B.SC Part II ExamCode 05

MATHEMATICS
There shall be three compulsory papers. Each paper of 50 marks is divided into five units and
each unit carry equal marks.
B.Sc. Part-II
Paper-I
ADVANCED CALCULUS
UNIT-I Definition of a sequence. Theorems on limits of sequences. Bounded and monotonic sequences.
Cauchy’s convergence criterion. Series of non-negative terms. Comparison tests, Cauchy's
integral test, Ratio tests, Raabe's, Logarithmic, De Morgan and Bertrand's tests. Alternating series,
Leibnitz's theorem. Absolute and conditional convergence.
UNIT-II Continuity, Sequential continuity, Properties of continuous functions, Uniform continuity, Chain
rule of differentiability, Mean value theorems and their geometrical interpretations. Darboux's
intermediate value theorem for derivatives, Taylor's theorem with various forms of remainders.
UNIT-III Limit and continuity of functions of two variables. Partial differentiation. Change of variables.
Euler's theorem on homogeneous functions. Taylor's theorem for functions of two variables.
Jacobians.
UNIT-IV Envelopes, evolutes. Maxima, minima and saddle points of functions of two variables. Lagrange's
multiplier method.
UNIT-V Beta and Gamma functions, Double and triple integrals, Dirichlet's integrals, Change of order of
integration in double integrals.
REFERENCES :
1. Gabriel Klaumber, Mathematical Analysis, Marcel Dekkar, Inc. New York, 1975.
2. T.M. Apostol, Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1985.
3. R.R. Goldberg, Real Analysis, Oxford & I.B.H. Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1970.
4. D. Soma Sundaram and B. Choudhary, A First Course in Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi, 1997.
5. P.K. Jain and S.K. Kaushik, An introduction to Real Analysis, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2000.
6. Gorakh Prasad, Differential Calculus, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad.
7. Murray R. Spiegel, Theory and Problems of Advanced Calculus, Schaum Publishing Co., New York.
8. Gorakh Prasad, Integral Calculus, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad.
9. S.C. Malik, Mathematical Analysis, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
10. O.E. Stanaitis, An Introduction to Sequences, Series and Improper Integrals, Holden-Dey, Inc., San
Francisco, California.
11. Earl D. Rainville, Infinite Series, The Macmillan Company, New York.
12. Chandrika Prasad, Text Book on Algebra and Theory of Equations, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad.
13. N. Piskunov, Differential and Integral Calculus, Peace Publishers, Moscow.
14. Shanti Narayan, A Course of Mathematical Analysis, S.Chand and Company, New Delhi.
B.Sc. Part-II
Paper-II
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
UNIT-I Series solutions of differential equations- Power series method, Bessel and Legendre functions and
their properties-convergence, recurrence and generating relations, Orthogonality of functions,
Sturm-Liouville problem, Orthogonality of eigen-functions, Reality of eigen values, Orthogonality
of Bessel functions and Legendre polynomials.
UNIT-II Laplace Transformation- Linearity of the Laplace transformation, Existence theorem for Laplace
transforms, Laplace transforms of derivatives and integrals, Shifting theorems. Differentiation and
integration of transforms. Convolution theorem. Solution of integral equations and systems of
differential equations using the Laplace transformation.
UNIT-III Partial differential equations of the first order. Lagrange's solution, Some special types of equations
which can be solved easily by methods other than the general method, Charpit's general method of
solution.
UNIT-IV Partial differential equations of second and higher orders, Classification of linear partial differential
equations of second order, Homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations with constant
coefficients, Partial differential equations reducible to equations with constant coefficients, Monge's
methods.
UNIT-V Calculus of Variations- Variational problems with fixed boundaries- Euler's equation for functionals
containing first order derivative and one independent variable, Extemals, Functionals dependent on
higher order derivatives, Functionals dependent on more than one independent variable, Variational
problems in parametric form, invariance of Euler's equation under coordinates transformation.
Variational Problems with Moving Boundaries- Functionals dependent on one and two functions,
One sided variations.
Sufficient conditions for an Extremum- Jacobi and Legendre conditions, Second Variation.
Variational principle of least action.
REFERENCES :
1. Erwin Kreysizig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1999.
2. D.A. Murray, Introductory Course on Differential Equations, Orient Longman, (India), 1967.
3. A.R. Forsyth, A Treatise on Differential Equations, Macmillan and Co. Ltd., London.
4. Lan N. Sneddon, Elements of Partial Differential Equations, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1988.
5. Francis B. Hilderbrand, Advanced Calculus for Applications, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
1977.
6. Jane Cronin, Differential equations, Marcel Dekkar, 1994.
7. Frank Ayres, Theory and Problems of Differential Equations, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1972.
8. Richard Bronson, Theory and Problems of Differential Equations, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1973.
9. A.S. Gupta, Calculus of variations with-Applications, Prentice-Hall of India, 1997.
10. R. Courant and D. Hilbert, Methods of Mathematical Physics, Vots. I & II, Wiley-Interscience, 1953.
11. I.M. Gelfand and S.V. Fomin, Calculus of Variations, Prentice-Hill, Englewood Cliffs (New Jersey), 1963.
12. A.M. Arthurs, Complementary Variational Principles, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1970.
13. V. Kornkov, Variational Principles of Continuum Mechanics with Engineering Applications, Vol. I, Reidel
Publ. : Dordrecht, Holland, 1985.
14. T. Oden and J.N. Reddy, Variational Methods in Theoretical Mechanics, Springer-Verlag, 1976.
B.Sc. Part-II
Paper-III
MECHANICS
STATICS
UNIT-I Analytical conditions of Equilibrium, Stable and unstable equilibrium. Virtual work, Catenary.
UNIT-II Forces in three dimensions, Poinsot's central axis, Null lines and planes.
DYNAMICS
UNIT-III Simple harmonic motion. Elastic strings. Velocities and accelerations along radial and transverse
directions, Projectile, Central orbits.
UNIT-IV Kepler's laws of motion, velocities and acceleration in tangential and normal directions, motion on
smooth and rough plane curves.
UNIT-V Motion in a resisting medium, motion of particles of varying mass, motion of a particle in three
dimensions, acceleration in terms of different co-ordinate systems.
REFERENCES :
1. S.L. Loney, Statics, Macmillan and Company, London.
2. R.S. Verma, A Text Book on Statics, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd., Allahabad.
3. S.L. Loney, An Elementary Treatise on the Dynamics of a particle and of rigid bodies, Cambridge
University Press, 1956.
NEW CURRICULUM OF B.Sc. PART II
CHEMISTRY
The new curriculum will comprise of three papers of 33, 33 and 34 marks each and practical
work of 50 marks. The Curriculum is to be completed in 180 working days as per UGC norms
and conforming to the directives of Govt. of Chhattisgarh. The theory papers are of 60 hrs. each
duration and practical work of 180 hrs duration.
Paper – I
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 60 Hrs., Max Marks 33
UNIT-I
CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION SERIES ELEMENTS
Transition Elements: Position in periodic table, electronic configuration, General Characteristics,
viz., atomic and ionic radii, variable oxidation states, ability to form complexes, formation of
coloured ions, magnetic moment µso (spin only) and µeff and catalytic behaviour. General
comparative treatment of 4d and 5d elements with their 3d analogues with respect to ionic radii,
oxidation states and magnetic properties.
UNIT-II
A. Oxidation and Reduction: Redox potential, electrochemical series and its applications,
Principles involved in extraction of the elements.
B. COORDINATION COMPOUNDS: Werner’s theory and its experimental verification,
IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination compounds.
Stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers. Chelates, polynuclear
complexes.
UNIT-III
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
Valence bond theory (inner and outer orbital complexes), electroneutrality principle and back
bonding. Crystal field theory, Crystal field splitting and stabilization energy, measurement of 10
Dq (Δo), CFSE in weak and strong fields, pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude of 10
Dq (Δo, Δt). Octahedral vs. tetrahedral coordination.
UNIT-IV
A. CHEMISTRY OF LANTHANIDE ELEMENTS
Electronic structure, oxidation states and ionic radii and lanthanide contraction, complex
formation, occurrence and isolation, lanthanide compounds.
B. CHEMISTRY OF ACTINIDES
General features and chemistry of actinides, chemistry of separation of Np, Pu and Am from
uranium, similarities between the later actinides and the later lanthanides
UNIT-V
A. ACIDS BASES : Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, conjugate acids and bases, relative strengths of
acids and bases, the Lux-flood, solvent system and Lewis concepts of acids and bases.
B. NON-AQUEOUS SOLVENTS
.Physical properties of a solvent, types of solvents and their general characteristics, reaction in
non-aqueous solvents with reference to liquid ammonia and liquid sulphur dioxide, HF, H2SO4 ,
Ionic liquids.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson and P. L. Gaus, Wiley

2. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, J. D. Lee, ELBS
3. Concepts of Models of Inorganic Chemistry, B. Douglas, D. Mc Daniel and J. Alexander,
John Wiley.
4. Inorganic Chemistry, D. E. Shriver, P. W. Atkins and C. H. Langford, Oxford.
5. Inorganic Chemistry, W. W. Porterfield, Addison – Wiley.
6. Inorganic Chemistry, A. G. Sharp, ELBS.
7. Inorganic Chemistry, G. L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr, Prentice Hall.
8. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Satya Prakash.
9. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Agarwal and Agarwal
10. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Puri, Sharma, S. Naginchand
11. Inorganic Chemistry, Madan, S. Chand
12. Aadhunik Akarbanic Rasayan, A. K. Shrivastav & P. C. Jain, Goel Pub
13. Uchchattar Akarbanic Rasayan, satya Prakash & G. D. Tuli, Shyamal Prakashan
14. Uchchattar Akarbanic Rasayan, Puri & Sharma
15. Selected topic in Inorganic Chemistry by Madan Malik & Tuli, S. Chand.
Paper – II
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 60 Hrs., Max Marks 33
UNIT-I
CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC HALIDES

Alkyl halides: Methods of preparation, nucleophilic substitution reactions – SN1, SN2 and SNi
mechanisms with stereochemical aspects and effect of solvent etc.; nucleophilic substitution, elimination
reactions.
Aryl halides: Preparation, including preparation from diazonium salts, Nucleophilic Aromatic
Substitution; SNAr, Benzyne mechanism. Relative reactivity of alkyl, allyl/benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides
towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.
UNIT-II
ALCOHOLS
A. Alcohols: Nomenclature, preparation, properties and relative reactivity of 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols,
Bouvaelt-Blanc Reduction for the preparation of alcohols, Dihydric alcohols – methods of
formation, chemical reactions of vicinal glycols, oxidative cleavage [Pb(OAc)4 and HIO4] and
pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement.
B. Trihydric alcohols - Nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions of glycerol.
PHENOLS
A. Structure and bonding in phenols, physical properties and acidic character, Comparative acidic
strength of alcohols and phenols, acylation and carboxylation.
B. Mechanism of Fries rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement, Gatterman synthesis, Hauben-Hoesh
reaction, Lederer-Manasse reaction and Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
UNIT-III
ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
A. Nomenclature, structure and reactivity of carbonyl group. General methods of preparation of
aldehydes and ketones.
Mechanism of nucleophilic addition to carbonyl groups: Benzoin, Aldol, Perkin and Knoevenagel
condensation. Condensation with ammonia and its derivatives, Wittig reaction, Mannich reaction,
Beckmann and Benzil- Benzilic rearrangement.
B. Use of acetate as protecting group, Oxidation of aldehydes, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones,
Cannizzaro reaction, MPV, Clemmensen reduction, Wolf-Kishner reaction, LiAlH4 and NaBH4
reduction. Halogenation of enolizable ketones, An introduction to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and
ketones.
UNIT-IV
A. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Preparation, Structure and bonding, Physical and chemical properties including, acidity of
carboxylic acids, effects of substituents on acid strength, Hell-Volhard Zeilinsky reaction.
Reduction of carboxylic groups, Mechanism of decarboxylation.
Di carboxylic acids: Methods of formation and effect of heat and dehydrating agents, Hydroxyacids.
B. CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES
Structure of acid chlorides, esters, amides and acid anhydrides, Relative stability of acyl derivatives.
Physical properties, inter-conversion of acid derivatives by nucleophilic acyl substitution.
Mechanism of acid and base catalyzed esterification and hydrolysis.
UNIT-V
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF NITROGEN
A. Preparation of nitroalkanes and nitroarenes. Chemical reactions of nitroalkanes. Mechanism of
nucleophilic substitution in nitroarenes and their reduction in acidic, neutral and alkaline medium.
B. Reactivity, structure and nomenclature of amines, physical properties. Stereochemistry of amines.
Separation of mixture of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Structural features affecting
basicity of amines. Preparation of alkyl and aryl amines (reduction of nitro compounds and nitriles),
reductive amination of aldehydic and ketonic compounds. Gabriel-Phthalimide reaction, Hofmann-
Bromamide reaction, Reactions of amines, electrophilic aromatic substitution of aryl amines,
Reaction of amines with nitrous acid. Synthetic transformations of aryl diazonium salts, Azo
coupling.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Organic Chemistry, Morrison and Boyd, Prentice-Hall.

