Adolescent Brain
Adolescent Brain
Adolescent Brain
BEING
A TRAUMA
INFORMED
COMMUNITY
UNDERSTANDING YOUR YOUNG PERSON
Adolescence is a period of intense changes for young people. Not just
physical changes, but also changes to their brain. These changes usually
capture the ages between 12 to 25 years old and is known to be a
great challenge for young people and those who support them.
Adolescent development is characterised by seeking rewards
and excitement, seeking peer relationships over family, and
lack of rational thinking due to the brain’s prefrontal cortex
not being fully developed. A challenge then for carers and
professionals working with young people is to be able to
balance young people’s drive to seek rewards, against their Strategies to support young
limited understanding of the potential risks to their actions.
people through adolescence
The three main features of Get to know your young person: This is the primary strategy
to build a relationship as it will give you common ground
adolescent development
to explore and discuss. What are their interests, hobbies,
Impulsiveness strengths? Who are their close friends? What famous people
Impulsiveness refers to behaviours that occur without thoughtful do they look up to? What games and music are they playing?
consideration or reflection. Adults should support young Stay calm and take charge (being bigger, stronger, wiser
people to develop a ‘space’ between impulse and action. and kind): Young people need an authority figure and
Increased reward and sensation seeking advocate. You can be both without jeopardising your
relationship by using collaborative problem-solving. This
The adolescent brain is driven to seek rewards and sensations.
uses empathy and acceptance to understand the young
This is associated with an increase in the body’s dopamine
person before coming to a mutual solution. This can give
hormone level and an underdeveloped prefrontal cortex. This
the young person a sense of empowerment and control
combination can lead to potential substance misuse and risk-
and can be particularly useful to decrease defiance.
taking behaviours. For example, when a young person ingests
cannabis, their body releases dopamine that makes them feel Provide unconditional love and acceptance: Young people may
good. But when the cannabis wears off, their body’s dopamine level demonstrate unpleasant behaviour, like being disrespectful,
plummets and the young person can feel a drive to ingest more pushing boundaries or involvement in crime. It is important to
cannabis to reach the same level of reward. This also applies to show young people you will be there for them and love them
risk-taking behaviour, which is another form of sensation seeking. regardless, however you do not condone their behaviour.
Practice grounding and mindfulness exercises: Carers
Hyper-rationality can take time to sit with the young person to turn their
Young people are more likely to have the hyper-rational thinking focus and attention to their inner experience.
of, ‘It won’t happen to me’. This means most young people are
One-on-one time: Setting aside quality one-on-
aware of the risks associated with certain behaviour, but are
one time with the young person shows them you are
more likely to disregard the risks by placing more emphasis on
physically and emotionally present and available.
the exciting potential benefits and rewards of their actions.
Seek support of other adults in your networks: Young people
tend not to listen to their parents or primary carer but may be
more likely to take the advice of a mentor or other trusted adult.
Here to help! Come and talk to us if you’d like more practical ways you can be trauma informed.
Sources:
>> Siegel, D. (2013). Brainstorm: The power and purpose of the teenage brain. New York: Penguin Group
LEARN MORE >> Source images: Freepik.com (pikisuperstar, pch.vector)
Published 2020