 3º > 2º > 1º (c) 2º > 1º > 3º (d) 2º > 3º > 1º
D
Q.2. Identify A, B, C and D: 1
(a) A = C2H4, B = C2H5OH, C = C2H5NC, D = C2H5CN KCN
(b) A = C2H5OH, B = C2H4, C = C2H5CN, D = C2H5NC C
AgCN
C2H2Cl
alc KOH
A
(c) A = C2H4, B = C2H5OH, C = C2H5CN, D = C2H5NC
Aq KOH
(d) A = C2H5OH, B = C2H4, C = C2H5NC, D = C2H5CN
Chemistry – Sample Question Paper 01  S-15

Q.3. Which of the following is the reason for Zinc not exhibiting variable oxidation state: 1
(a) inert pair effect (b) completely filled 3d subshell
(c) completely filled 4s subshell (d) common ion effect
Q.4. For the reaction N2 + 3H2  → 2NH3 1
−∆ [NH3 ] −∆ [H 2 ]
if = 2 × 10–4 mol L–1s–1, the value of would be:
∆t ∆t
(a) 1 × 10–4 mol L–1s–1 (b) 3 × 10–4 mol L–1s–1
(c) 4 × 10–4 mol L–1s–1 (d) 6 × 10–4 mol L–1s–1
Q.5. In the first order reaction, half of the reaction is completed in 100 s. The time for 99%
of the reaction to occur will be: 1
(a) 646.6 s (b) 664.64 s (c) 654.5 s (d) 660.9 s
Q.6. Propanamide on reaction with bromine in aqueous NaOH gives: 1
(a) Propanamine (b) Ethanamine
(c) N-Methyl ethanamine (d) Propanenitrile
–
Q.7. Ambidentate ligands like NO2 and SCN– are: 1
(a) unidentate (b) didentate (c) polydentate (d) has variable denticity
Pyridine
Q.8. The given reaction is known as C2H5OH + SOCl2  → C2H5Cl + SO2 + HCl 1
(a) Williamson’s reaction (b) Hofmann’s synthesis
a s
(c) Mendis reaction (d) Darzen’s reaction
iv D
Q.9. IUPAC name of product formed by reaction of methyl amine with two moles of ethyl
chloride 1
Sh
(a) N,N-Dimethylanamine (b) N,N-Diethylmethanamine
(c) N-Methyl ethanamine (d) N-Ethyle-N-methylethanamine
Q.10. Correct order of decreasing reactivity of nucleophillic addition in case of HCHO,
CH3CHO and CH3COCH3 is: 1
(a) CH3 COH3 > CH3CHO > HCHO (b) HCHO > CH3CHO > CH3COCH3
(c) CH3COCH3 > HCHO > CH3CHO (d) CH3CHO > HCHO > CH3COCH3
Q.11. For a chemical reaction R→P, variation in ln[R] vs time (t) plot is given below: 1
Predict the order of reaction.
(a) Zero order reaction ln[R0]
(b) First order reaction ln[R]
(c) Second order reaction
(d) Pseudo first order reaction.
t
FOR VISUALLY CHALLENGED LEARNERS
The half life of the first order reaction having rate constant K = 1.7 × 10–5s–1 is: 1
(a) 12.1 hrs (b) 9.7 hrs (c) 11.3 hrs (d) 1.8 hrs
Q.12. The formula of the coordination compound Tetraammineaquachloridocobalt
(III) chloride is 1
(a) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2 (b) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl3
(c) [Co(NH ) (H O)Cl]Cl (d) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl
3 2 2 2
In the following questions (Q. No. 13-16) a statement of assertion followed by a statement of
reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
S-16  Shiv Das SENIOR SECONDARY SERIES (XII)

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Q.13. Assertion (A): Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold waters rather than in warm
waters. 1
Reason (R): Different gases have different KH values at the same temperature.
Q.14. Assertion (A): The two strands of DNA are complementary to each other. 1
Reason (R): The hydrogen bonds are formed between specific pairs of bases.
Q.15. Assertion (A): Methoxy ethane reacts with HI to give ethanol and iodomethane. 1
Reason (R): Reaction of ether with HI follows SN2 mechanism.
Q.16. Assertion (A): Ammonolysis of alkyl halides does not give the corresponding amine in
pure state. 1
Reason (R): Ammonolysis of alkyl halides yields mainly secondary amines.
Section-B
Very Short Answer Type and carry 2 marks each.
s
Q.17. With the help of resonating structures explain the effect of presence of nitro group at
a
ortho position in chlorobenzene. 2
iv D
Or
Sh
Carry out the following conversions in not more than 2 steps: 2
(i) Aniline to chorobenzene (ii) 2-bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
Q.18. (i) Using crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration of iron ion in Fe(H2O)6]2+
complex ion. Also predict its magnetic behaviour.
(ii) Write the IUPAC name of the coordination complex: [COCl2(en)2]NO3 2
Q.19. A zinc rod is dipped in 0.1 M solution of ZnSO4. The salt is 95% dissociated at this dilution at
298 K. Calculate the electrode potential. [ E0Zn2 + /Zn = – 0.76 V]. 2
Q.20. The following results have been obtained during the kinetic studies of the reaction:
P + 2Q → R + 2S. 2
Exp. Initial P(mol/L) Initial Q (mol/L) Init. Rate of Formation of R (M min–1)
1 0.10 0.10 3.0 × 10–4
2 0.30 0.30 9.0 × 10–4
3 0.10 0.30 3.0 × 10–4
4 0.20 0.40 6.0 × 10–4
Determine the rate law expression for the reaction.
Q.21. How will you bring about Ethanol to 3-hydroxybutanal conversion?2
Section-C
Short Answer Type and carry 3 marks each.
Q.22. 100 mg of a protein is dissolved in just enough water to make 10.0 mL of solution. If

this solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25°C, what is the molar mass of
the protein? 3
(R = 0.0821 L atm mol–1 K–1 and 760 mm Hg = 1 atm.)
Q.23. Arrange the following in increasing order of property specified: 3
(i) Aniline, ethanamine, 2-ethylethanamine (solubility in water)
(ii) Ethanoic acid, ethanamine, ethanol (boiling point)
(iii) Methanamine, N, N-dimethylmethanamine and N-methylmethanamine
(Basic strength in aqueous phase)
Q.24. If N2 gas is bubbled through water at 293K, how many millimoles of N2 gas would dissolve
in 1 litre of water? Assume that N2 exerts a partial pressure of 0.987 bar. Given that Henry’s
law constant for N2 at 293K is 76.48 K bar. 3
Q.25. Give the formula of each of the following coordination entities : 3
(i) Co3+ ion is bound to one Cl–, one NH3 molecule and two bidentate ethylene diamine
(en) molecules.
(ii) Ni2+ ion is bound to two water molecules and two oxalate ions.
Write the name and magnetic behaviour of each of the above coordination entities.
(At. nos. Co = 27, Ni = 28)
Q.26. How would you differentiate between SN1 and SN2 mechanisms of substitution reactions?
Give one example of each. 3
a s
Or
iv D
Answer the following questions : 3
(i) What is meant by chirality of a compound? Give an example.
Sh
(ii) Which one of the following compounds is more easily hydrolyzed by KOH and why?
CH3 — CH — CH2 — CH3 or CH3CH2CH2Cl
|
Cl
(iii) Which one undergoes SN2 substitution reaction faster and why?
I Cl
or
Q.27. Amino acids may be acidic, alkaline or neutral. How does this happen? What are essential
and non-essential amino acids? Name one of each type. 3
Q.28. Giving an example for each reaction and describe the following reactions : 3
(i) Hofmann’s bromamide reaction (ii) Gatterman reaction (iii) A coupling reaction
Section-D
The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and carries
4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow
Q.29. Pentose and hexose undergo intramolecular hemiacetal or
hemiketal formation due to combination of the –OH group
with the carbonyl group. The actual structure is either of five or
six membered ring containing an oxygen atom. In the free state O O
all pentoses and hexoses exist in pyranose form (resembling Pyran Furan
pyran). However, in the combined state some of them exist as
five membered cyclic structures, called furanose (resembing furan).

The cyclic structure of glucose is represented by Haworth structure:
6 6
CH2OH CH2OH
5 5
H O H H O H
H H
4 1 a 4 1 b
OH H OH H
HO OH HO H
3 2 3 2
H OH H OH
a-D-(+)-Glucopyranose b-D-(+)-Glucopyranose
a and b-D-glucose have different configuration at anomeric (C-1) carbon atom, hence are
called anomers and the C-1 carbon atom is called anomeric carbon (glycosidic carbon).
The six membered cyclic structure of glucose is called pyranose structure.
(a) What is meant by Anomers of glucose? 1
(b) In the following structure, where is the position of anomeric carbon? 1
HOH2C
s
O
a
4 OH
iv D
OH OH
2 1
Sh
3 OH
(c) What percentage of b–D–(+) - glucopyranose is found at equilibrium in the aqueous

solution?2
Or
(c) What type of structure is depicted in the following carbohydrate. 2
H OH
HO O
H
H
HO OH
H OH H
Q.30. An efficient, aerobic catalytic system for the transformation of alcohols into carbonyl
compounds under mild conditions, copper-based catalyst has been discovered. This
copper-based catalytic system utilizes oxygen or air as the ultimate, stoichiometric oxidant,
producing water as the only by-product.
5% CuCl; 5% Phen;
R1 2 equiv, K2CO3 R1
R2 OH O
5% DBADH2; O2
H 1 R2 2
Toluene; 70º to 90º C
A wide range of primary, secondary, allylic, and benzylic alcohols can be smoothly oxi-
dized to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones in good to excellent yields. Air can be
conveniently used instead of oxygen without affecting the efficiency of the process. How-
ever, the use of air requires slightly longer reaction times.
This process is not only economically viable and applicable to large-scale reactions, but it
is also environmentally friendly.

(Reference. Ohkuma, T., Ooka, H., Ikariya, T., & Noyori, R. (1995). Preferential hydrogenation of
aldehydes and ketones. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 117(41), 10417-10418.)
(a) What is the use of copper based catalyst in the above study? 1
(b) Which carbonyl compound is formed when ethanol gets oxidised using this copper-
based catalyst which is also obtained by ozonolysis of But-2-ene.? 1
(c) Benzyl alcohol on treatment with this copper-based catalyst gives a compound
‘A’ which on reaction with KOH gives compounds ‘B’ and ‘C’. Compound ‘B’ on
oxidation with KMnO4—KOH gives compound ‘C’. Identify compounds A, B & C. 2
Or
(c) An organic compound ‘X’ with molecular formula C3H8O on reaction with this
copper based catalyst gives compound ‘Y’ which reduces Tollen’s reagent. ‘X’ on
reaction with sodium metal gives ‘Z’ . What is the product of reaction of ‘Z’ with
2-chloro-2-methylpropane?2
Section-E
The following questions are Long Answer Type and carry 5 marks each. All questions have an
internal choice.
Q.31. (i) State Kohlrausch law.
(ii) Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K,
s
Al(s)/Al3+ (0.15M)//Cu2+(0.025M) /Cu(s)
iv D a
(Given Eº(Al3+/Al) = –1.66 V, Eº(Cu2+/Cu) = 0.34V, log 0.15 = –0.8239, log 0.025 = – 1.6020)
5
Sh
Or
(i) On the basis of Eº values identify which amongst the following is the strongest
oxidising agent.
Cl2(g) + 2e–  2Cl–; Eº = + 1.36 V,
MnO4– + 8H + 5e– 
+  Mn2+ + 4H2O; Eº = + 1.51 V
Cr2O72– + 14H+ + 6e–   2Cr3+ + 7H2O; E0 = + 1.33 V
(ii) The given figure, represents variation
of (Λm) vs c for an electrolyte. Here
(Λm) is the molar conductivity and c is
(Λm/(S cm2 mol–1
the concentration of the electrolyte.

(a) Define molar conductivity.
(b) Identify the nature of electrolyte on
the basis of the above plot. Justify
your answer.
(c) Determine the value of Λmo for the
electrolyte.
(d) Show how to calculate the value of
A for the electrolyte using the given e1/2/(mol/L)1/2
graph. 5
Q.32. An organic compound ‘A’ C8H6 on treatment with dilute H2SO4 containing mercuric
sulphate gives compound ‘B’. This compound ‘B’ can also be obtained from a reaction
of benzene with acetyl chloride in presence of anhy AlCl3. ‘B’ on treatment with I2 in aq.

KOH gives ‘C’ and a yellow compound ‘D’. Identify A, B, C and D. Give the chemical
reactions involved. 5
Or
(i) Write the reaction for cross aldol condensation of acetone and ethanal.
(ii) How will you carry out the following conversions:
(a) Benzyl alcohol to phenyl ethanoic acid
(b) Propanone to propene
(c) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
Q.33. (a) Observed and calculated values for

the standard electrode potentials of
elements from Ti to Zn in the first
reactivity series are depicted in figure 1.
Explain the following observations:
(i) The general trend towards less
negative Eº values across the series.
(ii) The unique behaviour of Copper.
(iii) More negative Eº values of Mn and
Zn.
a s
iv D
Figure 1 (Source NCERT)
(b) Give reasons for the following:
Sh
(i) It is difficult to obtain oxidation state greater than two for Copper.
(ii) Cr2O2-
is strong oxidising agent in acidic medium whereas WO3 MoO3 are not.
7
5
Or
(a) Differentiate between fibrous proteins and globular proteins. What is meant by the
denaturation of a protein?
(b) Giving a suitable example for each, explain the following :
(i) Crystal field splitting
(ii) Linkage isomerism
(iii) Ambidentate ligand 5
____________

Sample Question Paper–01
Section-A
1. (a) 1º > 2º > 3º
2. (a) A = C2H4, B = C2H5OH, C = C2H5NC, D = C2H5CN
3. (b) completely filled 3d subshell
4. (b) Given: D[NH3 ] = 2 × 10–4 mol L–1s–1
Dt
1 D[NH3 ]
 = 1 × 10–4 mol L–1s–1
2 Dt
1 D[NH3 ] 1 ∆[H2 ]
∵ =– ∴ [H2 ] = 3 × 10–4 mol L–1s–1
2 Dt 3 Dt t
0.693 0.693 –1
5. (b) K = 1/2 = s
s
t 100
iv D a
2.303 a
\ t(99.9%) = K log a − x
Sh
2.303 × 100 s  100
⇒ t(99.9%) =   × log = 664.64 s ...where [a = 100, x = 99
0.693 1
6. (b) Ethanamine 7. (a) unidentate
8. (d) Darzen’s reaction 9. (d) N-Ethyle-N-methylethanamine
10. (b) HCHO > CH3CHO > CH3COCH3
11. (a) Zero order reaction
FOR VISUALLY CHALLENGED LEARNERS
ln 0.693
(c) t1 = K2 = = 40764 sec or 11.3 hrs
2 1.7 × 10−5
12. (a) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2
13. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
14. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
16. (c) A is true but R is false.
Because mixture of amines is formed.
Section-B
17. Nitro group is an electron with drawing group so it withdraws electrons from the benzene
ring when it is present on ortho position of chlorobenzene and thus facilitates the attack
of the nucleaphile and increases the reactivity of chlorobenze towards nucleophilic
substitution reaction.

–
–
O O
Cl O O OH
Cl O Cl OH Cl N O
N Slow step N N O –
– OH + O
–
O OH O
Cl OH
N O N
O + Cl
Fast step
Or
(i) Aniline to chorobenzene:
NH2 N2Cl Cl
NaNO2/HCl,
273–278K Cu2Cl2/HCl
Diazotisation Sandmeyer
reaction
Aniline Benzene diazonicium Chlorobenzene
chloride

(ii) 2-bromopropane to 1-bromopropane:
s
CH3CH(Br)CH3 alc. KOH CH3CH = CH2 HBr
a
CH3CH2CH2Br
iv D
2-bromopropane Propene Organic Peroxide 1-bromopropane
(Anti-Markobnikov

Sh
addition)
18. (i) [Fe(H2O)6]2+
Fe2+ = [Ar] 3d6 4sº 4pº

Hybridisation – sp3d2
Magnetic behaviour. It is paramagnetic due to the pressure of four unpaired electrons.
(ii) [CoCl2(en)2]NO3
IUPAC Name: Dichloridobis (ethane –1, 2 - diamine) cobalt (III) nitrate.
19. The electode reaction is given as
Zn2+ + 2e → Zn
Using Nernest Equation
0.0591 1
E = E0 − log
Zn 2 + /Zn Zn 2 + /Zn 2 [Zn 2 + ]
95
[Zn2+] = × 0.1 = 0.095
100
1
EZn 2 + /Zn = – 0.76 – 0.0295 log
0.095
= – 0.76 – 0.0295 [log 1000 – log 95]
= – 0.76 – 0.0295 [3 – 1.9777]
= – 0.76 – 0.03016 = – 0.79 volt

20. Let the rate law expression be = k[P]x[Q]y
From the table we know that,
Rate 1 = 3.0 × 10–4 = k(0.10)x (0.10)y
Rate 2 = 9.0 × 10–4 = k(0.30)x (0.30)y
Rate 3 = 3.0 × 10–4 = k(0.10)x (0.30)y
y y
Rate 1 3.0 × 10 −4 k(0.10 )x (0.10 )y  1  1
= = ⇒ 1 =   or 1 =    y=0
Rate 3 3.0 × 10 −4 k(0.10 )x (0.30 )y 3 3
Rate 2 9.0 × 10 − 4 k(0.30 )x (0.30 )y
Now, = =
Rate 3 3.0 × 10 −4 k(0.10 )x (0.30 )y
⇒ 3 = (3)x or 3 = (3)x  x=1

0
 Rate = k[P][Q] or k[P]
21. Ethanol to 3-hydroxybutanal :
OH
|
OH−
CH3CH2OH  Cu/573 K
or PCC/CH Cl
→ CH3CHO → CH3—CH—CH2CHO
(Aldol condensation)
2 2
Ethanol Ethanal 3-Hydroxybutanal
Section-C
a s
22. Given :
iv D
w = 100 mg = 0.100 = 0.1 g; V = 10.0 mL = 0.01 L
Sh
13.3
π = 13.3 mm Hg = atm,
760
T = 25°C = 25 + 273 = 298 K
R = 0.0821 L atm mol–1 K–1, M=?
wRT
Using formula : M =

πV
0.1 × 0.0821 × 298 × 760
M =
13.3 × 0.01
1859.4008
M= = 13980.4
0.133
∴ Molar mass, M = 13980.4 g mol–1

23. (i) Aniline < 2-ethylethanamine < ethanamine
(ii) Ethanamine < Ethanol < Ethanoic acid
(iii) N, N-dimethylmethanamine < Methanamine < N-methylmethanamine.
24. p = KHχ (Henry’s law)
p 0.987 bar 1000
χ = K = 76.480 bar = 1.29 × 10–5 and
ηH2O = = 55.5
H 18
η(N ) η(N )
2
= 2 η
χ(N2) = η η(N 2 ) + 55.5  N 2 <<< 55.5
(N 2 ) + η(H 2 O)
∴ It is neglected in denominator

