Identify what pattern of development in writing is

described in the following sentences.

_______________1. This sort of paragraph requires chronological

ordering.
_______________2. Using this pattern, you are taking many separate
items and grouping them into categories.
_______________3. A paragraph demonstrating this technique
includes explanation of the term, the class to which it belongs, and
the details that differentiate it from other members of its class.
_______________4. This paragraph uses specific illustrations to
clarify a general statement.
_______________5. In this paragraph, you convey how something
sounds, smells, tastes, feels, and/or looks.
 An avalanche is a huge snow slide that rushes
down the side of a mountain, carrying large trees,
rocks, and other debris in its path. Avalanches are
similar to landslides but can be more dangerous and
destructive. Avalanches can occur when huge
amounts of new snow fall on layers of snow and ice
that have become unstable because of melting. They
can also be triggered by explosions or earthquakes.
 When it comes to choosing a pet, there are many options available.
While dogs and cats are the most popular choices, they differ in several ways.
Firstly, dogs are known for their loyalty and obedience, making them great
companions for those who enjoy spending time outdoors and going for walks.
On the other hand, cats are independent creatures that require less attention
and are better suited for people who prefer a more low-maintenance pet.
Secondly, dogs require more training and socialization than cats, which can be
time-consuming and expensive. Conversely, cats are naturally more self-
sufficient and require less training. Finally, dogs are generally larger and
require more space to move around and play, while cats are smaller and can
be kept in apartments or smaller homes. Overall, while both dogs and cats
make great pets, their differences in personality, care requirements, and size
should be taken into consideration when choosing which one is right for you.
 Paragraphs can be developed using a variety
of patterns that reflect our thinking about the
material. As a jumpstart, you explore for ways to
structure your thinking. Then, you write about the
topic sentence and its supporting sentences. As
you revise your composition, personal references
come in. Some advance their material by physical
description; others by narrating series of events
while others favored by comparison and contrast. It
is also possible that more than one pattern of
development may be used in series of paragraphs.
 Key to successful writing is the knowledge of
transitional expressions that send a signal to your
readers. Just as you choose what clothes to wear
in a particular place on a particular occasion, you
also employ conscious decision in deciding for a
pattern to dress up your ideas.
Comparison and Contrast
A paragraph that demonstrates
comparison and/or contrast examines how
given subjects are either similar or different.
Comparison examines how the subjects are
the same. Contrast examines how the subjects
are different. Central to the development
using this pattern is the effective use of
appropriate transitional words and phrases
that signal comparison and contrast.
 The following are signal words for effective writing:
For Comparison For Contrast
in the same way likewise yet however
by the same in similar fashion and yet though
taken on the other nevertheless otherwise
similarly hand nonetheless on the contrary
in like manner after all in contrast
but notwithstanding
 Cause- and- Effect
The cause-and-effect as a method in
developing a paragraph is useful in
explaining why something happens. A
paragraph emphasizing the ‘cause’ normally
starts with an effect. The goal of this is to
explore how such effect came to be. Similarly,
a paragraph emphasizing the ‘effect’ begins
with a particular cause then explains the
consequences of effects of this cause.
 It is essential that when writing a
paragraph that shows cause-and/or effect, you
know which factor to highlight-causes or
effects and determine the reason of
discussing the cause and/or effect. Like any
other pattern of development, transitional
words help to emphasize cause and/or effect
relationships.
Example:
Automation is the use of machines to reduce the need
for human labor. In other words, automation is when
jobs done by people become jobs done by robots.
Automation can be a good thing. Because of
automation, clothing, cars, and other manufactured
products are available at good prices and in large
supply. But automation can also be a bad thing.
Because of automation, there are over 700,000 robots
in America alone that do jobs once performed by
humans. The way of automation may not be best for
humanity, but it is the course we are taking.
 The following are signal words for effective writing:

Signal Words for Causes

as for in view of (the owing to (the
because (of for the reason fact) fact)
the fact) that In as much as seeing that
being that in that one reason since
due to (the
fact that)
 Signal Words for Effects
accordingly consequently in so that
as a for this reason consequence therefore
consequence hence so thus
as a result (of so much (so)
this) that
because (of
this)
 Problem-solution
One of the commonly used paragraph patterns
is the problem/solution pattern. It has two parts:
a problem and a solution. The writer presents
the problem and some facts or reasons why it is
a problem. Naturally, readers look for a solution
for the problem. The closing statement or
conclusion highlights the connection between the
problem and the solution.
 Signal Words for Problem-Solution
but nonetheless one the
First one reason for solution is problem
secon the one way is the
d solution
 Malnutrition is a big health issue in Nigeria. Nigeria is
located in Africa close to the Equator. It has extremely high
daytime temperatures and very little rainfall. Yearly
droughts threaten food production. As a result, many
people starve. With 10 million people to feed, they need a
more reliable food supply. The challenge for people living in
Nigeria is to develop hardy drought resistant crops. With
ample food supplies, the people of Nigeria would
experience better health.
(Source: http://grammar.about.com)
 Persuasion
To persuade is to convince someone that your opinion
on a subject is the right one. With appropriate style or
words, one may not even know he/she is being
persuaded as in the case of buying a certain product. As
you right persuasively, think of your audience and the
kind of evidence your audience would likely respond to.
In this way, your paragraph will become more convincing.
 Signal Words for Emphasizing a Point
again in that case to emphasize truly
for this reason indeed to repeat with this in mind
in fact
 Signal Words for Concluding and Summarizing
accordingly consequently in brief inevitably in a nutshell
all in all due to in on the therefore
as a result finally conclusion whole thus
as I have in any event in short since to sum up
said in summary in essence
 Signal Words for Conceding a Point
admittedly it is true that obviously true
assuredly needless to say of course undoubtedly
certainly no doubt to be sure unquestionably
granted
 Make a graphic
organizer that fits the
Activity: pattern of
development used
in the paragraph
below.
 My sisters are as different as yin and yang in terms of personality,
appearance and intelligence. Tina, the middle child in the family, prefers
staying at home than going out with her friends. She is slim, petite and has
dark skin. As she is not sociable, she finds friends with the characters from
the books she reads most of the time. In addition, she is very clever in
subjects like Math and Science which made her graduate with Highest
Honors from Senior High School.
In contrast, my youngest sister, Joni, is the opposite. She has an outgoing
and friendly personality. There is never a dull moment as she is always ready
with stories to tell. She is tall with a round plump face and fair skin. Being
the youngest in the family, she is often asked to perform during family
gatherings since she sings and dances well. My sisters may be different from
each other, but they adore one another.
Complete the K-W-L diagram below to express
your essential takeaways from the lesson.

What I know?

What I want to know?

What I have learned?

 Read the following statements very carefully. Distinguish what
pattern of development best matches the thesis statement.

1. Although Instagram and Twitter have significant similarities,

they also have striking differences.
2. Drinking cough syrup may lead to various side effects.
3. Global climate change resulting from the accumulation of
greenhouse gases is likely to have significant health effects,
4. Discriminating parents always have to make the difficult task of
choosing between a public and private school for their children.
5.Underage drinking has many costly consequences adolescents
don’t consider before making the decision to drink.
 Read the following statements very carefully. Distinguish what
pattern of development best matches the thesis statement.

6. Freedom is a concept that needs to be understood.

7. Iphone 14 has many features that make it stand out in the
market.
8. In the field of law, there are several subspecialties which you
can focus on.
9. Juvenile delinquency is a social issue that requires urgent
attention.
10. Major events happened that led to the defeat of Japan during
World War II.