DAY 3 - ALGEBRA

PROBLEM SET # 3

INSTRUCTION: Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer of your
choice.
1. The salary of an employee’s job has five levels, each one 7% greater than the
one below it. Due to circumstances, the salary of the employee must be reduced
from the top (fifth) level to the second level, which results in a reduction of $122.00
per month. What is the employee’s present salary per month?
A. $624.12
B. $644.12
C. $664.12
D. $684.12
Solution:
Let Sn be the salary at n
𝑆3 = 1.07𝑆2
𝑆4 = 1.07𝑆3
𝑆5 = 1.07𝑆4
𝑆5 = 1.07(1.07𝑆3 )
= (1.07)2 𝑆3
= (1.07)2 1.07𝑆2
= (1.07)3 𝑆2
𝐷𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
𝑆5 − 122.00 = 𝑆2
𝑆5 = (1.07)3 (𝑆5 − 122.00)
𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒
𝑆5 = $664.1186173
𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐𝒚𝒆𝒆′𝒔𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒚 = $𝟔𝟔𝟒. 𝟏𝟐

2. At approximately what time between the hours of 1:00 pm and 2:00 pm would the
angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a continuously driven clock
 be exactly 180o?
A. 1:32.18 pm
B. 1:34.18 pm
C. 1:36.18 pm
D. 1:38.18 pm
Solution:
2
𝑀= ( θ reference − θ required; every hour, there are 30 degrees interval
11
2
𝑀= ( θ reference − θ required)
11
180° = 𝜃 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
If θ reference is greater than θ required, use subtraction while
use addition when θ required is greater than θ reference.
2
𝑀 = 11 ( 30 + 180) = 38.18181818

𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌 𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒔 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒔 = 𝟏: 𝟑𝟖. 𝟏𝟖 𝒑𝒎

3. What time after 9 o'clock will the hands of the clock be perpendicular for the second
time?
A. 9:31.73
B. 9:32.73
C. 9:33.73
D. 9:34.73
Solution:
2
𝑀 = 11 ( θ reference − θ required); every hour, there are 30 degrees interval
2
𝑀 = 11 ( θ reference − θ required)

9: 00(30) = 270° = 𝜃 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 90° = 𝜃 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
If θ reference is greater than θ required, use subtraction while
use addition when θ required is greater than θ reference.
2
𝑀 = 11 ( 270 − 90) = 32.727273
 𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌 𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝟗𝟎 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒔 = 𝟗: 𝟑𝟐. 𝟕𝟑

4. At what time after 12:00 noon will the hour hand and minute hand of the clock first
form and angle of 120o?
A. 12:18.818
B. 12:21.818
C. 12:22.818
D. 12:24.818
Solution:
2
𝑀 = 11 ( θ reference − θ required); every hour, there are 30 degrees interval
2
𝑀 = 11 ( θ reference − θ required)

𝟏𝟐: 𝟎𝟎 𝑵𝑵 = 𝟎° = 𝜽 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆
𝟏𝟐𝟎° = 𝜽 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅
If θ reference is greater than θ required, use subtraction while
use addition when θ required is greater than θ reference.

2
𝑀= ( 0 + 120) = 21.81818182
11

𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌 𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒔 = 𝟏𝟐: 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟖

5. In a right triangle one of the sides is five units longer than the other. The length
of the hypotenuse is 50. Find the length of shorter side.
A. 30.23
B. 32.77
C. 36.03
D. 38.20
Solution:
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + 5 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠
(𝑥 )2 + (𝑥 + 5)2 = 502
𝑥 = 32.76683995
 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟕𝟕

6. The length of rectangle is 5 meters less than three times the width. If the perimeter
is 54 meters, find the width and length.
A. w = 8m, L = 19 m
B. w = 10 m, L = 21 m
C. w = 5 m, L = 24 m
D. w = 8 m, L = 23 m
Solution:

Using the formula for the perimeter of rectangle

2L + 2w = Perimeter
2L + 2w = 54 m
2(3w − 5) + 2w = 54
6w − 10 + 2w = 54
8w = 64
w = 8m
3w − 5 = 3(8) − 5 = 19 m
𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 = 𝟖𝒎, 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝟏𝟗 𝒎