η(N 2 )
1.29 × 10–5 = 55.5

η(N ) = 1.29 × 10–5 × 55.5 = 7.16 × 10–4 mol
2
∴ In millimoles 7.16 × 10–4 × 1000 = 0.716 m mol
25. (i) [Co (en)2 (NH3)Cl]2+ :
amminechloridobis = (ethane-1, 2-diamine) cobalt (III), “diamagnetic”.
(ii) [Ni(C2O4)2 (H2O)2]–2 : diaquadioxalato-nickelate (II), “paramagnetic”.
26.
SN1 SN2
(Substitution Nucleophilic Unimolecular) (Substitution Nucleophilic
Biomolecular)
1. It takes place in 2 steps. 1. It takes place in single step.
2. It follows first order Kinetics. 2. It follows second order Kinetics.
3. The rate of reaction depends upon the con- 3. The rate of reaction depends upon the
centration of 3° alkyl halide only and is in- concentration of both the reactants
dependent of the concentration of OH– ion. Rate = K [RX] [OH–]
Rate = K [3° Alkyl halide]
4. The Nu– attacks from front side. 4. The Nu– attacks from back side.
5. The reaction occurs through a stable 3° 5. The reaction occurs through an
s
carbocation. unstable transition state.
iv D a
6. There is no Walden inversion. 6. The inversion of configuration occurs
which is known as Walden inversion.
Sh
Example: Example:
Reaction of 3°-Butyl bromide with aq KOH H3
H |
Step 1:
HO– + C — Cl → HO— C— Cl
CH3
CH3 HH
| H H
|
CH3— C— Br  slow
  + Transition state

R.D.S
 C + Br–
|
CH CH3 CH3
3
tert. Butyl chloride t-butyl carbocation
Step 2: H
CH3 CH3 H Cl–
HO—C +
| | H
+ Methanol
C + OH– fast
 → CH3— C— OH
CH3 CH3 Nucleophile |
CH3
tert. Butyl alocohol
Or
(i) Chirality : The objects which are non-superimposable on their mirror image are said
to be chiral and this property is known as chirality for Butan-2-ol

H3C H5C2
CH3
C — OH OH — C C — OH
C2H5 H CH3
H C2H5 H
A B C
C is non-superimposable on its mirror image A.
(ii) CH3 — CH — CH2 — CH3 is more easily hydrolysed by KOH as it forms II° carbocation
|
Cl
where CH3CH2CH2Cl will form I° carbocation. II° carbocation is more stable than I°.
(iii) As I is a better leaving group because of its large size, it will be released at a faster
rate in the presence of incoming nucleophile.
I
Therefore will undergo SN2 substitution reaction faster.
27. Amino acids can be broadly classified into three classes i.e. acidic, alkaline and neutral
amino acids depending on the number of —NH2 group and—COOH group.
Acidic amino acids: Those α-amino acids such as aspartic acid, asparagine and glutamic
acid which contain two –COOH groups and one –NH2 group are called acidic amino
acids.
a s
Alkaline or Basic amino acids : Those a-amino acids such as lysine, arginine and histidine
iv D
which contain two –NH2 groups and one –COOH group, are called basic amino acids.
Neutral amino acids : Those a-amino acids such as glycine, alanine, valine etc. which
Sh
contain one –NH2 and one – COOH group, are called neutral amino acids.
Essential amino acids : Amino acids which the body cannot synthesize are called essential
amino acids.
Example: Valine, leucine etc. Therefore they must be supplied in diet.
Non-essential amino acids : Amino acids which the body can synthesize are called non-
essential amino acids. Therefore, they may or may not be present in diet.
Example: Glycine, alanine etc.
28. (i) Hofmann’s bromamide reaction: When amide is treated with bromide in alkaline
solution, an amide yields an amine containing one carbon less than the starting amide.
O
||
R—C—NH2 + Br2 + 4KOH  → RNH2 + K2CO3 + 2KBr + 2H2O
Amide Amine
Example :
O
||
CH3—CH2—C—NH2 + Br2 + 4KOH 
→ CH3CH2NH2 + K2CO3 + 2KBr + 2H2O
Propanamide Ethyl amine
(ii) Gattermann reaction: When benzene or its derivative is treated with carbon monoxide
and hydrogen chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride or cuprous
chloride, it gives benzaldehyde or substituted benzaldehyde.
CO, HCl

→
Anhy. AlCl 3 /CuCl
Benzene Benzaldehyde

Gattermann Koch reaction : Diazonium salt reacts with hydrogen halide in presence
of copper powder giving haloarene.
N2Cl Cl

Copper
+ HCl  → + N2 + HCl
Chlorobenzene
(iii) A coupling reaction : Arene diazonium salts react with highly reactive aromatic
compounds such as phenols and amines to form brightly coloured azo compounds.
Ar – N = N – Ar. This reaction is known as coupling reaction.
+ OH
-
—
N—N
— —Cl + H OH —
N—N OH + HCl

(orange dye)
+— OH
-
N—N—Cl + H NH2 —
N—N NH2 + HCl

(yellow dye)
Section-D
29. (a) The term Anomers of glucose refers to isomers of glucose that differ in configuration
a s
at carbon one (C –1).
iv D
(b) C-1 is anomeric carbon as the configuration of a–D(+)–glucose and b–D(+)–glucose
differ only at C1.
Sh
(c) Oridinary glucose is a-glucose, with a fresh aqueous solution having specific rotation,
[a]D = +111º. On keeping the solution for some time, a-glucose slowly changes into an
equilibrium mixture of a-glucose (36%) and b-glucose (64%) and the specific rotation
of mixture is +52.5º.
Or
(c) The given structure is an example of pyranose and aldohexose. Here, the carbohy-
drate’s structure is of the b-pyranose form.
30. (a) The copper based catalyst can be used to convert propan-2-ol to propanone.
(b) CH CH OH + [O] Cu
CH CHO
3 2 573 k 3
Ozonolysis O
CH3 HC CH — CH3 + O3 Zn/H2O
CH3 —HC CH — CH3
But-2-ene
O O
(c) CHO –
CH2OH COO K+ CH2OH
Cu +KOH
573 k +
Benzyl alcohol Benzaldehyde Potassium salt of Benzyl alcohol

benzoic acid
O4
(A) (C) KM n (B)
KOH

Or
(c) CH3CH2CH2OH
Cu
CH3CH2CHO Cu
[O] C3H8O Y
X Y X
Propanol Propanal
Na
Na
Cl
CH3CH2CH2ONa Z
+ H3C — C — CH3
Z
Sodium propoxide CH3
2-chloro-2-methylpropane
CH3 — C CH2
CH3
2-methylpropene
Section-E
(i) Kohlraush law. According to this law the limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte
31.
can be represented as the sum of the individual contributions of the anion and cation
of an electrolyte.
(ii) Given. Eº(Al3+/Al) = –1.66V; 2Al + 3Cu2+ and 2Al3+ + 3Cu ∴ n = 6
Eº(Cu2+/Cu) = 0.34V; log 0.15 = –0.8239, log 0.025 = –1.6020
s
Using Nernst equation,
a
E Cell = Eºcathode – Eºanode
iv D
= 0.34 – (–1.66) = 2.00 V
Sh
[ oxi ]
EºCell = EºCell – 0.059 log
n [ Red.]
0.059 [Al 3+ ]2 [0.15]2
= 2.00 – log = 2.00 – 0.059 log
6 [Cu 2+ ]3 6 [0.025]3
= 2.00 – 0.059 (2 log 0.15 – 3 log 0.025)
6
= 2.00 – 0.059 [2 × (– 0.8239) – 3 × (–1.6020)] = 2.00 – 0.059 (–1.6478 + 4.806)
6 6
= 2.00 – 0.059 × 3.1582 = 2 – 0.0311 = 1.9689 V
6
Or
(i) More positive is the Eº values, stronger is the oxidising agent so MnO–4 is a stronger
oxidising agent among Cl2 and Cr2O2– 7 .
(Λm/(S cm2 mol–1
(ii) (a) Molar conductivity of a solution at a

given concentration is the conductance
of the volume V of solution containing
one mole of electrolyte kept between
two electrodes with area of cross
section A and distance of unit length.
e1/2/(mol/L)1/2

(b) Strong electrolyte, For strong electrolytes, Λm increases slowly with dilution.
(c) Λm = Λm° – AC ½
\ Λm° = 150 S cm2 mol–1
(d) A = – slope
= –(149 – 147.8/0.010 – 0.022)
= 100 S cm2 mol–1/(mol/L–1)½
32. An organic compound ‘A’ with molecular formula C8H6 is phenylacetylene.
C CH COCH3
HgSO , H SO
4 2 4 CH COCl
3
Mercuration
 Demercuration
→ ←
Acetylation

Phenylacetylene Acetophenone Benzene

(A) (B)
Haloform I2 + KOH(aq.)
reaction
COOK
a s
iv D
+ CHI3
Sh
Potassium benzoate Iodoform
(C) (D)

Or
(i) Cross aldol condensation
CH3COCH3 + CH3CHO
Acetone Ethanal
dil-NaOH
CH3
CH3 — C — CH2CHO + CH3 COCH2—CH — CH3
OH OH
3-Hydroxy-3-methylbutanal 4-Hydroxypentan-2-one
D, Heat D
CH3
CH3 — C — CHCHO + CH3COCH = CHCH3

3-methylbut-2-enal Pent-3-en-2-one

(ii) (a) Benzyl alcohol to phenyl ethanoic acid
CH2OH CH2Cl CH2CN CH2COOH
SOCl2 KCN H+/H2O
Benzyl alcohol Benzyl chloride Benzyl nitrile Phenyl Ethanoic acid

(b) Propanone to propene
H2, Pd H2SO4
CH3COCH3 CH 3 — CH — CH3 CH3CH = CH2
Acetone Propene
OH
Propan-2-ol

(c) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
COCH3 COCH3
CH3COCl/anhy. AlCl3 HNO3,H2SO4

Acetylation Nitration NO2
Benzene Acetophenone m-nitroacetophenone
33. (a) (i) The less negative Eº values across the series is due to the increase in the sum of first
and second ionisation energy.
a s
(ii) Copper shows unique behaviour because the energy required to convert Cu to
iv D
Cu2+ is not balanced by its hydration enthalpy.
(iii) More negative Eº values of Mn and Zn is due to the stability of half filled d sub
Sh
shell in Mn2+ and completely filled d10 configuration in Zn2+.
(b) (i) Because of high third ionisation energy it is unable to loose third e–.

(ii) Because oxidation state of Cr in Cr2O3 is +3 and of CrO is +2. When oxidation
number of a metal increases, ionic character decreases so CrO is basic while Cr2O3
is amphoteric.
Or

(a)
Globular Proteins Fibrous Proteins
1. Globular proteins have almost 1. Polypeptide chains of fibrous proteins
spheroidal shape due to folding of the consist of thread like molecules which
polypeptide chain. tend to lie side by side to form fibres.
2. Globular proteins are soluble in water. 2. Fibrous proteins are insoluble in

water.
3. They possess biological activity that’s 3. They do not have any biological activ-
why they act as enzymes. ity but serve as chief structural mate-
rial of animal tissues.
Example : Maltase, invertase etc., 5. Example : Keratin in skin, hair, nails
hormones (insulin) antibodies, transport and wool, collagen in tendons, fibroin
agents (haemoglobin), etc. in silk etc.

Denaturation of protein : Due to coagulation of globular protein under the influence of
change in temperature, change in pH etc., the native shape of the protein is destroyed
and biological activity is lost and the formed protein is called denaturated proteins and
the phenomenon is denaturation.

(b) (i) Crystal field splitting : It is the splitting of the degenerate energy levels due to the
presence of ligands. When ligand approaches a transition metal ion, the degenerate
d-orbitals split into two sets, one with lower energy and the other with higher
energy. This is known as crystal field splitting and the difference between the
lower energy set and higher energy set is known as crystal field splitting energy
(CFSE).
eg orbitals
∆0
Degenerate d-orbitals t2g orbitals

Splitting of d-orbitals in an octahedral complex
Example: 3d5 of Mn2+
a s
(ii) Linkage isomerism: When more than one atom in an ambidentate ligand is linked
iv D
with central metal ion to form two types of complexes, then the formed isomers
are called linkage isomers and the phenomenon is called linkage isomerism.
Sh
Example: [Cr(H2O)5(SCN)]2+ and [Cr(H2O)5(NCS)]2+
Pentaaquathiocyanate Pentaaquaisothiocyanate
chromium (III) ion chromium (III) ion
(ii) Ambidentate ligand: The monodentate ligands with more than one coordinating
atoms is known as ambidentate ligand. Monodentate ligands have only one atom
capable of binding to a central metal atom or ion. For example, the nitrate ion
–
NO2 can bind to the central metal atom/ion at either the nitrogen atom or one of
the oxygen atoms.
Example: — SCN thiocyanate, — NCS isothiocyanate
____________

Code : 043 Roll No.
• Code number given on the left hand side of the question paper should be written on
the title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
CHEMISTRY (Theory)
2015 (DELHI)*
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Questions number 1 to 5 are Very Short Answer Questions and carry 1 mark each.
s
(iii) Questions number 6 to 10 are Short Answer Questions and carry 2 marks each.
a
(iv) Questions number 11 to 22 are also Short Answer Questions and carry 3 marks each.
iv D
(v) Question number 23 carries 4 marks.
Sh
(vi) Questions number 24 to 26 are Long Answer Questions and carry 5 marks each.
(vii) Use log tables if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.
* Modified as per Latest CBSE Curriculum.
Q.1. Draw the structure of the following : 1
Cis-dichloro tetracyanochromate(III)
Q.2. Write the IUPAC name of the given compound. 1
NO2 OH
NO2
Q.3. Which would undergo SN2 reaction faster in the following pair and why? 1
CH3
|
CH3—CH2—Br and CH3—C—CH3
|
Br
Q.4. G as (A) is more soluble in water than Gas (B) at the same temperature. Which one of the
two gases will have the higher value of KH (Henry’s constant) and why? 1
Q.5. For a reaction A + B —————→ P, the rate law is given by, r =k[A] [B] .
1/2 2
What is the order of this reaction? 1

Q.6. What are the transition elements? Write two characteristics of the transition elements. 2
Q.7. (i) Write down the IUPAC name of the following complex :
[Cr(NH3)2Cl2(en)]Cl (en = ethylenediamine)
(ii) Write the formula for the following complex :
Pentaamminenitrito-o-Cobalt (III) 2
CHEMISTRY (THEORY) – 2015 (DELHI)  1

Q.8. Name the reagents used in the following reactions : 2
?
(i) CH3—CO—CH3 CH3—CH—CH3
|
OH
?
(ii) C6H5—CH2—CH3
C6H5—COO—K+
Q.9. What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law? Give an example. What is the sign
of ∆mixH for positive deviation? 2
Or
Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s
law? Give an example. 2
Q.10. (a)
Following reactions occur at cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous silver
chloride solution :
Ag+(aq) + e– —————→ Ag(s) E0 = +0.80 V
1
H+(aq) + e– —————→ H2(g) E0 = 0.00 V
2
On the basis of their standard reduction electrode potential (E0) values, which reaction
is feasible at the cathode and why?
(b) Define limiting molar conductivity. Why conductivity of an electrolyte solution
decreases with the decrease in concentration? 2
a s
Q.11. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point
D
of 1.62 K. Calculate the Van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or
i v
dissociated).
Sh
(Given : Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol–1, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol–1) 3
Q.12. (a) What is a ligand? Give an example of a bidentate ligand.
(b) Explain as to how the two complex of nickel, [Ni(CN)4]2- and Ni(CO)4 have different
structures but do not differ in their magnetic behavior. (Ni =28) 3
Q.13. For the reaction:
2NO(g) + Cl2(g) → 2NOCl(g)
the following data are collected. All the measurement were taken at 263 K :
Experiment Initial Initial Initial rate of
No. [NO](M) [Cl2](M) disappearance of Cl2 (M/min)
1 0.15 0.15 0.60
2 0.15 0.30 1.20
3 0.30 0.15 2.40
4 0.25 0.25 ?
(a) Write the expression for rate law.
(b) Calculate the value of rate constant and specify its units.
(c) What is the initial rate of disappearance of Cl2 in exp. 4? 3
Q.14. (a) How would you account for the following :
(i) Actinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid contraction.
(ii) Transition metals form coloured compounds.
(b) Complete the following equation :
2MnO4— + 6H+ + 5NO2——————→ 3
2  Shiv Das SENIOR SECONDARY SERIES (XII)

Q.15. (i) Draw the geometrical isomers of complex [Pt(NH3)2Cl2].
(ii) On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration for d4 ion if
∆0 < P.
(iii) Write the hybridization and magnetic behaviour of the complex [Ni(CO)4].
(At. no. of Ni = 28) 3
Q.16. Calculate emf of the following cell at 25°C : 3
Fe | Fe2+ (0.001 M) || H+(0.01 M) | H2(g) (1 bar) | Pt(s)
E0 (Fe2+ | Fe) = – 0.44 V E0(H+|H2) = 0.00V
Q.17. What mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass = 62.0 g mol–1) must be added to 5.50 kg of water
to lower the freezing point of water form 0º C to – 10.0º C? (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol –1)?3
Q.18. What are the different types of RNA found in cells of organisms? State the function of each
type. 3
Q.19. Predict the products of the following reactions : 3
( i )H 2 N NH 2
(i) CH3—C = O
( ii )KOH / Glycol ,
?
|
CH3
NaOH / I 2
(ii) C6H5—CO—CH3 ?+?
s
NaOH / CaO

(iii) CH3COONa ?
a

iv D
Q.20. How do you convert the following : 3
(i) Phenol to anisole (ii) Propan-2-ol to 2-methylpropan-2-ol
Sh
(iii) Aniline to phenol
Or
(a) Write the mechanism of the following reaction :
H
2CH3CH2OH CH3CH2–O–CH2CH3
(b) Write the equation involved in the acetylation of Salicylic acid.
Q.21. (i) Which one is a disaccharide:
Starch, Maltose, Fructose, Glucose?
(ii) What is the difference between fibrous protein and globular protein?
(iii) Write the name of vitamin whose deficiency causes bones deformities in children. 3
Q.22. Give reasons :
(a) n-Butyl bromide has higher boiling point than t-butyl bromide.
(b) Racemic mixture is optically inactive.
(c) The presence of nitro group (–NO2) at o/p positions increases the reactivity of
haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions. 3
Q.23. (a) Why water soluble vitamins must be supplied regularly in the diet?
(b) Give one example of it.
(c) Differentiate between the Essential and Non-essential amino acids. 4
Q.24. (a) Give reasons for the following :
(i) Actinoids exhibit greater number of oxidation states as compared to lanthanoids
in general.
(ii) Though a transition element, Scandium (Z = 21) does not exhibit variable oxidation
states.