2. Organic Chemistry, L. G. Wade Jr. Prentice Hall.
3. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, Solomons, John Wiley.
4. Organic Chemistry, Vol I, II, III S. M. Mukherjee, S. P. Singh and R. P. Kapoor, Wiley
Easters (New Age).
5. Organic Chemistry, F. A. Carey, McGraw Hill.
6. Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Struiweisser, Heathcock and Kosover, Macmillan.
7. Organic Chemistry, P. L. Soni.
8. Organic Chemistry, Bahl and Bahl.
9. Organic Chemistry, Joginder Singh.
10. Carbanic Rasayan, Bahl and Bahl.
11. Carbanic Rasayan, R. N. Singh, S. M. I. Gupta, M. M. Bakidia & S. K. Wadhwa.
12. Carbanic Rasayan, Joginder Singh.
Paper – III
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 60 Hrs., Max Marks 34
UNIT-I
A. THERMODYNAMICS-I
Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions; isolated, closed and open
systems; Zeroth law of thermodynamics. First law: Concept of heat, work, internal energy
and statement of first law; enthalpy, Relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w,
U and H for reversible, irreversible and free expansion of gases under isothermal and
adiabatic conditions. Joule-Thompson expansion, inversion temperature of gases, expansion
of ideal gases under isothermal and adiabatic condition
B. THERMO CHEMISTRY
Thermochemistry, Laws of Thermochemistry, Heats of reactions, standard states; enthalpy
of formation of molecules and ions and enthalpy of combustion and its applications;
calculation of bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from
thermochemical data, effect of temperature (Kirchhoff’s equations) and pressure on enthalpy
of reactions, Adiabatic flame temperature, explosion temperature.
UNIT-II
A. THERMODYNAMICS-II
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Spontaneous process, Second law, Statement of Carnot
cycle and efficiency of heat engine, Carnot’s theorem, thermodynamic state of temperature.
Concept of entropy: Entropy change in a reversible and irreversible process, entropy change
in isothermal reversible expansion of an ideal gas, entropy change in isothermal mixing of
ideal gases, physical signification of entropy, Molecular and statistical interpretation of
entropy.
B. Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy, variation of G and A with pressure, volume, temperature,
Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Maxwell relations, Elementary idea of Third law of
Thermodynamics, concept of residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of molecule.
UNIT III
A CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
Criteria of thermodynamic equilibrium, degree of advancement of reaction, chemical
equilibria in ideal gases. Concept of Fugacity, Thermodynamic derivation of relation
between Gibbs free energy of reaction and reaction quotient. Coupling of exergonic and
endergonic reactions. Equilibrium constants and their quantitative dependence on
temperature, pressure and concentration. Thermodynamic derivation of relations between
the various equilibrium constants Kp, Kc and Kx. Le Chatelier principle (quantitative
treatment). Equilibrium between ideal gas and a pure condensed phase.
B IONIC EQUILIBRIA
Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect; dissociation constants of
mono protic acids (exact treatment). Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant,
degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions; derivation of Henderson
equation and its applications. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts –
applications of solubility product principle.
UNIT-IV
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
A. Phase rule, Phase, component and degree of freedom, derivation of Gibbs phase rule,
Clausius-Claperon equation and its applications to Solid-Liquid, Liquid-Vapor and solid-
Vapor, limitation of phase rule, applications of phase rule to one component system: Water
system and sulphur system.
Application of phase rule to two component system: Pb-Ag system, desilverization of lead,
Zn-Mg system Ferric chloride-water system, congruent and incongruent, melting point and
eutectic point.
Three component system: Solid solution liquid pairs.
B. Nernst distribution law, Henry’s law, application, solvent extraction
UNIT V
PHOTOCHEMISTRY
Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, Interaction of radiation with matter, difference
between thermal and photochemical processes, Lambert-Beer’s law and its limitations, physical
significance of absorption coefficients. Laws of photochemistry: Grothus-Drapper law, Stark-
Einstein law, quantum yield, actinometry, examples of low and high quantum yields,
Photochemical equilibrium and the differential rate of photochemical reactions, Quenching, Role
of photochemical reaction in biochemical process.
Jablonski diagram depicting various process occurring in the excited state, qualitative description
of fluorescence, phosphorescence, non-radiative processes (internal conversion, intersystem
crossing), photosensitized reactions, energy transfer processes {simple examples),
photostationary states, Chemiluminescence.
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Physical Chemistry, G. M. Barrow, International student edition, McGraw Hill.

2. University General Chemistry, C. N. R. Rao, Macmillan.
3. Physical Chemistry, R. A. Alberty, Wiley Eastern.
4. The elements of physical chemistry, Wiley Eastern.
5. Physical Chemistry through problems, S. K. Dogra & S. Dogra, Wiley Eastern.
6. Physical Chemistry, B. D. Khosla,.
7. Physical Chemistry, Puri & Sharma.
8. Bhautik Rasayan, Puri, Sharma and Pathania, Vishal Publishing Company.
9. Bhautik Rasayan, P. L. Soni.
10. Bhautik Rasayan, Bahl and Tuli.
11. Physical Chemistry, R. L. Kapoor, Vol I-IV .
12. Chemical kinetics, K. J. Laidler, Pearson Educations, New Delhi (2004).
Paper –IV
LABORATORY COURSE
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Qualitative semimicro analysis of mixtures containing 5 radicals. Emphasis should be given to
the understanding of the chemistry of different reactions. The following radicals are suggested:
CO32-, NO2- , S2-, SO32-,S2O32-, CH3COO-, F- ,Cl- , Br- , I- , NO3- , BO33-, C2O42-, PO43-, NH4+ ,
K+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Bi3+, Sn2+, Sb3+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+,
Mg2+.
Mixtures should preferably contain one interfering anion, or insoluble component (BaSO4,
SrSO4, PbSO4, CaF2 or Al2O3) or combination of anions e.g. CO32- and SO32-, NO2- and NO3-,
Cl-, Br-, and I-.
Volumetric analysis
(a) Determination of acetic acid in commercial vinegar using NaOH.

(b) Determination of alkali content-antacid tablet using HCl.
(c) Estimation of calcium content in chalk as calcium oxalate by permanganometry.
(d) Estimation of hardness of water by EDTA.
(e) Estimation of ferrous & ferric by dichromate method.
(f) Estimation of copper using thiosulphate.
 Principles involved in chromatographic separations. Paper chromatographic separation of
following metal ions: i. Ni (II) and Co (II) ii. Fe (III) and Al (III)
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
 Detection of elements (X, N, S).

 Qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds containing simple functional groups
(alcohols, carboxylic acids, phenols, nitro, amine, amide, and carbonyl compounds,
carbohydrates)
 Preparation of Organic Compounds:
(i) m-dinitrobenzene, (ii) Acetanilide, (iii) Bromo/Nitro-acetanilide, (iv) Oxidation of
primary alcohols-Benzoic acid from benzylacohol, (v) azo dye.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Transition Temperature
 Determination of the transition temperature of the given substance by thermometric/
dialometric method (e.g. MnCl2.4H2O/SrBr2.2H2O).
Thermochemistry
 Determination of heat capacity of a calorimeter for different volumes using change of

enthalpy data of a known system (method of back calculation of heat capacity of
calorimeter from known enthalpy of solution or enthalpy of neutralization).
 Determination of heat capacity of the calorimeter and enthalpy of neutralization of
hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.
 To determine the solubility of benzoic acid at different temperature and to determine ∆H
of the dissolution process.
 To determine the enthalpy of neutralization of a weak acid/ weak base versus strong base/
strong acid and determine the enthalpy of ionization of the weak acid/ weak base.
 To determine the enthalpy of solution of solid calcium chloride and calculate the lattice
energy of calcium chloride from its enthalpy data using Born Haber cycle.
Phase Equilibrium
 To study the effect of a solute (e.g. NaCl, Succinic acid) on the critical solution
temperature of two partially miscible liquids (e.g. phenol-water system) and to determine
the concentration of that solute in the given phenol-water system.
 To construct the phase diagram of two component system (e.g. diphenylamine–
benzophenone) by cooling curve method.
 Distribution of acetic/ benzoic acid between water and cyclohexane.
 Study the equilibrium of at least one of the following reactions by the distribution
method:
(i) I2(aq) + I- → I-3 (aq)2+
(ii) Cu2+(aq) + nNH3 → Cu(NH3)n
Molecular Weight Determination
Determination of molecular weight by Rast Camphor and Landsburger method.
Note: Experiments may be added/ deleted subject to availability of time and facilities.
Reference Books
1. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education (2009)
2. Furniss, B.S., Hannaford, A.J., Smith, P.W.G. & Tatchell, A.R. Practical Organic
Chemistry, 5th Ed. Pearson (2012)
3. Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry:
Preparation and Quantitative Analysis, University Press (2000). 22
4. Ahluwalia, V.K. & Dhingra, S. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry: Qualitative
Analysis, University Press (2000).
5. Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand &
Co.: New Delhi (2011). Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments
in Physical Chemistry 8th Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003).
6. Halpern, A. M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed.; W.H.
Freeman & Co.: New York
Hrs.5 PRACTICAL EXAMINATION M.M.50
Three Experiments are to be performed.

1. Inorganic – Qualitative semimicro analysis of mixtures. 12 marks
OR
One experiment from synthesis and analysis by preparing the standard solution.
2. (a) Identification of the given organic compound & determine its M.Pt./B.Pt.
6 marks
(b) Determination of Rf value and identification of organic compounds by paper
chromatography. 6 marks
3. Any one physical experiment that can be completed in two hours including
calculations.
12 marks
4. Viva 10 marks
5. Sessional 04 marks
In case of Ex-Students one marks will be added to each of the experiment.
Page -4
MICROBIOLOGY
BSc-2nd
Paper- I: Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering

UNIT-1: FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
History and scope of molecular biology, concept and mechanism of heredity. DNA as genetic material- experimental evidences. DNA
replication- mechanism, process and enzymes/proteins involved in replication.
UNIT-2: CENTRAL DOGMA OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Transcription- initiation, elongation, termination, RNA polymerases and sigma factor. Transcription inhibitors (antibiotics, drugs).
Translation- initiation, elongation and termination. Factors involved in translation. Genetic code.
UNIT-3: MUTATION AND DNA REPAIR MECHANISM
Introduction and Types of Gene mutations- Base substitution, frame shift mutation (insertion, deletion, miss-sense, nonsense mutation.)
mutagens – physical and chemical. Reverse mutation in bacteria. DNA repair mechanism (mismatch repair, photo-reactivation,
excision and SOS repair). Beneficial and harmful effect of mutation.
UNIT-4: GENE REGULATION
Concept of gene- Cistron, Recon, Muton. Operon Concept- lac Operon, tryptophan Operon, His Operon. Activator, Co-activator and
Repressor. Introduction to Bioinformatics- Elementary genome Database.
UNIT-5: GENETIC ENGINEERING
Basic concept of Genetic Engineering, DNA modifying enzymes Restriction endonuclease, DNA ligase, terminal transferase. Vectors-
pBR322, pUC19, BAC and YAC. Phage based vectors, expression of vector. Transformation – physical and chemical method.
Bacterial Host. Screening of recombinant vector Blue white Screening, Colony Hybridization.
Text Books Recommended:

1. Gene Cloning by T.A. Brown.
2. General Microbiology by Power and Daganiwala.
3. Zinssers Microbiology by KJ Wolfgang, McGraw- HJill Company.
4. Microbial Genetics by RM Stanley, F David and EC John.
5. Bacteriological Techniques by FJ Baker.
6. .Molecular Biology of the Cell; 3rd Edition; Bruce Alberts ,et.al; Garland Publishing.
7. Cell biology; C.B. Powar; Himalaya Publishing House; Fifth edition
8. Cell & Molecular Biology; Gerald Karp; Fourth edition
9. A Textbook of Microbiology; Dubey&Maheshwari; S.chand& Sons.
10. Cell biology & Genetics; P. K. Gupta
11. Introduction to Bioinformatics; T K Atwood and D J Parry-Smith; Pearson Education Ltd
Page -5
Paper- II: Bioinstrumentation and Biostatistics

UNIT-1: MICROSCOPY AND CENTRIFUGATION
Simple and compound light microscope, Bright field, Dark field, Phase contrast and Electron microscope. Centrifugation- principle
and types of centrifuges (analytical and preparatory), types of centrifugation- differential and rate zonal centrifugation.
UNIT-2: pH metry and chromatography

Principle of pH meter, types of electrodes, factors affecting pH measurements, and application of pH meter. Chromatography-
principle, types- paper, TLC and column chromatography, HPLC.
UNIT-3: SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Electromagnetic spectrum, Beers-Lamberts law, Types (Principles, working and application)- colorimeter, UV - Vis
Spectrophotometry and IR- Spectrophotometry, Turbidometry.
UNIT-4: Electrophoresis and X-Ray Diffraction
Principle of electrophoresis, instrumentation and Application, types of Paper, Gel electrophoresis and Immunoelectrophoresis. X-ray
diffraction- principle and application.
UNIT-5: Biostatistics
Data- Types, characteristics, presentation and distribution. Data analysis- central tendency (Mean, Median and Mode), Deviation
(variance SD and SE). Concept of probability.
Text Books Recommended:

1. Introduction to Istrumental analysis by Robert Braun.
2. Instrumental Techniques by Upadhyay and Upadhyay.
3. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis by BK Sharma.
4. Bio statistics; Sunder Rao
5. Statistical Methods; S. P. Gupta; Sultan Chand & Sons
Page -6
PRACTICAL
M. M. 50
Determination of antibiotic resistance by plating method.