7. The cost of renting a car is $35 per day plus 16 ¢ per mile. How many miles can
you driven in one day for a total cost of $91?
A. 340 mi
B. 350 mi
C. 360 mi
D. 370 mi
Solution:
0.16¢ (X) + 35$ = 91$
𝑋 = 350
𝑴𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒏 𝒅𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒅𝒂𝒚 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒊

8. Lucy invests $1320 more at 9% than she invests at 12%. The interest from the
 two investments is the same. How much did she invest at 12%?
A. P3930
B. P3940
C. P3950
D. P3960
Solution:
(𝑥 + 1320)0.19 = 0.12𝑥
0.09𝑥 + 118.8 = 0.12𝑥
0.09𝑥 − 0.12𝑥 = −118.8
−0.03𝑥 = −118.8
𝑥 = 3960
𝑨𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒕 𝟏𝟐% = 𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟑𝟗𝟔𝟎𝟗. 𝟎𝟎

9. John invested P15,000 in two parts, one at 5% and another at 15%. If both
investments have the same profit, find the amount he invest at 5% rate?
A. P11,250
B. P3,750
C. P4,625
D. P10,000
Solution:

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
2x 2 + x + 1 A Bx + C
= + 2
x(x 2 + 1) x x +1
1500 = 2 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠
5% 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
15%
𝑥 (0.05) = (15000 − 𝑥 )(0.15𝑥 )
0.05𝑥 + 0.15𝑥 = 15000(0.15)
0.20𝑥 = 2250
𝑨𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝑱𝒐𝒉𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒅 = 𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎. 𝟎𝟎
10. The perimeter of a small rectangular industrial lot is 140 m, and its diagonal is 50 m.
Find the area of the land.
A. 1100 m2
B. 1200 m2
C. 1300 m2
D. 1400 m2
Solution:
Perimeter = 2l + 2w = 140
= l2 + w2 = 502
= l + w = 70
= (l + w)2 = (70)2
= l2 + w2 + 2lw = 4900
= 502 + 2lw = 4900
= 2lw = 4900 – 2500
= 2lw = 2400
= lw = 1200
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒅 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝟐

11. The length of a rectangle is 5 cm longer than the width. The area of the rectangle is
66 cm2. Find the width.
A. 4 cm
B. 5 cm
C. 6 cm
D. 7 cm
Solution:
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 66 𝑐𝑚2
𝐿=5=𝑤
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝐿𝑥𝑊
66 = (5 + 𝑤)𝑤
 66 = 5𝑤 + 𝑤 2
𝑤 = 6𝑐𝑚
𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 = 𝟔 𝒄𝒎

12. The length of a rectangle is 1 meter more than three times the width. The area of
the rectangle is 30m ^ 2 Find the length.
A. 8 m
B. 10 m
C. 12 cm
D. 14 cm
Solution:

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 30𝑚2
Length = 3w + 1
𝐿 = 3𝑤 + 1
Area = L × w
30 = (3w + 1) × w
30 = (3𝑤 2 + w)
1
10 = 𝑤 2 + (3) w

1 2 1
10 = (w + (6) – (36)

1 1 2
10 + (36) = (w + (6) )
1 1
3 + ( 6) = w + ( 6)

𝑤=3
𝐿 = 10
𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎

13. Stephen wants to put a frame of uniform width around his 4 by 6 ft painting. He
wants the area of frame to equal the area of painting. How wide should he make
the frame?
 A. 1 ft
B. 2 ft
C. 3 ft
D. 4 ft
Solution:
4𝑥6𝑓𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑠 48 𝑓𝑡 2
(6 + 2𝑥 )(4 + 2𝑥 ) = 48
8𝑥 + 12𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 ) = 48
(4𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 24) = 48
𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠
𝑥=1
𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆 = 𝟏 𝒇𝒕

14. Dorothy invested her income tax refund in two separate accounts. She invested
part of it at 7% and triple that amount at 11%. The total first year interest from the
two investments was $120. How much did she invest at 7%?
A. $100
B. $200
C. $300
D. $400
Solution
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ℎ𝑒𝑟 7% 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡. 𝑆ℎ𝑒
𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 (3𝑥 ), 𝑎𝑡 11%. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒
𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠:
0.07𝑥 + 0.11(3𝑥 ) = 120
0.07𝑥 + 0.33𝑥 = 120
𝑥 = 300
𝑨𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝑫𝒐𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒚 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒅 = $𝟑𝟎𝟎

