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    Introduction To Functions

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    The document discusses determining the domain and range of functions. It provides examples of domain and range for polynomial, rational, root, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions. It then gives 7 additional functions and their domain and range, such as the domain of g(x) being [-2,2] and the range being [0,2].

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    Introduction To Functions

    Uploaded by

    ernestnyondo63
    7K views4 pages
    The document discusses determining the domain and range of functions. It provides examples of domain and range for polynomial, rational, root, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions. It then gives 7 additional functions and their domain and range, such as the domain of g(x) being [-2,2] and the range being [0,2].

    Original Description:

    Lecture Presentations by David Nyirenda

    Original Title

    Introduction_to_Functions

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    The document discusses determining the domain and range of functions. It provides examples of domain and range for polynomial, rational, root, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions. It then gives 7 additional functions and their domain and range, such as the domain of g(x) being [-2,2] and the range being [0,2].

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7K views4 pages

    Introduction To Functions

    Uploaded by

    ernestnyondo63
    The document discusses determining the domain and range of functions. It provides examples of domain and range for polynomial, rational, root, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions. It then gives 7 additional functions and their domain and range, such as the domain of g(x) being [-2,2] and the range being [0,2].

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    Understanding Functions: Domain and Range

    David Nyirenda
    Malawi University of Science and Technology
    Email: bioengineerdavid@gmail.com
    Contact: +265991270374

    Introduction to Functions
    A function is a relation between a set of inputs (the domain) and a set of
    possible outputs (the codomain), where each input is related to exactly one
    output. Mathematically, we can denote a function f as:

    f :X→Y
    where X is the domain of the function f and Y is the codomain. The set of
    all actual outputs of the function is called the range.

    Determining Domain and Range


    To determine the domain and range of a function, we need to consider the
    possible inputs (values of x) and the corresponding outputs (values of f (x)).

    Polynomial Functions
    Example 1: Consider the polynomial function f (x) = x2 − 4x + 3.
    Solution:
    • The domain of f (x) is all real numbers, as there are no restrictions on the
    input x.

    • To find the range, we can find the vertex of the parabola. Completing the
    square, we have f (x) = (x − 2)2 − 1, with the minimum value at x = 2.
    Therefore, the range of f (x) is f (x) ≥ −1.

    Rational Functions
    1
    Example 2: Consider the rational function f (x) = x−1 .
    Solution:

    1
    • The domain of f (x) is all real numbers except x = 1, as the denominator
    cannot be zero.
    • The range of f (x) is all real numbers excluding y = 0, as the function
    approaches infinity as x approaches 1 from either side.

    Root Functions
    √
    Example 3: Consider the square root function f (x) = x.
    Solution:
    • The domain of f (x) is all non-negative real numbers, as the square root
    of a negative number is undefined in the real number system.
    • The range of f (x) is all non-negative real numbers, as the square root
    function outputs only non-negative values.

    Trigonometric Functions
    Example 4: Consider the sine function f (x) = sin(x).
    Solution:
    • The domain of f (x) is all real numbers.
    • The range of f (x) is [−1, 1], as the sine function’s values oscillate between
    -1 and 1.

    Logarithmic Functions
    Example 5: Consider the logarithmic function f (x) = ln(x).
    Solution:
    • The domain of f (x) is all positive real numbers, as the natural logarithm
    of zero or a negative number is undefined.
    • The range of f (x) is all real numbers, as the natural logarithm can take
    on any real value.

    Exponential Functions
    Example 6: Consider the exponential function f (x) = ex .
    Solution:
    • The domain of f (x) is all real numbers.
    • The range of f (x) is all positive real numbers, as the exponential function’s
    values are always positive.

    2
    Example 7: Consider the function f (x) = 3x .
    Solution:
    • The domain of f (x) is all real numbers.
    • The range of f (x) is all positive real numbers.
    1
    Example 8: Consider the function f (x) = 2x .
    Solution:
    • The domain of f (x) is all real numbers.
    • The range of f (x) is all positive real numbers.
    2
    Example 9: Consider the function f (x) = e−x .
    Solution:
    • The domain of f (x) is all real numbers.
    2
    • The range of f (x) is all positive real numbers, as e−x is always positive.
    √
    Example 10: Consider the function f (x) = 1 − x2 .
    Solution:
    • The domain of f (x) is [−1, 1], as the square root of a negative number or
    a number greater than 1 is undefined.
    √
    • The range of f (x) is [0, 1], as 1 − x2 is always non-negative and less than
    or equal to 1.

    Determine Domain and Range


    Consider the following functions. Determine the domain and range of each
    function:
    x
    1. f (x) = x−2
    √
    2. g(x) = 4 − x2
    3. h(x) = log2 (x + 1)
    1
    4. j(x) = x2 +1

    5. k(x) = sin−1 (x)


    6. m(x) = ex + 2
    7. n(x) = √1
    x−3
    √
    Function g(x) = 4 − x2 :

    3
    • Domain: [−2, 2]
    • Range: [0, 2]
    Function h(x) = log2 (x + 1):
    • Domain: x > −1

    • Range: all real numbers


    1
    Function j(x) = x2 +1 :

    • Domain: all real numbers

    • Range: (0, 1]
    Function k(x) = sin−1 (x):
    • Domain: [−1, 1]
    • Range: [− π2 , π2 ]

    Function m(x) = ex + 2:
    • Domain: all real numbers
    • Range: (2, ∞)

    Function n(x) = √1 :
    x−3

    • Domain: x > 3

    • Range: (0, ∞)

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