(b) (i) Describe how potassium dichormate is perpared from sodium chromate.
(ii) The colour of potassium dichormate solution changes with the change of pH of
the solution. Explain how.
Or
(a) On what ground can you say that Scandium (Z = 21) is a transition element but Zinc
(Z = 30) is not?
(b) Use Hund’s rule to derive the electronic configuration of Ce3+ ion, and calculate its
magnetic moment by using ‘spin only’ formula. [Z for Ce = 58].
(c) What is lanthanoid contraction and what is its consequence? 5
Q.25. An aromatic compound ‘A’ of molecular formula C7H7ON undergoes a series of reactions
as shown below. Write the structures of A, B, C, D and E in the following reactions : 5
BR KOH NaNO HCl CH CH OH
(C7 H7 ON )A
2
C 6H 5NH 2
2
B
3 2
C
273K
CHCl3 + NaOH KI
D E
Or
(a) Write the structures of main products when aniline reacts with the following
s
reagents :
D a
(i) Br2 water (ii) HCl (iii) (CH3CO)2O/pyridine
i v
(b) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their boiling point :
Sh
C2H5NH2, C2H5OH, (CH3)3N
(c) Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds :
(CH3)2NH and (CH3)3N
Q.26. For the hydrolysis of methyl acetate in aqueous solution, the following results were
obtained :
t/s 0 30 60
[CH3COOCH3]/mol L–1 0.60 0.30 0.15
(i) Show that it follows pseudo first order reaction, as the concentration of water remains
constant.
(ii) Calculate the average rate of reaction between the time interval 30 to 60 seconds.
(Given log 2 = 0.3010, log 4 = 0.6021) 5
Or
(a) For a reaction A + B —————→ P, the rate is given by
Rate = k[A] [B]2
(i) How is the rate of reaction affected if the concentration of B is doubled?
(ii) What is the overall order of reaction if A is present in large excess?
(b) A first order reaction takes 30 minutes for 50% completion. Calculate the time required
for 90% completion of this reaction.
(log 2 = 0.3010)

1. Cl
2015 (Delhi)
CN Cl
Cr
CN CN
CN
Cis-dichloro tetracyanochromate
2. 2, 5-dinitrophenol.
3. CH3CH2Br reacts faster because it is a primary halide (1° halide).
4. Gas (B) will have higher value of KH (Henry’s contant) than Gas (A) at the same temperature
because lesser the solubility of a gas in a given solvent, higher will be the value of KH for a
gas.
Partrial pressure of gas
s
KH =
a
Mole fraction of gas in the solution
iv D

5. According to the formula : r = k[A]1/2[B]2
Sh
Order
1
w.r.t A =
, Order w.r.t B = 2
2
1 2 5
∴ Overall order =
2 1 2
6. Elements which have partially filled d-orbital in its ground states or any one of its oxidation
states are called transition elements.
(i) They show variable oxidation states.
(ii) They form coloured ions.
(iii) They form complex compounds.
7. (i) [Cr(NH3)2Cl2(en)]Cl
IUPAC name : Diammine dichlorido ethylenediamine chromium (III) chloride.
(ii) [CO(NH3)5NO2]2+
8. (i) LiAlH4 (Lithium Aluminium Hydride)
(ii) KMnO4 (Alkaline)
9. In positive deviations, the partial vapour pressure of each component A and B of a solution
and the total pressure of the solution is higher than the vapour pressure calculated from
Raoult’s law.
For example, Water and Ethanol.
In case of positive deviations, ∆mixH > 0 (Positive)
Or
Azeotropes : Liquid mixture which distills without change in compositions is called
azeotropic mixture.
In positive deviations from Raoult’s law, minimum boiling point azeotropic mixture is
formed. For example, 95% ethanol + 5% water.

10. (a) At the cathode Ag+ (aq) + e– Ag(s) reaction is feasible, because Ag+ ion has
higher reduction potential i.e., higher E0 value.
(b) Limiting molar conductivity is the molar conductivity of solution at infinite dilution.
Conductivity of an electrolyte solution decreases on dilution because number of ions
per unit volume decreases.
11. ∆Tf = iKf × m
wb × 1000
∆Tf = iKf ×
mb × wa
3.9g 1000
1.62 K = i × 4.9 K kg mol–1 × 122 g mol −1 × 49 kg
1.62 × 122 × 49
i =
4.9 × 3.9 × 1000
9684.36
i = = 0.506
19110
As i < 1, therefore solute gets associated.
12. (a) Ligand : The ions or molecules bound to the central atom ion in the coordination entity
are called ligands.
Example : Ethylene diame NH2CH2CH2−NH2.
(b) [Ni(CN)4]2−
Orbitals of Ni2+ ion

D a s
v





Sh i
3d 4s 4p
×× ×× ×× ××





dsp2 hybridized orbitals of Ni2+
dsp2 hybrid 4p
Four pairs of electrons
from 4CN− groups
Shape : Square planar complex and diamagnetic.
[Ni(CO)4]
Orbitals of Ni






3d 4s 4p
sp3 hybridised orbitals of Ni ×× ×× ×× ××






sp3 hybrid
Four paris of electron
from 4CO groups
Shape : Tetrahedral complex and diamagnetic

13. (a) Rate law = K[NO]2 [Cl2]
(b) 0.60 M min−1 = K[0.15]2 [0.15] M3
∴ K = 177.7 M−2 min−1
(c) Initial rate of disappearance of Cl2 in exp. 4
Formula : Rate = K[NO]2 [Cl2]
∴ Initial rate = 177.7 M−2 min−1 × (0.25)2 × (0.25) M = 2.8 M min−1

14. (a) (i) Actinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid because 5f electrons (in actinoids)
have a poorer shielding effect than 4f electrons (in lanthanoids).
(ii) Transition metals form coloured compounds because they have unpaired
electrons in the d-orbital.
(b) 2MnO4– + 6H+ + 5NO2– —————→ 2Mn+2 + 5NO3– + 3H2O
15. (i) Cl H3N H3N Cl
Pt and Pt
Cl NH3 Cl NH3
cis-isomer trans-isomers
(ii) Electronic configuration for d4 ion if ∆0 < P : t2g3 eg1 (high spin complex is formed)
(iii) Ni(CO)4 has sp3 hydbridization. It is diamagnetic in nature.
16. Fe | Fe2+ (0.001 M) || H+(0.01 M) | H2(g) (1 bar) | Pt(s)
E0cell Ec0 E0a
= [0 − (− 0.44)] V = 0.44 V
0.0591 [Fe +2 ]
Ecell = E0cell − log
2 [H + ]2
s
0.0591 0.001 0.0591
a

⇒ Ecell = 0.44 V − log 0.44 V log 10
iv D
2 0.01 0.01 2
0.0591
Sh
= 0.44 V − = (0.44 − 0.0295) Volts = 0.4105 Volts
2
17. According to the formula :
1000 K f w2
M 2 ...where [M2 = 62, w1 = 5.50, Kf = 1.86
w1 Tf
substituting the value in the formula, we get
1000 1.86 w2
62
1000 5.50 10
62 5.50 10 1000 3410

or w2 = 1833 gm = 1.833 kg
1.86 1000 1.86
∴ Mass of ethlene glycol, w2 = 1.833 kg

18. Different type of RNA found in the cell are :
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) : carries the message of DNA for specific protein synthesis.
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) : provides the site for protein synthesis.
3. Transfer RNA (t-RNA) : transfers amino acids to the site of protein synthesis.
( i ) H 2 N NH 2
19. (i) CH3—C = O
( ii ) KOH / Glycol ,
CH —CH —CH
3 2 3
| Propane
CH3
2-propane
NaOH / I 2
(ii) C6H5—CO—CH3 C6H5COONa + CHI3 + NaI + H2O
Acetophenone Sodium benzoate Iodoform

NaOH / CaO
(iii) CH3COONa

CH4 + Na2CO3
Anisole
CH 3 X
20. (i) C6H5OH + NaOH —————→ C6H5ONa C6H5OCH3 + NaX
OH O CH3
(i) CH3 Mg Br
(ii) CH3 CH CH3 CrO 3
CH3 C CH3 (ii) H2O
CH3 C OH
CH3
NaNO HCl H O warm
(iii) C6H5NH2
273 K
C6H5N2Cl
2
C6H5OH 2
Or
H
(a) (i) CH3 CH2 O H + H+ CH3 CH2
+
O H
+
H +
(ii) CH3 CH2 O H + CH3 CH2 O H CH3 CH2 O CH2 CH3 + H2O
H
(iii) CH3 CH2 O CH2 CH3

+ +
CH3 CH2 O CH2 CH3 + H
a s
H
D
(b) COOH COOH
Sh i v
OH OCOCH3

+ (CH3CO)2 O ————→ + CH3COOH
o-phenol benzoic acid Aspirin (2-acetoxy benzoic acid)
21. (i) Maltose is a disaccharide.

(ii) Globular Proteins Fibrous Proteins
1. Globular proteins have almost 1. Polypeptide chains of fibrous proteins
spheroidal shape due to folding of consist of thread like molecules which
the polypeptide chain. tend to lie side by side to form fibres.
2. Globular proteins are soluble in 2. Fibrous proteins are insoluble in water.
water.
3. Globular proteins are sensitive 3. Fibrous proteins are stable to moderate
to small changes of temperature changes of temperature and pH.
and pH. Therefore they undergo
denaturation on heating or on
treatment with acids/bases.
4. They possess biological activity that’s 4. They do not have any biological
why they act as enzymes. activity but serve as chief structural
material of animal tissues.
Example : Maltase, invertase etc., Example : Keratin in skin, hair, nails and
hormones (insulin) antibodies, transport wool, collagen in tendons, fibroin in silk
agents (haemoglobin), etc. etc.
(iii) Vitamin D

22. (a) n-Butyl bromide has higher boiling point than t-butyl bromide because it has larger
surface area hence have more Van der Waals’ forces.
(b) Rotation due to one enantiomer is cancelled by another enantiomer.
(c) The presence of nitro group (– NO2) at ortho and para positions withdraws the electron
density from benzene ring and thus facilitating the attack of nucleophile.
23. (a) Water soluble vitamins must be supplied regularly in the diet because they are
regularly excereted in urine and cannot be stored in our body.
(b) For example, Vitamins C, Vitamins B, etc.
(c) Essential amino acids : Amino acids which the body cannot synthesize are called
essential amino acids.
Example : Valine, leucine etc. Therefore they must be supplied in diet.
Non-essential amino acids : Amino acids which the body can synthesize are called
non-essential amino acids. Therefore, they may or may not be present in diet.
Example : Glycine, alanine etc.
24. (a) (i) Because of very small energy gap between 5f, 6d and 7s subshells all their electrons
can take part in bonding and show variable oxidation states.
(ii) Scandium has 3d4s2 configuration which is showing that it has only one unpaired
electorn in its d-subshell and the oxidation state depends upon the number of
unpaired electron i.e. more unpaired electrons, more oxidation states. Therefore
s
scandium has only one oxidation state i.e. +3.
iv D a
(b) (i) Preparation of potassium dichromate from sodium chromate : The sodium
chromate is treated with conc. H2SO4 and converted into sodium dichromate in
Sh
the following way :
2Na2CrO4 + H2SO4 —————→ Na2Cr2O7 + Na2SO4 + H2O
Sod. chromate (Conc.) Sod. dichromate
The solution of sod. dichromate is treated with KCI to get Potassium dichromate
N2Cr2O7 + 2KCl —————→ K2Cr2O7 + 2NaCl
Potassium dichromate
(ii) In aqueous solution :
Cr2O72– + H2O 2CrO42– + 2H+
hen we decrease pH i.e. < 4 (acidic medium), the equilibrium will shift backward
W
and Cr2O72– exists and the colour is orange when we increase pH > 7 (basic
medium) the equilibrium shifts towards right where CrO42– exists and colour is
yellow.
Or
(a) Scandium has incompletely filled 3d orbitals in the ground state (3d’). Hence, it is
considered as a transition element while zinc has completely filled d-orbitals (3d10) in
the ground state as well as in the oxidized state (Zn2+). Hence, it is not regarded as a
transition element.
(b) Atomic number of cesium = 58
58CeG.S. = [Xe]54 4f1 5d1 6s2, Ce3+ = [Xe]54 4f1 5d0 6s0
Form the above configuration, it is clear that cesium has only one unpaired electron,
i.e. n = 1
By using spin formula
n(n 2 )
where [n = no. of unpaired element]
1(1 2 ) 3 1.73 BM

(c) The steady decrease in the ionic radius La3+ to Lu3+ is termed as lanthanoid contration.
Consequences :
(i) Similar physical chemical properties among lanthanoids.
(ii) Zr and Hf exist together.
25.
Analine B + C
Br2 + KOH NaNO2/HCl CH3CH2OH
(C 7 H7 ON ) C 6 H 5CONH 2 C 6 H 5NH 2 C 6H 5N 2 Cl C6 H 6
273K
A Benzene Benzene
Benzamide CHCl3 + NaOH Kl Diazonium
Chloride
C6H5l
C6H5NC E
D
Benzene Isocyanide
Or
(a) (i) Br2 water: NH2
Br Br
C6H5NH2 + Br2 (aq) ————→
D a s Br
i v
2, 4, 6-Tribromo aniline
Sh
(ii) HCl : + −
NH2 NH3 Cl
+ HCl
Benzene ammonium chloride
(iii) (CH3CO)2O/pyridine : NH2 NHCOCH3
(CH3CO)2O
+ CH3 COOH
pyridine Benzoic Acid
Analine N-phenyl
Acetamide
(b) Increasing order of boiling point : (CH3)3N < C2H5NH2 < C2H5OH
(c) By Hinsberg test, secondary amines or (CH3)2NH shows precipitate formation which
is insoluble in KOH. Tertiary amines or (CH3)3N do not react with Hinsberg’s reagent
(benzene sulphonyl chloride).
2.303 [A ]
26. (i) k = log 0
t [A ]
2.303 0.60 2.303 0.60
k1 = log k2 = log
30 0.30 60 0.15
2.303 2.303
k1 = × log 2 k2 = × log 4
30 60

2.303 2.303
k1 = 03.010 sec 1 k2 = × 2 log 2
30 60
2.303 × 2 × 0.3010
k1 =2.31 × 10–2 sec–1 k2 =
60
k2 = 2.31 × 10–2 sec–1
As k is constant in both the readings, hence it is a pseudo first order reaction.
(ii) Rate = – ∆[R]/∆t, Average rate between 30 to 60 seconds
−(0.15 − 0.30 ) 0.15
= = 0.5 × 10–2 mol L–1 sec–1
60 − 30 30
Or
(a) For the reaction A + B —————→ P rate is given by Rate = k[A]1 [B]2
(i) r1 = k[A]1 [B]2
r2 = k[A]1 [2B]2 = 4k[A]1 [B]2
r1 = 4r2, rate will increase four times of actual rate.
(ii) When A is present in large amount, order w.r.t. A is zero.
Hence overall order = 0 + 2 = 2, second order reaction.
s
(b) t 1 = 30 minutes ; t 1 = 0.693 30 min =
0.693
a
k k
iv D
2
2
0.693
⇒ k = min–1 ⇒ k = 0.0231 min–1
Sh
30
2.303 [A ]
k = log 0
t A
2.303 100 2.303
t = log ⇒ t= min
0.0231 10 0.0231
∴ t = 99.7 minutes

Code : 043 Roll No.
• Code number given on the left hand side of the question paper should be written on
CHEMISTRY (Theory)
2015 (OUTSIDE DELHI)*
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Questions number 1 to 5 are Very Short Answer Questions and carry 1 mark each.
(iii) Questions number 6 to 10 are Short Answer Questions and carry 2 marks each.
a s
(iv) Questions number 11 to 22 are also Short Answer Questions and carry 3 marks each.
D
(v) Question number 23 carries 4 marks.
i v
(vi) Questions number 24 to 26 are Long Answer Questions and carry 5 marks each.
Sh
(vii) Use log tables if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.
* Modified as per Latest CBSE Curriculum.
Q.1. Define Colligative properties. 1
Q.2. How many coulombs are required to reduce 1 mole Cr2O72– to Cr3+? 1
Q.3. Write IUPAC name of the following complex : 1
[Cr(NH3)3 Cl3]
Q.4. Write the IUPAC name of the given compound: 1
CH3—CH—CH2—O—CH2—CH3
|
CH3
Q.5. Which would undergo SN1 reaction faster in the following pair : 1
CH3—CH2—CH2—Br and CH3—CH—CH3
|
Br
Q.6. Write the reagents required in the following reactions : 2
?
(i) CH2 = CH—CH2OH CH2 = CH—CHO
?
(ii) CH3—COOH
CH3—CONH2
Or, Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their property as indicated :
(i) CH3COCH3, C6H5COCH3, CH3CHO
(reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reaction)
(ii) Cl—CH2—COOH, F—CH2—COOH, CH3—COOH (acidic character)

Q.7. (i) O
n mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What
type of deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change
in temperature would you observe after mixing liquids X and Y?
(ii) What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypotonic solution)? Give
reason. 2
Q.8. (i) Write down the IUPAC name of the following complex :
[CO(NH3)5Cl]2+
(ii) Write the formula for the following complex :
Potassium tetrachloridonickelate (II) 2
Q.9. Calculate the time to deposit 1.27 g of copper at cathode when a current of 2A was passed
through the solution of CuSO4.
(Molar mass of Cu = 63.5 g mol–1, 1 F = 96500 C mol–1) 2
Q.10. Write one similarity and one difference between the chemistry of lanthanoids and that of
actinoids. 2
Q.11. How can the following conversions be carried out :
(i) Aniline to bromobenzene
(ii) Chlorobenzene to 2-chloroacetophenone
(iii) Chloroethane to butane 3
Or
s
What happens when
a
(i) Chlorobenzene is treated with Cl2/FeCl3,
iv D
(ii) Ethyl chloride is treated with AgNO2,
Sh
(iii) 2-bromopentane is treated with alcoholic KOH?
Write the chemical equations in support of your answer.
Q.12. Nitrogen pentoxide decomposes according to equation :
2N2O5(g) 4 NO2(g) + O2(g).
This first order reaction was allowed to proceed at 40°C and the data below are collected:
[N2O5] (M) Time (min)
0.400 0.0
0.289 20.0
0.209 40.0
0.151 60.0
0.109 80.0
(a) Calculate the rate constant. Include units with your answer.
(b) What will be the concentration of N2O5 after 100 minutes?
(c) Calculate the initial rate of reaction.
Q.13. Conductivity of 2.5 × 10–4 M methanoic acid is 5.25 × 10–5 S cm–1. Calculate its molar
conductivity and degree of dissociation.
Given : λ0(H+) = 349.5 S cm2 mol–1 and λ0(HCOO–) = 50.5 S cm2 mol–1. 3
Q.14. Predict the products of the following reactions : 3
H2 N NH2
(i) CH3—C = O ?
|
CH3
4 ( a )KMnO /KOH
(ii) C6H5—CH3
?
( b )H
CHEMISTRY (THEORY) – 2015 (OUTSIDE DELHI)  13

COOH
Br / FeBr
(iii)
2 3
?
Q.15. (a) Account for the following :

(i) Cu+ is unstable in an aqueous solution.
(ii) Transition metals form complex compounds.
(b) Complete the following equation :