15. Scott invests $1260 more at 8% than he invests at 12%. The interest from the two
 investments was $120. How much did she invest at 12% investment?
A. $1120
B. $96
C. $35
D. $4520
Solution:

Let x be the amount invested at 12%

Let 1260 + x be the amount invested at 8%
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒: 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡
0.12x = 0.08(1260 + x)
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒
𝑥 = $2520
𝑺𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒕 𝟏𝟐% 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 = $𝟐𝟓𝟐𝟎

16. If x varies directly as y and inversely as z, and x = 14 when y = 7 and z = 2, find

the value of x when y = 16 and z = 4.
A. 14
B. 4
C. 16
D. 8
Solution:
1
If x varies directly as y and inversely as z means x α y and x α .
z
1 y
Xαyα also 𝑥 = 𝑘 ( z ) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
z

Since y = 7 and z = 2, we have x = 14

7 y
Hence, 14 = k × , k = 4, now x = 4 ×
2 z

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 16 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 14
16
𝑧 = 4 ( 4 ) = 16,

𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔
17. The force required to stretch a spring is directly proportional to its length. The force
of 40 KN is needed to stretch a spring of 5 mm. If a force of 160 KN is applied, find
the length stretched?
A. 20 mm
B. 30 mm
C. 40 mm
D. 50 mm
Solution:
40KN 160
5 mm
= L

𝑳 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎

18. Find the 3rd term of the expansion of (2x - y) ^ 5.

A. 80x3y2
B. 70x3y2
C. 60x3y2
D. 50x3y2
Solution:

n−r+1
nCr−1 (a )(br−1 )

5−3+1
5C3−1 (2x )(−y3−1 )

= 𝟖𝟎𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟐

19. In the expansion of (x – 2y)7 find the y3-term, that is, the term involving y3.
A. -260x4y3
B. -480x4y3
C. -180x4y3
D. -280x4y3
Solution:

n−r+1
nCr−1 (a )(br−1 )
 7−4+1
7C4−1 (x )(−2y4−1 )

= −𝟐𝟖𝟎𝒙𝟒 𝒚𝟑

20. Resolve the following into partial fractions. (3x2 - 8x + 9)/(x - 2)3
A. 2/(x-2) + 4/(x-2)2 + 5/(x-2)3
B. 3/(x-2) + 4/(x-2)2 + 1/(x-2)3
C. 3/(x-2) - 4/(x-2)2 + 8/(x-2)3
D. 3/(x-2) + 4/(x-2)2 + 5/(x-2)3
Solution:
3x2−8x+9 A B C
= + +
(x−2)3 x−2 (x−2)2 (x−2)3

3x2−8x+9 A(x−2)3 B(x−2)3 C(x−2)3

= + +
(x−2)3 x−2 (x−2)2 (x−2)3

3x 2 − 8x + 9 = A(x − 2)2 + B(x − 2) + C; C = 5

3x 2 − 8x + 9 = A(x − 2)2 + B(x − 2) + 5

3x 2 − 8x + 9 = Ax 2 + x(B − 4A) + (4A + 5 − 2B)

3x 2 − 8x + 9 = Ax 2 + x(B − 4A) + (4A + 5 − 2B); A = 3, B = 4

𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
= 𝒙−𝟐 + (𝒙−𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒙−𝟐)𝟑

21. Resolve the following into partial fractions (3x) / (x ^ 3 - 1).

A. 1/(x-1) + (1+x)/(x2+x+1)
B. 3/(x-1) + (1-x)/(x2+x+1)
C. 1/(x-1) + (1-x)/(x2+x+1)
D. 2/(x-1) - (1-x)/(x2+x+1)
Solution:

3x 3x
= (x−1)(x2+x+1)
(x3−1)
 3x A Cx+B
= (x−1) + (x2 +x+1)
(x−1)(x2 +x+1)

3x(x−1)(x2+x+1) A(x−1)(x2+x+1) (Cx+B)(x−1)(x2 +x+1)

= +
(x−1)(x2+x+1) (x−1) (x2 +x+1)

3x = A(x 2 + x + 1) + (Cx + B)(x − 1); A = 1

3x = 1(x 2 + x + 1) + (Cx + B)(x − 1)

