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Geography Grade 10 Revision material Term 1 2022

Engineering Physics 1B (University of Johannesburg)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

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Western Cape Education Department

Directorate: Curriculum FET

Grade 10

Revision Term 1

GEOGRAPHY

The Atmosphere
Geography revision booklet Grade 10 Term 1
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This revision program is designed to assist you in revising the critical content and
skills covered during TERM 1. The purpose is to prepare you to understand the
key concepts and to provide you with an opportunity to establish the required
standard and the application of the knowledge necessary to succeed in the
GRADE 10 examination. The content in this revision booklet is mostly presented
by means of mind maps. Topographic- and orthophoto maps have been
integrated with content to assist you with the application of content on these
maps. This will help you to understand the content easier and also see the
relationship between the topics. This revision booklet should be used in
conjunction with the lessons of term 1.

CONTENT
1 Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere 3
2 Heating of the atmosphere 5
3 Moisture in the atmosphere 10
4 Synoptic weather maps 12

5 Revision Activities
Activity 1 : Structure of the Atmosphere 13
Activity 2 : Global warming 14
Activity 3 : Types of clouds 15
Activity 4 : Synoptic weather maps 16
Activity 5 : Concepts 17

Geography revision booklet Grade 10 Term 1

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1 | COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE

1.1 What is the atmosphere?

The layer of air that surrounds the Earth on which all life depends

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CerJbZ-dm0

1.2 Why is the atmosphere so important?

1.3 What is the Composition of the Atmosphere?

The air in the atmosphere consists of a mixture of gasses.

TYPE OF GAS GAS

Permanent Nitrogen and Oxygen
(constant)
Variable argon, water vapour, ozone and
greenhouse gasses
Non-Gasses Dust, salt and smoke particles

Pollutants Sulphur dioxide, methane

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1.4 What is the structure of the Atmosphere?

1.5 The Ozone Layer

Geography revision booklet 2022 Grade 10 Term 1

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2 | HEATING OF THE ATMOSPHERE

2.1 Processes associated with the heating of the atmosphere

Not all insolation (incoming

solar radiation) is absorbed
by the Earth’s surface.

Some of it is:
 Absorbed
(taken up)
 Scattered
(sent in all directions)
 Reflected
(sent back at the same angle)

Insolation Incoming solar radiation – Rays entering the atmosphere from the sun
Reflection Sun’s rays strike a surface and are redirected by 180° back
Scattering Sun’s rays are redirected randomly into the atmosphere
Absorption Heat taken up by gasses and water vapour
Radiation The Earth radiates heat into the atmosphere
Conduction Lowest parts of the atmosphere are warmed because they are in contact
with warm Earth
Convection Heated air rises. Heat is transferred higher into the atmosphere

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95ofx9p7IyI

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2.2 What are the factors that affect temperature?

2.2.1 Latitude
Definition: Latitude is the measurement of distance in degrees
north or south of the Equator.

Why is the equator is hotter than the poles?

Sun’s rays are more direct and are concentrated on a smaller area
than the poles.

2.2.2 Altitude
Air temperature decreases with altitude (the higher you go). Therefore, mountains are colder
than low-lying areas.

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Application on topographic maps

At which of the locations, A or at B would it be warmer? Give evidence from the map to
support your answer.

You must take note of the following on the map:

• A is located in the valley at a benchmark, height 227,8
• B is located on a mountain (NB contours) at a trig station height 1028,7
• It will therefore be warmer at A
• It will therefore be colder at B
• There is an increase of height from A to B.

2.2.3 Ocean Currents

• Cold ocean currents lower water and

air temperatures
• Warm ocean currents raise water and
air temperatures
• The east coast has higher
temperatures than the west coast in
South Africa. Consult key on the map
of South Africa.

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2.2.4 Distance from the Ocean

• Oceans heat up and cool down more slowly than the land.
• Coastal areas are cooler than inland areas during the day.
• Coastal areas are warmer than inland areas during the night.