Assaying of microbial enzymes; Catalase, Proteases, Peroxidases,
Cellulase, Cellobioases, Amylase, Diastase.
Exercise on paper, thin layer, column chromatography.
Exercise on paper and gel electrophoresis.
determination of pH of various water and soil sample.
testing of lambert beer’s law.
Determination of lamda max of dye by spectrophotometer
Isolation of resistant bacteria from soil and water sample
Scheme of Practical Examination

Time - 4 hours M.M. 50
1. Exercise on spectrophotometer/ pH meter 10

2. Exercise on chromatography 10
3. Exercise on genetics 05
4. Spotting (1-5) 10
5. Viva-Voce 05
6. Sessional 10
Total 50
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B. Sc. Part II
ELECTRONICS
Paper I
ELB 201 : COMMUNICATION ELECTRONICS
Theory: Max. Marks :50
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Unit-1
Electronic communication: Introduction to communication – means and modes. Needfor
modulation. Block diagram of an electronic communication system. Brief idea of frequency
allocation for radio communication system in India (TRAI). Electromagnetic
communication spectrum, band designations and usage. Channels and base-band signals.
Concept of Noise, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio.
Unit-2
Analog Modulation: Amplitude Modulation, modulation index and frequency

spectrum.Generation of AM (Emitter Modulation), Amplitude Demodulation (diode detector),
Concept of Single side band generation and detection. Frequency Modulation (FM) and Phase
Modulation (PM), modulation index and frequency spectrum, equivalence between FM and PM,
Generation of FM using VCO, FM detector (slope detector), Qualitative idea of Super
heterodyne receiver
Analog Pulse Modulation: Channel capacity, Sampling theorem, Basic Principles-PAM, PWM,
PPM, modulation and detection technique for PAM only, Multiplexing.
Unit-3
Digital Pulse Modulation: Need for digital transmission, Pulse Code Modulation,Digital
Carrier Modulation Techniques, Sampling, Quantization and Encoding. Concept of
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK),
and Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK).
Optical Communication: Introduction of Optical Fiber, Block Diagram of optical
communication system.
Unit-4
Introduction to Communication and Navigation systems:

Satellite Communication– Introduction, need, Geosynchronous satellite
orbits,geostationary satellite advantages of geostationary satellites. Satellite visibility,
Syllabus B.Sc. Electronics approved by CBOS on 11.06.2018

Page 10
transponders (C - Band), path loss, ground station, simplified block diagram of earth
station. Uplink and downlink.
Unit-5
Mobile Telephony System – Basic concept of mobile communication, frequency
bandsused in mobile communication, concept of cell sectoring and cell splitting, SIM
number, IMEI number, need for data encryption, architecture (block diagram) of mobile
communication network, idea of GSM, CDMA, TDMA and FDMA technologies,
simplified block diagram of mobile phone handset, 2G, 3G and 4G concepts
(qualitativeonly).GPS navigation system (qualitative idea only)
Reference Books:
1. Electronic Communications, D. Roddy and J. Coolen, Pearson Education India.
2. Advanced Electronics Communication Systems- Tomasi, 6th edition, Prentice Hall.
3. Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, B.P. Lathi, 4th Edition, 2011,
Oxford University Press.
4. Electronic Communication systems, G. Kennedy, 3rdEdn., 1999, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Principles of Electronic communication systems – Frenzel, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill
6. Communication Systems, S. Haykin, 2006, Wiley India
7. Electronic Communication system, Blake, Cengage, 5th edition.
8. Wireless communications, Andrea Goldsmith, 2015, Cambridge University Press

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page 11
Paper II
ELB 202 :MICROPROCESSOR ANDMICROCONTROLLER
Theory: Max. Marks :50
Unit-1
Microcomputer Organization: Input/Output Devices. Data storage (idea of RAM andROM).
Computer memory. Memory organization & addressing. Memory Interfacing. Memory Map.
8085 Microprocessor Architecture: Main features of 8085. Block diagram. Pin-outdiagram
of 8085. Data and address buses. Registers. ALU. Stack memory. Program counter.
Unit-2
8085 Programming :Instruction classification, Instructions set (Data transfer includingstacks.
Arithmetic, logical, branch, and control instructions). Subroutines, delay loops. Timing &
Control circuitry. Timing states. Instruction cycle, Timing diagram of MOV and MVI.
Hardware and software interrupts.
Unit-3
8051 microcontroller: Introduction and block diagram of 8051 microcontroller,architecture of
8051, overview of 8051 family, 8051 assembly language programming, Program Counter and
ROM memory map, Data types and directives, Flag bits and Program Status Word (PSW)
register, Jump, loop and call instructions.
Unit 4
8051 I/O port programming: Introduction of I/O port programming, pin out diagram of8051
microcontroller, I/O port pins description & their functions, I/O port programming in 8051
(using assembly language), I/O programming: Bit manipulation.
8051 Programming: 8051 addressing modes and accessing memory locations usingvarious
addressing modes, assembly language instructions using each addressing mode, arithmetic and
logic instructions,
Unit 5
8051 programming in C: for time delay & I/O operations and manipulation, for arithmetic and
logic operations, for ASCII and BCD conversions.
Introduction to embedded system: Embedded systems and general purpose
computersystems. Architecture of embedded system. Classifications, applications and purpose
of embedded systems.

Page 12
Reference Books:
1. Microprocessor Architecture Programming & applications with 8085, 2002, R.S.
Goankar, Prentice Hall.
2. Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming & Design, Raj Kamal, 2008, Tata
McGraw Hill
3. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C, M.A. Mazidi,
J.G. Mazidi, and R.D. McKinlay, 2nd Ed., 2007, Pearson Education India.
4. Microprocessor and Microcontrollers, N. Senthil Kumar, 2010, Oxford University Press
5. 8051 microcontrollers, Satish Shah, 2010, Oxford University Press.
6. Embedded Systems: Design & applications, S.F. Barrett, 2008, Pearson Education India
7. Introduction to embedded system, K.V. Shibu, 1st edition, 2009, McGraw Hill
8. Embedded Microcomputer systems: Real time interfacing, J.W. Valvano 2011,
Cengage Learning
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page 13
ELECTRONICS LABORATORY
The scheme of practical examination will be as follows-
Experiment -- 30
Viva -- 10
Sessional -- 10
Total -- 50
ELB 203P: COMMUNICATIONELECTRONICS LAB

(Hardware and Circuit Simulation Software) 60 Lectures
Max.Marks:25
1. To design an Amplitude Modulator using Transistor
2. To study envelope detector for demodulation of AM signal
3. To study FM - Generator and Detector circuit
4. To study AM Transmitter and Receiver
5. To study FM Transmitter and Receiver
6. To study Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
7. To study Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
8. To study Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
9. To study Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)
10. To study ASK, PSK and FSK modulators
Reference Books:
1. Electronic Communication systems, G. Kennedy, 1999, Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Electronic Communication system, Blake, Cengage, 5th edition.

Page 14
ELB 204P: MICROPROCESSOR ANDMICROCONTROLLER
LAB(Hardware and Circuit Simulation Software)
Max.Marks:25
At least 06 experiments each from Section-A and Section-B
Section-A: Programs using 8085 Microprocessor
1. Addition and subtraction of numbers using direct addressing mode
2. Addition and subtraction of numbers using indirect addressing mode
3. Multiplication by repeated addition.
4. Division by repeated subtraction.
5. Handling of 16-bit Numbers.
6. Use of CALL and RETURN Instruction.
7. Block data handling.
8. Other programs (e.g. Parity Check, using interrupts, etc.).
Section-B: Experiments using 8051 microcontroller:
1. To find that the given numbers is prime or not.
2. To find the factorial of a number.
3. Write a program to make the two numbers equal by increasing the smallest number and
decreasing the largest number.
4. Use one of the four ports of 8051 for O/P interfaced to eight LED’s. Simulate binary
counter (8 bit) on LED’s .
5. Program to glow the first four LEDs then next four using TIMER application.
6. Program to rotate the contents of the accumulator first right and then left
7. Program to run a countdown from 9-0 in the seven segment LED display.
8. To interface seven segment LED display with 8051 microcontroller and display ‘HELP’
in the seven segment LED display.
9. To toggle ‘1234’ as ‘1324’ in the seven segment LED display.
10. Interface stepper motor with 8051 and write a program to move the motor through a given
angle in clock wise or counter clockwise direction.
11. Application of embedded systems: Temperature measurement & display on LCD
Reference Books:
1. Microprocessor Architecture Programming & applications with 8085, 2002, R.S. Goankar,
Prentice Hall.
2. Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming & Design, Raj Kamal, 2008, Tata McGraw
Hill
3. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C, M.A. Mazidi, J.G.
Mazidi, and R.D. McKinlay, 2nd Ed., 2007, Pearson Education India.
4. 8051 microcontrollers, Satish Shah, 2010, Oxford University Press.
5. Embedded Microcomputer systems: Real time interfacing, J.W. Valvano 2011, Cengage
Learning

Page 15
B.Sc. II
BIOTECHNOLOGY
PAPER – I
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & BIOPHYSICS

M.M. 50
UNIT-I
1. Nucleic Acid: Bases, Nucleosides and Nucleotides, DNA and RNA structure.
2. Plasmids.
3. Transposons: Repetitive elements, LINEs & SINEs, Structure of Gene.
UNIT-II
1. DNA Replication: Enzymes involved and mechanism of DNA Replication in Prokaryotes.

2. Mutation: Molecular level of Mutation, Types of Mutagens, Spontaneous and Induced
Mutation.
3. DNA Repair: NER, BER and Mismatch Repair.
UNIT-III
1. Genetic Code: Features, Condon Assignment and Wobble hypothesis.

2. Transcription: Initiation, Elongation and Termination in Prokaryotes.
3. Translation: Initiation, Elongation and Termination Translation machinery in Prokaryotes.
Operon-Concept of Operator, Regulator, Promoter gene, Inducer and Co-repressor.
UNIT –IV
1. Biophysics : Introduction, Scope and Application

2. Principle, Structure, Functions of the following:
a. Microscopy b. Colorimeter and Spectroscopy c. Electrophoresis
d. Centrifugation e. Chromatography.
UNIT –V
1. Radioisotopes techniques: Measurement of radioactivity, Ionization Chambers, Geiger Muller

and Scintillation Counter.
2. Autoradiography and DNA Fingerprinting.
3. Biosensor.
List of Books
1. Gerald Karp - Cell and Molecular biology, 4th Edition (2005).

2. Lewis J.Klein Smith and Valerie M.Kish-Principles of cell and molecular biology-Third
3. Edition (2002)
4. P.K. Gupta- Cell and molecular biology, Second Edition (2003), Rastogi publications.
5. Richard M-Twyaman-Advanced Molecular Biology, First South Asian Edition (1998),
VivaBooks Pvt. Ltd.
6. K. Wilson and J.Walker (2012) Principle and Techniques of Biotechnology and
MolecularBiotechnology.
7. Upadhya and Upadhya : Biophysical Chemistry.
8. David, I. Nelson and Michael M.Cox :Lehniger : Principal of Biochemistry 4th Edition. W.H.
Freeman and Company, New York.
9. Buchanan, Gruissemen& Jones (2015) Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plant, 2nd
edition.
B.Sc. II
BIOTECHNOLOGY
PAPER II
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGYAND GENOMICS

M.M. 50
UNIT-I
1. Recombinant DNA technology: General concept. Steps in gene cloning and application.
2. Host controlled Restriction Modification System, Ligases and Polymerases, Klenow fragment,
Taq, Pfu polymerase and Nuclease (Endo, Exo and restriction endonuclease).
3. Modification Enzyme (Kinase, Phosphates and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase).
Reverse Transcriptase.
UNIT –II
1. Vectors: Plasmid, Bacteriophages, Cosmid, SV40 and Expression vectors.

2. Gene Library: Genomic and cDNA library.
3. Selection and Screening of Recombinants: Genetic and Hybridization methods.
UNIT –III
1. PCR: Types of PCR, Steps (Denaturation, Annealing and Extension); Applications,

Advantages and Limitation of PCR.
2. Molecular Marker-RFLP, RAPD and Micro array.
3. Human Genome Project.
UNIT-IV
1. Basic concept of Gene Transfer Methods: Microinjection, Electroporation, Lipofection and

Microprojectile.
2. Gene Therapy: In vivo and Ex vivo, Germ line and Somatic gene therapy.
3. Basic idea of Stem cell technology: Types of stems cell cultures and their Significance.
UNIT-V
1. Introduction to Bioinformatics: History, Objective and Application.

2. Major Bioinformatics Resource – NCBI , Types of Databases (Primary and Secondary
Databases) , BLAST and FASTA
3. Basic concept of Genomics and Proteomics
List of Books
1. B.D. Singh (2004) Biotechnology, Expanding Horizons. First Edition. Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.
2. P.K. Gupta (2005) Biotechnology and Genomics, Rastogi Publication, Meerut.
3. Stan bury and Whittaker - Principles of Sterilization techniques, First Indian reprint Edition
(1997). Aditya Book (P) Ltd. New Delhi.
4. L.E. Casida (1994)Industrial Microbiology Edition .
5. A.H. Patel (2003) Industrial Microbiology 4th Edition.
6. K.S. Bilgrami and A.K. Pandey(1998) Introduction to Biotechnology Edition 2nd (1998)
7. U Satyanarayan (2005) Biotechnology, First Edition Books and Allied (P) Ltd. Kolkata.
8. Atul kumar and VandanaA.Kumar (2004) Plant Biotechnology and tissue culture, Principle and
Perspectives, International Books Distributing Co. Lucknow.
10. S Choudhuri, and DB Carlson (2008) Genomics: Fundamentals and applications, 1st edition.
11. TK Attwood and DJ Parry (2009) Introduction of Bioinformatics.
12. Philip E Bourne Helge Whisking (2003) Structural Bioinformatics.
13. Des Higgins and Willie Taylor (2000) Bioinformatics Sequence, Structure and Databanks.
List of Practical’s
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, BIOPHYSICS, RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND

GENOMICS
1. Isolation of DNA from Plant cell.