3x = x 2 + x + 1 + Cx 2 − Cx + Bx − B

3x = x 2 (Cx + 1) + x(B + 1 − C) + (−B + 1)

1 − B = 0; 1 − C + B = 0; 1 + C = 0

B = 1; C = −1

𝟏 −𝒙+𝟏
= (𝒙−𝟏) + (𝒙𝟐 +𝒙+𝟏)

22. Find the constant term in the expansion of (2x3 – 1/x2)5

A. 34
B. 56
C. -108
D. -40
Solution:
n−r+1
nCr−1 (a )(br−1 )

3 5−5+1
5C5−1 (2x ) )(−1x −2 )5−1

= −𝟒𝟎

23. Find the sum of coefficients of (2x - 3y)12.

A. 1
B. 3
C. 5
D. 7
 Solution:
Let x = 1 and y = 1
= (2x − 3y)12
(𝟐(𝟏) − 𝟑(𝟏))𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏

24. A triangle has a perimeter of 54 cm. Two of the sides of the triangle are equal in
length, with the third side 6 cm shorter than either of the two equal sides. Find the
shorter side of triangle.
A. 14 cm
B. 16 cm
C. 18 cm
D. 20 cm
Solution:

Perimeter of Triangle, P = a + b + c; b = c
P = a + 2b: a = b − 6
P = b − 6 + 2b
P = 3b − 6; P = 54cm
P+6 54+6
b= 3
= 3

b = 20cm
a = 20cm − 6cm
𝒂 = 𝟏𝟒 𝒄𝒎
25. Supposed $40,000 is invested at 7%. How much additional money would have to
be invested at 11% to make yield on the entire amount equal to 9.4%?
A. $50,000
B. $60,000
C. $65,000
D. $70,000
Solution:
 let x = additional money

$40,000(1 + 0.07) + x(1 + 0.11) = ($40,000)(1 + 0.094) + x(1 + 0.094)

𝒙 = $𝟔𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎

26. A stereo is on sale for 15% off. The sale price is $425. What was the original price?
A. $470
B. $480
C. $490
D. $500
Solution:
$425 = P − (P × 0.15)

$425 = P − 0.15P

$425 = 0.85P

$425
P= 0.85

𝑷 = $𝟓𝟎𝟎

27. Calvin wants to fence off a rectangular playground next to an apartment building.
Since the building forms one boundary, he needs to fence only the other three sides.
The area of the playground is to be 11,250 square meters. He has enough materials
to build 325 meters offence. Find the length of the playground.
A. 95.23 m
B. 98.48 m
C. 105.34 m
D. 112.50 m
 Solution:

325 m = 2W + L

L = 325 − 2W

Area = L × W

11250 m2 = (325 − 2W) × W

11250 m2 = 325W − 2W2

W = 50 m

L = 325 − 2(50) m

225 m
L= 2

𝑳 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟎 𝒎

28. Find the 6th term in the expansion of (x + y)9

A. 126 x4 y5
B. 136 x4 y5
C. 146 x4 y5
D. 156 x4 y5
Solution:

n−r+1
nCr−1 (a )(br−1 )

9−6+1
9C6−1 (x )(y6−1 )

= 𝟏𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟒 𝒚𝟓

29. Find the middle term of (3x7 + 2y3)8.

A. 90,420 x28y12
 B. 90,520 x28y12
C. 90,620 x28y12
D. 90,720 x28y12
Solution:

n−r+1
nCr−1 (a )(br−1 )

8−5+1
8C5−1 (3 )(25−1)

= 𝟗𝟎𝟕𝟐𝟎 𝐱 𝟐𝟖 𝐲𝟏𝟐

2x A B C
30. Solve the following value of C = + +
(x−1}3 (x−1) (x−1}2 (x−1}3

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Solution:

2x A B C
= x−1 + (x−1)2 + (x−1)3
(x−1)3

2x A(x−1)3 B(x−1)3 C(x−1)3

(x−1) 3 = x−1
+
(x−1)2
+
(x−1)3

2x = A(x − 1)2 + B(x − 1) + C

𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕 𝟏: 𝑪 = 𝟐

5x−2
31. Find the partial fraction of x2 −4

A. 3/(x-2) + 2/(x+2)
B. 5/(x-2) + 3/(x+2)
C. 2/(x-2) + 8/(x+2)
D. 2/(x-2) + 3/(x+2)
Solution:
5x−2 5x−2
= (x+2)(x−2)
(x2−4)
 5x−2 A B
= (x−2) + (x+2)
(x−2)(x+2)

