Java Networking

• Java Networking is a concept of connecting

two or more computing devices together so
that we can share resources.
• Java socket programming provides facility to
share data between different computing
devices.
• Advantage of Java Networking
– sharing resources
– centralize software management
 Java Networking Terminology
• The widely used java networking
terminologies are given below:
• IP Address
• Protocol
• Port Number
• MAC Address
• Connection-oriented and connection-less
protocol
• Socket
1) IP Address
IP address is a unique number assigned to a node of a network e.g. 192.168.0.1
It is composed of octets that range from 0 to 255.
It is a logical address that can be changed.
2) Protocol
A protocol is a set of rules basically that is followed for communication.
For example:
– TCP
– FTP
– Telnet
– SMTP
– POP etc.
3) Port Number
The port number is used to uniquely identify different applications. It acts
as a communication endpoint between applications.
The port number is associated with the IP address for communication
between two applications.
4) MAC Address
MAC (Media Access Control) Address is a unique
identifier of NIC (Network Interface Controller). A
network node can have multiple NIC but each with
unique MAC.
5) Connection-oriented and connection-less protocol
In connection-oriented protocol, acknowledgement is
sent by the receiver. So it is reliable but slow. The
example of connection-oriented protocol is TCP.
But, in connection-less protocol, acknowledgement is
not sent by the receiver. So it is not reliable but fast.
The example of connection-less protocol is UDP.
6) Socket
A socket is an endpoint between two way
communication.
 Java Socket Programming
• Java Socket programming is used for
communication between the applications
running on different JRE.
• Java Socket programming can be connection-
oriented or connection-less.
• Socket and ServerSocket classes are used for
connection-oriented socket programming and
DatagramSocket and DatagramPacket classes
are used for connection-less socket
programming.
• The client in socket programming must know two
information:
– IP Address of Server, and
– Port number.
• Here, we are going to make one-way client and server
communication. In this application, client sends a
message to the server, server reads the message and
prints it. Here, two classes are being used: Socket and
ServerSocket. The Socket class is used to communicate
client and server. Through this class, we can read and
write message. The ServerSocket class is used at
server-side. The accept() method of ServerSocket class
blocks the console until the client is connected. After
the successful connection of client, it returns the
instance of Socket at server-side.
 Socket class
A socket is simply an endpoint for communications
between the machines. The Socket class can be
used to create a socket.
Important methods
1) public InputStream getInputStream()
returns the InputStream attached with this socket.
2) public OutputStream getOutputStream()
returns the OutputStream attached with this socket.
3) public synchronized void close()
closes this socket
 ServerSocket class
The ServerSocket class can be used to create a
server socket. This object is used to establish
communication with the clients.
Important methods
1) public Socket accept()
returns the socket and establish a connection
between server and client.
2) public synchronized void close()
closes the server socket.
 Example of Java Socket Programming
• Creating Server:
– To create the server application, we need to create the instance
of ServerSocket class. Here, we are using 6666 port number for
the communication between the client and server. You may also
choose any other port number. The accept() method waits for
the client. If clients connects with the given port number, it
returns an instance of Socket.
– ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(6666);
– Socket s=ss.accept();//establishes connection and waits for the c
lient
• Creating Client:
– To create the client application, we need to create the instance
of Socket class. Here, we need to pass the IP address or
hostname of the Server and a port number. Here, we are using
"localhost" because our server is running on same system.
– Socket s=new Socket("localhost",6666);
 File: MyServer.java
• import java.io.*;
• import java.net.*;
• public class MyServer {
• public static void main(String[] args){
• try{
• ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(6666);
• Socket s=ss.accept();//establishes connection
• DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
• String str=(String)dis.readUTF();
• System.out.println("message= "+str);
• ss.close();
• }catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
• }
• }
 File: MyClient.java
• import java.io.*;
• import java.net.*;
• public class MyClient {
• public static void main(String[] args) {
• try{
• Socket s=new Socket("localhost",6666);
• DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
• dout.writeUTF("Hello Server");
• dout.flush();
• dout.close();
• s.close();
• }catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
• }
• }
• To execute this program open two command prompts and execute each
program at each command prompt
• After running the client application, a message will be displayed on the
server console.