Cr2O72– + 8H+ + 3NO 2 3
Q.16. (a) What type of linkage is present in proteins? 3
(b) Give one example each of water soluble and fat soluble vitamins.
(c) Draw pyranose structure of glucose.
Q.17. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non-volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a
vapour pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute.
(Vapour pressure of pure water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg) 3
Q.18. For the complex ion [CoF6]3– write the hybridization type, magnetic character and spin
nature. [Atomic number : Co = 27] 3
Q.19. What is corrosion? Explain the electrochemical theory of rusting of iron and write the
a s
reactions involved in the rusting of iron. 3
D
Q.20. Give reasons for the following : 3
i v
(i) Phenol is more acidic than methanol.
Sh
(ii) The C—O—H bond angle in alcohols is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle (190°28′).
(iii) (CH3)3C—O—CH3 on reaction with HI gives (CH3)3C—I and CH3—OH as the main
products and not (CH3)3C—OH and CH3—I.
Q.21. (i) Which one of the following is a polysaccharide :
Starch, Maltose, Fructose, Glucose?
(ii) What one difference between α-helix and β-pleated sheet structure of protein.
(iii) Write the name of the disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B12. 3
Q.22. (i) What type of isomerism is shown by the complex [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3?
(ii) On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration for d4 ion if
∆0 > P.
(iii) Write the hybridization and shape of [CoF6]3–.
(Atomic number of Co = 27) 3
Q.23. Describe a method for the identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Also
write chemical equations of the reaction involved. 4
Q.24. An aromatic compound ‘A’ of molecular formula C7H6O2 undergoes a series of reactions as
shown below. Write the structures of A, B, C, D and E in the following reactions : 5
3 NH /heat 3 2 Br /NaOH ( CH CO ) O
(C7H6O2)A
C6H5CONH2
2 B
C
LiAlH4/ether Br2(aq)
D E
Or

(a) Write the structures of main products when benzene diazonium chloride reacts with
the following reagents :
(i) H3PO2 + H2O (ii) CuCN/KCN (iii) H2O
(b) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their basic character in an aqueous
solution :
C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C3H5)3N
(c) Give a simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds:
C6H5—NH2 and C6H5—NH—CH3
Q.25. For the hydrolysis of methyl acetate in aqueous solution, the following results were
obtained :
t/s 0 10 20
[CH3COOCH3] / mol L–1 0.10 0.05 0.025
(i) S how that it follows pseudo first order reaction, as the concentration of water remains
constant.
(ii) Calculate the average rate of reaction between the time interval 10 to 20 seconds.
(Given : log 2 = 0.3010, log 4 = 0.6021) 5
Or, (a) For a reaction A + B P, the rate is given by
a s
Rate = k[A] [B]2
iv D
(i) How is the rate of reaction affected if the concentration of B is doubled?
(ii) What is the overall order of reaction if A is present in large excess?
Sh
(b) A first order reaction takes 30 minutes for 50% completion. Calculate the time required
for 90% completion of this reaction.
Q.26. (a) Complete the following chemical reaction equations:
(i) MnO 4 (aq ) C 2 O 24 (aq ) H (aq )

(ii) Cr2 O72 (aq ) Fe 2 (aq ) H (aq )

(b) Explain the following observations about the transition/inner transition elements:
(i) There is in general an increase in density of element from titanium (Z = 22) to
copper (Z = 29).
(ii) There occurs much more frequent metal-metal bonding in compound of heavy
transition elements (3rd series).
(iii) The members in the actinoid series exhibit a larger number of oxidation states
than the corresponding members in the lanthanoid series. 2,3
Or, (a) Complete the following chemical equations for reactions:
(i) MnO 4 (aq ) S 2 O 32 (aq ) H 2 O(l )

(ii) Cr2 O72 (aq ) H 2 S(g ) H (aq )

(b) Give an explanation for each of the following observations:
(i) The gradual decrease in size (actinoid contraction) from element to element
is greater among the actinoids than that among the lanthanoids (lanthanoid
contraction).
(ii) The greatest number of oxidation states are exhibited by the members in the
middle of a transition series.
(iii) With the same d-orbital configuration (d4) Cr2+ ion is a reducing agent but Mn3+
ion is an oxidising agent. 2,3

2015 (Outside Delhi)
1. Colligative properties. All those properties which depend on the number of solute particles
irrespective of the nature of solute are called as colligative properties.
2. Cr2O7–2 + 14H+ + 6e → 2Cr+3 + 7H2O
\ 6 Farady of charge is required.
3. IUPAC Name : Triamminetrichloridochromium(III).
4. IUPAC name : 1-Ethoxy-2-methylpropane
5. CH3—CH—CH3 , because the secondary carbo cation formed is more stable than primary
| carbo cation.
Br
6. (i) CH2 = CH—CH2OH CH2 = CH—CHO
PCC
(ii) CH3—COOH

NH
3 CH3—CONH2
s

D a
Or
i v
6. (i) C6H5COCH3 < CH3COCH3 < CH3CHO
Sh
(Reactivity towards nucleophilic addition)
(ii) CH3—COOH < CH2—COOH < F—CH2—COOH
|
Cl
(Increasing acidic character)
7. (i) Volume decreases by mixing X and Y. It shows negative deviations from Raoult’s law.
There will be rise in temperature. (∆Hmix < 0)
(ii) Blood cell will swell due to osmosis as water enters the cell.
8. (i) [CO(NH3)5Cl]2+
IUPAC name : Pentaammine chlorido cobalt (III) ion
(ii) Formula of the complex potassium tetrachloridonickelate (II) K2[NiCl4].
9. CuSO4 Cu+ + SO42–
Cu2+ + 2e– Cu
63.5 gram of copper is deposited = 2 × 96500 C
2 × 96500
1.27 gram of Cu is deposited = × 1.27 = I × t (Q = I × t)
63.5
2 × 96500 × 1.27
\ t = = 1930 seconds
63.5 × 2
10. Similarity : Both lanthanoids and actinoids show contraction in size and irregularity in
their electronic configuration.
Difference : Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states but lanthanoids do not.

11. (i) Aniline to bromobenzene
B B
Aniline Bromobenzene
(ii) Chlorobenzene to 2-chloroacetophenone

Cl Cl O
+ CH3COCl AlCl3 CH3 + HCl

(iii) Chloroethane to butane
Dry ether
2CH3CH2Cl + 2Na CH3CH2—CH2—CH3 + 2NaCl
Or
11. (i) Cl Cl Cl
Anhyd. Cl
s
FeCl3
a
+ Cl2 + + HCl
iv D
Cl
Sh
1,2-dichlorobenzene 1,4-dichlorobenzene
(ii) CH3CH2Cl + AgNO2 CH3CH2NO2 + AgCl
Nitro ethane
Br
|
(iii) CH3—CH—CH2CH2CH3 + KOH (alc.) CH3CH = CH—CH2—CH3 + KCl
Pent-2-ene
2.303 [ A ]
12. (a) K = log 0
t A
Substituting the values, we get
2.303 0.400
K = log
20 0.289
2.303
or K = log 1.3840
20
or K = 0.11515 log 1.3840 \ K = 0.0163 min–1
2.303 [A ]
(b) K = log 0
t [A]
2.303 0.400 0.400 0.0163 100
\ 0.0163 = log or log
100 [A] [A] 2.303
0.400
or log = 7.0777 \ [A] = 0.078 M
[A]
(c) Initial rate, R = K [N2O5] = 0.0163 min–1 (0.400 M) = 0.00652 M min–1

13. Concentration = 2.5 × 10–4 M K = 5.25 × 10–5 S cm–1.
K 1000 5.25 10 5 1000
Λ cm = S cm 2 mol 1
Concentration 2.5 10 4
2
5.25 10 525 210 S cm 2 mol -1
2.5 2.5
Molar conductivity at infinite dilution,
Λ 0m = λ0H+ + λ0HCOO– = (349.5 + 50.5) = 400 S cm2 mol–1
Degree of dissociation,
Λ c 210 21
α = 0m = = = 0.525
Λ m 400 40
14. (i) CH3 CH3
CH3 C O + H2N NH2 CH3 C NNH2 + H2O
Acetene Hydrazine Acetone Hydrazone
(ii) CH3 COOK COOH
(a) KMnO4 /KOH (b) H +
D a s
Toulene Potassium Benzoic Acid
i v
Benzoate
Sh
(iii) COOH COOH
+ Br2 FeBr3 + HBr

Br
Benzoic acid m-bromobenzoic acid
15. (a) (i) C
u+ is unstable in an aqueous solution because Cu+ undergoes disproportionation
reaction as follows :
2Cu+ Cu2+ + Cu
(ii) Transition metals form complex compounds due to small size of metal, higher
nuclear (ionic) charge and availability of vacant or incompletely filled d-orbitals.

(b) Cr2O72– + 8H+ + 3NO 2 2Cr3+ + 3NO3– + 4H2O
16. (a) Peptide linkage is present in proteins.
(b) Vitamin C is water soluble and Vitamin D is fat soluble vitamin.
(c) Pyranose structure of glucose
CH2OH
H O H
H
OH H
OH OH
H OH

0
Psolvent − Psolvent Wsolute M solvent
17. 0
= ×
Psolvent M solute WSolvent
32.00 31.84 10 18
⇒
32 M solute 200
0.16 9
=
=
32 10M solute
32 9
\ M solute 180 g / mol
1.6
18. [CoF6]3–
Co3+ = [Ar] 3d6 4s0 4p6
3d4s 5p4d
sp3d2 hybridisation
s
It is paramagnetic due to presence of 4 unpaired electrons and form high spin complex.
iv D a
19. Corrosion: Corrosion is defined as the deterioration of substance because of its reaction
with its environment. Corrosion is an electrochemical phenomenon. At a particular spot
Sh
of an object made of iron, oxidation takes place and that spot behaves as anode and the
reaction is
At Anode: 2Fe ―→ 2Fe+2 + 4e–
electrons released at anodic spot move through the metal and go to another spot on the
metal and reduce oxygen in presence of H+. This spot behaves as cathode.
At Cathode : O2 + 4H+ + 4e– ―→ 2H2O
Overall reaction : 2Fe + O2 + 4H+ ―→ 2Fe+2 + 2H2O
20. (i) Phenol is more acidic than methanol because in phenol, phenoxide ion formed is more
stabilized by resonance than phenol. There is no resonance in methanol.
(ii) The C—O—H bond angle in alcohols is slightly less than tetrahedral due to repulsion
between the lone pairs of electrons of oxygen.
(iii) (CH3)3C+ is 3° carbo-cation which is more stable than CH 3+ for SN1 reaction.
21. (i) Starch is a polysaccharide.
(ii) α-Helix structure : The polypeptide chains are held together (stabilized) by
intramolecular H-bonding.
b-Pleated sheet structure : The two neighbouring polypeptide chains are held together
by intermolecular H–bonding.
(iii) Disease caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B12 is Pernicious anaemia.
22. (i) [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 shows Hydration isomerism.
(ii) Electronic configuration for d4 ion if ∆0 > P is t2g4eg0
(iii) [CoF6]3– has sp3d2 hybridization and octahedral shape.

23. Benzenesulphonyl chloride (C6H5SO2Cl), which is also known as Hinsberg’s reagent, reacts
with primary and secondary amines to form sulphonamides and tertiary amine does not react.
O O
NaOH
—S—Cl + H—N—C2H5 —S—N —C2H5 + HCl
O H O H
(soluble in alkali)
The product will precipitate after addition of HCl.
O O
—S—Cl + H—N—C2H5 H3C— —S—N —C2H5 + HCl
O C2H5 O C2H5
(insoluble in alkali)
It does not react with tertiary amines.
24. B
(CH3CO)2O
(C7H6O2) A NH3 C6H5CONH2 Br2/NaOH C6H5NH2 NHCOCH3
Benzoic Acid D Benzamide Analine
LiAlH4 Br2(aq)
a s
CH2NH2 NH2
v D
Br Br C N—phenylethanamide
Sh Or
i Br E 2, 4, 6—tribromoaniline
24. (a) The structure of main products when aniline (benzene diazonium chloride) reacts
with the following reagents :
(i) N2Cl
+ H3PO2 + H2O + N2 + H3PO3 + HCl
Benzene
(ii) N2Cl CN
CuCN/KCN
+ N2 + KCl
Benzonitride
(iii) N2Cl OH
H2O warm
+ N2 + HCl
Phenol
(b) C2H5NH2 < (C3H5)3N < (C2H5)2NH

(c) Aniline and Benzylamine can be distinguished by the Nitrous acid test. Benzylamine
reacts with HNO2 to form a diazonium salt which being unstable even at low
temperature, decomposes with evolution of N2 gas
NaNO HCl 2 HO
C6H5CH2NH2 + HNO
2 [C6H5CH2—N2 Cl ] Decompose
2 + –
Benzylamine (Unstable)
C6H5CH2OH + N2 ↑ + HCl
Benzyl alcohol

Aniline on the other hand, reacts with HNO2 to form benzenediazonium chloride
which is stable at 273–278 K and hence does not decompose to evolve N2 gas.
NaNO HCl
C6H5NH2
2
273 278 K
C6H5—N2+Cl– + NaCl + 2H2O
25. (i) [A]0 = 0.10 mol/L, [A]0 = 0.10 mol/L,

[A] = 0.05 mol/L, t = 10s [A] = 0.025 mol/L, t = 20s
2.303 [A ] 2.303 [A ]
k = k=
log 0 log 0
t [A] t [A]
2.303 0.1 2.303 0.1
k1 = log k2 = log
s
10 0.05 20 0 . 025
iv D a
2.303 2.303
k1 = × log 2 k2 = × log 4
10 20
Sh
2.303 × 0.3010 2.303 × 2 log 2
k1 = k2 =
10 20
0.693 2.303 0.3010 2

k1 = k2 =
= 0.0693 sec–1 0.0693 sec 1
10 20
As k1 and k2 are equal, hence pseudo rate constant is same.
It follows the pseudo first order reaction.
(ii) Average rate of reaction between 10 to 20 seconds
[R ] (0.025 0.05) 0.025
0.0025 mol lit–1 sec–1
t (20 10) 10
Or, (a) For the reaction A + B P rate is given by Rate = k[A]1 [B]2
(i) r1 = k[A] [B] 1 2 r2 = k[A]1 [2B]2 = 4k[A]1 [B]2
r = 4r (rate of reaction becomes 4 times)
1 2
(ii) When A is present in large amounts, order w.r.t. A is zero.
Hence overall order = 0 + 2 = 2
0.693 0.693
(b) t1/ 2 = ; t1/ 2 = 30 minutes k= min–1
k 30
2.303 [A ]

k = 0.0231 k=
min–1 log 0
t [A]
2.303 100 2.303
t = log ⇒ t= min ∴ t = 99.7 min
0.0231 10 0.0231

26. (a) (i) 2 MnO 4 5C 2 O 24 16H 2 Mn 2 8H 2 O 10CO 2
(ii) Cr2 O72 6Fe 2 14H 2 Cr 3 6Fe 3 7 H 2 O
(b) (i) As we move along a transition series from left to right, the atomic radii decrease
due to increase in nuclear charge. Hence, the atomic volume decreases. At the
same time, atomic mass increases, therefore density increases.
(ii) It is due to their low ionization energies and variable oxidation state.
(iii) Because of very small energy gap between 5f, 6d and 7s subshells all their electrons
can take part in bonding and shows variable oxidation states.
Or
(a) (i) 8MnO 4 3S 2 O 23 H 2 O
8MnO 2 6 S O 24 2 OH
Thiosulphate ion
(ii) Cr2 O72 3H 2 S 8H

2 Cr 3 7 H 2 O 3S
(b) (i) The actinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid contraction due to poorer
shielding of 5f electrons as they are extended in space beyond 6s and 6p orbitals
whereas 4f orbitals are burried deep inside the atom.
(ii) Due to presence of more unpaid electrons and use of all 4s and 3d electrons in the
middle of series.
s
(iii) Cr2+ has the configuration d4 which easily changes to d3 due to stable half filled
D a
t2g orbitals. Therefore Cr2+ is reducing agent. While Mn2+ has stable half filled d5
i v
configuration. Hence Mn3+ easily changes to Mn2+ and acts as oxidising agent.
Sh

Series: HFG1E/2 Q.P. Code: 56/2/1
Roll No.

• Q.P. Code given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
• Please write down the serial number of the question in the answer-book before
attempting it.
CHEMISTRY (Theory)
2023 (SERIES: HFGIE/2)
(i) This Question Paper contains 35 questions. All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Question paper is divided into Five sections—A, B, C, D and E.
(iii) In Section-A: Question Numbers 1 to 18 are Multiple Choice (MCQs) type questions carrying
1 mark each.
(iv) In Section-B: Question Numbers 19 to 25 are Very Short Answer (VSA) type questions carrying
2 marks each.
(v) In Section-C: Question Numbers 26 to 30 are Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying
3 marks each.
(vi) In Section-D: Question Numbers 31 & 32 are case based questions carrying 4 marks each.
(vii) In Section-E: Question Numbers 33 to 35 are Long Answer (LA) type questions carrying
5 marks each.
(viii) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in 2 questions in
Section-B, 2 questions in Section-C, 2 questions in Section-D and 2 questions in Section-E.
(ix) Use of calculators is NOT allowed.
SET I Code No. 56/2/1
Section–A

Q.1. The conversation of an alkyl halide into an alkene by alcoholic KOH is classified as 1
(a) a substitution reaction (b) an addition reaction
(c) a dehydrohalogenation reaction (d) a dehydration reaction
Q.2. The oxidation state of Fe in [Fe(CO)5] is 1
(a) +2 (b) 0 (c) +3 (d) +5
CHEMISTRY (Theory) – 2023 (Series: HFGIE/2)  225