5x−2 A(x+2)(x−2) B(x+2)(x−2)

= +
(x+2)(x−2) (x−2) (x+2)

5x − 2 = A(x + 2) + B(x − 2)

5x − 2 = Ax + 2A + Bx − 2B

5x − 2 = Ax + Bx + 2A − 2B

5x − 2 = x(A + B) + 2A − 2B

A+B= 5

2A − 2B = −2

A=2

B=3

𝟐 𝟑
= (𝒙−𝟐) + (𝒙+𝟐)

32. A collection of 36 coins consists of nickels, dimes and quarters. There are three
fewer quarters than nickels and six more dimes than quarters. How many are
quarters?
A. 12
B. 15
C. 9
D. 6
Solution:
 Let n = nickel, d = dimes and q = quarters
n= q+3
d=q+6
36 = q + 3 + q + 6 + q
36 − 3 − 6 = 3q
27
q= 3

𝒒=𝟗

33. Mr Tom purchases a selection of wrenches for his shop. His bill is $78. He buys
the samenumber of $1.50 and $2.50 wrenches, and half that many of $4
wrenches. The number of $3wrenches is one more than the $4 wrenches. How
many $2.50 wrenches did he purchase?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10
Solution:
Let x = number of $1.50 wrenches
x = number of $2.50 wrenches
x
= number of $4 wrenches
2
x
1+ = number of $3 wrenches
2

Total cost of all the wrenches = $78

x x
1.50x + 2.50x = 4 ( ) + 3 (1 + ) = 78
2 2

x = 10 (for $1.50 and $2.50)

x 10
= = 5 (for $4)
2 2
 x 10
1+ = 1+ = 6 (for $3)
2 2

𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝑴𝒓. 𝑻𝒐𝒎 𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝟏𝟎 𝒐𝒇 $𝟐. 𝟓𝟎 𝒘𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔

34. A florist wishes to make bouquets of mixed spring flowers. Each bouquet is the
be made up ofchrysanthemum (mums) at Php30 a bunch and roses at Php21 a
bunch. How many bunches of mums should she use to make 15 bunches which
she can sell for Php24 a bunch?
A. 6
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Solution:
Let m = number of mums
R = number of roses
Total cost of 15 bunches = 15($24) = $360

30m + 21r = 360

1
Multiplying both sides by 3

10m + 7r = 120 (equation 1)

m + r = 15
Multiplying both sides by10
10m + 10r = 150 (equation 2)

Subtract equation 1 from 2

3r = 30
r = 10
 Substitute value of d to equation 2
10 + m = 15
m=5
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒃𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒖𝒎𝒔 𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝟓

35. A man invested Php 50,000. Part of it he put in an oil stock from which he hoped to
receive 20 percent return per year. The rest he invested in a bank stock which was
paying 6 percent per year. If he received Php 400 more the first year from the bank
stock than from the oil stock, how much did he invest in the oil stock?
A. Php 12,000
B. Php 13,000
C. Php 10,000
D. Php 11,000
Solution:
Let o = amount of money invested in the oil stock
b = amount of money invested in the bank stock

Total amount of money invested = Php 50000

o + b = 50000 (equation 1)

Interest for one year

Io = o(20%)
ib = b(6%)

Relationship between the interest from each stock

ib = io + 400

Substituting the interest rate and multiply both sides by 100

6b = 20o + 40000 (equation 2)

From equation 1
 B = 50000 − o
Substituting to equation 2
6(50000 − o) = 20o + 40000
300000 − 6o = 20o + 40000
26o = 260000
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒊𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒄𝒌, 𝒐 = 𝑷𝒉𝒑 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎

36. Lita has ten bills in her wallet. She has a total of Php 40. If she has one more
Php 5 bill than Php 10 bills, and two more Php 1 bills than Php 5 bills, how many
Php 10 bill does she have?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 2
D. 8
Solution:
Let a = $1 bill
B = $5 bill
C = $10 bill
Equations:
A + b + c = 10
B= c+1
A= b+2
Rearranging
A + b + c = 10
O+b−c= 1
A−b+0= 2
Using Matrix function on the calculator, thus
A=5
B = 3c = 2
𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒆, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝟐 $𝟏𝟎 𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒍
37. A bookstore contracted to purchase a best-selling book at P250.00/copy. At
what price should the bookstore retail this book so that, despite a 15% discount,
the profit on each copy will be 30%?
A. 375.66
B. 413.22
C. 500
D. 454.55
Solution:
Let x = selling price without discount
0.85x = new selling price with discount
Profit = Income − Expenses
0.3(0.85x) = 0.85x − 250
0.255x = 0.85x − 250
𝑺𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒆, 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟐𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟎𝟔𝟕𝟐

38. Mr. Sy wished to invest a sum of money so that the interest each year would pay
his son’s college expenses. If the money was invested at 8 percent and the college
expenses were $10,000 per year, how much should Mr. Sy invest?
A. 145,000
B. 114,000
C. 130,000
D. 125,000
Solution:

x = money should be invested

x ( 8)
10000 = 100
10000(100)
x= 8

𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒚 𝒎𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒃𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒅, 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎

39. The areas of two square differ by 7 sq. ft and their perimeters differ by 4 ft.
Determine the SUM of their areas.
A. 25.00 sq. ft.
B. 27.00 sq. ft
C. 29.00 sq. ft
D. 22.00 sq. ft
Solution:
Let x 2 = area of the first square
y 2 = area of the second square
Perimeters would be 4x and 4y

4x − 4y = 4
x − y = 1 (equation 1)
x + y = 7 (equation 2)
Substract equation 1 and 2
2x = 8
x=4
Substitute value of x in equation 2
4+y=7
y=3
Sum of areas, x 2 + y2
𝟒𝟐 + 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝒇𝒕𝟐

40. If equal spheres are piled in the form of a complete pyramid with a rectangular
base, find the total number of spheres in the pile if there are 5 and 4 spheres in
the long and short side of the base, respectively.
A. 36
B. 39
C. 40
D. 42
 Solution:

n(n+1)(3m−n+1)
S= 6

m = 5 (number of spheres in the long side

n = 4 (number of spheres in the short side
4(4+1)(3(5)−4+1)
S= 6

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔, 𝑺 = 𝟒𝟎

41. A picture 9 cm by 12 cm is framed in wood. What uniform width of the frame if it has
an area of 162 cm2?
A. 1 cm
B. 2 cm
C. 3 cm`
D. 4 cm
Solution:
Let x = width of the frame
W = 9 + 2x
L = 12 + 12x
Larger area = (9 + 2x)(12 + 12x)
= 2(9 + 2x)(6 + x)
= 2(54 + 21x + 2x 2 )
= 4x 2 + 42x + 108
Area of frame = Large area − 9(12)
= (4x 2 + 42x + 108) − 108
= 4x 2 + 42x
Area of frame = 162 cm2
4x 2 + 42x = 162
2x 2 + 21x − 81 = 0
Using Mode 5 − 3 function on the calculator, thus
 27
x = 3, − 2

𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒆 = 𝟑

42. A man owns two square of lots of unequal size, together containing 15,025 ft. If the
lots were contiguous, it would require 530 ft of fence to embrace them in a single
enclosure of six sides.
A. 625 ft2
B. 14,625 ft2
C. 525 ft2
D. 12,345 ft2
Solution:
Let x = smaller plot
y = larger plot
Then,
3x + 3y + y − x = 530
2x + 4y = 530
x + 2y = 265
256−x
y= (equation 1)
2

Moreover,
Area of smaller plot + area of larger plot = 15025
Then use the value of y in equation 1

X2 + (265 − 2x)2 = 15025

4x 2 + x 2 − 1060x + 70225 = 60100

5x 2 − 1060x + 55200 = 0
x 2 − 212x + 11040 = 0
212√(212)2−4(1)(11040)
x= 2( 1)

x = 92 ; x = 120
if x = 92 then y = 81
 if x = 120 then y = 25
Area = x 2 = (25)2
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝒇𝒕𝟐

43. If y varies directly as x, and y = 15 when x = 10, find y when x = 14.

A. 20
B. 21
C. 22
D. 23

Solution:
x = ky
10 = k(15)
2
k=3

Substitute the value of k to the original equation

x = ky
2
14 = (y)
3

𝐲 = 𝟐𝟏

44. If w is directly proportional to v + 5 and w = 6 when v = - 3 find w when v = 3

A. 20
B. 24
C. 22
D. 26
Solution:
W = kv
6 = k(v + 5)
6 = k(−3 + 5)
K=3
Substitute the value of k to the original equation
 w = kv
w = k(v + 5)
w = 3(3 + 5)
𝒘 = 𝟐𝟒

