Introduction

ME403: Computer Aided
Manufacturing
Prof. (Dr.) Vinay J. Patel and Prof. Alpesh Damor
Course Objective
1. Impart the knowledge of CNC technology.
2. Outline the computer aided techniques used in manufacturing.
Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 2

Topics
1. Introduction to Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
2. NC/CNC machine Tools
3. Robot Technology
4. Group Technology and Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP)
5. Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS)
6. Integrated Production Management System

Reference Books
1. M. P. Groover, “Automation, Production System and CIM”, third
edition, Prentice Hall
2. T. C. Chang, “Computer Aided Manufacturing”, Person Education
3. N. K. Tiwari, P. N. Rao, T. K. Kundra, “Computer Aided
Manufacturing”, McGraw-Hill Eduction
4. P. M. Agrawal, V. J. Patel, “CNC fundamentals and programming”,
Charotar Pulishing House Pvt. Ltd.

Course Outcomes:
1. Outline Computer Aided Manufacturing.
2. Prepare part program for CNC machines to manufacture
geometrical features.
3. Apply the fundamental of robotics for manufacturing.
4. Design manufacturing process plan in the context of CAPP.
5. Apply part and/or product variation for manufacturing.
6. Identify application of PPC, JIT MRP, MRP II and expert system of
CAM.

Teaching and Assessment Scheme
Teaching Scheme Assessment Scheme
L T P C Theory Practical
ESE CE ESE CE Total
3 0 2 4 60 40 30 20 150

Continuous Evaluation (Practical)
• CNC programs simulation – 8 Marks
• Assignments on computer aided techniques/philosophy used in
manufacturing – 7 Marks
• Report – 5 Marks

Laboratory Facilities
• Cutviewer – Turn: CNC Turning Programming Simulator (10 Licenses)
• Cutviewer – Mill: CNC Milling Programming Simulator (10 Licenses)
• MIRAC PC – Table top CNC Turning Centre (FANUC Control)
• TRIAC PC – Table top CNC Machining Centre (FANUC Control)
• Retrofitted CNC Lathe
• Vertical Machining Centre (VMC)

CAM: Definition
• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of software to
control machine tools and related ones in the manufacturing of
workpieces.
• CAM may also refer to the use of a computer to assist in all
operations of a manufacturing plant, including planning,
management, transportation and storage.

Concepts and Overview
• Create a faster production process and components and tooling with
more precise dimensions and material consistency,
• CAM is a subsequent computer-aided process after computer-aided
design (CAD) and sometimes computer-aided engineering (CAE).
• Traditionally, CAM has been considered as a numerical control (NC)
programming tool, where in two-dimensional (2-D) or three-
dimensional (3-D) models of components generated in CAD.
• CAM, in fact, leverages both the value of the most skilled
manufacturing professionals through advanced productivity tools,
while building the skills of new professionals through visualization,
simulation and optimization tools.
General Trends in Manufacturing
• Maximum metal removal rate with optimum cutting parameters -
speed, feed, and depth of cut (DOC)
• Single setup for rough and finish machining - Machines to withstand
heavy roughing cuts on raw stock and also allow the precision
finishing operation in the same setup.
• Reduction in number of work stations for part production - carry out
all machining operations on a part on a single machine tool in
one/two loading. Reduction of all non-cutting times to minimum level
• Improved accuracy of traditional roughing process - turning to replace
grinding, or improved drilling to eliminate reaming.
• Quick-change systems for tooling: tools, jigs and fixtures
• 24x7 working because of increasing cost of capital investment
• Just-in-time production for minimum inventory cost, reduced
manufacturing lead time, better delivery performance, lesser space
requirement with improved delivered quality.
• Minimum setup changes for better machine utilization even for
processing of multiple parts.
• Built-in better process capability eliminating inspection and to meet
demanding accuracy of parts

• Optimum automation level in loading/unloading, tool change, and
inspection, to eliminate or reduce human influence
• With improved capability of manufacturing, parts are becoming
complex - reduces number of parts in assembly and to ensure built-in
quality
• With high speed machining system, bulk machining to produce
component from raw material such as billet

Major objectives
• low-volume and large-variety, even in high volume production
industry to face global competition.
• Flexibility to use the same facility for the minor or major model
changes that come in effective life span of the equipment

• As a process, CAM is used after Computer-aided Design (CAD) or
Computer-aided Engineering (CAE). The model designed using CAD is
sometimes used as the CAM input. This is why it is referred as CAD-
CAM. The functions of this combination software is divided into two
main categories:
• Manufacturing Planning
• Manufacturing Control

Manufacturing Planning
• Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP)
• Computer Assisted NC Part Programming
• Computerized Machinability Data System
• Work Standards Development
• Inventory and Production Planning

Manufacturing Control
• Shop Floor Controlling
• Process Monitoring and Controlling
• Inventory Controlling
• Production Delivery Controlling

Benefits of CAD-CAM
• Improves Machining Capabilities: The CAM system automates the process, and makes it easier for
manufacturers to complete the project in time. e. g. tool-path generation of 3-axis machining.
• Improves Client Accessibility: The CAD-CAM software allows manufacturers to receive CAD files from
their customers.
• Helps Improve Productivity of CNC Machines: Most CAM-CAD systems provide high–speed machine
tool paths, which help manufacturers minimize their cycle times, reduce tool and machine wear. High-
speed tool paths enable manufacturers to improve their cutting quality and accuracy.
• Helps Reduce Material Wastage: As CAM–CAD software feature simulation features, it helps a
manufacturer to visually inspect the process of machining. This allows him to capture tool gouges, and
collisions at an early phase. This feature contributes to the overall productivity of a manufacturing set
up. This also helps them eliminate mistakes, as well as reduce material wastage.
Fixed automation or Hard automation
 Production lines are designed to produce a standardized product, such as
engine blocks, valves, gears, and spindle
 Machine tools are specialized. They lack flexibility and cannot be
modified to any significant extent so as to produce different shapes and
dimensions
 Needs high initial investment because the specialized equipment is
expensive to design and construct
 High investment requires mass production of parts and high production
rates
 manufacturing cost per piece is lower than other alternative methods of
production

Programmable Automation
 Greater flexibility is achieved through computer control of the
machines
• Computer controlled machines (CNC machines) are general-purpose
machines but need high initial investment
• production equipment has the flexibility to change the sequence of
operations to accommodate a specific type of product
• sequence of operations is controlled by a program
• machine can be easily and readily reprogrammed to produce a part
that has a different shape or dimension than the one just produced
 Production rate is lower as compared with the fixed automation.
 Most suitable for low- and medium-volume batch production.

Flexible automation
 An extension of programmable automation designed to
manufacture a variety of products or parts
 virtually no time lost for changeover from one part type to another
while programming the system and altering the physical setup
(toolings, fixtures, machine settings
• the parts being produced must have similarity so that the amount of
changes required between different parts is minimal
 High initial investment for the specially designed system
 Continuous production of variety of products as per demand
 Low production rates

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ME403: Computer Aided

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 2

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 3

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 4

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 5

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 6

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 7

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 8

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 9

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 12

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 13

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 14

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 15

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 16

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 17

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 19

Prof. (Dr.) V. J. Patel and Prof. A. B, Damor 20

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