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Lecture # 3 (Functions)

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6 views

Lecture # 3 (Functions)

Uploaded by

saadbutt43215
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Calculus &

Analytical
Geometry
(MATH- 101)
Instructor: Dr. Naila Amir (naila.amir@seecs.edu.pk)
Identifying Functions, their
Domain and Range

 Book: Thomas Calculus (14th Edition) by George B. Thomas, Maurice D. Weir, Joel R. Hass, Frank R. Giordano
 Chapter: 1 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3)
Example: Describe the domain and range of the following function:

Domain:
Range:
Example: Find the domain and range of ℎ(𝑡𝑡) = 4 − 3𝑡𝑡.
The input to a square root
function must be greater
than or equal to 0

t −32 −20 −15 −7 −4 0 1 2 3 Dividing by a


negative switches
h 10 8 7 5 4 2 1 ER ER the sign

Domain: (−∞, 4/3]


Range: [0, ∞) The range is clear from the graph and table.
Examples: Identifying Domain and Range
1. 3,7 , −3,7 , 7, −2 , −8, −5
2. y = 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 4
2
3. y = 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑥𝑥
4.
Examples: Identifying Domain and Range
1. { 3,7 , −3,7 , 7, −2 , (−8, −5)}
Domain = −8, −3,3,7 , Range = {−5, −2,7}
2. 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 4
Domain = ℝ, Range = {𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ: 𝑦𝑦 ≥ −4}
2
3. 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑥𝑥
Domain = {𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0}, Range = {𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ: 𝑦𝑦 ≠ 0}
4.

Domain = 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 3 ,
Range = ℝ

𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍: ℝ = Set of real numbers


Example: Describe the domain and range of the following function:
Identifying Functions
and their graphs
Linear Functions

Equations that can be


written 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑏𝑏

slope 𝑦𝑦 −intercept

The domain and range of these functions is the set


of all real numbers i.e., ℝ.
Constant Functions

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −1 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 1

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑏𝑏, where 𝑏𝑏 is a real number

The domain of these functions is all real numbers, i.e., ℝ

The range will only be 𝑏𝑏, i.e., {𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑏𝑏}


Identity Function
If we put any real number in this
function, we get the same real
number “back”.
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥, slope 1, 𝑦𝑦 −intercept = 0


The domain of this function is all real numbers, i.e., ℝ.
The range is also all real numbers , i.e., ℝ.
Square Function (Parabolic Function)

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥2

The domain of this function is all real numbers, i.e., ℝ.


The range of this function is: 𝑦𝑦 ∈ ℝ: 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 0 .
Cubic Function

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥3

The domain of this function is all real numbers, i.e., ℝ.


The range is also all real numbers , i.e., ℝ.
Reciprocal Function

1
𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑥𝑥

The domain of this function is all non-zero real numbers, i.e.,


𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0
The range is: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ∈ ℝ: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ≠ 0
Square Root Function

𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥

The domain of this function is: 𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ: 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 0


The range is: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ∈ ℝ: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ≥ 0
These are the functions that are defined differently on different
parts of the domain.
Absolute Value Function

𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥, 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 0
=�
−𝑥𝑥, 𝑥𝑥 < 0

The domain of this function is all real numbers:


𝑥𝑥 ∈ ℝ or −∞, ∞
The range is: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ∈ ℝ: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ≥ 0 or 0, ∞
The Greatest Integer Function (floor function)
Floor Function: the greatest integer that is less than or equal to 𝑥𝑥

Practice: Define the least integer function (ceiling function).


The Greatest Integer Function (floor function)

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