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    Linguistics Chapter 2

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    asadullah.changaizi
    Linguistics is the scientific study of language in general, not any specific language. It has several major branches including anthropological linguistics which studies language variation and use in relation to culture, applied linguistics which looks at practical language applications, and psycholinguistics which examines psychological processes involved in language use. Other branches are sociolinguistics which analyzes how language and society interconnect, neurolinguistics which studies how language is represented in the brain, and educational linguistics which focuses on language teaching and learning. Descriptive linguistics objectively analyzes language as used, historical linguistics studies how languages change over time, and comparative linguistics examines relationships between languages.

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    Linguistics Chapter 2

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    asadullah.changaizi
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    Linguistics is the scientific study of language in general, not any specific language. It has several major branches including anthropological linguistics which studies language variation and use in relation to culture, applied linguistics which looks at practical language applications, and psycholinguistics which examines psychological processes involved in language use. Other branches are sociolinguistics which analyzes how language and society interconnect, neurolinguistics which studies how language is represented in the brain, and educational linguistics which focuses on language teaching and learning. Descriptive linguistics objectively analyzes language as used, historical linguistics studies how languages change over time, and comparative linguistics examines relationships between languages.

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    Linguistics is the scientific study of language in general, not any specific language. It has several major branches including anthropological linguistics which studies language variation and use in relation to culture, applied linguistics which looks at practical language applications, and psycholinguistics which examines psychological processes involved in language use. Other branches are sociolinguistics which analyzes how language and society interconnect, neurolinguistics which studies how language is represented in the brain, and educational linguistics which focuses on language teaching and learning. Descriptive linguistics objectively analyzes language as used, historical linguistics studies how languages change over time, and comparative linguistics examines relationships between languages.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    19 views5 pages

    Linguistics Chapter 2

    Uploaded by

    asadullah.changaizi
    Linguistics is the scientific study of language in general, not any specific language. It has several major branches including anthropological linguistics which studies language variation and use in relation to culture, applied linguistics which looks at practical language applications, and psycholinguistics which examines psychological processes involved in language use. Other branches are sociolinguistics which analyzes how language and society interconnect, neurolinguistics which studies how language is represented in the brain, and educational linguistics which focuses on language teaching and learning. Descriptive linguistics objectively analyzes language as used, historical linguistics studies how languages change over time, and comparative linguistics examines relationships between languages.

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    CHAPTER 2

    LINGUISTICS

    What is Linguistics?
    The word Linguistics has been derived from
    Latin word ‘Lingua’ (Tongue) ‘istics’
    (knowledge or science). Linguistics refers to
    the scientific study of language. But this does
    not refer to a particular language but of
    human language in general.

    LINGUISTICS & MAJOR BRANCES OF IT


     Anthropological Linguistics (study of human race)

    The study of language variation and language use in


    relation to the cultural patterns and beliefs of the
    human race, as investigated using the theory and
    methods of anthropology.

    1
     Applied Linguistics
    Charles A. Ferguson was the founder and first
    director of the Center for Applied Linguistics
    The branch of linguistics concerned with practical
    applications of language studies, for example
    language teaching, translation, and speech therapy.

     Psycholinguistics (psyche + linguistics)


    Jacob Kantor 1936
    Psycholinguistics is the field of study in which
    researchers investigate the psychological processes
    involved in the use of language, including language
    comprehension, language production, and first and
    second language acquisition.

    Psycholinguistics involves: language processing


    reading, writing, speaking, listening and memory.
    For instance, how words on paper are turned into
    meaning in the mind.

     Sociolinguistics (social + linguistics)


    Labov is regarded as the founder of Sociolinguistics
    Sociolinguistics is the study of how language serves
    and is shaped by the social nature of human beings.
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    In its broadest conception, sociolinguistics analyzes
    the many and diverse ways in which language and
    society interlink.

    Sociolinguistics, is the study of the sociological


    aspects of language. The discipline concerns itself
    with the part language plays in maintaining the
    social roles in a community.

     Neurolinguistics (Neurons + Linguistics)


    Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is
    represented in the brain: that is, how and where our
    brains store our knowledge of the language (or
    languages) that we speak, understand, read, and
    write, what happens in our brains as we acquire that
    knowledge, and what happens as we use it in our
    everyday lives.
    A person reads the word "carrot" in a book.
    Immediately, their brain recalls the meaning of the
    word. In addition, their brain also recalls how a
    carrot smells, feels and tastes.

    3
     Educational linguistics
    Educational linguistics is a field of research, theory,
    policy, and practice whose essential concern is the
    teaching and learning of language. Study of teaching
    and learning of a language especially in schools and
    other educational institutions.
     Geographical Linguistics
    The branch of linguistics that involves the study of
    regional variations of speech forms. Also called
    Dialect geography.

    DESCRIPTIVE, HISTORICAL, AND


    COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS

    4
    DESCRIPTIVE LINGUISTICS:
    In the study of language, description or descriptive
    linguistics is the work of objectively analyzing and
    describing how language is actually used (or how it was
    used in the past) by a speech community.

    HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
    Historical linguistics, the study of how languages change
    over time, subsumes both the general study of language
    change and the history of specific languages and
    language families.

    Historical linguistics is the scientific study of how


    languages change over time, which seeks to understand
    the relationships among languages and to reconstruct
    earlier stages of languages.

    COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS

    Comparative Linguistics is the study of the relationships


    or correspondences between two or more languages and
    the techniques used to discover whether the languages
    have a common ancestor.
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