Q.3. Among the following, which is the strongest base? 1

(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Q.4. The slope in the plot of ln[R] vs. time for a first order reaction is 1
+k −k
(a) (b) –k (c) (d) +k
2.303 2.303
Q.5. An a-helix is a structural feature of 1
(a) Sucrose (b) Polypeptides (c) Nucleotides (d) Starch
Q.6. Racemisation occurs in 1
(a) SN1 reaction (b) SN2 reaction
(c) Neither SN1 nor SN2 reaction (d) SN2 reaction as well as SN1 reaction
Q.7. Value of Henry’s constant KH:1
(a) increases with decrease in temperature (b) decreases with increase in temperature
(c) increases with increase in temperature (d) remains constant
Q.8. Which of the following solutions of KCl will have the highest value of molar conductivity? 1
(a) 0.01 M (b) 1 M (c) 0.5 M (d) 0.1 M
Q.9. Which of the following reactions are feasible? 1
(a) CH3CH2Br + Na+ O–C(CH3)3  CH3CH2—O—C (CH3)3
(b) (CH3)3 C—Cl + Na+O–CH2CH3  CH3CH2—O—C (CH3)3
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Q.10. Which of the following is most reactive in nucleophilic addition reactions? 1
(a) HCHO (b) CH3CHO (c) CH3COCH3 (d) CH3COC2H5
Q.11. Which of the following does not give aldol condensation reaction? 1
(a) CH3—CHO (b) CHO (c) CHO (d) CH3COCH3
d [ B]
Q.12. For the reaction 3A  2B, rate of reaction + dt is equal to 1
−3 d[A ] −2 d[A ] −1 d[A ] 2d[A ]
(a) (b) 3 dt (c) 3 dt (d) + dt
2 dt
Q.13. Which of the following characteristics of transition metals is associated with their
catalytic activity? 1
(a) Paramagnetic nature (b) Colour of hydrated ions
(c) High enthalpy of atomisation (d) Variable oxidation states
Q.14. The formula of the complex dichloridobis (ethane –1, 2-diamine) platinum (IV) nitrate is 1
(a) [Pt Cl2(en)2 (NO3)2] (b) [Pt Cl2(en)2] (NO3)2
(c) [Pt Cl2(en)2 (NO3)] NO3 (d) [Pt (en)2 (NO3)2] Cl2
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Select the most
appropriate answer from the options given below:
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Q.15. Assertion (A) : Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
Reason (R) : Osmotic pressure is proportional to the molality. 1
Q.16. Assertion (A) : Conductivity decreases with the decrease in concentration of electrolyte.
Reason (R) : Number of ions per unit volume that carry the current in a solution
decreases on dilution. 1
Q.17. Assertion (A) : Copper is a non-transition element.
Reason (R) : Copper has completely filled d-orbitals in its ground state. 1
Q.18. Assertion (A) : Nucleophilic substitution of iodoethane is easier than chloroethane.
Reason (R) : Bond enthalpy of C-I bond is less than that of C-Cl bond. 1
Section–B
Q.19. The vapour pressure of pure liquid X and pure liquid Y at 25 °C are 120 mm Hg and
160 mm Hg respectively. If equal moles of X and Y are mixed to form an ideal solution,
calculate the vapour pressure of the solution. 2
Q.20. (a) Give reasons: 2×1
(i) Mercury cell delivers a constant potential during its life time.
(ii) In the experimental determination of electrolytic conductance, Direct Current
(DC) is not used.
Or
(b) Define fuel cell with an example. What advantages do the fuel cells have over primary
and secondary batteries? 2
Q.21. (a) The conversion of molecule A to B followed second order kinetics. If concentration
of A increased to three times, how will it affect the rate of formation of B?
(b) Define Pseudo first order reaction with an example. 2×1
Q.22. (a) Write the IUPAC names of the following: 2×1
(i) [Co(NH3)5(ONO)]2+ (ii) K2[NiCl4]
Or
(b) (i) What is a chelate complex? Give one example. 2×1
(ii) What are heteroleptic complexes? Give one example.
Q.23. Write the chemical equation involved in the following reactions: 2×1
(a) Reimer-Tiemann reaction (b) Acetylation of Salicylic acid
Q.24. Do the following conversions in not more than two steps: 2×1
(a) CH3CN to CH3—C—CH3 (b) COOH to
||
O
Q.25. Write two differences between DNA and RNA. 1×2
Section–C
Q.26. (a) (i) Write the mechanism of the following reaction: 2+1
H+
2CH3CH2OH
413
 K
→ CH3—CH2—O—CH2—CH3 + H2O
(ii) Why ortho-nitrophenol is steam volatile while para-nitrophenol is not?
Or
(b) What happens when: 3×1
(i) Anisole is treated with CH3Cl/anhydrous AlCl3?

(ii) Phenol is oxidised with Na2Cr2O7/H+?
(iii) (CH3)3 C—OH is heated with Cu/573 K?
Write chemical equation in support of your answer.
Q.27. Answer any three of the following: 3×1
(a) Which isomer of C5H10 gives a single monochloro compound C5H9Cl in bright
sunlight?
(b) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of reactivity towards SN2
reaction:
2-Bromopentane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane
(c) Why p-dichlorobenzene has higher melting point than those of ortho- and meta-
isomers?
(d) Identify A and B in the following:

Q.28. A first order reaction is 50% complete in 30 minutes at 300 K and in 10 minutes at 320 K.
Calculate activation energy (Ea) for the reaction. [R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1] 3
[Given: log 2 = 0.3010, log 3 = 0.4771, log 4 = 0.6021]
Q.29. When 19.5 g of F—CH2—COOH (Molar mass = 78 g mol–1), is dissolved in 500 g of water,
the depression in freezing point is observed to be 1°C. Calculate the degree of dissociation
of F—CH2—COOH. [Given: Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1] 3
Q.30. (a) Draw the geometrical isomers of [Co(en)2Cl2]2+. Which geometrical isomer of
[Co(en)2Cl2]2+ is not optically active and why?
(b) Write the hybridisation and magnetic behaviour of [CoF6]3–.
[Given: Atomic number of Co = 27] 2+1
Section–D
The following questions are Case Based Questions. Read the passage carefully and
answer the questions that follow:
Q.31. The carbon–oxygen double bond is polarised in aldehydes and ketones due to higher
electronegativity of oxygen relative to carbon. Therefore they undergo nucleophilic
addition reactions with a number of nucleophiles such as HCN, NaHSO3, alcohols,
ammonia derivatives and Grignard reagents. Aldehydes are easily oxidised by mild
oxidising agents as compared to ketones. The carbonyl group of carboxylic acid does not
give reactions of aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acids are considerably more acidic
than alcohols and most of simple phenols.
Answer the following:
(a) Write the name of the product when an aldehyde reacts with excess alcohol in
presence of dry HCl. 1
(b) Why carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol? 1
(c) (i) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity
towards CH3MgBr:
CH3CHO, (CH3)3C—C—CH3, CH3—C—CH3
|| ||
O O
(ii) Write a chemical test to distinguish between propanal and propanone. 2×1

Or
(c) Write the main product in the following: 2×1
(i) (ii)
Q.32. Carbohydrates are optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones. They are also
called saccharides. All those carbohydrates which reduce Fehling’s solution and Tollen’s
reagent are referred to as reducing sugars. Glucose, the most important source of energy
for mammals, is obtained by the hydrolysis of starch. Vitamins are accessory food factors
required in the diet. Proteins are the polymers of -amino acids and perform various
structural and dynamic functions in the organisms. Deficiency of vitamins leads to many
diseases.
(a) The penta-acetate of glucose does not react with Hydroxylamine. What does it
indicate? 1
(b) Why cannot vitamin C be stored in our body? 1
(c) Define the following as related to proteins: 2×1
(i) Peptide linkage (ii) Denaturation
Or
(c) Define the following as related to carbohydrates: 2×1
(i) Anomers (ii) Glycosidic linkage
Section–E
Q.33. (a) (I) Account for the following: 3+2
(i) Eº value for Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that for Cr3+/Cr2+.
(ii) Sc3+ is colourless whereas Ti3+ is coloured in an aqueous solution.
(iii) Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states.
(II) Write the chemical equations for the preparation of KMnO4 from MnO2.
Or
(b) (I) Account for the following: 2+2+1
(i) Transition metals form alloys.
(ii) Ce4+ is a strong oxidising agent.
(II) Write one similarity and one difference between chemistry of Lanthanoids and
Actinoids.
(III) Complete the following ionic equation:
Cr2 O72 − + 2 OH−  →
Q.34. (a) (I) Give reasons: 3+2
(i) Aniline on nitration gives good amount of m-nitroaniline, though—NH2
group is o/p directing in electrophilic substitution reactions.
(ii) (CH3)2 NH is more basic than (CH3)3 N in an aqueous solution.
(iii) Ammonolysis of alkyl halides is not a good method to prepare pure primary
amines.
(II) Write the reaction involved in the following:
(i) Carbyl amine test (ii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis

Or
(b) (I) Write the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions: 3+1+1
(i)
(ii)
(II) Why aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction?

(III) Arrange the following in increasing order of their boiling point:
C2H5OH, C2H5NH2, (C2H5)3 N
Q.35. (a) Conductivity of 2×10–3 M methanoic acid is 8×10–5 S cm–1. Calculate its molar
º for methanoic acid is 404 S cm2 mol–1.
conductivity and degree of dissociation if ∧m
(b) Calculate the DrGº and log Kc for the given reaction at 298 K:

Ni(s) + 2Ag+(aq) Ni2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)
Given: E°Ni2+/Ni = –0.25 V, EoAg+/Ag = +0.80 V, 1F = 96500 C mol–1 3+2
SET II Code No. 56/2/2

Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in Set I.
Q.1. Which of the following belongs to the class of Vinyl halides? 1
(a) CH2 = CHCH2CH2Cl (b) CH2 = C—CH3
|
Br
(c) CH2 = CH—CH2—Br (d) CH  C—Br
Q.2. What is the secondary valency of Cobalt in [Co(en2)Cl2]+? 1
(a) 6 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 8
Q.3. When Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with phenol, it forms a dye. This reaction is
called1
(a) Diazotisation reaction (b) Condensation reaction
(c) Coupling reaction (d) Acetylation reaction
Q.4. The slope in the plot of [R] vs. time for a zero order reaction is 1
+k −k
(a) (b) –k (c) (d) +k
2.303 2.303
Q.5. Proteins are polymers of 1
(a) Nucleic acids (b) Amino acids (c) Monosaccharides (d) Amines
Q.6. Retention of configuration is observed in 1
(c) Neither SN1 nor SN2 reaction (d) SN2 reaction as well as SN1 reaction
Q.7. An azeotropic mixture of two liquids will have a boiling point lower than either of the
two liquids when it 1
(a) shows a negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
(b) forms an ideal solution.
(c) shows a positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
(d) is saturated.

Q.9. Which of the following does not give Cannizaro reaction? 1
(a) (CH3)3C—CHO (b) (CH3)2CH—CHO (c) CHO (d) HCHO
Q.11. Aldehydes and ketones react with hydroxylamine to form 1
(a) hydrazones (b) cyanohydrins (c) semicarbazones (d) Oxime
d [A ]
Q.12. For a reaction 2A  3B, rate of reaction − is equal to 1
dt
+3 d[B ] +2 d[B ] +1 d[B ] 2d[B ]
(a) (b) 3 dt (c) (d) +
2 dt 3 dt dt
Q.14. Which one among the following metals of 3d series has the lowest melting point? 1
(a) Fe (b) Mn (c) Zn (d) Cu
Q.15. Assertion (A) : Elevation in boiling point is a colligative property. 1
Reason (R) : The lowering of vapour pressure of solution causes elevation in boiling point.
Q.16. Assertion (A) : Chlorobenzene is resistant to electrophilic substitution reaction. 1
Reason (R) : C—Cl bond in chlorobenzene acquires partial double bond characters due
to resonance.
Q.18. Assertion (A) : Transition metals have high enthalpy of atomisation. 1
Reason (R) : Greater number of unpaired electrons in transition metals results in weak
metallic bonding.
Q.23. (a) What is the difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide?
(b) What products would be formed when a nucleotide from DNA containing thymine is
hydrolysed? 2×1
Q.24. Write the chemical equation involved in the following: 2×1
(a) Kolbe’s reaction (b) Williamson synthesis
SET III Code No. 56/2/3

Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in Set I and Set II.
Q.1. Auto oxidation of chloroform in air and sunlight produces a poisonous gas known as
(a) Tear gas (b) Mustard gas (c) Phosgene gas (d) Chlorine gas 1
Q.2. Which of the following ligands is an ambidentate ligand? 1
(a) CO (b) NO2 (c) NH3 (d) H2O
Q.3. Among the following, which has the highest value of pKb?1
(a) NH2 (b) CH2—NH2
(c) H3C NH2 (d) O2N NH2

[R ]0
Q.4. The slope in the plot of log vs. time for a first order reaction is 1
[R ]
+k −k
(a) (b) +k (c) (d) –k
2.303 2.303

Q.5. When D-glucose reacts with HI, it forms 1
(a) Gluconic acid (b) n-hexane (c) Saccharic acid (d) Iodohexane
Q.6. Inversion of configuration occurs in 1
(c) Neither SN2 nor SN1 reaction (d) SN1 as well as SN2 reaction
Q.7. Solubility of gas in liquid decreases with increase in 1
(a) Pressure (b) Temperature
(c) Volume (d) Number of solute molecules
Q.8. Which of the following relations is incorrect? 1
1l a l k
(a) R = k  a  (b) G = k  l  (c) G = k   (d) m = c
a
Q.9. The reagent that can be used to distinguish acetophenone and benzophenone is 1
(a) 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (b) aqueous NaHSO3
(c) Fehling solution (d) I2 and NaOH
Q.11. Which of the following compounds will undergo self-condensation in the presence of
dilute NaOH solution? 1
(a) C6H5CHO (b) CH3CH2CHO (c) (CH3)3C—CHO (d) H—CHO
Q.13. Which of the following transition metals shows +1 and +2 oxidation states? 1
(a) Mn (b) Zn (c) Sc (d) Cu
Q.14. The formula of the complex Iron (III) hexacyanidoferrate (II) is: 1
(a) Fe2[Fe(CN)6]3 (b) Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 (c) Fe[Fe(CN)6] (d) Fe3[Fe(CN6]2
Q.15. Assertion (A) : The enthalpy of mixing Dmix H is equal to zero for an ideal solution. 1
Reason (R) : For an ideal solution the interaction between solute and solvent molecules
is stronger than the interactions between solute-solute or solvent-solvent
molecules.
Q.16. Assertion (A) : Molar conductivity decreases with increase in concentration. 1
Reason (R) : When concentration approaches zero, the molar conductivity is known as
limiting molar conductivity.
Q.17. Assertion (A) : Transition metals show their highest oxidation state with oxygen. 1
Reason (R) : The ability of oxygen to form multiple bonds to metals.
Q.18. Assertion (A) : Chlorobenzene is resistant to nucleophilic substitution reaction at room
temperature.
Reason (R) : C—Cl bond gets weaker due to resonance. 1
Q.19. What are nucleic acids? Why two strands in DNA are not identical but are complementary?
1×2
Q.20. Do the following conversions in not more than two steps: 2×1
(a) CH3COOH to CH3COCH3 (b) CH2CH3 to COOH

Section–A

1. (c) When ethyl chloride is heated in presence of alcoholic KOH, it undergoes dehydro-
halogenation to give alkene product.
CH3CH2Cl + alc. KOH —————→ CH2 == CH2 + KCl + H2O
Ethyl chloride Ethene
2. (b) Carbonyl complexes have zero oxidation state.
3. (c) In benzylamine, the amino group is not directly attached to the benzene ring. Hence,
electrons cannot participate in resonance and the electrons on nitrogen are available
for donation.
4. (c) −K
2.303
5. (b) The a–helix is a structural feature of proteins which are polypeptides chains of amino
acids.
6. (a) Racemization occurs in SN1 reaction only as the sp2 hybridized carbocation is formed
as intermediate which could be attacked by nucleophile from both front and back side
equally to form racemic mixture.
7. (c) increases with increase in temperature.
1000 × k
8. (a) 0.01M ∵ m =
⇒ m  1
M M
Molar conductivity increases with decrease in molarity.
9. (a) For preparing unsymmetrical ethers the halide should be primary because Williamson
synthesis occurs by SN2 mechanism and primary alkyl halides are most reactive in SN2
reactions.
10. (a) Presence of alkyl group decreases the reactivity by decreasing the electron deficiency.
Hence, HCHO is more reactive towards nucleophilic addition reactions.
11. (c) Benzaldehyde will not give aldol condensation due to absence of —H atom.
12. (b) For 3A  2B
−1 d[A ] 1 d[B ] d [ B] 2 d [A ]
Rate of reaction = 3 dt = + 2 dt  =−
dt 3 dt
13. (d) Due to formation of variable oxidation states, transition metals show catalytic property.
14. (b)
15. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Osmotic pressure is a colligative property as it depends on the number of solute
present and not on the nature of solute.
Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to molality and temperature, i.e., p = CRT.
16. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
17. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Copper is a transition element due to partially filled d-orbitals (d9 – Cu2+) in its ionic state.

Section–B
x 1
19. Suppose the moles of X and Y are x. Hence, their mole fraction = 2 x = 2 .
Given, vapour pressure of pure liquid ‘X’ = 120 mm Hg
Vapour pressure of pure liquid ‘Y’ = 160 mm Hg
Now, total vapour pressure, P = PX0 × Mole fraction of X + PY0 × Mole fraction of Y
P = PX0 × Mole fraction + PY0 × Mole fraction
1 1
 P = 120 × 2 + 160 × 2  P = 60 + 80 = 140
 P = 140 mm of Hg
20. (a) (i) Mercury cell delivers a constant potential during its lifetime because the overall
reaction does not involve any ion in solution whose concentration can change.
(ii) Because DC (Direct Current) results in the electrolysis of the electrolytic solution.
As a result, concentration of the electrolyte near the electrodes changes and these
result in change in the resistance of the solution.
Or, (b) Fuel cell. These are galvanic cells in which the energy of combustion of fuels like
hydrogen, methane, etc. is directly converted into electrical energy, e.g., H2—O2 fuel cell.
Advantages of fuel cells over primary and secondary batteries are:
(i) High efficiency. They are more efficient than conventional method of generating
electricity.
(ii) There is no electrode required in it as in an ordinary battery. The fuel can be fed
continuously to produce power.
(iii) They do not cause pollution.
21. (a) For second order kinetics, we have
r = K[A]2
When concentration of A increased to 3 times.
The rate of formation of B will be
r = K[3A]2 = 9 times
So, the rate of formation of B increases by 9 times.
(b) Pseudo First Order Reaction. The reactions which are not truly of first order but under
certain conditions become reactions of first order are called Pseudo first order reactions.
Example. Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate
Acid
CH COOC H + H O  
  CH COOH + C H OH
3 2 5 2 3 2 5
Due to high amount of water, its concentration remains practically unchanged and rate
of reaction depends only on concentration of ethyl acetate and hence order is 1.
22. (a) (i) IUPAC name of [Co(NH3)5(ONO)]2+ is Pentaaminenitrito-O-cobalt (III) ion.
(ii) IUPAC name of K2[NiCl4] is Potassium tetrachloridonickelate (II).
Or, (b) (i) When a bidentate or a polydentate ligand binds through its 2 or more donor
atoms with same central metal atom or ion then a ring structured complex is
formed which is known as chelate complex.
Example. [Cu(en)2]2+ Bis-(ethane-1,2-diamine) copper (II) ion

(ii) The complexes in which the metal is bound to more than one kind of donor
groups or ligands are called heteroleptic complexes.
Example. [NiCl2(H2O)4] Tetraaquodichloridonickel (II)
This complex contains 2 types of ligands viz., Cl and H2O.
23. (a) Reimer-Tiemann reaction:
(b) Acetylation of Salicylic acid:

Ethanoic
Acid
24. (a)
(b)
25. Difference between DNA and RNA:

DNA RNA
1. The sugar present in DNA is The sugar present in RNA is D-(-)ribose.
2-deoxy-(-) ribose.
2. DNA contains cytosine and thymine as RNA contains cytosine and uracil as
pyrimidine bases. pyrimidine bases.
Section–C
26. (a) (i) Mechanism:
Step 1:

Step 2:
Step 3:
(ii) o-nitrophenol is steam volatile than p-nitrophenol due to presence

of intra-molecular hydrogen bonding in it.
Or
(b) (i)
(ii)
(iii) /
27. (a) C5H10 is an alkene so it must be Pentene. Allylic chlorination occurs and hydrogen
adjacent to the C = C will be substituted.
Sunlight
CH2 = CH—CH2—CH2—CH3 + Cl2 → CH2 = CH—CH—CH2—CH3
|
Br
Pentene (C5H10) 3-Bromopent-1-ene (C5H9Cl)
(b) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane < 2-Bromopentane < 1-Bromopentane
(c) p-isomers are comparatively more symmetrical and fit closely in the crystal lattice,
thus require more heat to break these strong forces of attraction. Therefore higher
melting point than o- and m-isomers.
(d)
(A) (B)
Cyclobutyl Cyclobutane
magnesium bromide
0.693
28. Using t½ =
K
0.693 0.693
At 300 K, K1 = = 0.0231 min–1 ; At 320 K, K2 = = 0.0693 min–1
30 10

 K2  Ea  T2 − T1 
Using Arhenius equation, log 
=
 K1  2.303 R  T1T2 
( 0.0693 )
log 0.0231 = a E
2.303 × 8.314 × 10−3 KJ mol−1 K −1 300 × 320
( 320 − 300 )
 Ea = 43.85 KJ mol–1
29. Given: Molar mass of F—CH2—COOH = 78 g/mol

Amount of solvent water = 500 g
Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1, Number of moles = 19.5 g
19.5
Number of moles of F—CH2—COOH = 78 = 0.25
No. of moles 0.25
Molality, m = = × 1000 = 0.50 m
1 kg of solvent 500
Calculated freezing point depression
DTf = Kf × m = 1.86 × 0.50 = 0.93 K
Observed Colligative Property
Van’t Hoff factor, i =
Calculated Colligative Property
1
i =  i = 1.0753
0.93
Let C be the initial concentration of fluoroacetic acid and  be its degree of dissolution.
F = CH2—COOH —————→ F = CH2—COO– + H+
C(1 – ) C C
Total number of moles = C(1 – ) + C + C = C(1 + )
C(1 + α )
Now, i = C = 1 +  i=1+
 1.0753 = 1 +    = 1.0753 – 1 = 0.0753
30. (a)
Geometrical isomers of [Co(en)2Cl2 ]2+ are:
Trans form is not optically active because it has a plane of symmetry.