2. Estimation of DNA by DPA method.
3. Isolation RNA from yeast cells
Experiment based on-

4. Centrifugation
5. Spectrophotometer/Colorimeter
6. Electrophoresis
7. Paper chromatography/TLC
Experiment based on Bioinformatics -

8. Retrieve DNA /Protein sequence from Biological Data Bases (NCBI).
9. Use of tools studied
SCHEME FOR PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
Time: 4 hrs. M.M.: 50
1. Experiment based on DNA/RNA 10 marks

2. Experiment based on Instruments 10 marks
3. Experiment based on Bioinformatics 10 marks
4. Spotting 10 marks
5. Viva - Voce 05 marks
6. Record / Sessional 05 marks
fcykliqj fo'ofo|ky;] fcykliqj ¼NRrhlx<+½
SYLLABUS
B.SC. PART-II
FORESTRY
PAPER - I
MM: 50
UNIT- I
Social Forestry
Scope, object and type, important social forestry schemes, economic benefits of social
forestry
UNIT- II
Joint Forest Management
Definition, scope and objects, People’s participation in JFM, constraints in obtaining
people’s participation
UNIT- III
Forest Management
Definition, scope and objects,
Brief idea of the following-
a. Growing stock
b. Rotation
c. Sustained yield
d. Normal forest
UNIT- IV
Forest Measurement
Definition, scope and object, measurement of height of trees, measurement of diameter
of trees, measurement of girth of tree
UNIT- V
Forest Organisation
Geographical, climatic and functional classification,
Legal classification,
Territorial classification,
Administrative (organizational) classification,
Management (Silvicultural) classification- working circle, felling series, cutting section,
coupes and periodic bricks
BILASPUR VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BILASPUR (CHHATTISGARH) Page 1 of 3

www.bilaspuruniversity.ac.in
SYLLABUS
B.SC. PART-II
FORESTRY
PAPER – II
MM: 50
UNIT- I
Wood Anatomy
Introduction, anatomical structure of wood, physical properties of wood, mechanical
properties of wood.
UNIT- II
Logging
Felling and conversion, transport, storage, grading of timber
UNIT- III
Minor Forest Products
Definition of minor forest product
General idea of following MFPs of India –
a. Fuel wood
b. Fibre and flosses
c. Grass, Bamboo
d. Essential oils
e. Oilseed
f. Tans and dyes
g. Medicinal plants
UNIT- IV
Forest Based or Wood Based Industries
Pulp and paper, Cutch and Katha, Lac and manufacture of shellac, Resin tapping and
manufacture of turpentine and rosin, Charcoal burning
UNIT- V
Forest and Tribals
Life and livelihood: Tribal’s, tribal’s and forests, constitutional safeguards, tribal welfare
and development
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Forestry for people- S.A. Shah
2. Social forestry- S.S. Negi
3. Forest management- Ram Prakash
4. A hand book of forest utilization- Mehta
5. Theory & practices of Silvicultural systems- Ram Prakash and Khanna
6. Forest mensuration- Chaturvedi and Khanna
7. Forestry in India- V.P. Agrawal
8. Bharat ki janjatiyan- Dr. Shiv Kumar Tiwari
9. Tribal in India- Nadeem Hasnain

SYLLABUS
B.SC. PART-II
FORESTRY
PRACTICAL
MM: 50
List of Practicals
1. Measurement of Diameter, girth, height etc.
2. Nursery management
3. Handling of nursery stock
4. Field planting methods

SYLLABUS
B.SC. PART-II
TASAR TECHNOLOGY
PAPER- I
SEED TECHNOLOGY AND REELING
MM: 50
UNIT- I
1. Spinning behaviour of non-mulberry cocoons, Physical and commercial characters of
cocoons.
2. Pierced cocoons: storage and disposal
3. Marketing of cocoons: price fixation according to silk content
4. Selection & transportation of cocoon for reeling
UNIT- II
1. Economics of seed organisation: Equipment for preparation of economically viable unit
of grainage, cocoon DFLS-ratio, manpower requirement.
2. Organising a grainage, cost of preparation of DFLS.
3. Maintenance of records and registers in grainage.
4. Economics of seed production: salaries, wages, establishment, charges, cold storing of
eggs, sale of eggs, cost of chemical equipments, egg sheets, furniture, contingencies &
miscellaneous expenditure.
UNIT- III
1. Protective measures in seed production
2. SILK REELING: Introduction, evolution, importance & statistics of silk reeling
3. Position of reeling industry in India and other silk producing countries.
4. Raw materials for silk reeling-factor affecting the production of silk yarn, different
varieties their characteristics.
UNIT- IV
1. Reeling: object, details study of yarn passage, raw silk yarn size (denier) and importance.
2. Physical, Chemical & Microscopic properties of tasar silk. Uses of tasar silk, different
type of silk yarn & their characteristics and uses.
3. Difference between mulberry and non-mulberry silk, Main problem of reeling of tasar
silk.
4. Silk testing & quality control: Testing of raw silk, advantage of testing, silk conditioning
and testing house, wining test, Seri-plane and serigraph tests, cohesion and
standardisation of raw silk.
UNIT- V
1. Reeling machine: Conventional charkha, improved charkha, cottage basin/filature basin,
multi end silk reeling basin.
2. Automatic & semi-automatic reeling machine, recent advances in reeling.
3. Re-reeling & packing: object, importance of re-reeling yarn distribution and skein
formation, skein finishing, Raw silk book making and building.
4. Stifling: Definition, various methods of stifling.

SYLLABUS
B.SC. PART-II
TASAR TECHNOLOGY
PAPER-II
SPINNING, DYEING & PRINTING OF TASAR SILK
MM: 50
UNIT-I
1. Spinning: Principles of spanning. Charkha spinning. Hand spinning, spun silk mills,
spun silk Industry.
2. Silk throwing: Introduction. Objective of silk throwing preparation for twisting
(Highlight) twist-high twist & low twist.)
3. Winding: object of winding, principle of winding, types and methods of winding.
4. Silk processing: Degumming of silk. Bleaching. Dyeing finishing.
UNIT-II
1. Types of water used in processing.
2. Process Involved in spun silk preparation: washing drying opening. Filling. Combing.
Drawing, rowing. Spinning, doubling. Gassing, cleaning, recalling.
3. Introduction of textile fibre general properties classification of textile fibre
Physical and chemical properties of different fibres (Tasar, well, action deflector.)
UNIT-III
1. Establishment of small reeling units, efficiency, machinery management, production &
economics.
2. By products of silk, pupa different types of silk waste.
3. Traditional ghicha preparation of tasar silk blending of tasar silk with other fibre and its
problems.
4. Noil and noil yarns
UNIT-IV
1. Bleaching: Introduction of bleaching, purpose of bleaching, bleaching of tasar silk, wool
& cotton.
2. Dyeing: Introduction of dyeing of tasar silk, cotton and wool with different class of
dyestuffs normally used after their treatment.
3. Printing: Introduction of printing, study of different methods and styles of
printing.
UNIT-V
1. Printing of tasar silk & cotton by block method, with different group of colour
normally used.
2. Brief Idea of transfer and foam Printing, thickening agents.
3. Finishing: Introduction of finishing, classification of finishing, study of different type of
temporary and permanent finishing of tasar silk and cotton.

SYLLABUS
B.SC. PART-II
PRACTICALS
PAPER-I: SEED TECHNOLOGY AND REELING.
PAPER-II: SPINNING, DYEING & PRINTING OF TASAR SILK.
MM: 50
1. Sorting and grading of tasar cocoons.

2. Determination of physical/commercial characters of cocoons.
3. Stifling and cooking of tasar cocoon.
4. Reeling of tasar cocoons on natwa.
5. Study of reeling and spinning machines.
6. Identification of textile fibres, silk, wool & cotton.
7. Flaw of grainage buildings & equipment.
8. Cutting of seed cocoons: sex separation. By rupal methods.
9. Study of multi-end silk reeling machine, automatic & semi-automatic reeling mechine.
10. Study of silk testing: winding test, denier (size) test.
11. Degumming of raw silk yarn and silk waste by soap & soda method.
12. Study of silk fabric manufacturing unit: power loom & hand loom.
13. Study of silk dying and printing unit: visit to practical centers.
14. Charkha reeling.: economic model of silk reeling unit
15. Visit to seed cocoon markets.
16. Visit to multi-voltime & bi-voltime seed forms.
17. Visit to temperate & tropical states of India.
18. Provision to arrange guest/ lectures/film/slide shows.
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:-

1. Silkworm Egg: by Y. Tazima (1962) Published by CSB Bombay.
2. Silk Dyeing, Printing and Finishing: Gulrabani.
3. Sericulture & Silk Industry: by Tripurali Sharma.
4. Silk Processing: by Kim.
5. Technology of Printing: by Shenai.
6. Finishing: by Marsh.
7. Dye & Dye Intermediates: by S.B.P.
8. Raw Silk Reeling: by B.H. Kim.
9. Silk of Industry Problem and Prospects: by A. Ajab, H. Lawpper.
10. Dying of Textile Fibres: by Shenai.
11. The Development of Indian Silk: by Sanjay Sinha (1990)

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¼4½ Hkkjr ds jsf[kr&ekufp= esa eq[; ioZrks]a >hyksa ,oa ufn;ksa dks vafdr djuk
¼5½ Hkkjr ds jsf[kr ekufp= esa HkwdEi izs{k.kky;ksa dks vafdr djuk
¼6½ Hkkjrh; egk}hiksa esa vk;s HkwdEiksa dk vf/kdsUnz ,oa rhozrk dks ekufp= esa vafdr djukA
¼7½ vkdkjfefrd fo”ys’k.k
4
Class- B.Sc-I
Paper –I
(Geodynamics & Geomorphology)
Unit:1 (i) Geology & it perspectives. Earth in the solar system; size, shape, mass, &
density.
(ii) Origin of Earth.
(iii) Internal structure of Earth, Crust, Mantle and Core.
(iv) Age of Earth: with special emphasis on Radioactive dating.
(v) Formation & composition of Hydrosphere, & Biosphere & Atmosphere.
Unit:2 (i) Elementary idea about Plate-Tectonics.

(ii) Concept & theories of continental-drift
(iii) Concept & theories of lsostasy.
(iv) Evidences of Sea-floor spreading.
(v) Origin of oceans, continents & mountains.
Unit:3 (i) Earthquakes, Earthquake Belts, measurement of Earthquakes.

(ii) Volcanoes: Types & distribution.
(iii) Mid –oceanic- ridges, trenches & island arc; origin, distribution & importance.
(iv) Tectonic of continental margins; Active margins & marginal basins.
(v) Neo-tectonics; active faults, drainage changes.
Unit:4 (i) Fundamental concepts of Geomorphology.

(ii) Geomorphic agents & processes of rock-weathering.
(iii) Geological work of rivers; fluvial land forms.
(iv) Geological work of wind; Aeolian land forms.
(v) Geological work of Glaciers; glacial land forms.
Unit:5 (i) Geological work of oceans; coastal land forms.

(ii) Geological work of Ground water. Karst topography.
5
(iii) Volcanic land forms.
(iv) Earth’s heat budget & global climatic changes.
(v) Physiographic divisions of India.
PRACTICALS:
(1) Study of models showing various Geomorphic features.
(2) Numbering, Indexing of topographic maps on various scales.
(3) Interpretation of various Geomorphic landforms & drainage pattern on
topographic maps.
(4) Plotting of major mountain Ranges, Lakes & rivers on outline map of India.
(5) Plotting of seismic observatories on outline map of India.
(6) Plotting of epicenters & magnitude of major earthquakes of Indian
subcontinents.
(7) Morphometric analysis.
Suggested Readings:-
HkkSfrd&HkwfoKku & MkW-eqdqy ?kks’k&
HkkSfrd&HkwfoKku & ts-ih- frokjh ,o ach-ds- flag&
Hkwvkd`fr&foKku & MkW-lfoUnz flag
HkwfoKku ,d ifjp; & MkW-fo|klkxj nqcs
Physical Geology - Miller
Principles of physical geology - A. Holmes
An introduction to physical geology- A.K. Dutta
Principles of Geomorphology - W.D. Thornbury
Principles of Geomorphology - A.F. Ahmed
6
d{kk@ Class- B.Sc-I
Paper –II
[kfut ,oa fØLVy foKku
(Mineralogy & Crystallography)
bdkbZ& 01 (i) [kfut ,oa fØLVy dh ifjHkk’kkA

(ii) fØLVy lajpuk ,oa ,dkad dks’kA
(iii) fØLVy ds rRo] fØLVy :iA
(iv) fØLVyh; v{k ,oa v{kh; dks.kA
(v) fØLVy uksVs”ku] vUr%[k.Mh; vuqikr ,oa lwpdkad
bdkbZ& 02 (i) fØLVy foKku ds fu;eA

(ii) fØLVyh; lefefrA
(iii) fØLVyksa dk oxhZdj.kA fØLVy leqnk;ksa ds lkekU;oxZ dh lefefrA
(iv) lkekU; oxZ ds :iA
(v) fØLVyksa esa ;eyuA
bdkbZ& 03 (i) izdk”k dh izd`fr] izdk”k dk ijkorZu ,oa viorZuA

(ii) viorZukad] Økafrd dks.k] iw.kZ vkarfjd ijkorZu ,oa csds izHkkoA
(iii) f}&viorZu] fudkWy fizTe dh jpuk ,oa dk;Z iz.kkyhA
(iv) /kzqo.k lw{en”khZ % vo;o ,oa dk;Ziz.kkyhA
(v) [kfutksa ds izdk”kh; xq.kA
bdkbZ& 04 (i) flfydsV lajpuk,a

(ii) [kfutksa esa ca/kA
(iii) Lkekd`frdrk] cgq:irk ,oa dwV:irkA
(iv) Bksl&foy;u
(v) [kfutksa ds HkkSfrd xq.kA
7
bdkbZ& 05 fuEufyf[kr [kfut lewgksa ds laxBu] HkkSfrd ,oa izdk”kdh; xq.kksa dk v/;;u&
(i) vkWfyohu~] xkusZV ,oa vHkzd lewgA
(ii) ik;jkWDlhuA
(iii) ,EQhcksyA
(iv) QsYlikjA
(v) flfydkA
izk;ksfxd dk;Z&
¼1½ fØLVy ekWMy esa lefefr rRoksa dk v/;;uA
¼2½ fØLVy leqnk;ksa dh ewy vkd`fr;ksa dk v/;;uA
¼3½ ;wyj izes; dk lR;kiuA
¼4½ izeq[k “kSydj [kfutksa dk LFkwyn”khZ v/;;uA
¼5½ /kzqo.k&lw{en”khZ dh lgk;rk ls izeq[k “kSydj [kftuksa ds izdk”kh; xq.kksa dk v/;;uA
¼6½ lkr fnolh; HkwoSKkfud {ks=h; v/;;u
8
Class- B.Sc-I
Paper –II
(Mineralogy & Crystallography)
Unit:1 (i) Definition of Mineral and Crystal.

