CS3342- TUTORIAL No.2 , v.

CS3342 – Software Design

Tutorial No.2 – OO Basics and Examples

Section A – Library System

In Library System Ver. 3.0, we need to support child, adult and senior library
members, with different late book return penalty fine rate (i.e. $3/day for
children, $10/day for adult, $5/day for seniors). We also know that a child will
becoming an adult in one day and an adult will become a senior in one day.
Explain why Design B is better than Design A?

Design A: (Using Inheritance) Design B:

(Interface/Implementation)

Task 1: Using Visual Paradigm to create two separate projects (name

Library_System_Design_A and Library_System_Design_B), and recreate the
class diagrams for Design A and Design B.

Task 2: Using Visual Paradigm to generate Java Source Codes for

Library_System_Design_A and Library_System_Design_B respectively.

Task 3: Open BlueJ and create two separate projects (Design_A and Design_B),
and important (drag_and_drop) the generated code into the BlueJ system. Add
“import java.util.Date;” to the first line of class Borrowing.

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Task 4: Analyze the differences between the two designs. Attempt to answer
why Design B is better than Design A?

Task 5 (For Avanced Students, Optional): Attempt to complete the

implementation in BlueJ.

Task 4 Answer:

The difference between Design A and Design B is on whether we want to model

each type of person in the real world by exactly one member object in the
entire life of the system.

Design A assumes that at different stages of a man (modeled as a member), we

need to represent the man by different types of objects. Design B assumes that
at different stages, the same member refers to the same man, and to model
different stages, Design B uses MemberState objects of different belonging
classes.

Design B is better in the sense that the conceptual constraints of Member is

closer to our real world and this conceptual constraint needs to be
implemented as stated in the question “We also know that a child will become
an adult in one day and an adult will become a senior in one day”.
i.e. it also models “the change of state” from one to another.

Note that if the conceptual constraint does not exist, i.e., there is no
requirement to model the change of states of a member, Design A is better
than Design B because Design B has over-engineered the solution.

Section B – City Online Store

Below shows a restructuring of the C++ program from using procedural

approach to using object-oriented approach.

Analyze the following code that models the program using the OO approach.

Procedural approach
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

void main() {
// 1. Get input.
int n;
cin >> n;

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double *amount = new double[n];

for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
cin >> amount[i];

// 2. Process input and display output

// 2.1 Setup Customer's initial state
double total = 0;
string state = "Typical";

// 2.2 Process each transaction

for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {

// 2.2.1. Setup discount

int discount;
if (state == "Typical")
discount = 100;
else if (state == "VIP")
discount = 80;
else if (state == "Golden")
discount = 50;
double final = amount[i] * discount / 100;

// 2.2.2. Setup deposit to be paid

int depositRatio;
if (state == "Typical")
depositRatio = 100;
else if (state == "VIP")
depositRatio = 50;
else if (state == "Golden")
depositRatio = 0;
double deposit = final * depositRatio / 100;

// 2.2.3 Check for promotion

total += amount[i];
if (total > 10000)
state = "Golden";
else if (total > 5000)
state = "VIP";

// 2.2.4 Display output

cout << "Selling price: " << amount[i] << ", "
<< "Discounted price: " << final << ", "
<< "Deposit: $" << deposit << ", "
<< "Type: " << state << "\n";
}
}
Here is a sample input and output of the program:
Input: Output:
5 Selling price: 3000, Discounted price: 3000, Deposit: $3000, Type: Typical
3000 Selling price: 3000, Discounted price: 3000, Deposit: $3000, Type: VIP
3000 Selling price: 3000, Discounted price: 2400, Deposit: $1200, Type: VIP
3000 Selling price: 3000, Discounted price: 2400, Deposit: $1200, Type: Golden
3000 Selling price: 3000, Discounted price: 1500, Deposit: $0, Type: Golden
3000

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Object-oriented approach in C++

#include <iostream> Customer* Customer::customer = new
#include <string> Customer();
using namespace std;
class Manager {
class State { public:
public: void process(double amount, ostream&
virtual int discount() = 0; outs) {
virtual int deposit() = 0; Customer *c =
virtual string type() = 0; Customer::lookup();
}; double final = amount * c-
class Typical: public State { >discount() / 100;
public: double deposit = final * c-
int discount() { return 100; } >deposit() / 100;
int deposit() { return 100; } c->promote(amount);
string type() { return "Typical"; }
}; outs << "Selling price: " <<
class VIP: public State { amount << ", "
public: << "Discounted price: " <<
int discount() { return 80; } final << ", "
int deposit() { return 50; } << "Deposit: $" << deposit
string type() { return "VIP"; } << ", "
}; << "Type: " << c->type()
class Golden: public State { << "\n";
public: }
int discount() { return 50; } };
int deposit() { return 0; }
string type() { return "Golden"; } class IO {
}; public:
void getInput() {
class Customer { Manager manager;
public: int n;
Customer(): total(0) { state = new cin >> n;
Typical(); }
static Customer* lookup() { return double *amount = new double[n];
customer; } for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
int discount() { return state->discount(); } cin >> amount[i];
int deposit() { return state->deposit(); }
string type() { return state->type(); } for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
void promote(double amount) {
total += amount; manager.process(amount[i], cout);
if (total > 10000) }
state = new Golden(); };
else if (total > 5000)
state = new VIP(); void main() {
} IO io;
private: io.getInput();
static Customer* customer; }
double total;
State* state;
};

Task 1 - Design: VP: Below is a Simple Class diagram (BlueJ) Please attempt to
use Visual Paradigm to generate a more complete Class Diagram.

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Task 2 - Implementation: BlueJ: Create a BlueJ project (see below), and

convert the C++ code into Java, solution provided on Canvas for your reference.

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