45. Suppose w varies jointly as x and y and inversely as z, and w = 4 when x = 4, y =

5 and z = 6. Find w when x = 3, y = 10, and z = 3.
A. 10
B. 12
C. 14
D. 16
Solution:
kxy
w= z
k(4)(5)
4= 6

24 = 20k
k = 1.2
Substitute the value of k to the original equation
(1.2)(4)(5)
w=
6

𝒘 = 𝟏𝟐

46. What time after 5 o'clock will the hands of the clock be perpendicular for the second
time?
A. 5:35.36
B. 5:36.36
C. 5:39.39
D. 5:43.64
Solution:
x
x=M+
12

M = 40
 x
x = 40 + 12

𝐱 = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟔𝟑𝟔𝟑𝟔𝟑𝟔𝟒 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐬

47. What time after one o'clock will the hands of the clock be 100 to each other for the
first time?
A. 1:19.67
B. 1:21.54
C. 1:23.63
D. 1:25.63
Solution:
x
x=M+
12

M = 20
x
x = 20 + 12

𝒙 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔

48. What is the numerical coefficient of the term containing x3y2 in the expansion of (x +
2y)5?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 40
D. 80

Solution:

nC(r − 1)(x)n−r+1 (y)r−1

5C(3 − 1)(1)5−3+1(2)3−1

= 𝟒𝟎
49. In the expansion of (2x + 3y)6 find the x5 term.
A. 456x5y
B. 576 x5y
C. 521x5y
D. 234x5y
Solution:
nC(r − 1)(x)n−r+1 (y)r−1
6C(2 − 1)(2)6−2+1(3)2−1
= 𝟓𝟕𝟔𝒙𝟓 𝒚

50. Find the second to the in the expansion of (a + b) ^ 20

A. 16 ab19
B. 18 ab19
C. 20 ab19
D. 22 ab19
Solution:
nC(r − 1)(x)n−r+1 (y)r−1
20C(2 − 1)(1)20−2+1(1)2−1
= 𝟐𝟎𝒂𝒃𝟏𝟗

51. The tenth term of (x + 1)20 is 167,960 x11. Write the 12th term.
A. 157,960x9
B. 167,960x9
C. 177,960x9
D. 187,960x9
Solution:
 nC(r − 1)(x)n−r+1 (y)r−1

20C(12 − 1)(1)20−12+1 (1)12−1

= 𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟗𝟔𝟎𝒙𝟗

− 3x+x−5 A Bx+C
52. Solve for C in the equation (x+1)(x2+2)
= + (x2 +2)
(x+1)

A. 1
B. 3
C. 2
D. 4
Solution:

Take LCD: (x 2 + 1)(x 2 + 1)

−3x 2 + x − 5 = A(x 2 + 2) + (Bx + C)(x + 1)

−3x 2 + x − 5 = Ax 2 + 2A + Bx 2 + Bx + Cx + C

𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒

−3x 2 + x − 5 = Ax 2 + Bx 2 + Bx + Cx + 2A + C

−3x 2 + x − 5 = (A + B)x 2 + (B + C)x + (2A + C)

𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 x 2

−3 = A + B

−5−C
−3 = +1−C
2

6 = −5 − C + 2 − 2C

3C = 3

𝑪=𝟏

2x2+x+1 A Bx+C
53. Solve for B in the equivalent partial fraction of x(x2 +1)
= x
+ x2 +1

A. 1
 B. 3
C. 2
D. 4
Solution:

Take LCD: x(x 2 + 1)

2x 2 + x + 1 = A(x 2 + 1) + (Bx + C)(x)

2x 2 + x + 1 = Ax 2 + A + Bx 2 + Cx

2x 2 + x + 1 = Ax 2 + Bx 2 + Cx + A

2x 2 + x + 1 = (A + B)x 2 + Cx + A
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠

2=A

1=C

1=A
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐵

2=1+B

𝑩=𝟏

3x
54. Find the partial fraction of
(x3−1)
1 −x+1
A. + x2−x+1
x−1
1 −x+1
B. + x2+x+1
x+1
𝟏 −𝐱+𝟏
C. + 𝐱 𝟐 +𝐱+𝟏
𝐱−𝟏
1 x−1
D. + x2+x+1
x−1

Solution:

3x 3x
=
(x 3 − 1) (x − 1)(x 2 + x + 1)
 3x A Cx+B
= (x−1) + (x2 +x+1)
(x−1)(x2 +x+1)

3x(x−1)(x2+x+1) A(x−1)(x2+x+1) (Cx+B)(x−1)(x2 +x+1)

= +
(x−1)(x2+x+1) (x−1) (x2 +x+1)

3x = A(x 2 + x + 1) + (Cx + B)(x − 1); A = 1

3x = 1(x 2 + x + 1) + (Cx + B)(x − 1)

3x = x 2 + x + 1 + Cx 2 − Cx + Bx − B

3x = x 2 (Cx + 1) + x(B + 1 − C) + (−B + 1)

1 − B = 0; 1 − C + B = 0; 1 + C = 0

𝑩 = 𝟏; 𝑪 = −𝟏

55. If the salesperson makes a commission of $756 on sales of $5400. At the

same rate, what commission would she make on sales of $6500?

A. $900

B. $920

C. $910

D. $930

Solution:
Commission1 Commission2
=
Sale1 Sale2
$756 Commission2
=
$5400 $6500

𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝟐 = $𝟗𝟏𝟎

56. The electrical resistance in ohms of a wire varies directly as its length. If a
wire 90 m long hasa resistance of 6 ohms, what is the resistance of 150 m of
the same king of wire?
A. 10 ohms
 B. 15 ohms
C. 20 ohms
D. 25 ohms
Solution:

r = k(L)

6 ohms = k(90)

K = 0.0666666

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐿 = 150

r = 0.0666666(150)

𝒓 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒐𝒉𝒎𝒔

57. A public-opinion survey indicates that of a sample of 600 voters, 396 favored
a school-bond measure. If there are 18,000 voters in the city, about how many
are likely to vote for the bond?

A. 10,880

B. 11,880

C. 12,880

D. 13,880

Solution:

396 X
= 18000
600

𝑿 = 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟎

58. The speed of an object falling from rest is directly proportional to the time it has
 fallen. After an object has fallen for 2.5 seconds, its speed is 24.5 m/s. What
is its speed after it has fallen for 4 seconds?
A. 39.20 m/s
B. 41.20 m/s
C. 43.20 m/s
D. 45.20 m/s
Solution:
V1 V2
=
t1 t 2
24.5 m/s V
= 4 2s
2.5 s

𝑽𝟐 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟎 𝒎/𝒔

59. What time after one o'clock will the hands of the clock coincide for the first time?
A. 1:7-5/11 min
B. 1:5-5/11 min
C. 1:6-5/11 min
D. 1:4-5/11 min

Solution:

θ 12
Y = (5x − 6) (11)

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 0°

0 12
y = ((5 ∗ 1o′ clock) − 6)(11)

𝟓
𝒚 = 𝟓. 𝟒𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟒𝟓𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝟓 − 𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔

60. What time between 3 and 4 o'clock will the hands of the clock be together?
A. 3:14.36
B. 3:16.36
C. 3:18.36
 D. 3:20.36
Solution:
θ 12
Y = (5x − 6) (11)

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 0°

0 12
Y = ((5 ∗ 3o′clock) − 6) (11)

𝒀 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟑𝟔𝟑𝟔𝟑𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔

61. What time between 9 and 10 o'clock will the hands of the clock be directly opposite
to each other?
A. 9:13.53

B. 9:11.51

C. 9:16.36

D. 9:18.56

Solution:

θ 12
Y = (5x − 6) (11)

𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟,

𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 180°

180 12
y = ((5 ∗ 9oclock) − )(11)
6

𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟑𝟔𝟑𝟔𝟑𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔

62. What time after 7 o'clock will the hands of the clock be perpendicular to each
other for the first time?
A. 7:21.82
B. 7:19.62
C. 7:23.75
D. 7:25.15
Solution:
θ 12
Y = (5x − ) ( )
6 11
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 90°
90 12
y = ((5 ∗ 7o′clock) − )( )
6 11
𝒚 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