(b) [CoF6]3–—Hexafluorido cobalt (III) ion.
Here F is a weak field ligand and is unable to do pairing.
Co3+ = [Ar] 3d6 4s0 4p0 4d0
3d 4s 5p 4d

Due to presence of 4 unpaired electrons, it is paramagnetic in nature.

Section–D
31. (a)
(b) Because the carboxylate ion (RCOOH  

 RCOO– + H+) is relatively more stable
as compared to phenoxide ion. Thus, release of H+ ion from carboxylic acid is
comparatively easier and it behaves as a stronger acid than phenol.
(c) (i)
(CH3)3 C—C—CH3 < CH3—C—CH3 < CH3CHO
|| ||
O O
Steric hindrance and +I effect less +I effect
more +I effect
(ii) Propanone on reacting with I2 and NaOH gives a yellow ppt of iodoform but
propanal does not respond to this test.
Chemical Reactions.
CH3—CH2CHO + I2 + NaOH ———→ No reaction
Propanal
CH3C—CH3 + I2 + NaOH ———→ CHI3 + CH3COONa
||
O Iodoform
Propanone (yellow ppt.)
Or
(c) (i)
(ii)
32. (a) Acetylation of glucose with acetic anhydride gives glucose pentaacetate which confirms
the presence of five —OH groups which are attached to different ‘C’ atoms.


(b) Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin which is eliminated from our body in the form
of urine.
(c) (i) Peptide Iinkage. It is an amide linkage formed between —COOH group of one
-amino acid and NH2 group of the other -amino acid by loss of a molecule of
water.
—CO—NH— bond is called Peptide linkage.
(ii) Denaturation. Due to coagulation of globular protein under the influence
of change in temperature, change in pH etc., the native shape of the protein
is destroyed and biological activity is lost and the protein so formed is called
denaturated proteins and the phenomenon is denaturation.
Or, (c) (i) Anomers. A pair of stereoisomers which differ in configuration only around C1
are called anomers. Two isomers are said to be anomers if the isomerisation in
the molecule is at first carbon.
(ii) Glycosidic linkage. The two monosaccharide units are joined together through an
etheral or oxide linkage formed by loss of a molecule of water. Such a linkage between
two monosaccharide units through oxygen atom is called glycosidic linkage.
Section–E
33. (a) (I) (i) The large positive Eo value for Mn3+/Mn2+ shows that Mn2+ is much more
stable than Mn3+ due to stable half filled configuration (3d5). Therefore the
3rd ionisation energy of Mn will be very high and Mn3+ is unstable and can
be easily reduced to Mn2+. Eo value for Cr3+/Cr2+ is positive but small, i.e.,
Cr3+ can also be reduced to Cr2+ but less easily. Thus, Cr3+ is more stable
than Mn3+.
(ii) Sc3+ is colourless due to absence of unpaired electrons in its ion (3d0 4s0)
while Ti3+ (3d1 4s0) is coloured due to d–d transition of unpaired electron in it.
(iii) Because of very small energy gap between 5f, 6d and 7s subshells all their
electrons can take part in bonding and show variable oxidation states.
(II) Potassium Permangante (KMnO4) is prepared from pyrolusite ore (MnO2). The
ore (MnO2) is fused with an alkali metal hydroxide like KOH in the presence of
air or an oxidising agent like KNO3 to give dark green potassium manganate
(K2MnO4). K2MnO4 disproportionates in a neutral or acidic solution to give
potassium permanganate.
2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2 ———→ 2K2MnO4 + 2H2O
(Green)
3MnO2–
4 + 4H
+ ———→ 2MnO–4 + MnO2 + 2H2O
Or, (b) (I) (i) The transition metals are quite similar in size and therefore, the atoms of one
metal can substitute the atoms of other metal in its crystal lattice. Thus, on
cooling a mixture solution of two or more transition metals solid alloys are
formed.
(ii) Ce4+ is a strong oxidizing agent because it tends to come in its stable oxidation
state of +3.
(II) Similarity. Both lanthanoids and actinoids show contraction in size and irregularity
in their electronic configuration.
Difference. Actinoids show wide range of oxidation states but lanthanoids do not.
(III) Cr2O72– + 2OH– ———→ 2CrO42– + H2O

34. (a) (I) (i) Because of nitration in an acidic medium, aniline gets protonated to give
anilinium ion which is m-directing.
(ii) Due to more steric hindrance in (CH3)3N it is less basic than (CH3)2NH.
(iii) Because the primary amine formed by ammonolysis itself acts as a
nucleophile and produces further 2° and 3° alkyl amine.
(II) (i) Aliphatic and aromatic primary amines on heating with chloroform and
ethanolic KOH form isocyanides or carbylamines which are foul smelling
substances. This reaction is known as carbylamines reaction.
∆
R—NH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH  → R—NC + 3KCl + 3H2O
Primary amine Chloroform Carbylamine
(ii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis. It is used to prepare 1° amine (Primary
amine). The starting compound is a phthalimide. But aromatic primary
amines cannot be prepared by this method because aryl halides do not
undergo nucleophilic substitution with the anion formed by phthalimide.
Example:
+ C2H5NH2
Or
(b) (I) (i)
(ii) Fe/HCl
(II) Aniline being a Lewis base reacts with Lewis acid AlCl3 to form a salt.
+
C6H5NH2 + AlCl3 → C6H5N H2AlCl3–
Lewis base Lewis acid

As a result, N of aniline acquires positive charge and hence it acts as a strong
deactivating group for electrophilic substitution reaction. Consequently, aniline
does not undergo Friedel Craft reaction.
(III) Increasing order of boiling point: (C2H5)3N < C2H5NH2 < C2H5OH
35. (a) Given. Concentration, C = 2 × 10–3 M ; Conductivity, K = 8 × 10–5 S cm–1
om = 404 S cm2 mol–1
Using formula,
K × 1000 8 × 10−5 × 1000
m = = S cm2 mol–1 = 4 × 10–5+3 × 1000 = 4 × 10–2 × 103
C 2 × 10−3
 Molar Conductivity, m = 40 S cm2 mol–1
Λm 40
Now, Degree of dissociation,  = = = 0.099
Λ om 404
(b) EºCell = Eºcathode – Eºanode = EºAg+/Ag – EºNi2+/Ni = +0.80 – (–0.25)
 EºCell = +1.05 V
According to the formula,
DGº = –nFEº = –2 × 96500 × 1.05
or DGº = –202650 J mol–1 = –202.65 KJ mol–1
Now DGº  –202650 J mol–1
R = 8.314 J/Mol/K, T = 298 K
∆G º −202650
log K = 2.303 RT or log K =
2.303 × 8.314 × 298
−202650
 log K = = 35.52
5705.84831
 K = Antilog of 35.52  K = 0.35 × 107

1. (b) In Vinyl halide, halogen atom is attached to the sp2 carbon of C = C bond.
2. (a) Secondary valencies have characteristic spatial arrangements in coordination polyhedra
and represent number of donor atoms in ligands.
3. (c) Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with phenol in a basic medium and gives
p-Hydroxyazobenzene. This is an example of the coupling reaction.
+ Coupling
C6H5N2Cl + C6H5OH 
OH−
→ N=N OH + HCl
Benzene diazonium Phenol p-Hydroxyazobenzene
chloride (Orange dye)
4. (b) –K 5. (b) Amino acid
6. (a) SN1 reaction 7. (c) Shows a positive deviation from Raoult’s law
9. (b) (CH3)2 CH–CHO Aldehydes which have -Hydrogen atom do not undergo Cannizaro
reaction.
11. (d)
Oxime
12. (b) For 2A  3B

−1 d[A ] 1 d[B ] −d[A] 2 d[B]
Rate of reaction = ⇒ dt = 3 dt
2 dt 3 dt

14. (c) Zinc has the minimum melting point among 3d series of transition metals, because of
absence of unpaired d-electrone.
15. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Elevation in boiling point is a colligative property as it is dependent on the solute-
solvent ratio or number of particles. When a non-volatile solute is added in a solution
then its vapour pressure decreases than that of pure solvent and more heat has to be
supplied to the solution to boil it.
Chlorobenzene is resistant to nucleophilic substitution reaction.
18. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
High effective nuclear charge and a large number of valence electrons in transition
metals cause very strong metallic bonding which results in high enthalpies of
atomisation.
23. (a) Difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide reaction:
Nucleoside. A nucleoside contains only two basic components

of nucleic acids, i.e., a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base.
It is formed by the attachment of a base to 1 position of sugar.
Nucleotides. A nucleotide contains all the three basic

components of nucleic acids, i.e., a phosphoric acid
group, a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base. These are
formed by the esterification of C5—OH of the sugar of the
nucleoside with phosphoric acid.
(b) When nucleotide from DNA containing thymine is hydrolysed thymine

b-D-2-deoxyribose and phosphoric acid are obtained as products.
24. (a) Kolbe’s reaction. Phenol reacts with CO2 in presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at
4 – 7 Atm and 390 – 410 K giving salicylic acid.
Example:
(b) Williamson synthesis. The reaction involves the nucleophilic substitution of the halide
ion from the alkyl halide by the alkoxide ion by SN2 mechanism.
Example:

hν
1. (c) 2CHCl3 + O2 → 2COCl2 + 2HCl
2. (b) NO2 can donate electron from either oxygen or nitrogen atom of its molecule and
forms O—N—O and —NO2 linkage.
3. (d) Electron withdrawing group like —NO2 destabilises the anilinium cation and decreases
basic strength and increases pKb value.
4. (a) +K
2.303
5. (b)
n-Hexane
6. (a) SN2 mechanism requires the attack of Nu– from the backside of ‘C’ atom. So the
product assumes a stereochemical position opposite to the leaving group originally
occupied and this is K/a inversion of configuration.
7. (b) Increased temperature causes an increase in K.E. which breaks intermolecular bonds
and gas escapes the solution.
8. (c)
9. (d) Benzophenone has benzene rings while acetophenone has linear structure. Thus, acetophenone
easily gives iodoform test to produce yellow ppt. while benzophenone cannot do so.
11. (b) Due to presence of -Hydrogen atom CH3CH2CHO undergoes self condensation.
13. (d) 14. (b)
For ideal solution the interaction between solute and solvent molecules is weaker than
solute-solute or solvent-solvent interaction.
Molar conductivity decreases with decrease in concentration.
The C—Cl bond gets stronger due to resonance and the double character acquired by
it due to delocalization of electrons in the ring.
19. Nucleic acids are biologically important polymers of proteins containing chromosomes
which are present in all living cells. The two strands of DNA are said to be complementary
to each other in the sense that the sequences of bases in one strand automatically determine
that of the other. For example, whenever adenine (A) appears in one strand, a thymine (T)
appears opposite to it in the other strand.
20. (a) Ethanoic acid to propanone
+( CH3 )2 Cd
CH3COOH + SOCl2 − SO
→ CH3COCl  → CH3COCH3
2
Ethanoic acid − HCl Acetyl chloride Propanone
(b)

Series: HFG1E/5 Q.P. Code: 56/5/1
Roll No.

• Q.P. Code given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on
• Please write down the serial number of the question in the answer-book before
attempting it.
CHEMISTRY (Theory)
2023 (SERIES: HFGIE/5)
Same as paper 2023 Series: (HFG1E/2).
Section–A

Q.1. Which of the following molecules has a chiral centre correctly labelled with an asterisk (*)?
1
(a) CH3C*HBrCH3 (b) CH3C*HClCH2Br
(c) HOCH2C*H(OH)CH2OH (d) CH3C*Br2CH3
Q.2. Which of the following alcohols will not undergo oxidation? 1
(a) Butanol (b) Butan-2-ol
(c) 2-Methylbutan-2-ol (d) 3-Methylbutan-2-ol
Q.3. A voltaic cell in made by connecting two half cells represented by half equations below:
Sn2+(aq) + 2e–  Sn(s) Eº = –0.14 V
Fe3+(aq) + e–  Fe2+(aq) Eº = + 0.77 V
Which statement is correct about this voltaic cell? 1
(a) Fe2+ is oxidised and the voltage of the cell is -0.91 V
(b) Sn is oxidised and the voltage of the cell is 0.91 V
(c) Fe2+ is oxidised and the voltage of the cell is 0.91 V
(d) Sn is oxidised and the voltage of the cell is 0.63 V
Q.4. Four half reactions I to IV are shown below: 1
I. 2Cl–  Cl2 + 2e– II. 4OH–  O2 + 2H2O + 2e–
III. Na+ + e–  Na IV. 2H+ + 2e–  H2
Which two of these reactions are most likely to occur when concentrated brine is electrolysed?
(a) I and III (b) I and IV (c) II and III (d) II and IV

Q.5. Which property of transition metals enables them to behave as catalysts? 1
(a) High melting point (b) High ionisation enthalpy
(c) Alloy formation (d) Variable oxidation states
Q.6. In the two tetrahedral structures of dichromate ion 1
(a) 4 Cr—O bonds are equivalent in length.
(b) 6 Cr—O bonds are equivalent in length.
(c) All Cr—O bonds are equivalent in length.
(d) All Cr—O bonds are non-equivalent.
Q.7. 1 mole of liquid A and 2 moles of liquid B make a solution having a total vapour pressure
40 torr. The vapour pressure of pure A and pure B are 45 torr and 30 torr respectively. The
above solution 1
(a) is an ideal solution.
(b) shows positive deviation.
(c) shows negative deviation.
(d) is a maximum boiling azeotrope.
Q.8. Which of the following would not be a good choice for reducing nitrobenzene to aniline?1
(a) LiAlH4 (b) H2/Ni (c) Fe and HCl (d) Sn and HCl
Q.9. If molality of a dilute solution is doubled, the value of the molal elevation constant (Kb) will
be1
(a) halved (b) doubled (c) tripled (d) unchanged
Q.10. Hydrolysis of sucrose is called 1
(a) inversion (b) hydration (d) saponification (c) esterification
Q.11. Which one of the following has lowest pKa value? 1
(a) CH3—COOH (b) O2N—CH2—COOH
(c) Cl—CH2—COOH (d) HCOOH
Q.12. Which of the following cell was used in Apollo space programme? 1
(a) Mercury cell (b) Daniel cell
(c) H2—O2 Fuel cell (d) Dry cell
Q.13. The following experimental rate data were obtained for a reaction carried out at 25ºC:
A(g) + B(g)  C(g) + D(g)1
Initial [A(g)] /mol dm–3 Initial [B(g)] /mol dm–3 Initial rate /mol dm–3s–1
3.0 × 10–2 2.0 × 10–2 1.89 × 10–4
3.0 × 10–2 4.0 × 10–2 1.89 × 10–4
6.0 × 10–2 4.0 × 10–2 7.56 × 10–4
What are the orders with respect to A(g) and B(g)?
Order with respect to A(g) Order with respect to B(g)
(a) Zero Second
(b) First Zero
(c) Second Zero
(d) Second First
Q.14. The magnetic moment of [NiCl4]2–
(a) 1.82 BM (b) 2.82 BM (c) 4.42 BM (d) 5.46 BM
[Atomic number: Ni = 28]

For questions number 15 to 18, two statements are given—one labelled as Assertion (A) and the
other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c)
and (d) as given below:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Q.15. Assertion (A) : Proteins are polymers of a-amino acids connected by a peptide bond.
Reason (R) : A tetrapeptide contains 4 amino acids linked by 4 peptide bonds. 1
Q.16. Assertion (A) : For a zero order reaction the unit of rate constant and rate of reaction are
same.
Reason (R) : Rate of reaction for zero order reaction is independent of concentration of
reactant. 1
Q.17. Assertion (A) : Acetic acid but not formic acid can be halogenated in presence of red P and
Cl2.
Reason (R) : Acetic acid is a weaker acid than formic acid. 1
Q.18. Assertion (A) : Trans [CrCl2(ox)2]3– shows optical isomerism.
Reason (R) : Optical isomerism is common in octahedral complexes involving didentate
ligands. 1
Section–B
Q.19. (a) (i) What should be the signs (positive/negative) for Eºcell and DGº for a spontaneous
redox reaction occurring under standard conditions? 2×1=2
(ii) State Faraday’s first law of electrolysis.
Or (b) Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K: 2
Fe(s) | Fe2+ (0.01M) || H+(1M) | H2(g) (1 bar), Pt(s)
Given: EºCell = 0.44V.
Q.20. What happens to the rate constant k and activation energy Ea as the temperature of a chemical
reaction is increased? Justify.2
Q.21. (a) Which of the following species cannot act as a ligand? Give reason. 2×1=2
OH–, NH4+, CH3NH2, H2O
(b) The complex [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2 is red in colour. Give IUPAC name of its linkage
isomer.
Q.22. Why is boiling point of o-dichlorobenzene higher than p-dichlorobenzene but melting point of
para isomer is higher than ortho isomer? 2
Q.23. For the pair phenol and cyclohexanol, answer the following: 2×1=2
(a) Why is phenol more acidic than cyclohexanol?
(b) Give one chemical test to distinguish between the two.
Q.24. (a) (i) Draw the zwitter ion structure for sulphanilic acid. 2×1=2
(ii) How can the activating effect of —NH2 group in aniline be controlled?
Or, (b) (i) Complete the reaction with the main product formed: 2×1=2
(ii) Convert Bromoethane to Propanamine.