2.3 The Greenhouse Effect

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SN5-DnOHQmE

Geography revision booklet 2022 Grade 10 Term 1

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2.4 Global Warming

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJAbATJCugs

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3 | MOISTURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE

Concepts
Evaporation The process whereby water is converted to a gas
Dew point The temperature at which the condensation of water vapour takes
place
Condensation Water vapour in the atmosphere cools and changes to water
droplets
Precipitation Falling of water or ice from a cloud to the ground
Humidity The amount of water vapour in the air
Relative humidity The amount of water vapour in the air compared to how much it
could contain
Clouds Minute water droplets and ice crystals floating in the atmosphere

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAqeFSa60TE
Types of Rainfall

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Relief / Orographic

 Air rises on the windward

side of a mountain
 Air cools and condenses
 Clouds form
 Leeward side of mountain
remains dry and called the
rain shadow

Convection

 Sun heats air

 Air rises and cools
 Cumulonimbus clouds form
 Thunderstorms
 Occurs during summer in
interior of South Africa

Cyclonic / Frontal
 Warm air rises above cold
air at a front
 Rising air cools to dew
point
 Condenses, clouds form
 Occurs in Western Cape
during winter

Geography revision booklet 2022 Grade 10 Term 1

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4 | READING AND INTERPRETING SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAPS

4.1 Weather station model

4.2 Synoptic Weather map

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5 | REVISION ACTIVITIES

REVISION ACTIVITY 1 : THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE

Add the following labels to the diagram below:
 Troposphere
 Stratosphere
 Mesosphere
 Thermosphere
 Tropopause
 Stratopause
 Mesopause
 Ozone layer

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REVISION ACTIVITY 2 : GLOBAL WARMING

The questions are based on the infographic below

3.1 What is global warming? (1x2) (2)

3.2 Does the graph show a rise or drop in global temperatures? (2x2) (4)

3.3 The man in the infographic mentions that we should stop burning stuff.
To what stuff does he refer? (2x2) (4)

3.4 Give TWO changes mentioned in the infographic resulting from man’s
impact on the atmosphere. (2x2) (4)

3.5 Arrange the following from the smallest to the largest contributor to
greenhouse gas:
Transport / Agriculture / industry (3x1) (3)

3.6 “Increased greenhouse gasses are leading to a range of economic,

social and environmental consequences.” (Infographic)

In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, discuss these

consequences. (4x2) (8)

NB Ask your teacher to show you how this paragraph-type question

should be answered

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REVISION ACTIVITY 3 : TYPES OF CLOUDS

CHALLENGE - PUT YOUR THINKING CAPS ON FOR THIS ACTIVITY

The letters A-T represent the types of clouds and their characteristics

A B C D
High level Cumulonimbus Slight drizzle

E F G
Looks like cotton Before cold front Cumulus
wool
H I J
Middle level Dark grey Fair weather

K L M
Uniform grey Stratus

N O P
Low level Thunder, lightning Heavy rain storms

Q R S T
Cirrus Thin, white Flat layered clouds Altostratus

One in the combination of letters of the cloud type in the table below does not fit. Identify the
letter that does not fit and give a reason for your answer. The first one serves as an example

Combination Does Reason why it does not fit

of letters not fit
1 G, F, R, B G Description of Cirrus clouds, not Cumulus clouds
2 A, C, O, N
3 D, L, M, S
4 E, G, M, R
5 L, D, H, F
6 I, C, O, S
7 B, F, Q, T
8 A, O, I, N

Geography revision booklet 2022 Grade 10 Term 1

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REVISION ACTIVITY 4 : SYNOPTIC WEATHER MAPS

The questions are based on the synoptic weather map

6.1 Does the synoptic weather map show summer or winter conditions? (1x1) (1)

6.2 Give TWO reasons for your answer in question 6.1 (2x2) (4)

6.3 (a) Is A a high or a low pressure? (1x1) (1)

(b) Give a reason for your answer in 6.3 (a) (1x2) (2)

6.4 Explain difference in air temperature between Maputo (B)

and Lüderitz(C). (2x2) (4)

6.5 Give the following with regard to the weather station at Lüderitz (C).
The station is enlarged below.
(a) Cloud cover
(b) Wind direction
(c) Wind speed
(d) Air temperature
(e) Dewpoint temperature (5x1) (5)
6.6 Explain how the type of rainfall associated with the cold front on the
synoptic weather map is formed. (3x2) (6)

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REVISION ACTIVITY 5 : THE ATMOSPHERE - CONCEPTS

Give the correct definition/description for each of the following concepts.

Concept Definition/Description
1
Atmosphere
2
Insolation
3
Reflection
4
Scattering
5 Absorption
6 Radiation
7
Conduction
8
Convection
9
Latitude
10
Greenhouse effect
12
Global warming
13
Evaporation
14
Dew point
15
Condensation
16 Precipitation
17
Humidity
18
Relative humidity
19 Cloud

Follow this link or scan the QR code to access the telematics broadcast of Grade 10 The
Atmosphere:

https://youtu.be/CfBANyW4wFg

Geography revision booklet 2022 Grade 10 Term 1

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