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    Pre-Lab Questions 7 - Alginate Encapsulation of An Enzyme

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    JAROMIR KENNETH CLARA MARTINEZ
    Alginate is a biopolymer composed of mannuronic (M) and guluronic (G) acid blocks that gelates in the presence of calcium ions. The guluronic acid blocks bind to calcium ions in an "egg-box" structure. Encapsulation efficiency is calculated as the percentage of total drug entrapped in a carrier compared to the total drug added. It provides a measure of how effectively a drug is encapsulated during the encapsulation process.

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    Pre-Lab Questions 7 - Alginate Encapsulation of An Enzyme

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    JAROMIR KENNETH CLARA MARTINEZ
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    Alginate is a biopolymer composed of mannuronic (M) and guluronic (G) acid blocks that gelates in the presence of calcium ions. The guluronic acid blocks bind to calcium ions in an "egg-box" structure. Encapsulation efficiency is calculated as the percentage of total drug entrapped in a carrier compared to the total drug added. It provides a measure of how effectively a drug is encapsulated during the encapsulation process.

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    Pre-Lab Questions 7 - Alginate Encapsulation of an Enzyme

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    Alginate is a biopolymer composed of mannuronic (M) and guluronic (G) acid blocks that gelates in the presence of calcium ions. The guluronic acid blocks bind to calcium ions in an "egg-box" structure. Encapsulation efficiency is calculated as the percentage of total drug entrapped in a carrier compared to the total drug added. It provides a measure of how effectively a drug is encapsulated during the encapsulation process.

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    6 views3 pages

    Pre-Lab Questions 7 - Alginate Encapsulation of An Enzyme

    Uploaded by

    JAROMIR KENNETH CLARA MARTINEZ
    Alginate is a biopolymer composed of mannuronic (M) and guluronic (G) acid blocks that gelates in the presence of calcium ions. The guluronic acid blocks bind to calcium ions in an "egg-box" structure. Encapsulation efficiency is calculated as the percentage of total drug entrapped in a carrier compared to the total drug added. It provides a measure of how effectively a drug is encapsulated during the encapsulation process.

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    of 3

    Jaromir Kenneth Clara Martínez

    Ingeniería en Biotecnología ID: 3434978


    Facultad de Biotecnología
    Laboratorio de Nanotecnología y Tecnología de Materiales

    PRE-LAB QUESTIONS 7: ALGINATE ENCAPSULATION OF AN ENZYME

    1. What is the chemical structure of alginate? What is the composition of G and M


    blocks?

    Alginate is a non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, water-soluble and renewable biopolymer,


    usually extracted from brown macroalgae and is mainly composed of β-D-mannuronic (M) and α-
    L-guluronic (G) acids, which are distributed randomly in the structure of the polymer chain.
    Furthermore, the alginate can present sequences of monomers of the M and G residues, as well as
    their alternation, thus obtaining M blocks and G blocks (homopolymeric), and MG blocks
    (heteropolymeric).

    Figure 1
    Chemical structure of alginate and composition of G and M blocks.

    2. Explain what happens chemically when alginate gelates in the presence of Ca 2+ ions.
    Give a diagram of the process.
    Jaromir Kenneth Clara Martínez
    Ingeniería en Biotecnología ID: 3434978
    Facultad de Biotecnología
    Laboratorio de Nanotecnología y Tecnología de Materiales

    When alginate gelates in the presence of Ca2+ ions, it undergoes a process called ionotropic
    gelation. This process occurs due to the interaction between the carboxyl groups (-COO-) of the
    guluronic acid (G) residues in the alginate chains and the divalent calcium ions (Ca2+).

    Figure 2
    The " egg‐box " model of gelation of alginate by calcium.

    3. What is encapsulation efficiency and how is it calculated?

    Encapsulation efficiency is the percentage of drug that is successfully entrapped into the micelle
    or nanoparticle. Encapsulation efficiency (EE%) is calculated by (total drug added – free non
    entrapped drug) divided by the total drug added.

    Figure 3
    The formula to calculate encapsulation efficiency.
    Jaromir Kenneth Clara Martínez
    Ingeniería en Biotecnología ID: 3434978
    Facultad de Biotecnología
    Laboratorio de Nanotecnología y Tecnología de Materiales

    References

    Hurtado, A., Selgas, R., & Ángel Serrano Aroca. (2020). El alginato y sus inmensas aplicaciones

    industriales. Nereis, 12, 137–149. https://doi.org/10.46583/nereis_2020.12.573

    Yerald Ore B, Renzo, E., & Valderrama, A. C. (2020). EXTRACCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN

    DEL ALGINATO DE SODIO DE LA MACROALGA Macrocystis pyrifera. Revista de La

    Sociedad Química Del Perú, 86(3), 276–287. https://doi.org/10.37761/rsqp.v86i3.300

    Hu, C., Lu, W., Mata, A., Katsuyoshi Nishinari, & Fang, Y. (2021). Ions-induced gelation of

    alginate: Mechanisms and applications. International Journal of Biological

    Macromolecules, 177, 578–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.086

    Drug Delivery FAQs. (2016). Sigmaaldrich.com. https://doi.org/dogri

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