Q.25. Give the reaction of glucose with hydrogen cyanide. Presence of which group is confirmed by
this reaction? 2
Section–C
Q.26. (a) For the reaction:
2N2O5(g)  4NO2(g) + O2(g) at 318 K
Calculate the rate of reaction if rate of disappearance of N2O5(g) is 1.4 × 10–3 ms–1.
(b) For a first order reaction derive the relationship t99% = 2t90%. 1+2=3
Q.27. (a) On the basis of crystal field theory write the electronic configuration for d5 ion with a
strong field ligand for which D0 > P.
(b) [Ni(CO)4] has tetrahedral geometry while [Ni(CN)4]2– has square planar yet both exhibit
dimagnetism. Explain. [Atomic number: Ni = 28] 1+2=3
Q.28. (a) Illustrate Sandmeyer’s reaction with an equation.
(b) Explain, why (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in aqueous solution.l+2=3
Q.29. Give reasons for any three of the following observations: 3×1=3
(a) Penta-acetate of glucose does not react with hydroxylamine.
(b) Amino acids behave like salts.
(c) Water soluble vitamins must be taken regularly in diet.
(d) The two strands in DNA are complimentary to each other.
Q.30. (a) (i) Why is the C—O bond length in phenols less than that in methanol?
(ii) Arrange the following in order of increasing boiling point:
Ethoxyethane, Butanal, Butanol, n-butane
(iii) How can phenol be prepared from anisole? Give reaction. 3×1=3
Or, (b) (i) Give mechanism of the following reaction:
2 4 H SO
CH3CH2OH 
413K
→ CH3CH2—O—CH2CH3 + H2O
(ii) Illustrate hydroboration-oxidation reaction with an example.
Section–D
The following questions are Case Based questions. Read the passage carefully and answer
the questions that follow:
Q.31. Nucleophilic Substitution
Nucleophilic Substitution reaction of haloalkane can be conducted according to both SN1
and SN2 mechanisms. SN1 is a two step reaction while SN2 is a single step reaction. For any
haloalkane which mechanism is followed depends on factors such as structure of haloalkane,
properties of leaving group, nucleophilic reagent and solvent.
Influences of solvent polarity: In SN1 reaction, the polarity of the system increases from the
reactant to the transition state, because a polar solvent has a greater effect on the transition
state than the reactant, thereby reducing activation energy and accelerating the reaction. In
SN2 reaction, the polarity of the system generally does not change from the reactant to the
transition state and only charge dispersion occurs. At this time, polar solvent has a great
stabilizing effect on Nu than the transition state, thereby increasing activation energy and slow
down the reaction rate. For example, the decomposition rate (SN1) of tertiary chlorobutane at
25° C in water (dielectric constant 79) is 300000 times faster than in ethanol (dielectric constant
24). The reaction rate (SN2) of 2-Bromopropane and NaOH in ethanol containing 40% water
is twice slower than in absolute ethanol. Hence the level of solvent polarity has influence on
both SN1 and SN2 reaction, but with different results. Generally speaking weak polar solvent

is favourable for SN2 reaction, while strong polar solvent is favourable for SN1. Generally
speaking the substitution reaction of tertiary haloalkane is based on SN1 mechanism in solvents
with a strong polarity (for example ethanol containing water).
(a) Why racemisation occurs in SNl?1
(b) Why is ethanol less polar than water? 1
(c) Which one of the following in each pair is more reactive towards SN2 reaction?
(i) CH3—CH2—I or CH3CH2—Cl
(ii) Cl or CH2—Cl 2×1
Or
(c) Arrange the following in the increasing order of their reactivity towards SN1
reactions: 2×1
(i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
(ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane
Q.32. Rahul set-up an experiment to find resistance of aqueous KCl solution for different
concentrations at 298 K using a conductivity cell connected to a Wheatstone bridge. He fed the
Wheatstone bridge with a.c. power in the audio frequency range 550 to 5000 cycles per second.
Once the resistance was calculated from null point he also calculated the conductivity m and
molar conductivity and recorded his readings in tabular form.
S.No. Conc. (M) kS cm–1 m S cm2 mol–1
1. 1.00 111.3 × 10–3 111.3
2. 0.10 12.9 × 10–3 129.0
3. 0.01 1.41 × 10–3 141.0
(a) Why does conductivity decrease with dilution? 1
(b) If mº of KCl is 150.0 S cm2 mol–1, calculate the degree of dissociation of 0.01 M KCl. 1
(c) If Rahul had used HCl instead to KCl then would you expect the m values to be more
or less than those per KCl for a given concentration. Justify. 2×1
Or, (c) Amit, a classmate of Rahul repeated the same experiment with CH3COOH solution
instead of KCl solution. Give one point that would be similar and one that would be
different in his observations as compared to Rahul.2×1
Section–E
Q.33. (a) (i) Why is boiling point of 1M NaCl solution more than that of 1M glucose solution?
(ii) A non-volatile solute ‘X’ (molar mass = 50 g mol–1) when dissolved in 78 g of benzene
reduced its vapour pressure to 90%. Calculate the mass of X dissolved in the solution.
(iii) Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding 10 g of MgCl2
to 200 g of water assuming MgCl2 is completely dissociated.
(Kb for Water = 0.512 K kg mol–1, Molar mass MgCl2 = 95 g mol–1) 1+2+2=5
Or, (b) (i) Why is the value of Van’t Hoff factor for ethanoic acid in benzene close to 0.5?
(ii) Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.32 × 10–2 g of
K2SO4 in 2L of solution at 25° C, assuming that K2SO4 is completely dissociated.
(R = 0.082 L atm K–1 mol–1, Molar mass K2SO4 = 174 g mol–1)
(iii) When 25.6 g of Sulphur was dissolved in 1000 g of benzene, the freezing point
lowered by 0.512 K. Calculate the formula of Sulphur (Sx).
(Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol–1, Atomic mass of Sulphur = 32 g mol–1) 1+2+2=5

Q.34. (a) (i) Write the reaction involved in Cannizaro’s reaction. 1+1+3=5
(ii) Why are the boiling point of aldehydes and ketones lower than that of corresponding
carboxylic acids?
(iii) An organic compound ‘A’ with molecular formula C5H8O2 is reduced to n-pentane
with hydrazine followed by heating with NaOH and Glycol. ‘A’ forms n dioxime
with hydroxylamine and gives a positive lodoform and Tollen’s test. Identify ‘A’
and give its reaction for lodoform and Tollen’s test.
Or, (b) (i) Give a chemical test to distinguish between ethanal acid and ethanoic acid.
(ii) Why is the -hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones are acidic in nature?
(iii) An organic compound ‘A’ with molecular formula C4H8O2 undergoes acid hydrolysis
to form two compounds ‘B’ and ‘C’. Oxidation of ‘C’ with acidified potassium
permanganate also produces ‘B’. Sodium salt of ‘B’ on heating with soda lime gives
methane.
(1) Identify ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’.
(2) Out of ‘B’ and ‘C’, which will have higher boiling point? Give reason. 1+1+3=5
Q.35. (a) Why is chemistry of actinoids complicated as compared
to lanthanoids? 1+2+2=5
(b) Complete the following reaction and justify that it is a
disproportionation reaction:
3MnO2– +
4 + 4H  ........ + ....... + 2H2O.
(c) The given graph shows the trends in melting points of
transition metals.
Explain the reason why Cr has highest melting point
and manganese (Mn) a lower melting point.

Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in Set I.
Q.3. Consider the following standard electrode potential values: 1
Fe3+(aq) + e–  Fe2+(aq), Eº = +0.77 V
MnO4–(aq) + 8H+ + 5e–  Mn2+(aq) + 4 H2O(l), Eº = +1.51 V
What is the cell potential for the redox reaction?
(a) –2.28 V (b) –0.74 V (c) +0.74 V (d) +2.28 V
Q.6. Which of the following ions has the electronic configuration 3d6?
(Atomic number: Mn = 25, Co = 27, Ni = 28) 1
(a) Ni3+ (b) Co3+ (c) Mn2+ (d) Mn3+
Q.7. Which of the following aqueous solution will have highest boiling point? 1
(a) 1.0 M KCl (b) 1.0 M K2SO4 (c) 2.0 M KCl (d) 2.0 M K2SO4
Q.9. Amides can be converted into amines by the reaction named 1
(a) Hoffmann degradation (b) Ammonolysis
(c) Carbylamine (d) Diazotisation
Q.10. Which of the following statements is not true about glucose? 1
(a) It is an aldohexose. (b) On heating with HI it forms n-hexane.
(c) It is present in pyranose form. (d) It gives 2, 4 DNP test.

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion
(A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion
(A).
Q.15. Assertion (A) : Vitamin C cannot be stored in our body.
Reason (R) : Vitamin C is fat soluble and is excreted from the body in urine. 1
Q.16. Assertion (A) : The half life of a reaction is the time in which the concentration of the reactant
is reduced to one half of its initial concentration.
Reason (R) : In first order kinetics when concentration of reactant is doubled, its half life is
doubled. 1
Q.17. Assertion (A) : Bromination of benzoic acid gives m-bromobenzoic acid.
Reason (R) : Carboxyl group increases the electron density at the meta position. 1
Q.18. Assertion (A) : EDTA is a hexadentate ligand.
Reason (R) : EDTA has 2 nitrogen and 4 oxygen donor atoms. 1
Q.22. Write equations for the following: 2×1=2
(a) Oxidation of chloroform by air and light.
(b) Reaction of chlorobenzene with CH3Cl/anhyd. AlCl3
Q.25. Give the reaction of glucose with acetic anhydride. Presence of which is confirmed by this
reaction? 2
Q.27. (a) On the basis of crystal field theory write the electronic configuration for d5 ion with a weak
ligand for which D0 < P.
(b) Explain [Fe(CN)6]3– is an inner orbital complex whereas [FeF6]3– is an outer orbital complex.
[Atomic number: Fe = 26] 1+2=3
(a) A transition element X has electronic configuration [Ar]4s23d3. Predict its likely oxidation
Q.35.
states.
(b) Complete the reaction mentioning all the products formed:
∆
2KMnO4  →
(c) Account for the following:
(i) In the 3d transition series, zinc has the lowest enthalpy of atomisation.
(ii) Cu+ ion is unstable in aqueous solution.
(iii) Actinoids show more number of oxidation states than lanthanoids. 1+1+3=5

Except for the following questions, all the remaining questions have been asked in Set I and Set II.
Q.3. Consider the following standard electrode potential values: 1
Sn2+(aq) + 2e–  Sn(s); Eº = –0.14 V
Fe3+(aq) + e–  Fe2+(aq); Eº = +0.77 V
What is the cell reaction and potential for the spontaneous reaction that occurs?
(a) 2 Fe2+(aq) + Sn2+(aq)  2 Fe3+(aq) + Sn(s); Eº = –0.91 V
(b) 2 Fe3+(aq) + Sn(s)  2 Fe2+(aq) + Sn2+(aq); Eº = +0.91 V

(c) 2 Fe2+(aq) + Sn2+(aq)  2 Fe3+(aq) + Sn(s); Eº = +0.91 V
(d) 2 Fe3+(aq) + Sn(s)  2 Fe2+(aq) + Sn2+(aq); Eº = +1.68 V
Q.6. The unit of molar conductivity is 1
(a) S cm–2 mol–1 (b) S cm2 mol–1
(c) S–1 cm2 mol–1 (d) S cm2 mol
Q.7. Out of the following 1.0 M aqueous solutions, which one will show largest freezing point
depression?1
(a) NaCl (b) Na2SO4 (c) C6H12O6 (d) Al2(SO4)3
Q.9. In the reaction 1
C6H5NH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH A + 3B + 3C the product A is
(a) C6H5NC (b) C6H5CN
(c) C6H5Cl (d) C6H5NHCH3
Q.10. b-pleated sheet structure in proteins refers to 1
(a) primary structure (b) secondary structure
(c) tertiary structure (d) quaternary structure
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Q.15. Assertion (A) : The backbone of DNA and RNA molecules is a chain consisting of heterocyclic
base, pentose sugar and phosphate group.
Reason (R) : Nucleotides and nucleosides mainly differ from each other in presence of
phosphate group. 1
Q.16. Assertion (A) : Order of reaction is applicable to elementary as well as complex reactions.
Reason (R) : For a complex reaction molecularity has no meaning. 1
Q.17. Assertion (A) : The final product in Aldol condensation is always , b-unsaturated carbonyl
compound.
Reason (R) , b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are stabilised due to conjugation. 1
:
Q.18. Assertion (A) : [Co(NH3)5 SO4] Cl gives a white precipitate with silver nitrate solution.
Reason (R) : The complex dissociates to give Cl– and SO42– ions. 1
Q.22. Why haloarenes are not reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction? Give two reasons.
2
Q.27. (a) On the basis of crystal field theory, write the electronic configuration for d4 with a strong
field ligand for which D0 > P.
(b) A solution of [Ni(H2O)6]2+ is green but a solution of [Ni(CO)4] is colourless. Explain.
[Atomic number: Ni = 28] 1+2=3
Q.35. (a) Write the number of unpaired electrons in Cr3+. [Atomic number of Cr = 24)
(b) Complete the reaction mentioning all the products formed:
Cr2O72– + 3H2S + 8H +
(c) Account for the following:
(i) Mn2+ is more stable than Fe2+ towards oxidation to +3 state.
(ii) Copper has exceptionally positive EºM2+/M value.
(iii) Eu2+ with electronic configuration [Xe]4f76s2 is a strong reducing agent. 1+1+3=5

Section–A

1. (c) All the 4 groups attached to C* are different.
2. (c) 2-Methylbutan-2-ol is a tertiary alcohol which doesn’t undergo oxidation.
3. (b) Since the E0 of Sn/Sn2+ is negative, hence it will undergo oxidation easily than Fe3+/
Fe2+ whose E0 is +0.77 V.
Eºcell = Eºcathode – Eºanode = 0.77 – (–0.14) = 0.77 + 0.14 = +0.91 V
4. (b) The net reaction for electrolysis of brine is as follows:
1 1
NaCl + H2O → Na+ + OH– + H + Cl2
2 2 2
5. (d) Due to variable oxidation states transition metals can form complexes which make
them a good catalyst.
6. (b)
6Cr—O bonds are equivalent in length.

7. (b) Total moles = 3
According to Raoult’s law
1 2
º =
PA = xA × PA × 45 = 15 torr ; PB = xB × PBº = × 30 = 20 torr
3 3
Expected pressure = 15 + 20 = 35 torr ; Actual pressure = 40 torr
∴ Actual pressure > Expected pressure
As It does not obey Raoult’s law, it shows positive deviation.
8. (a) LiAlH4 is not used for reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline as it is dangerous for the reaction.
9. (d) The value of molal elevation constant (Kb) is constant for a particular solvent. Thus, it
will be unchanged when molality of the dilute solution is doubled.
10. (a) Hydrolysis of sucrose takes place in presence of invertase enzyme, hence known as
inversion.
11. (b) As NO2 is a stronger electron withdrawing group than —Cl so it makes the acid
stronger with least pKa value.
12. (c) H2 – O2 Fuel cell
13. (c) The rate law for A + B  C + D is
Rate = K[A]p[B]q
The initial rate becomes
(Rate)0 = K[A]p [A]q
Comparing Experiment II and III, we get
(Rate)2 = K(3.0 × 10–2)p (4.0 × 10–2)q = 1.89 × 10–4...(i)
(Rate)3 = K(6.0 × 10–2)p (4.0 × 10–2)q = 7.56 × 10–4...(ii)

Dividing equation (ii) with equation (i)
(Rate)3 K(6.0 × 10−2 )p ( 4.0 × 10−2 )q 7.56 × 10−4
= =
(Rate)2 K( 3.0 × 10−2 )p ( 4.0 × 10−2 )q 1.89 × 10−4
⇒ (2)p = 4 ⇒ (2)p = (2)2 p=2
Thus order w.r.t. to A is 2.
Similarly, comparing Experiment (I) and (II), we get
(Rate)1 = K(3.0 × 10–2)p (2.0 × 10–2)q = 1.89 × 10–4...(iii)
(Rate)2 = K(3.0 × 10–2)p (4.0 × 10–2)q = 1.89 × 10–4...(iv)
Dividing equation (iv) with equation (iii)
K( 3.0 × 10−2 )p ( 4.0 × 10−2 )q 1.89 × 10−4
−2 p −2 q
=
K( 3.0 × 10 ) ( 2.0 × 10 ) 1.89 × 10−4
(2)q = 1 ⇒ 2q = 20 q=0
Thus order w.r.t. to B is zero.
14. (b) Ni2+ = 3d8 4s0
2 unpaired electrons
m= n(n + 2 ) BM m= 2( 2 + 2 ) = 8 = 2.82 BM
15. (c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
A tetrapeptide contains 4 amino acids linked by 3 peptide bonds.
16. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of the Assertion (A).
17. (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
Formic acid (HCOOH) does not contain -hydrogen atom for substitution by Cl atom.
—CH3 group of acetic acid causes +I effect on —COOH group which reduces its acidic
character.
18. (d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Trans–form does not show optical isomerism as the molecule has a plane of symmetry.
Section–B
19. (a) (i) Eºcell must be positive and DGº must be negative for a spontaneous redox reaction
occurring under standard conditions.
(ii) Faraday’s first law of electrolysis states that the amount of any substance
deposited or liberated at any electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of
electricity passed through the electrolyte. W = mass of the substance

 liberated or depossited
W = ZQ ...where 
Q = quantity
 Z = Proportionality constant
+ 
Or, (b) Fe(s)|Fe2+ (0.01 M) || H(1 M) |H2(g) (1 bar), Pt(s)
Given: Eºcell = 0.44V
The electrode reaction involves the following reaction:
Fe(s) → Fe2+ + 2e– (At anode)
2H (aq) + 2e + –   → H2(g) (At cathode)
Fe(s) + 2H+(aq) → Fe2+(aq) + H2(g) (Overall cell reaction)