(ii) Crystal structures, Unit cells
(iii) Elements of crystal. Crystal forms.
(iv) Crystallographic axes and axial angles.
(v) Parameters and indices of crystal notation
Unit:2 (i) Laws of Crystallography

(ii) Crystal symmetry
(iii) Classification and symmetry of normal classes of seven crystal systems
(iv) Forms of normal classes.
(v) Twinning in crystals
Unit:3 (i) Nature of light : reflection and refraction of light.

(ii) Refractive index. Critical angles. Total internal reflection and Becke effect.
(iii) Double refraction. Nicol prism it’s construction and working.
(iv) Polarizing Microscope- its parts & functions.
(v) Optical properties of minerals.
Unit:4 (i) Silicate structures.

(ii) Bonding in Minerals.
(iii) Isomorphism. Polymorphism and Pseudomorphism.
(iv) Solid solution
(v) Physical properties of minerals
Unit:5 Study of Composition, physical and optical properties of the following Mineral
groups:
(i) Olivine, Garnet and Mica groups.
9
(ii) Pyroxenes
(iii) Amphiboles
(iv) Feldspars
(v) Silica
PRACTICALS-
(1) Study of symmetry elements in crystal models.
(2) Study of Fundamental forms of normal classes of all seven crystal system.
(3) Verification of Euler’s theorem.
(4) Study of Physical properties of rock forming minerals.
(5) Study of the optical properties of important rock forming minerals using polarizing
Microscopes.
(6) Geological excursion for seven days.
Suggested Readings:
Rutley’s elements of Mineralogy : Read, H.D.
Dana’s text book of Mineralogy : Ford W.E.
[kfut rFkk fØLVy foKku & MkW-ch-lh- tS”k
[kfut foKku ds fl)kar & MkW- ,-lh- vxzoky
izk;ksfxd Hkw&foKku ¼Hkkx&1½ & MkW- j- iz- ekatjsdj
izdk”kh; [kfut foKku ds ewy rRo & foapy
s
10
d{kk@ Class- B.Sc-II
Paper –I
“kSfydh
(PETROLOGY)
bdkbZ&01 (i) eSXek( ifjHkk’kk] mRifRr ,oa laxBu

(ii) cksosu dh vfHkfØ;k Js.kh] eSXeh; foHksnu ,oa Lokaxhdj.k
(iii) ra=] izkoLFkk ,oa ?kVd] m’ekxfrdh ds fl)kar] ,d?kVdh; ¼flfydk½ f}?kVdh;
,sYckbZV&,ukFkkZbV rFkk Mk;ksIlkbM&,ukFkkZbV ,oa f=?kVdh; flfydsV flLVe
Mk;ksIlkbM&,YckbV&,ukFkkZbV fØLVyhdj.k] izkoLFkk larqyu
(iv) vkXus; “kSyksa dk xBu] lajpuk;sa ,oa oxhZdj.k
(v) vkXus; “kSyksa dk :Ik
bdkbZ&02 (i) fnd~dky esa “kSy&layXurk] “kSy&xazfFk;ksa dh vo/kkj.kk

(ii) vEyh; vkXus; “kSyksa dk f”kyk fooj.kkRed v/;;u
(iii) {kkjh; vkXus; “kSyksa dk f”kyk&fooj.kkRed v/;;u
(iv) vYiflfyd vkXus; “kSyksa dk f”kykfooj.kkRed v/;;u
(v) vR;Yiflfyd vkXus; “kSyksa dk f”kykfooj.kkRed v/;;u
bdkbZ&03 (i) volkn dh mRifRr] ifjogu ,oa fu{ksi.k

(ii) volkn fu{ksi.k dh ok;w<+] tyks<+] rVh;] ,oa xaHkhj leqnzh okrkoj.k dh xfrdh
(iii) volknh lay{k.kkvksa dh vo/kkj.kk
(iv) Mk;ftusfll dh vo/kkj.kk
(v) volknh “kSyksa dk xBu ,oa lajpuk;sa
bdkbZ&04 (i) volknh “kSyksa dk oxhZdj.k

(ii) volknh “kSyksa dh “kSfydh % :Msf”k;l] ,jsfuf”k;l] dsYdsfj;l volknh “kSy
(iii) dk;kUrj.k% ifjHkk’kk ,oa dkjd] lay{k.kk] dk;kUrj.k Js.kh
11
(iv) dk;kUrfjr “kSyksa dk xBu] lajpuk ,oa oxhZdj.k
(v) dk;kUrj.k izfØ;kvksa dh lkE; ,oa vlkE; vfHkfØ;k;sa
bdkbZ&05 (i) iSjkftusfVd&vksj[k% iz{kih; fo”ksy’k.k] ,-lh-,Q- ,oa ,-ds-,Q- vkjs[k

(ii) e`.e; volknksa dk izxkeh dk;kUrj.k
(iii) v”kq) pwuk iRFkjksa dk izxkeh&m’ekxfrd dk;kUrj.k
(iv) vYi flfyd “kSyksa dk izxkeh m’ekxfrd dk;kUrj.k
(v) Hkkjr dk “kSfydh;&izknsf”kd foHkktu
izk;ksfxd dk;Z&
¼1½ vkXus;] volknh ,oa dk;kUrfjr “kSyksa ds fofHkUu :iksa dks js[kkfp= dh lgk;rk ls iznf”kZr
djukA
¼2½ fofHkUu vkXus; “kSyksa dk LFkwyn”khZ v/;;u@lw{en”khZ v/;;u
¼3½ fofHkUu volknh “kSyksa dk LFkwyn”khZ@lw{en”khZ v/;;u
¼4½ fofHkUu dk;kUrfjr “kSyksa dk LFkwyn”khZ@lw{en”khZ v/;;u
¼5½ Hkkjr ds “kSfydh; izns”kksa dk ekufp= esa izn”kZu
¼1½ “kSfydh ds fl)kUr & MkW-vafcdk izlkn vxzoky
¼2½ “kSfydh ds fl)kUr & ,-th- f>axju
(3) Principles of petrology - G.W. Gyrrel
(4) Petrology - H.William, F.J. Turner & E.M.
Gilbert
(5) Petrology of igneous & metamorphic rocks of India- S.C. Chattarjee
(6) A text book of sedimentary petrology - Verma & Prasad
(7) Metamorphism & Metamorphic rocks of India- S.Ray
(8) Sedimentary rocks - F.J. Pettijhan
(9) Introduction of sedimentology - S.Sengupta
(10) Sedimentary environment - H.G. Readings
12
Class- B.Sc-II
Paper –I
(PETROLOGY)
Unit:1 (i) Magma, definition, origin & composition

(ii) Bowen’s reaction series, magmatic differentiation & assimilation
(iii) System, phases & component, principles of thermodynamics,
Bi-component magma: Albite-Anorthite and Diposide-Anorthite
Tri-component magma: Diopside-Albite-Anorthite
(iv) Texture, structures & classification of igneous rocks
(v) Forms of igneous rocks
Unit:2 (i) Rock association in Time & Space, concepts of rock kindreds
(ii) Petrographic studies of Acid igneous rocks.
(iii) Petrographic studies of Alkaline igneous rocks
(iv) Petrographic studies of Basic igneous rock
(v) Petrographic studies of Ultrabasic igneous rocks.
Unit:3 (i) Origin, transportation & deposition of sediments

(ii) Dynamics of sedimentary depositional environment ; Aeolian, fluvial, coastal
and abyssal environment.
(iii) Concepts of sedimentary facies
(iv) Concepts of diagenesis
(v) Textures & structures of sedimentary rocks.
Unit:4 (i) Classification of sedimentary rocks.

(ii) Petrography of sedimentary rock; rudaceous, aranaceous, calcareous
sedimentary rocks
(iii) Metamorphism; definition, agents, facies & grade
(iv) Textures, structures & classification of metamorphic rocks.
(v) Equilibrium & non-equilibrium reactions in metamorphism.
13
Unit:5 (i) Paragenetic diagrams; projective analysis A.C.F & A.K.F. diagrams
(ii) Progressive metamorphism of Argillaceous rocks.
(iii) Progressive dynamo-thermal metamorphism of impure lime-stone.
(iv) Progressive dynamo-thermal metamorphism of basic igneous rocks.
(v) Petrographic provinces of India.
Practical:
(1) Diagrammatic representation of various form & structures of igneous, sedimentary &
Metamorphic rocks
(2) Megascopic studies of various sedimentary, metamorphic & igneous rocks.
(3) Microscopic studies of various sedimentary, metamorphic & igneous rocks.
(4) Norm calculation
(5) Diagrammatic representation of petrography provinces of India in outline map of India.
¼1½ “kSfydh ds fl)kUr & MkW-vafcdk izlkn vxzoky
¼2½ “kSfydh ds fl)kUr & ,-th- f>axju
(3) Principles of petrology - G.W. Tyrell
(4) Petrology - H.William, F.J. Turner & E.M. Gilbert
(5) Petrology of igneous & metamorphic rocks of India- S.C. Chattarjee
(6) A text book of sedimentary petrology - Verma & Prasad
(7) Metamorphism & Metamorphic rocks of India- S.Ray
(8) Sedimentary rocks - F.J. Pettijohn
(9) Introduction of sedimentology - S.Sengupta
(10) Sedimentary environment - H.G. Readings
14
d{kk@ Class- B.Sc-II
Paper –II
lajpukRed Hkw&foKku
(STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY)
bdkbZ&01 ¼1½ lajpukRed HkwfoKku dh ifjHkk’kk ,oa v/;;u {ks=A

¼2½ “kSy n`’;ka”kksa dk v/;;uA n`’;ka”kksa ij ufr rFkk <ky ds izHkkoA
¼3½ laLrj.k dh igpkuA ufr ,oa ufryEc dh ekiA
¼4½ DykbuksehVj ,oa czUVu dEiklA
¼5½ laLrjksa ds “kh’kZ rFkk ry dh igpkuA
¼6½ “kSyfo:i.k dh vo/kkj.kkA izfrcy rFkk fod`fr nh?kZo`Rrt dh vo/kkj.kkA
bdkbZ&02 ¼1½ oyu dh vkdkfjdhA

¼2½ oyu dh T;kfefrd ,oa tufud oxhZdj.kA
¼3½ LFkyh; rFkk HkwoSKkfud ekufp= esa oyu dh igpkuA
¼4½ n`”;ka”kksa ij oyu ds izHkkoA
¼5½ oyu fØ;kfof/k dh izkFkfed vo/kkj.kkA
bdkbZ&03 ¼1½ Hkza”k vkdkfjdhA liZ.k vkSj lsijs”kuA

¼2½ Hkza”k dk T;kfefrd ,oa tufud oxhZdj.kA
¼3½ LFky{ks= rFkk HkwoSKkfud ekufp= esa Hkza”k dh igpkuA
¼4½ n`”;ka”kksa ij Hkza”k ds izHkkoA
¼5½ Hkza”ku fØ;kfof/k dh izkFkfed vo/kkj.kkA
bdkbZ&04 ¼1½ laf/k( vkdkfjdh] laf/k dk T;kfefrd ,oa tufud oxhZdj.kA

¼2½ i=.k dh ifjHkkf’kd ”kCnkoyh] izdkj] mRifRr ,oa fo”kky lajpukvksa ls laca/kA
¼3½ js[k.k dh ifjHkkf’kd ”kCnkoyh] izdkj] mRifRr ,oa fo”kky lajpukvksa ls laca/kA
¼4½ yo.k xqEcn]
15
¼5½ IywVku( foorZfudh ,oa vfHkLFkkiu
bdkbZ&05 ¼1½ fo’kefoU;kl ds izdkj ,oa igpkuA

¼2½ vkmVyk;j rFkk buyk;j] vfrO;kiu rFkk viO;kiuA
¼3½ foorZfudh dh vo/kkj.kkA
¼4½ izk;}hih;] fla/kq xaxk ds eSnku rFkk izk;}hisRrj Hkkjr dk foorZfudh foU;klA
¼5½ f=foeh; iz{ksi.k dk HkwfoKku esa vuqiz;ksxA
izk;ksfxd dk;Z&
¼1½ izkd`frd lajpukRed izkn”kksZ dk v/;;uA
¼2½ fofHkUu lajpukvksa dk izkn”kksZ ds ek/;e ls v/;;uA
¼3½ ekufp= esa n`”;ka”k dks iwjk djukA
¼4½ ljy ls tfVy lajpukvksa dks iznf”kZr djus okys ekufp=ksa ls HkwoSKkfud dkV
cukuk ,oa HkwoSKkfud bfrgkl dh foospuk djukA
¼5½ lajpukvksa ds v/;;u esa fLVfj;ksxzkfQd izkstDs ”ku dk vuqiz;ksxA
¼6½ lkr fnolh; HkwoSKkfud {ks=h; v/;;u
16
Class- B.Sc-II
Paper –II
(STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY)
Unit:1 (i) Definition and scope of Structural Geology. Study of outcrops. Effects of dip
and slope on outcrops.
(ii) Identification of bedding. Dip and strike measurement.
(iii) Clinometer and Brunton compass.
(iv) Recognition of top and bottom of beds.
(v) Concept of rock deformation. Concept of stress and strain ellipsoids.
Unit:2 (i) Fold morphology.

