Equations of Motion

Welcome to…
EQUATIONS OF
LINEAR MOTION
OBJECTIVES
Derive and apply the equations of

linear motion.
Solve numerical problems using the
equations of linear motion.
In groups discuss the
derivation of equations of
linear motion.
Present to the class the findings on derivation.
Go to seesaw and attempt questions on the

applications of the equation.
DERIVING EQUATIONS
Consider a body moving with
uniform acceleration with
positive velocity, 3 equations apply:
a = v - u/t velocity (v)
time (t)
Make v the subject of the formula, you get:
v = u + at…………………………………..equation 1
Second equation of motion:
The displacement of a body = average

velocity X time
s = (v+u/2 )t
Substitute v with v = u + at and open the

brackets you get:
s = ut +1/2at²………………….equation 2
Third equation of motion
The displacement of a body = average velocity X

time
s = (v+u/2 )t
Substitute t with t = (v-u)/a then expand to get:
v² = u ² +
2as……………………………………..equation 3
For retardation, a is negative,
hence:
v = u - at……………………………………equation
1
s = ut -1/2at²……………………equation 2
v² = u² - 2as………………………………equation 3
Motion for free fall
Free fall can only occur in a vacuum, but if air resistance is
ignored, all bodies fall with a constant acceleration of
9.8m/s².
In a vacuum, a feather and a stone released from the same

height will land on the floor at the same time.
Since g is constant, the 3 equations of motion applies:
v = u + gt……………………………………equation 1
s = ut +1/2gt²……………………equation 2
v² = u² + 2gs………………………………equation 3
Vertical projection
When a body is projected vertically upwards, it undergoes
a uniform retardation due to gravitational pull.
The body thus slows down and comes to rest, then starts
falling with increasing velocity (i.e free fall)
When rising, the 3 equations of motion holds and g is

negative:
v = u - gt……………………………………equation 1
s = ut -1/2gt²……………………equation 2
v² = u² - 2gs………………………………equation 3
Time to reach maximum height
At maximum height, v = 0
From v = u - gt, substitute v with zero and make

t the subject of the formula, you get:
t = u/g………… time taken to reach maximum

height.
Time of flight
If the body goes up and falls back to its original point
of projection, s = o
From s = ut -1/2gt² ,substitute s with zero and make t

the subject of the formula, you get:
t = 2u/g………………………time of flight
Time of flight is double the time taken to reach

maximum height.
Maximum height reached
If a body is thrown upwards, the maximum height

reached is where the velocity is zero.
Using the third equation, and subsetuting v with zero

and s with Hmax, we get:
Hmax = u²/2g
Horizontal projection
Evident when water jets u

out from a horizontal pipe
or firing a bullet when the
gun is held horizontally.
The path followed by a

projectile is called the
trajectory.
vertical displacement (s)
horizontal distance (R)

The horizontal velocity u is constant i.e
doesn’t change, so the acceleration is zero.
Distance R is the range given by: R = ut.
The body also experiences free fall where u =

0 and a = g which is a constant.
Hence: height (s) = 1/2gt²

ACTIVITY
1) A matatu starts from rest and

accelerates to cover a distance of 49m
in 7 seconds. Determine:
(i) its acceleration.
(ii) its velocity after 7 seconds.
ACTIVITY
2) An object at rest is dropped from a height of

80m.
(i) Sketch a velocity-time graph for the object.
(ii) Determine how long it takes to reach the
ground.
(iii) Determine the velocity as it hits the ground.
ACTIVITY
3) An object is projected vertically upwards

with a velocity of 200m/s. Calculate:
a) Its velocity after 5 seconds
b) The distance covered in the first 8
seconds.
c)The maximum height reached.
ACTIVITY
4) A gun is fired vertically upwards from the top of an
open truck moving horizontally at a uniform velocity
of 50m/s. The bullet attains a maximum height of
45m. Calculate:
i) The time taken by the bullet to reach the maximum
height.
ii) The distance covered by the truck just before the
bullet reaches the level from which it was fired.
ACTIVITY
5) A ball is thrown horizontally from top of a vertical
tower and strikes the ground at a point 50m from the
bottom of the tower. Given that the height of the tower
is 45m, determine the:
i) Time taken by the ball to hit the ground.
ii) Initial horizontal velocity of the
ball. iii) Vertical
velocity of the ball just before striking the ground.
ACTIVITY
6) A stone and a feather are dropped from

rest from a building 20m tall. If they reach
the ground at the same time, find:
(a) The velocity with which they reach the
ground. (Take g=l0m/s )2
(b) The condition under which they fall.

ACTIVITY
7) A ball is kicked from a table top

horizontally so that it moves and fall
some distance on the horizontal ground
65cm away from the base of the table. If
the table is a half a metre tall, calculate
the initial horizontal velocity of the ball.
ACTIVITY
8) The figure shows the 20m/s
starting of motion of two

arrows 10m above the 20m/s
ground. Both arrows were

shot with initial velocity of 10m
20m/s, from one point and

at the same instant.
ACTIVITY
(i) Determine the total height reached by the arrow

shot vertically.
(ii) Calculate the time of flight taken by the arrow
shot horizontally as it strikes the ground.
(iii) Calculate the horizontal distance covered by

the arrow shot horizontally as it strikes the ground.
ACTIVITY 2
Read the subsequent examples and do the

exercise.
end…

Equations of Motion

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Welcome to…

Derive and apply the equations of

Go to seesaw and attempt questions on the

uniform acceleration with

positive velocity, 3 equations apply:

a = v - u/t velocity (v)

The displacement of a body = average

Substitute v with v = u + at and open the

The displacement of a body = average velocity X

Substitute t with t = (v-u)/a then expand to get:

In a vacuum, a feather and a stone released from the same

Since g is constant, the 3 equations of motion applies:

When rising, the 3 equations of motion holds and g is

From v = u - gt, substitute v with zero and make

t = u/g………… time taken to reach maximum

From s = ut -1/2gt² ,substitute s with zero and make t

Time of flight is double the time taken to reach

If a body is thrown upwards, the maximum height

Using the third equation, and subsetuting v with zero

Evident when water jets u

The path followed by a

horizontal distance (R)

Distance R is the range given by: R = ut.

The body also experiences free fall where u =

Hence: height (s) = 1/2gt²

1) A matatu starts from rest and

2) An object at rest is dropped from a height of

3) An object is projected vertically upwards

6) A stone and a feather are dropped from

(b) The condition under which they fall.

7) A ball is kicked from a table top

starting of motion of two

ground. Both arrows were

20m/s, from one point and

(i) Determine the total height reached by the arrow

(iii) Calculate the horizontal distance covered by

Read the subsequent examples and do the

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