Since the reaction involves 2 moles of e–’s
 n = 2.
Using Nernst Equation
0.059 [Fe2 + ] 0.059 [0.01]
ECell = EºCell – log + 2 ⇒ ECell= 0.44 – log
2 [H ] 2 (1)2
0.059 0.059
= 0.44 – (log 1 – log 100) = 0.44 – (0 – 2) = 0.44 + 0.059
2 2
 ECell = 0.499 V
20. The rate constant K increases with temperature as it becomes almost double for every
10º rise in temperature.
The activation energy is not affected by the change in temperature.
21. (a) NH+4 cannot act as a ligand because it is electron deficient group and is unable to
donate e– pair.
(b) The complex [Co[NH3]5 (NO2)]Cl2 contain 4 unpaired electrons which get paired after
ligand coordination, so the colour is due to charge transfer spectra.
The linkage isomer is [Co(NH3)5 (ONO)] Cl2.
IUPAC name. Pentaamminenitrito –(O)–Cobalt (III) chloride
22. The boiling point of o-dichlorobenzene is greater than the p-isomer due to its greater polar
nature but the melting point of p-dichlorobenzene is greater than o-isomer due to more
symmetric nature of p-isomer where it fits in crystal lattice better as compared to o-isomer.
As a result of this, intermolecular forces of attraction become stronger in para-isomer and
therefore greater energy is required to break its lattice and it melts at higher temperature.
23. (a) Phenol is more acidic than cyclohexanol because the conjugate base of phenol is
much more stable than conjugate base of cyclohexanol. Moreover the conjugate base
of phenol can delocalize the negative charge throughout the ring through resonance
and stabilize it effectively, whereas conjugate base of cyclohexanol has no resonance
structures to stabilize the charge and so is less stable.
Conjugate base of phenol (Phenoxide ion)
(b) Phenol reacts with neutral FeCl3 solution and gives violet colour solution whereas
cyclohexanol does not react with FeCl3 and doesn’t give any colour.
6C6H5OH + FeCl3 → [Fe(OC6H5)6]3– + 3H+ + 3Cl–
Phenol Iron-Phenol complex
(Violet)
24. (a) (i) Zwitter ion structure of sulphanilic acid:

(ii) The activating effect of —NH2 group can be controlled by protecting the—NH2
group by acetylation with acetic anhydride, then carrying out the desired
substitution followed by hydrolysis of the substituted amide to the substituted
amine. The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen of acetanilide interacts with
oxygen atom due to resonance.
Or

(b) (i) + CH3CHO + N2 + HCl
Ethanal
(ii) Conversion of Bromoethane to Propanamine:

25.
H
This reaction confirms the presence of carboxyl group (>c = 0) in glucose, where carboxyl

double bond gets cleared to form C—OH bond and C—CN bond but it does not confirm
whether it is an aldehyde or a keto group.
Section–C

26. (a) 2N2O5  4NO2 + O2
1 d[N2 O5 ] 1 d[NO2 ] d[O2 ]
Rate of reaction = − = =
2 dt 4 dt dt
1 d[N2 O5 ] 1
r = − 2 dt ⇒ r = − × 1.4 × 10–3 ms–1 = –0.7 × 10–3 ms–1
2
(b) For the first order reaction, time required for 99% completion
2.303 a
t½ = log
K a−x
1st case: a = 100%, x = 90% and (a – x) = 100 – 90 = 10%
2.303 100 2.303 2.303
t90% = log ∴ t90% =
K 10 = K log 10 K ...(i)
2nd case: a = 100%, x = 99% and (a – x) = 100 – 99 = 1%
2.303 100 2.303
t99% = log ⇒ t99% = K × 2 ...(ii)
K 1
Dividing equation (ii) by (i), we get
t99% 2.303 K
= ×2× =2
t90% K 2.303
t99% = 2t90% (Hence Proved)

27. (a) For d5 system with strong field ligand
t 52g eg 0
(b) In [Ni(CO)4]
Ni = 3d8 4s2 4p0 ⇒
Ni(CO)4
CO CO CO CO
Tetrahedral geometry and diamagnetic due to paired electrons.
In [Ni(CN)4]2–
Ni2+ = 3d8 4s0 4p0
Ni2+
[Ni(CN)4]2–
diamagnetic.
28. (a) Sandmeyer’s equation:
+ N2
(b) Secondary amines (CH3)2NH are more basic than tertiary amines (CH3)3N due to steric
hindrance of 3 bulky group in 3º amine which hinders the protonation at nitrogen
atom and hence reduces its basicity.
29. (a) Penta-acetate of glucose does not have a free —OH group at Cl and
therefore, cannot be converted to the open chain form to give —
CHO group, hence it does not form the oxime.
(b) Amino acids behave like salts due to the presence of both acidic and basic groups
in the same molecule. In aqueous solution, the carboxyl group can lose a proton, an
amino group can accept a proton and giving rise to a dipolar ion known as zwitter ion.

(c) Water soluble vitamins dissolve in water and are not stored by the body. Moreover,
they are eliminated from the body in the form of urine, so we require a continuous
supply of these vitamins in our diet.
(d) DNA has double helical structure, contains two strands which are held together by
hydrogen bonds between specific pairs of bases. Cytosine forms hydrogen bond with
guanine, while adenine forms H-bond with thymine. Thus, the sequence of bases in
one strand automatically determines that of the other. Hence, the 2 strands of DNA are
complementary to each other.
30. (a) (i) The C—O bond length in phenol is slightly less than that in methanol due to
partial double bond character of C—O bond because of the conjugation of lone
pair of electrons of oxygen with the aromatic ring.
(ii) n-butane < Ethoxyethane < Butanal < Butanol
(iii)
Or
H2 SO4

(b) (i) CH3CH2OH 
413K
→ CH3CH2—O—CH2CH3 + H2O
Mechanism:
• Ethyl alcohol gets protonated in the presence of H+.
• Nucleophilic attack by another molecule of ethanol with the elimination of a

molecule of water.

• Deprotonation of oxonium ion
(ii) Hydrocarbon-oxidation reaction:

Section–D
31. (a) In SN1 reaction, a carbocation intermediate is formed which is a planar molecule and
can lead to form d- and l- products. Hence racemisation occurs.

(b) Ethanol is less polar than water because in water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to an
oxygen while in ethanol, one hydrogen atom and one alkyl group are bonded to an oxygen.
(c) (i) CH3CH2—I (as –I is a better leaving group)
(ii) CH2—Cl (It is 1º alkyl halide)
Or, (c) (i) 1-Bromopentane < 2-Bromopentane < 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane
(ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane < 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane < 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane
32. (a) Conductivity decreases with dilution because the number of ions responsible for
carrying current decreases in a unit volume.
(b) Given: Λmº = 150.0 S cm2 mol–1
Concentration of KCl = 0.01 M
K
Molar conductivity, Λm = = 141 S cm2 mol–1
C
Λm 141
 = =
Λ ºm 150 = 0.94
(c) If Rahul had used HCl instead of KCl of same concentration then molar conductivity
Λm of HCl will be higher. Since smaller the cation, higher the molar conductivity. Here
H+ ions are smaller than K+ ions.
Or, (c) Similarity is for both KCl and CH3COOH, the molar conductivity Λm will increase with
dilution or decrease in concentration.
Difference in KCl being a strong electrolyte shows a linear relation between molar
conductivity and concentration, as it is completely ionised while CH3COOH will not
show linear relation due to its weak nature.
Section–E
33. (a) (i) Since NaCl is ionic and completely dissociates to give 2 ions per molecule which
is not possible in glucose. So NaCl requires more heat to break its strong crystal
lattice and thus have high boiling point. Moreover, both have same molality but
Van’t Hoff factor of NaCl is more than glucose.
(ii) Let p be the vapour pressure of pure benzene.
90
The vapour pressure of solution, p’ = p = 0.9 p.
100
Molar mass of solute, M = 50 g mol–1
Molar mass of benzene, m = 78 g mol–1
p − p′ Wm p − 0.9 p W × 78
∵ p =  =
Mw p 50 × 78
 50 (p – 0.9 p) = W × p  50 p – 45p = W × p
5p
 =W ∵ W = 5g of solute is required
p
(iii) Given: WA = 10 g, WB = 200 g, Kb = 0.512 K kg mol–1, MB = 95 g mol–1
WB × 1000
Using, DTb= iKb m ⇒ DTb = iKb M × W
B A
2
2Cl2–Cl

MgCl MgCl  Mg
 Mg 2+ + +
2 2
3 × 0.512 × 1000 × 10
\ DTb = = 0.80 K ...[Here i = 3
95 × 200

Or
33. (b) (i) Ethanoic acid undergoes association in benzene.
CH3COOH → (CH3COOH)2
Cα
C(1 – ) 2
Cα
Total number of moles = C(1 – ) + 2
C – 2 = C 1 
2
Cα
  
Observed no. of moles

Now, i = No. of moles without association
⇒ i =
 =
C 1

2 1
...[∵  = 1
C 2
\ i = 0.5
(ii) Given: Mass of K2SO4 = 174 g mol–1, w = 2.32 × 10–2 g = 0.0232 g
V = 2L, T = 25 + 273 = 298 K
K 2 SO4   2 K   SO24 
No. of ions produced, i = 3
Using, p = iCRT
0.0232 × 1 –3
=3× 174 × 2 × 0.0821 × 298 \ p = 4.89 × 10 atm
(iii) Given: WB = 25.6 g, WA = 1000 g, DTf = 0.512 K, Kf = 5.12 K kg mol–1
K f × WB × 1000 5.12 × 25.6 × 1000
Using, MB = ∆Tf × WA
= 0.512 × 1000
\ MB = 256 g mol–1
Now, molecular mass of Sx = x × 32
256
⇒ x =  x=8
32
 Formula of sulphur = S8
34. (a) (i) Cannizaro’s Reaction. Aldehydes which do not contain any -hydrogen atom
undergo self oxidation and reduction on treatment with conc. alkali to form
Carboxylic acid salt and alcohol.
HCHO + HCHO Conc. KOH
 → CH3OH + HCOOK+
Formaldehyde Methanol Potassium formate
(ii) The boiling point of aldehydes and ketones are lower than that of corresponding
carboxylic acids because of their polar nature due to which they have sufficient
intermolecular dipole-dipole interaction between the opposite ends of C = O
dipoles but this dipole-dipole interaction becomes weaker than intermolecular
H-bonding in carboxylic acids.

(iii) Here the compound A is .

The reagents hydrazine, NaOH and glycol used in Wolff-Kishner reduction to
form hydrocarbon.

Formation of dioxime:
Or
(b) (i) Distinction between ethanal and ethanoic acid:
Ethanal gives iodoform test whereas ethanoic acid does not.

CH3COOH + I2 + NaOH → No reaction

(ii) The -hydrogen atoms of aldehydes and ketones are slightly acidic in nature due
to strong electron withdrawing inductive (–I) effect of the carbonyl group. The
acidity is also due to resonance stabilization of the conjugate base. Due to –I effect
it withdraws electrons from the adjacent C—C bond which makes -carbon e–
deficient and it in turn withdraws e– from C—H bond. As a result, the electron
density in C—H bond decreases and -hydrogens are weakly held and therefore,
can easily be abstracted by strong base as:
(iii) (1) The organic compound ‘A’ is an ester CH3COOCH2CH3 (Ethyl ethanoate)
and undergoes esterification reaction in presence of dil. H2SO4.
dil. H SO
CH3COOCH2CH3 2
4
→ CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH
Ethyl ethanoate (A) Ethanoic acid (B) Ethanol (C)
[O]
CH3CH2OH 
K2 Cr2 O7 /H+
→ CH3COOH
Ethanol (C) Ethanoic acid (B)
(2) Out of ethanoic acid and ethanol, ethanol will have higher boiling point due
to intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

35. (a) Chemistry of actinoids is complicated as compared to lanthanoids due to its more
radioactive elements. They are present in small quantities and their half life is extremely
small. Moreover, they shows more variable oxidation states than lanthanoids and their
5f orbital is more exposed to outer environment while 4f orbital of lanthanoids are
deeply buried.
(b)
Manganate ion (MnO42–) is unstable in acidic solution and disproportionate to give

Permanganate (MnO4–) via oxidation and MnO2 by reduction.
(c) The highest melting point of Cr is attributed to the involvement of greater number of
unpaired electrons (d5) from 3d in addition to 4s electrons in interatomic bonding.
Therefore metallic bonding is maximum and has high melting point.
Mn has exceptionally low melting point due to stable half-filled 3d orbital which is more
tightly held by the nucleus. This reduces the de-localization of electrons resulting in weaker
metallic bonding due to low interatomic forces of attraction and is easier to break.

3. (c) MnO4– undergoes reduction due to its high positive electrode potential value than
Fe3+/Fe2+ system.
Eºcell = Eºcathode – Eºanode = 1.51 – (+0.77) = +0.74 V
6. (b) 27Co3+ = [Ar]3d6 4s0
7. (d) The elevation in boiling point is proportional to the number of ions in solution or on
Van’t Hoff factor.
We can compute the product of Van’t Hoff factor and the molality for the following:
(a) For 1.0 M KCl (b) For 1.0 M K2SO4
 K+ + Cl–&  i = 2 DTb = 1 × 3 = 3
 DTb = i × Kb × m (Kb = constant)
= 2 × 1 = 2
(c) For 2 M KCl (d) For 2 M K2SO4

DTb = 2 × 2 = 4 DTb = 2 × 3 = 6
As 2MK2 SO4 has the Highest value, so it has the highest boiling point.
9. (a) Hoffmann Degradation.
Amide
10. (d) It gives 2,4 DNP test.
Vitamin C is water soluble and is excreted from the body in the form of urine.
When initial concentration of a reactant in first order kinetic is doubled, its half life is
not affected as t½ is independent of the initial concentration of reactant.
0.693
 t½ = K
Carboxyl group is an electron withdrawing group and it decreases electron density at

‘O’ and ‘P’ position but not increase the e– density at ‘m’ position while it directs the
electrophile at (m) (meta position) due to its meta directing nature.
22. (a) Oxidation of chloroform by air and light:
2CHCl3 + O2 hυ → 2COCl2 + 2HCl
Chloroform Phosgene
(b) Friedel Craft’s alkylation:
anhyd.
25. Acetylation of glucose with acetic anhydride gives glucose pentaacetate which confirms the
presence of five —OH groups which are attached to different ‘C’ atoms.
27. (a) Electronic configuration for d5 with weak ligand.

t2g
t2g3eg2
(b) In [Fe(CN)6]3–, Hexacyanoferrate (III) ion, CN is a strong field ligand, so the pairing of
e– occurs and d2sp3 hybridization takes place and forms inner orbital complex.
Fe3+ = [Ar] 3d5 4s0 4p0

In [FeF6]3–, Hexafluoridoferrate (III) ion, F is a weak field ligand and no pairing of

electrons takes place, so sp3d2 hybridization occurs and forms outer orbital complex.
Fe3+ = [Ar] 3d5 4s0 4p0 4d0

35. (a) X = [Ar] 4s2 3d3
The atomic number is 23 and the element will be Vanadium. Its oxidation states are
+2, +3, +4 and +5.
(b)
On heating KMnO4 disproportionates into K2MnO4 and MnO2.

(c) (i) Zn has 3d104s2 configuration and does not have any unpaired electrons in its
atomic and ionic state. So the interatomic electronic bonding is the weakest in zinc
which contributes to its least enthalpy of atomisation in the 3d series.
(ii) Cu+ ion is unstable in aqueous solution because it undergoes disproportionation.
It gets oxidised into cupric ion and is reduced into copper metal. Although energy
is required to remove one electron from Cu+ to Cu2+, high hydration energy of
Cu2+ compensates it.
(iii) Actinoids show more number of oxidation states than lanthanoids because its
5f, 6d and 7s energy levels are of comparable energies and they all participate in
bonding. Moreover, poor shielding of 5f orbitals than 4f orbitals is also responsible
for this.

3. (b) Eº of Fe3+/Fe2+ has positive value due to which it undergoes reduction while Sn
undergoes oxidation. So their
Eºcell = Eºcathode – Eºanode
= 0.77 – (–0.14) = 0.77 + 0.14
∴ Eºcell = +0.91 V
2Fe3+ + Sn → 2Fe2+ + Sn2+
6. (b) S cm2 mol–1
7. (d) As Al2(SO4)3 (2Al3+ + 3SO2–4 ) ionizes to give total 5 number of ions than the others, so
will show largest freezing point depression.
9. (a) Carbylamine reaction forms phenyl isocyanide.
C6H5NH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH → C6H5NC + 3KCl + 3H2O
10. (b) Secondary Structure
Since a complex reaction proceeds through several steps and each step has its own
molecularity which may be different. So, molecularity of overall complex reaction is
meaningless. On the other hand, order of a complex reaction is determined by the
slowest step in its mechanism and is not meaningless even in the case of elementary
reactions.

[Co(NH3)5SO4]Cl → [Co(NH3)5SO4]+1 + Cl–
Cl– + AgNO3 → AgCl + Ag+
White ppt
22. Haloarenes are not reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction due to following
reasons:
(i) The e– pairs of halogen atom are in conjugation with the benzene ring through resonance
and C—Cl bond acquires a partial double character which makes its cleavage very
difficult for SN reaction.
(ii) The sp2 hybridised carbon of haloarene has greater s character and is more electro-
negative due to which it holds the e– pair more tightly which reduces its (C—X) bond
length and imparts its stability and hence the cleavage of bond becomes difficult.
27. (a) d4 with strong field ligand. Here pairing occurs
t2g
t2g4eg0
(b) [Ni(H2O)6]2+. Here H2O is a weak field ligand and does not pair up the unpaired
electrons. Hence due to d–d transition, red light is absorbed and complimentary green
light is emitted.
Ni2+ = [Ar] 3d8 4s0 4p0

In [Ni(CO)4], here CO is strong field ligand which causes pairing up of electrons leaving
no unpaired electrons for absorption of light and hence the complex is colourless.
Ni = [Ar] 3d8 4s2 4p0

[Ni(CO)4] 
3+ = [Ar] 3d3 4s0
35. (a) 24Cr

It has 3 unpaired electrons.
(b) Cr2 O72   3H2 S  8H   2 Cr3   3S  7 H2 O
(c) (i) 25Mn2+ = [Ar] 3d5 4s0; 2+
26Fe = [Ar] 3d 4s
6 0
Mn2+ is more stable due to half filled d-orbitals and does not get oxidised easily
while Fe2+ has 6 electrons in their 3d orbital, so they tend to lose one electron to
form Fe3+ through oxidation and get stable d5 configuration.
(ii) The EºM2+/M value for metal depends on atomization enthalpy, ionization enthalpy
and hydration enthalpy. Copper has a high value of atomisation enthalpy. and low
hydration enthalpy as a result of which, the overall E0M2+/M for Copper becomes
positive.
(iii) Eu2+ = [Xe] 4f7 6s2. In +2 oxidation state it has stable half filled f7 configuration but
to acquire stable common oxidation state it oxidises readily into Eu3+ and acts as a
strong reducing agent.

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S-2 ■ Shiv Das SENIOR SECONDARY SERIES (XII)

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For Visually Challenged Learners Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

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S-6 ■ Shiv Das SENIOR SECONDARY SERIES (XII)

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CHO + H3COC dil. NaOH

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S-8 ■ Shiv Das SENIOR SECONDARY SERIES (XII)

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Toluene Brown Chromium Complex Benzaldehyde

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CO,HCl conc. HNO3

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(CHOH)4 + H2NOH (CHOH)4

CH2OH Amine CH2OH

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Sn /HCl NaNO /HCl CrO Cl

NO2 NH2 N2Cl

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S-18  Shiv Das SENIOR SECONDARY SERIES (XII)

CO,HCl conc. HNO3

What is the order of this reaction? 1

sp3 hybridised orbitals of Ni ×× ×× ×× ××

62 5.50 10 1000 3410