(ii) Geometric and genetic classification of folds.
(iii) Recognition of folds in the field and on geological maps.
(iv) Effect of folds on outcrops.
(v) Elementary idea of mechanics of folding.
Unit:3 (i) Fault morphology. Slip and separation.

(ii) Geometric and genetic classification of faults.
(iii) Recognition of faults in the field and on geological maps.
(iv) Effect of faults on outcrops.
(vi) Elementary idea of mechanics of faulting.
Unit:4 (i) Joint morphology; geometric and genetic classification of joints.

(ii) Foliation; terminology, kinds, origin and relation to major structures.
(iii) Lineation: terminology, Kind, origin and relation to major structures.
(iv) Salt domes.
(vii) Plutons; tectonics & emplacement.
Unit:5 (i) Types and recognition of Unconformity.

(ii) Outlier and inlier. Overlap & offlap.
17
(iii) Concept of tectonics.
(iv) Tectonic framework of Peninsula, Indo-Gangetic Plains and Extra-Peninsular
India.
(v) Stereographic projection & it use in Structural geology.
Practical-
(1) Study of Natural Structures on specimens.
(2) Study of structures with the help of models.
(3) Completion of outcrops.
(4) Preparation of geological section from simple to complex geological maps and its
interpretation.
(5) Application of stereographic projection in structural geology.
Books recommended:
¼1½ lajpukRd HkwfoKku & MkW-Mh-ds- JhokLro
¼2½ HkwoSKkfud lajpuk,W & MkW- Hkjr flag jkBkSj
¼3½ izk;ksfxd HkwfoKku ¼Hkkx&2½ & vkj-ih- ekatjsdj
(4) Structural Geology. M.P. Billings.
(5) Theory of Structural Geology; Gokhale, N.W. CBS
(6) Exercises on Geological maps and dip-Strike: Gokhale, N.W. CBS.
(7) Outlines of structural Geology. E.S. Hills.
(8) Structural Geology- Hobbs. Means and Williams.
(9) Geological maps- Chiplonkar and Pawar.
18
d{kk@ Class- B.Sc-III
Paper –I
thok”e foKku ,oa laLrj foKku
(Palaeontology & Stratigraphy )
bdkbZ&01 ¼1½ thok”e foKku% thok”e] ifjHkk’kk] thok”eu dh vko”;d ifjfLFkfr;kW ,oa
fof/k;kW
¼2½ tho”eksa ds mi;ksx] lwpd&thok”e ,oa mudk egRo
¼3½ laLrj foKku] iqjkikfjfLFkfrdh ,oa iqjkHkwxksy ds v/;;u esa thok”e foKku dk
egRoA
¼4½ lw{ethok”efoKku ,oa mldk egRoA
¼5½ ikni thok”eksa dk v/;;u ,oa mudk egRoA
bdkbZ&02 ¼1½ QksjkfefuQsjk ,oa ,aFkkstksvk thok”eksa dh vkdkfjdh ,oa HkwoSKkfud forj.kA
¼2½ xsLVªksiksMk ,oa ysfefyczsfUd;k thok”eksa dh vkdkfjdh ,oa HkwoSKkfud forj.kA
¼3½ flQsyksiksMk+ thok”eksa dh vkdkfjdh ,oa HkwoSKkfud forj.kA
¼4½ bfduk;Mh ,oa czsfd;ksiksMk thok”eksa dh vkdkfjdh ,oa HkwoSKkfud forj.kA
¼5½ VªkbyksckbV ,oa xzsIVksykbV thok”eksa dh vkdkfjdh ,oa HkwoSKkfud forj.kA
bdkbZ&03 ¼1½ laLrj foKku ds fl)kUr] HkwoSKkfud le; lkj.khA

¼2½ v”elaLrfjd] dkykuqØe laLrfjd ,oa tSo laLrfjd bdkbZ;ksa ds fo’k; esa ewyHkwr
/kkj.kk;saA
¼3½ Hkkjrh; miegk}hi dk lajpukRed ,oa HkkSfrdh; mifoHkktu ,oa mldh
fof”k’Vrk;saA
¼4½ Hkkjr o’kZ ds vk|egkdYih; ¼/kkjokj½ “kSyksa dk forj.k] oxhZdj.k] ,oa vkfFkZ d
egRoA
¼5½ NRrhlx<+ ds cLrj] jko?kkV] la?kksa dk forj.k] laLrj foKku ,oa vkfFkZd egRoA
19
bdkbZ&04 ¼1½ foU/; ,oa NRrhlx<+ egkla?k ds “kSyksa ds forj.k] lalrj foKku ,oa vkfFkZd
egRoA
¼2½ xksM
a okuk egkla?k dk laLrj foKku] iqjktyok;q] HkkSxksfyd forj.k ,oa vkfFkZd
egRoA
¼3½ MsDdu Vªsi dk laLrj foKku] HkkSxksfyd forj.k ,oa vk;qA
¼4½ ck?k laLrj ,oa ysesVk laLrj dk laLrj foKku] HkkSxksfyd forj.k ,oa thok”eA
¼5½ lkYV jst
a {ks=ksa ds iqjktho lewgksa dk HkkSxksfyd forj.k laLrj foKku ,oa
thokf”edhA
bdkbZ&05 ¼1½ fLiVh {ks=ksa ds iqjktho lewgksa dk HkkSxksfyd forj.k] laLrj foKku ,oa vkfFkZd
egRoA
¼2½ f=pukiYyh {ks= ds fØVsf”k;l “kSyksa dk laLrj foKku] thok”e ,oa vkfFkZdhA
¼3½ dPN {ks= ds tqjkfld “kSyksa dk laLrj foKku] thok”e ,oa vkfFkZdhA
¼4½ vle ds r`rh;d egk;qx lewg dk HkkSxksfyd forj.k laLrj foKku ,oa vkfFkZdhA
¼5½ f”kokfyd lewg dk laLrj foKku] HkkSxksfyd forj.k ,oa d”ks:dh; thok”eh;
rRoA
izk;ksfxd dk;Z%
¼1½ lS)kfrd ikB~;Øe ds vUrxZr mYysf[kr thok”eksa dh vkdkfjdh dk v/;;uA
¼2½ izeq[k ikni thok”eksa dk v/;;uA
¼3½ Hkkjr ds js[kk ekufp= esa fofHkUu laLrj foKkuh bdkbZ;ksa dks n”kkZukA
¼4½ Hkkjr ds izeq[k Hkwvkd`frd ,oa “kSy fooZrfud bdkbZ;ksa dks js[kk ekufp= esa
iznf”kZr djukA
Suggested Readings
¼1½ thok”e foKku ds fl)kar& MkW-vafcdk izlkn vxzoky
¼2½ thok”e foKku& MkW- vkj-ih- feJk
¼3½ vd”ks:dh ,oa d”ks:dh; thok”e foKku& MkW- nhid jkt frokjh
¼4½ Hkkjr o’kZ dk HkwfoKku& MkW-vafcdk izlkn vxzoky
20
¼5½ izk;ksfxd Hkw foKku Hkkx&3& MkW- xqIrk] iquoVdj] j?kqo”a kh
(6) Invertebrate Palaeontology- H.Woods.
(7) Introduction to Palaentology- A.N. Davis.
(8) An Introduction to Invertebrate Palaeontology- P.G. Jain & M.S.
Anantha Raman
(9) Historical Geology of India- Ravidra Kumar
(10) Geology of India- R.Vidhyanathan & M.Ramkrishne (GSI Publication)
(11) Geology of India & Burma- M.S. Krishnan.
21
Class- B.Sc-III
Paper –I
(Palaeontology & Stratigraphy )
Unit-1 (1) Palaeontology: Fossils- definition, Essentials for fossilization mode of

fossilization.
(2) Uses of fossils; Index fossils & their significance.
(3) Application of palaeontology in the study of stratigraphy. Palaeoecology
And Palaeo-geography.
(4) Micro palaeontology & their significance.
(5) Study of plant fossils & their significance.
Unit-2 (1) Morphology & Geologic distribution of foraminifera & Anthozoa fossils.
(2) Morphology & Geological distribution of Gastropoda and lamellibranchia
fossils.
(3) Morphology & Geological distribution or Cephalopoda.
(4) Morphology & Geological distribution or Echinoidae & Brachiopoda fossils.
(5) Morphology & Geological distribution of Triobite and Graptolite fossils.
Unit-3 (1) Principles of stratigraphy: Geological time scale.

(2) Basic concept of lithostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic & Biostratigraphic
Units.
(3) Structural & Physical Subdivision of Indian subcontinents.
(4) Distribution, classification & Economic importance or Archaeozoic rocks of
India (Dharwar)
(5) Distribution, Stratigraphy & Economic Importance of Bastar & Raoghat group
of rocks (Chhattisgarh)
Unit-4 (1) Distribution, stratigraphy & Economic importance of Vindhya & Chhattisgarh
group of rocks.
(2) Stratigraphy, Palaeoclimate, Geographical distribution & economic aspects of
22
Gondwana rocks.
(3) Stratigraphy, distribution & age of Deccan Traps.
(4) Stratigraphy, distribution & fossil contents of Bagh & Lameta Bed.
(5) Distribution, Stratigraphy & Palaeontology of salt Range group of rocks.
Unit-5 (1) Distribution, Stratigraphy & Economics of Palaeozoic rocks of Spiti Valley.
(2) Stratigraphy, Distribution, Fossil content of Cretaceous rocks of Trichinapalli.
(3) Stratigraphy, distribution, Fossil content & Economics of Jurassic rocks of
Kutch-Region.
(4) Distribution, Stratigraphy, economic importance of Tertiary rocks of Assam-
Region.
(5) Distribution, Stratigraphy & Palaeontological importance of Siwalik group of
rocks.
Practicals:-
(1) Study of Morphology of Fossils belonging to various phyla.
(2) Study of Important plant fossils.
(3) Representation of Litho-units & Stratigraphic Units in out line map of India.
(4) Sketching of physiographic and tectonic divisions of India.
23
d{kk@ Class- B.Sc-III
Paper –II
Hkwlalk/ku ,oa O;kogkfjd HkwfoKku
(Earth Resources & Applied Geology)
bdkbZ&01 ¼1½ vkfFkZd HkwfoKku ifjp; ,oa ifjizs{; % oSf”od [kfut fup; ,oa lalk/ku]
fnd~dky esa [kfut fu{ksiksa dk forj.kA
¼2½ [kfut fu{ksiksa dk oxhZdj.kA HkwoSKkfud rkiekihA
¼3½ v;Ld fuekZ.k dh eSXeh; lkanz.k fof/kA m’.ktyh; izfØ;k;saA
¼4½ vi{k; mRikn ,oa vof”k’V fu{ksiA vkDlhdj.k ,oa lYQkbM le`f) izØeA
¼5½ v;Ld fuekZ.k dh volknh izfØ;kA cyd`r lkanz.kA
bdkbZ&02 Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf[kr /kkfRod@v/kkfRod [kfut fu{ksiksa dh izkfIr voLFkk]
[kfutdh; fo”ks’krk] HkwoSKkfud ,oa HkkSxksfyd forj.k ,oa vkfFkZd mi;ksxksa dk forj.kA
¼1½ ykSg] eSxuht] Øksfe;eA
¼2½ rkez] lhlk] tLrkA
¼3½ lksuk] vY;qfefu;eA
¼4½ rkilg ,oa moZjd[kfutA
¼5½ lhesVa ,oa dsfedy m|ksx esa iz;qDr [kfutA
bdkbZ&03 ¼1½ dks;yk fu{ksiksa dh mRifRr] ifjHkk’kk ,oa laLrj foKkuA

