Scribd
Upload
31 views1 page

PHB 103 Tutorial 2

The document contains 7 questions related to physics concepts like quantum mechanics, lasers, and thermodynamics. Question 1 asks to draw states of a 3-level system using different particle statistics. Question 2 involves calculating electron concentration in a semiconductor conduction band using Fermi-Dirac distribution. Question 3 compares spontaneous and stimulated emission rates at room temperature. Question 4 gives a probability calculation using Fermi functions. The last few questions define lasers, explain population inversion, and ask about the wavelengths and pumping mechanisms of Ruby and He-Ne lasers.

Uploaded by

Dheerajpreet Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views1 page

PHB 103 Tutorial 2

The document contains 7 questions related to physics concepts like quantum mechanics, lasers, and thermodynamics. Question 1 asks to draw states of a 3-level system using different particle statistics. Question 2 involves calculating electron concentration in a semiconductor conduction band using Fermi-Dirac distribution. Question 3 compares spontaneous and stimulated emission rates at room temperature. Question 4 gives a probability calculation using Fermi functions. The last few questions define lasers, explain population inversion, and ask about the wavelengths and pumping mechanisms of Ruby and He-Ne lasers.

Uploaded by

Dheerajpreet Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

Department of Physics, IIT Roorkee

PHB-103 Tutorial 2
Date of Assignment: 9th February 2024

1. Consider a system of three levels in which you have to fill three particles, draw all the possible states
of the system according to a) Maxwell-Boltzmann b) Bose-Einstein c) Fermi-Dirac distribution. What
kind of particle fits each of the distribution? Give an example of each.

2. Let’s consider a semiconductor where the conduction band is 0.23 eV above the Fermi level (EF =
5.2 eV), note that we can not have any states in the gap, but we can obtain the probability. Use
Fermi-Dirac distribution and the density of available states N (E) ≈ 1015 cm−3 , a constant, to find the
concentration of electrons in the conduction band. HINT: Integrate for all the values of E possible.
3. As a mechanism for downward transitions, spontaneous emission competes with thermally stimulated
emission (stimulated emission for which Planck’s radiation is a source). Show that at room temperature
(T = 300 K) thermal stimulation dominates for frequencies well below 5×1012 Hz, whereas spontaneous
emission dominates for frequencies well below 5 × 1012 Hz. Which mechanism dominates for visible
light?
4. In a solid, consider the energy level lying 0.11 eV below the Fermi level. Find the probability of this
level not being occupied by the electron at T = 489 K, given:

Σns ns exp(−βns Eg )
f (Eg ) = (1)
Σns exp(−βns Eg )

where ns is the number of particles we can have in each states, β = 1/KT is a constant for given T
and Eg is the energy gap between Fermi level and the given energy level.
5. Define what a laser is and highlight its properties. Explain how population inversion is achieved in
three-level and four-level lasers?

6. Mercury vapors at 356°C can be considered an excited state of mercury. Suppose a laser could be
constructed based on the transition from mercury vapor to liquid mercury, where the energy lost
per molecule of mercury vapor manifests as a photon. Determine the frequency of such a photon and
identify the corresponding region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The heat of vaporization of mercury
is approximately 59.11 kJ/mol, its molar mass is 200.59 g/mol.

7. Compare and contrast the wavelength of emission between a Ruby laser and a He-Ne laser. Explain
the role of the pumping mechanism in both the lasers.

You might also like