¼2½ dksy ”kSfydh ds ewyHkwrrF;A ihV] fyXukbZV] fcVwfeul] ,aFkzklkbV dksy] Hkkjrh;
dksy fu{ksi% fo”ks’k lanHkZ esa NRrhlx<+A
¼3½ izkd`frd gkbMªksdkcZu dh mRifRr] LFkkukarj.k ,oa lap;uA vk;y Vªsi ds izdkj%
lajpukRed] laLrj foKkuh ,oa fefJrA Hkkjr ds rVh; ,oa virVh; isVªksfy;e
fu{ksiA
¼4½ jsfM;ks/kehZ [kfut% [kfutfoKku] Hkwjlk;u] iwosZ{k.k rdfudh] Hkkjr esa HkkSxksfyd
,oa HkwoSKkfud forj.kA
24
¼5½ [kfut vkfFkZdh ds fl)kUr] jk’Vªh; [kfutuhfrA
bdkbZ&04 ¼1½ HkwvfHk;kaf=dh foKku ,oa mldk egRoA “kSyksa ds vfHk;kaf=dh xq.kA
¼2½ o`gn~ cka/k ,oa lqjax fuekZ.k ds fy;s HkwoSKkfud ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk v/;;uA
¼3½ gokbZ Nk;kfp=ksa ,oa mixzg besft;jh dk izkjafHkd v/;;uA “kgjh fodkl esa
lqnwj laosnu rduhdh dk vuqiz;ksxA
¼4½ typØA Hkwfexr ty dh izkfIr voLFkkA Hkwty dh xq.koRrkA
¼5½ “kSyksa ds Hkwtyh; xq.kA tyHk`r laLrjksa dk oxhZdj.kA Hkkjr dk Hkwty izn”s kA
bdkbZ&05 ¼1½ [kfut vaos’k.k dk ifjp;A [kfut vUos’k.k dh lrgh ,oa v/kkslrgh fof/k;kWA
¼2½ vkfFkZd [kfutksa ds fy;s iwoZs{k.k fof/k;kW% Mªhfyax] izfrp;u ,oa vkekiuA
¼3½ HkwHkkSfrdh; iwosZ{k.krduhd% xq:Roh;] fo|qrh; ,oa pqEcdh; fof/k;kWA
¼4½ gokbZ iwosZ{k.k fof/k ,oa HkwdEih; fof/k;kWaA
¼5½ [kfut L=ksarksa ds vR;kf/kd nksgu ds Ik;kZoj.kh; izHkkoA
iz;ksfxd dk;Z%
¼1½ lS)kfUrd ikB~;Øe esa fn;s izeq[k /kkfRod@v/kkfRod [kfutksa dk HkkSfrd@
izdk”kh; xq.kksa ds vk/kkj ij v/;;uA
¼2½ Hkkjr ds js[kk ekufp= esa izeq[k /kkfRod@v/kkfRod [kfutksa dk forj.k n”kkZukA
¼3½ dks;yk ,oa mlds fofHkUu izdkjksa ds uewuksa dk LFkwyn”khZ v/;;uA
¼4½ [kfut fu’d’kZ.k ls lacfa /kr izk;ksfxd vH;kl dk;Z% fu{ksi vkdyu] Vust QsDVj
vkdyu] Mªhfyax vkfn ls vH;klA
¼5½ fLVfj;ksLdksi ds }kjk ,sfj;y Nk;kfp= dk v/;;u ,oa foospukA
¼6½ mixzg besft;jh dk v/;;u ,oa foospukA
¼7½ “kSyksa ds HkkSetyh; xq.kksa dk v/;;u] HkkSetyh; ekufp=ksa dk cukuk ,oa v/;;u
¼8½ nl fnolh; HkwoSKkfud {ks=h; v/;;u
25
Suggested Readings:
¼1½ vkfFkZd HkwfoKku& d`’.k xksiky O;kl
¼2½ vkfFkZd ,oa O;kogkfjd HkwfoKku& vkj-ih- ekatjsdj
¼3½ HkkSety foKku& ,y-ds- fjNkfj;k
¼4½ izkjafHkd [kfudh& ch-ds- flag
¼5½ izk;ksfxd HkwfoKku Hkkx&3& xqIrk] iquoVdj ,oa j?kqo”a kh
(6) Economic mineral deposits of India- Umeshwar Prasad.
(7) Economic mineral deposits- A.Bateman
(8) Ore-deposit of India- Gokhale & Rao
(9) India’s Mineral Resource- S. Krishnaswami
(10) Principle of Engineering Geology & Geotechniques- Krynine & Judd.
(11) Groundwater Hydrology- D.K. Todd
(12) Courses in mining Geology- R.N.P. Arogyaswami
(13) Principle & Application of photogeology- S.N. Pandey.
(14) Ground water- Assessment, Development & Management- K.R. Karanth
(15) Geophysical methods in Geology- P.V. Sharma.
(16) Environmental Geology- K.S. Valdiya (1987)
26
Class- B.Sc-III
Paper –II
(Earth Resources & Applied Geology)
Unit-1 (i) Economic Geology & its perspectives; Global mineral deposit & resource.
Distribution of mineral deposits in time & space.
(ii) Classification of mineral deposits. Geological thermometers.
(iii) Magmatic & Hydrothermal processes of mineral formation.
(iv) Weathering : product & Residual deposit. Oxidation & sulphide supergene
Enrichment processes.
(vi) Sedimentary processes of mineral formation. Placer deposits.
Unit-2 Geological, Geographical distribution, mode of occurrence, mineralogy & economic

importance of following metallic & nonmetallic deposits of India.
(i) Iron, Manganes, Chromium
(ii) Copper, Lead, Zinc
(iii) Gold, Aluminium
(iv) Refractory and Fertilizer minerals
(v) Minerals used in cement & chemical industries.
Unit-3 (i) Coal deposit: Origin, Definition & stratigraphy

(ii) Fundamentals of coal petrography. Peat, Lignite, Bituminous & Anthracite
Coal deposits of Chhattisgarh.
(iii) Origin of Natural-hydrocarbon, migration & accumulation. Types of oil traps;
Structural, stratigraphic and composite. Offshore & onshore oil deposits of
India.
(iv) Radioactive mineral : Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Prospecting techniques,
Geological & Geographical distribution of atomic-mineral.
(vi) Principles of mineral economics. National mineral policy.
Unit-4 (i) Engineering geology & its importance, Engineering properties of rocks
27
(ii) Geological conditions for establishing of large Dam and Tunnels.
(iii) Elementary study of Aerial photographs & satellite Imageries. Application of
remote sensing in town-planning.
(iv) Hydrologic cycle. Mode of occurrence of ground water, Quality of ground
water.
(v) Hydrologic properties of rocks. Classification of Aquifers. Ground water
provinces of India.
Unit-5 (i) Introduction to mineral exploration, Surface & subsurface methods of

mineral Exploration.
(ii) Prospection methods; Drilling, Sampling & Assaying.
(iii) Geophysical prospecting techniques : Gravity, Electrical & Magnetic methods.
(iv) Aerial and seismic prospecting methods.
(v) Environmental impacts of over exploitation of mineral resources.
Practical-
(1) Study of important metallic/nonmetallic minerals on the basis of physical & optical
properties.
(2) Distribution of main metallic/nonmetallic deposits within outline map of India.
(3) Magascopic studies of coal & its varieties.
(4) Exercises related with mineral exploration; Reserve calculation, Tonnage factor calculation,
Exercises related with drilling.
(5) Study of Aerial photographs with the help of stereoscopes.
(6) Study of satellite imageries.
(7) Study of hydrologic properties of rocks, Preparation of hydrological maps.
(8) Geological excursion for ten days.
*******
28
BIOCHEMISTRY
PAPER - I
ENZYMOLOGY M.M. 50
UNIT-I INTRODUCTION
History, general characteristics, nomenclature, IUB enzyme classification (rationale,
over view and specific examples), significance of numbering system. Definitions with
examples of holoenzyme, apoenzyme, coenzymes. cofactors, activators, inhibitors,
active site (identification of groups excluded), metallo-enzymes, units of enzyme
activity, specific enzymes, Isoenzymes, monomeric enzymes, oligomeric enzymes
and multienzyme complexes. Enzyme specificity.
Hostorical perspective, nature of non-enzymatic and enzymatic catalysis. Measure-
ment and expression of enzyme activity-enzyme assays. Definition of IU, Katal,
enzyme turn over number and specific acitivity. Role of non-protein organic molecules
and inorganic ions coenzyme, prosthetic groups. Role of vitamins as coenzymes
precursors (general treatment).
UNIT-I ENZYME CATALSIS
UNIT-I
Role of cofactors in enzyme catalysis : NAD/NADP+, FMN/FAD, coenzyme A,
biocytin, cobamide, lipoamide, TPP, pyridoxal phosphate, tetrahydrofolate and metal
ions with special emphasis on coenzyme functions. Acid-base catalysis, covalent,
proximity and orientaton effects, strain and distortion theory. Mechanism of action of
chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, ribonuclease and lysozyme.
UNIT-III ENZYME PURIFICATION
UNIT-I
Methods for isolation, purification and characterization of enzymes.
UNIT-I
UNIT-IVV ENZYME KINETICS
Factors affecting enzyme activity : enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, pH
and temperature. Derivation of Michaelis-Menten equation for uni-substrate reactions.
Km and its significance. Line weaver-Burk plot and its limitations. Importance of Kcal/
K m . Bi-substrate reactions-brief introduction to sequential and ping-pong mechanism
with examples.
Kinetics of zero and first order reactions. Significance and evaluation of energy of
activation and free energy.
Reversible and irreversible inhibition, competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive
inhibitions. determination of Km & Vmax in presence and absence of inhibitor. Allosteric
enzymes.
UNIT-V INDUSTRIAL AND CLINICAL APLLICATION OF ENZYME.
UNIT-V
Immobilization of enzyme and their industrial applications. Production of glucose from
starch, cellulose and dextran; use of lactase in dairy industry; production of glucose-
fructose syrup from sucrose; use proteases in food, detergent and leather industry;
medical application of enzymes. use of glucose oxidase in enzyme electrodes.
B.Sc.-II (58)
PAPER - II
INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM M.M. 50
UNIT-I INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM
General features of metabolism, experimental approaches to study metabolism; use
of intact organism, becterial mutants, tissue slices, stable and radioactive isotopes.
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Reactions and energetics of glycolysis. Alcoholic and lactic acid fermentations. Entry
of fructose, galactose, mannose etc. Reactions and energetics of TCA cycle.
Gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, Reactions and physiological
signifacance of pentose phosphate pathway. Regulation of glycolysis and TCA cycle.
Photosynthesis, a brief review.
UNIT-I
UNIT-II ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
Structure of mitochondria, sequence of electron carriers, sites of ATP production,
inhibitors of electron transport chain. Hypothesis of mitochondrial oxidative phospho-
rylation (basic concepts). Inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.
Transport of reducing potentials into mitochondria.
UNIT-III LIPID METABOLISM
Introduction, hydrolysis of triacylglycerols, transport of fatty acids into mitochondria.
β − oxidation of saturated fatty acids, ATP yield from fatty acid oxidation. biosynthesis
of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Metabolism of ketone bodies, oxidation of
unsaturated and odd chain fatty acids. Biosynthesis of triglycerides and important
phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol. Regulation of cholesterol
metabolism.
UNIT-IV AMINO ACID METABOLISM
General reactions of amino acid metabolism : transmination, oxodative deamination
and decarboxylation. Urea cycle. Degradation and biosynthesis of amino acids.
Glycogenic and ketogenic amino acids.
UNIT-V NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM
Sources of the atoms in the purine and pyrimidine molecules. Biosynthesis and
degradation of purines and pyrimidines. Regulation of purine and pyrimidine
biosynthesis.
PORPHYRIN METABOLISM
Biosynthesis and degradation of porphyrins. Production of bile pigments.
PRECTICAL
1. Separation of Blood Plasm and Serum
a. Estimation of proteins from serum by biuret and lowry methods.
b. Determination of albumin and A/G ratio in serum.
2. Estimation of bilirubin (conjugated and unconjugated) in serum.
3. .
i Estimation of total lipids in serum by vanillin method.
B.Sc.-II (59)
ii. Estimation of cholesterol in serum.
4. Estimation of lipoproteins in plasma.
5. Estimation of lactic acid in blood before and after exercise.
6. Estimation of blood urea nitrogen from plasma.
7. Separation and identification of amino acids by (a) paper chromatography and (b) thin-
layer chromatography.
8. Separation of polar and non-polar lipids by thin-layer chromatography.
9. Estimation of SGPT and SGOT in serum.
10. a. Assay of serum alkaline phosphatase activity.
b. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity by EDTA.
c. Effect of substrate concentration on alkaline phosphatase activity and determination
of its K m value.
11. a. Effect of temperature on enzyme activity and determination of activation energy.
b. Effect of pH on enzyme activity and determination of optimum pH.
c. Effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity.
12. a. Preparation of starch from potato and its hydrolysis by salivary amylase.
b. Determination of achromatic point in salivary amylase.
c. Effect of sodium chloride onamylases.
---------
B.Sc.-II (60)
B.Sc.–II (BOTANY) PAPER-I
(PLANT TAXONOMY, ECONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT ANATOMY AND
EMBRYOLOGY)
UNIT-I
Bentham and Hooker system of classification.Binomial Nomenclature, International Code of

Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and plants (IUCN), Typification, numerical Taxonomy and
chemotaxonomy. Preservation of Plant material and Herbarium techniques.Important botanical
gardens and herbaria of India, Kew Botanical garden, England.
UNIT-II
Systematic position, distinguishing characters and economic importance of the following

families, Ranunculaceae, Magnoliaceae, Brassicaeae, Rosaceae, Papaveraceae, Caryophyllaceae,
Rutaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae,
Malvaceae, Convolvulaceae, Orchidaceae, Acanthaceae, verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae,
Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae and Liliaceae.
UNIT-III
Economic Botany: Botanical name, family, part used and uses of the following economically
important plants, fiber yielding plants; Cotton, jute, sun, hemp, coir.Timber yielding plants: Sal,
Teak, Shisham and Pine.Medicinal plants: Kalmegh, Ashwangandha, Ghritkumari, Giloy,
Brahmi, sarpgandha, ---of medicinal plants of C.G. Food plants: Pearl millet, Buck of wheat,
Sorghum, Soyabean, gram, Ground nut, Sugarcane and Potato.Fruit plants: Pear, Peach, Litchi.
Spices: Cinnamon, Turmeric, Ginger, Asafoetida and Cumin. Beverages : Tea, Coffee Rubber
Cultivation of important flowers: Chrysanthemum, Dahelia, Biodiesel plants Jatropha, Pongamia
Ethnobotany in context of Chhattisgarh.
UNIT-IV
Plant Anatomy: Root and shoot apical meristems theories of root and shoot apex organization,
permanent tissues, anatomy of root, stem and leaf of dicot and monocot, secondary growth in
root and stem, Anatomical anomalies in the primary structure of stems (Nyctanthes, Boerhaavia,
Casuarina), Anamolous secondary growth in Dracaena, Bignonia, Laptadenia.
UNIT-V
Embryology: Flower as a reproductive organ, anther, microsporogenesis, types of ovules,

megasporogenesis, development of male and female gametophyte, pollination, mechanisms, self
incompatibility, fertilization, endosperm, embryo, polyembryonoy, apomixes and parthenocarpy.
Books Recommended:
Singh, Pandey,Jain. Diversity and Systematics of Seed Plants, Rastogi Publications Merrut
Sharma OP, Plant Taxonomy, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi
Pandey BP, Taxonomy of Angiosperms, S. Chand Publishing, New Delhi
Pandey, BP, Plant Anatomy, S.Chand Publishing, New Delhi
Pandey, BP, Economic Botany, S.Chand Publishing, New Delhi
Bhojwani, SS and Bhatanagar SP, Embryology of Angiosperm, Vikas Publication House, New
Delhi
Singh, Pandey, Jain, Embryology of Angiosperms, Rastogi Publication, Meerut
Sharma, V, Alum, A. Ethnobotany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut
Tayal, MS Plant Anatomy, Rastogi Publication, Meerut
(Dr. J.N. Verma) (Dr.Rekha Pimpalgaonkar ) ( Dr.Ranjana Shristava)
Proff. & Head Proff. & Head Proff. & Head
Govt. D.B. Girls PG College Govt. N PG Science College Govt. VYTPG Science College
Raipur, (C.G.) Raipur, (C.G.) Raipur, (C.G.)
(Mrs. Sanchal Moghe) (Mr. Shivakant Mishra) (Mr Sudheer Tiwari)
Govt. Bilasa Girls College, Bilaspur

B.Sc.-II (BOTANY) PAPER-II
(ECOLOGY AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY)
UNIT-I
Introduction and scope of ecology, environmental and ecological factors, Soil formation and soil
profile, Liebig’s law of minimum, Shelford’s law of tolerance, morphological and anatomical
adapataions in hydrophytes, xerophytes and epiphytes.
UNIT-II
Population and community characteristics, Raunkiaer’s life forms, population interactions (e.g.
Symbiosis, Amensalism etc.), succession, ecotone and edge effect, ecological niches, ecotypes,
ecads, keystone species
Concept of ecosystem, trophic levels, flow of energy in ecosystem, food chain and food web,
concept of ecological pyramids
Biogeochemical cycles:carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle and phosphorus cycle
UNIT-III
Plant water relations: Diffusion, permeability, osmosis, imbibitions, plasmolysis, osmotic
potential and water potential, Types of soil water, water holding capacity, wilting, Absorption of
water, theories of Ascent of sap, Mineral nutrition and absorption, Deficiency symptoms,
Transpiration, stomatal movement, significance of transpiration, Factors affecting transpiration,
guttation.
UNIT-IV
Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic apparatus and pigments, light reaction mechanism of ATP
synthesis. C3, C4 CAM pathway of carbon reduction, photorespiration, factors affecting
photosynthesis.
Respiration: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration, Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, factors affecting
respiration, R.Q.
UNIT-V
Plant growth hormones: Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin, Ethylene and Abscissic acid. Physiology
of flowering, Florigen concept, Photoperiodism and Vernalization. Seed dormancy and
germination, plant movement.
Books Recommended:
Koromondy, EJ. Concepts of Ecology, Prentice Hall, USA
Singh, JS Singh SP and Gupta SR. Ecology and Environmental Science and Conservation, S.
Chand Publishing, New Delhi
Sharma, PD. Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, Merrut
Hopkins, WG and Huner, PA. Introduction to Plant Physiology, John Wiley and Sons.
Pandey SN and Sinha BK, Plant Physiology, Vikas Publishing, New Delhi
Taiz, L and Zeiger. E. Plant Physiology, 5th edition, Sinauer Associates Inc. M.A, USA
Srivastava, HS Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Rastogi Publications, Meerut
B.Sc. II (BOTANY)
Practical
1. Taxonomy: Detailed description and identification of locally available plants of the
families as prescribed in the theory paper.
2. Economic Botany: Identification and comment on the plants and plant products
belonging to different economic use categories
3. Preparation of Herbarium of local wild plants.
4. Quantitative vegetation analysis of a grassland ecosystem.
5. Anatomical characteristics of hydrophytes and xerophytes.
6. Demonstration of root pressure.
7. Demonstration of transpiration.
8. Demonstration of evolution of O2 in photosynthesis, factors affecting of photosynthesis.
9. Comparison of R.Q. of different respiratory substrates.
10. Demonstration of fermentation.
11. Determination of BOD of a water body.
12. Demonstration of mitosis.
PRACTICAL SCHEME
TIME: 4 Hrs. M.M. : 50
1. Anatomy 08
2. Economic Botany 04
3. Physiology 08
4. Ecology 10
5. Spotting 10
6. Viva-Voce 05
7. Project Work/ Field Study 10
(Dr. J.N. Verma (Dr. Rekha Pimpalgaonkar ) ( Dr.Ranjana Shristava)
Proff. & Head Proff. & Head Proff. & Head
Govt. D.B. Girls PG College Govt. N PG Science College Govt. VYTPG Science College
Raipur, (C.G.) Raipur, (C.G.) Raipur, (C.G.)
(Mrs. Sanchal Moghe) (Mr. Shivakant Mishra) (Mr Sudheer Tiwari)
Govt. Bilasa Girls College, Bilaspur

Zoology
B.Sc. Part – II 2018-19
Paper – I
(Anatomy and Physiology)
Comparative Anatomy of various organ systems of vertebrates:
Unit: I
• Integument and its derivatives: structure of scales, hair and feathers
• Alimentary canal and digestive glands in vertebrates
• Respiratory organs : Gills and lung , air-sac in birds
Unit: II
• Endoskeleton: (a) Axial Skeleton- Skull and Vertebrae, (b) Appendicular Skeleton
Limbs and girdles
• Circulatory System: Evolution of heart and aortic arches
• Urinogenital System: Kidney and excretory ducts
Unit: III
• Nervous System: General plan of brain and spinal cord
• Ear and Eye: structure and function
• Gonads and genital ducts
Unit: IV
• Digestion and absorption of dietary components
• Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle and ECG
• Blood Coagulation
• Respiration: mechanism and control of breathing
Unit: V
• Excretion: Physiology of excretion, osmoregulation
• Physiology of muscle contraction
• Physiology of nerve impulse, Synaptic transmission
Zoology
B.Sc. Part – II 2018-19
Paper-II
VERTEBRATE ENDOCRINOLOGY, REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
BEHAVIOUR, EVOLUTION AND APPLIED ZOOLOGY
Unit: I
• Structure and function of Endocrine glands
• Hormone receptor
• Biosynthesis and secretion of thyroid, adrenal, ovarian and testicular hormones
• Endocrine disorder of pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and pancreas
Unit:II
• Reproductive cycle in vertebrates
• Menstruation, lactation and pregnancy
• Mechanism of parturition
• Hormonal regulation of gametogenesis
Unit: III
• Evidences of organic evolution.
• Theories of organic evolution.
• Variation, Mutation, Isolation and Natural selection.
• Evolution of Horse
Unit:IV
• Introduction to Ethology: Branches and concept of ethology.
• Patterns of Behaviour, Taxes, Reflexes, Drives and Stereotyped behaviour.
• Reproductive behavioural patterns.
• Drugs and behavior, Hormones and behaviour
Unit:V
• Prawn Culture
• Sericulture
• Apiculture
• Pisciculture
• Poultry keeping
• Elements of Pest Control: Chemical & Biological Control
Zoology
B.Sc. Part II 2018-19
Practical
The practical work in general shall be based on the syllabus prescribed and the students will be
required to show the knowledge of the following:
• Study of the representative examples of the different chordates (Classified characters).
• Dissection of various systems of scoliodon-Afferent and Efferent branchial cranial
nerves, internal ear.
Alternative methods: By Clay/Thermacol/ Drawing/ Model etc.)
• Simple microscopic technique through unstained or stained permanent mount.
• Study of prepared slides histological, as per theory papers.
• Study of limb girdles and vertebrae of Frog, Varanus, Fowl and Rabbit.
• Identification of species and individual of honey bee.
• Life cycle of honey bee and silkworm.
• Exercise based on Evolution and Animal behavior.
Scheme of Practical Exam Time: 3:30hrs
• Major dissection (Cranial nerves/efferent branchial vessel) 10

• Exercise based on evolution 05
• Exercise based on applied zoology 05
• Exercise based on animal behavior 04
• Spotting-8 (slides-4,bones-2,specimen-2) 16
• Viva 05
• Sessional marks. 05

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MATHEMATICS

1. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson and P. L. Gaus, Wiley

CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC HALIDES

1. Organic Chemistry, Morrison and Boyd, Prentice-Hall.

1. Physical Chemistry, G. M. Barrow, International student edition, McGraw Hill.

(a) Determination of acetic acid in commercial vinegar using NaOH.

 Detection of elements (X, N, S).

 Determination of heat capacity of a calorimeter for different volumes using change of

Molecular Weight Determination

Determination of molecular weight by Rast Camphor and Landsburger method.

Hrs.5 PRACTICAL EXAMINATION M.M.50

Three Experiments are to be performed.

Paper- I: Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering

Text Books Recommended:

Paper- II: Bioinstrumentation and Biostatistics

UNIT-2: pH metry and chromatography

Text Books Recommended:

Determination of antibiotic resistance by plating method.

Scheme of Practical Examination

1. Exercise on spectrophotometer/ pH meter 10

Analog Modulation: Amplitude Modulation, modulation index and frequency

Introduction to Communication and Navigation systems:

Syllabus B.Sc. Electronics approved by CBOS on 11.06.2018

1. Electronic Communications, D. Roddy and J. Coolen, Pearson Education India.

2. Advanced Electronics Communication Systems- Tomasi, 6th edition, Prentice Hall.

4. Electronic Communication systems, G. Kennedy, 3rdEdn., 1999, Tata McGraw Hill.

5. Principles of Electronic communication systems – Frenzel, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill

6. Communication Systems, S. Haykin, 2006, Wiley India

7. Electronic Communication system, Blake, Cengage, 5th edition.

8. Wireless communications, Andrea Goldsmith, 2015, Cambridge University Press

Syllabus B.Sc. Electronics approved by CBOS on 11.06.2018

Syllabus B.Sc. Electronics approved by CBOS on 11.06.2018

4. Microprocessor and Microcontrollers, N. Senthil Kumar, 2010, Oxford University Press

5. 8051 microcontrollers, Satish Shah, 2010, Oxford University Press.

8. Embedded Microcomputer systems: Real time interfacing, J.W. Valvano 2011,

Syllabus B.Sc. Electronics approved by CBOS on 11.06.2018

ELB 203P: COMMUNICATIONELECTRONICS LAB

2. To study envelope detector for demodulation of AM signal

3. To study FM - Generator and Detector circuit

4. To study AM Transmitter and Receiver

5. To study FM Transmitter and Receiver

6. To study Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

7. To study Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

8. To study Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

9. To study Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)

10. To study ASK, PSK and FSK modulators

1. Electronic Communication systems, G. Kennedy, 1999, Tata McGraw Hill.

Syllabus B.Sc. Electronics approved by CBOS on 11.06.2018

Syllabus B.Sc. Electronics approved by CBOS on 11.06.2018

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & BIOPHYSICS

1. DNA Replication: Enzymes involved and mechanism of DNA Replication in Prokaryotes.

1. Genetic Code: Features, Condon Assignment and Wobble hypothesis.

1. Biophysics : Introduction, Scope and Application

1. Radioisotopes techniques: Measurement of radioactivity, Ionization Chambers, Geiger Muller

1. Gerald Karp - Cell and Molecular biology, 4th Edition (2005).

RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGYAND GENOMICS

1. Vectors: Plasmid, Bacteriophages, Cosmid, SV40 and Expression vectors.

1. PCR: Types of PCR, Steps (Denaturation, Annealing and Extension); Applications,

1. Basic concept of Gene Transfer Methods: Microinjection, Electroporation, Lipofection and