TECNICATURA EN

MANTENIMIENTO
INDUSTRIAL
INGLÉS
PROF. LETICIA MERCANTE

2024
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UNIT 1: LA ORACIÓN. EL SUSTANTIVO. COGNADOS.

CONTENIDOS: Gramática: oraciones simples y compuestas. Conectores. El sustantivo.
Cognados y falsos cognados. Vocabulario: productividad, reducción de riesgos en el ámbito
laboral. Sustantivos compuestos, plurales, trabajos, la industria del petróleo, seguridad en el
trabajo, problemas de salud, tecnología y computación.
Se recomienda la incorporación de diccionarios.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/dictionary
https://www.ldoceonline.com/
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/macmillan
________________________________________________________________

SIMPLE SENTENCES
Contains one independent clause. One subject + one verb or verb phrase. Examples:
I´m happy. She exercises every morning. The dog barks loudly. He doesn´t like
vegetables.

COMPOUND SENTENCES
Contains two independent clauses joined by a conjunction (and, but, so, yet, or,
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because). Each independent clause expresses a single idea. So a compound sentences

contains two clauses and two ideas. Examples: I like to read and my sister enjoins
painting. He plays soccer, but she prefers swimming. She loves her job, yet she
complains about it a lot.

CONJUNCTIONS:
We use words called conjunctions, like AND, OR, BUT, YET, SO, BECAUSE and
ALTHOUGH, to join two parts of sentences.

ACTIVITIES :

1) Follow this link, watch the video, read and complete the activities.
https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar/a1-a2-grammar/conjunctions-or-so-
because-although

2) Identify the sentences as simple or compound.

a) Maizon will attend a new school soon. ____________________
b) Margaret and Maizon have been friends for a very long time. ________________
c) Maizon is going to Blue Hill, but Margaret will stay behind. __________________
d) She will leave soon, and she still has to pack. __________________________
e) Maizon thinks Margaret as her best friend in the whole world. _______________
f) Sometimes things change, and they can´t change back again. _______________
g) The friendship may end or it may stay the same. _________________________

3) Underline the simple sentences in each compound sentence below.

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a) Mr. Tory held Margaret´s hand, but she did not speak.
b) Maizon kept Margaret from doing things, but now Maizon is gone.
c) Margaret will try new things, or she will stay the same.
d) Margaret ´s dad died, and she lost her best friend.
e) Next summer might be better, or it might be worse.
f) The summer had brought sadness, and Margaret had suffered.
g) Margaret hoped for better times, but she couldn´t count on them.

4) Read the text and underline one simple sentence and one compound sentence.
Improve Productivity and Reduce Risk
Workplace safety is an important issue for any business. It protects employees from
injury, and safety training helps to improve productivity. With the appropriate training,
you can reduce risks, keep workers and customers safe, and ultimately improve results,
because the whole team is working safe.
Safety training gives your team the knowledge they need to perform work safely and it
also helps to prevent incidents. Our online training includes short, engaging videos that
can be accessed at any time, making it easy to fit into even the busiest schedules.

For more information about this topic follow this link:

https://www.interplaylearning.com/blog/four-reasons-why-safety-training-is-crucial-in-
facilities-maintenance/

TYPES OF NOUNS
COMMON NOUNS: words that refer to undefined or generic people, places or things. For
example, the country is a common noun that refers to a generic place while the word
Canada is not a common noun because it refers to a specific place. Common nouns are
only capitalized when they begin sentences or are used in the names or titles of
something as in Grand Canyon or Iron Man. Examples of common nouns: house, cat,
girl, food, country.
PROPER NOUNS: help to distinguish a specific person, place, or thing. These words
should be capitalized. The names and titles of things are always proper nouns, such as
the brand name Starbucks and the personal name Jenny. Examples of proper nouns:
Spain, Sony, Martha.
SINGULAR NOUNS: refer to only one person, place or thing. For example: a cat, a dog.
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PLURAL NOUNS: refer to more than one of something. Many singular nouns just need
an “s” added at the end to make them plural, (e.g. bee – bees). Form some nouns that
already end with an “s” you may need to add “es” to the end to make their plural
forms. (e.g. class – classes, bus – buses). Some singular nouns also change spelling
when made plural. (e.g. country – countries). Regular plural nouns: house – houses,
cat – cats, girls – girls, baby- babies). Irregular plural nouns: man – men, woman –
women, person – people, life – lives, mouse – mice, tooth – teeth.
CONCRETE NOUNS: something that can be perceived through the 5 senses. If you can
be see, hear, touch, taste or smell something. Examples: table, apple, rabbit, smoke.
ABSTRACT NOUNS: are intangible ideas that can´t be perceived with the 5 senses, such
as social concepts, political theories and character traits. Examples: anger, courage,
love, creativity, democracy.
COLLECTIVE NOUNS: function as singular noun while referring to a group of people or
things. A collective noun refers to a group that functions as one unit or performs the
same action at the same time. Example: team, crowd, flocks, committee.
COMPOUND NOUNS: A compound noun combines two or more words into one.
Compound nouns can appear as a single word, multiple words used separately, or words
connected by hyphens. Examples: dry-cleaning, toothpaste, haircut, output, ice cream,
potato chip.
COUNTABLE NOUNS: A countable noun is one that you can count. When you have three
books or 10 pennies, you are describing a noun that is countable. Examples: table,
apple, rabbit, ear.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: An uncountable noun is one that cannot be counted. For
example, happiness cannot be counted. You don’t say that you have “a happiness” or
“three happinesses.” Uncountable nouns typically don’t have plural forms. Examples:
salt, seafood, luggage, advice.
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GENDER IN NOUNS
Some languages mark words according to whether they are masculine, feminine or
neuter. In English, we do not commonly mark nouns according to gender. However, we
use pronouns and possessive determiners to show gender (for example, he, she, it, his,
hers): Example: She’s selling her house. We can use the pronoun it to refer to very
small children and babies when we speak generally about them, or when we do not
know their gender. We also use it to refer to animals when they’re not pets or when
we don’t know them personally: Example: The baby in the flat next door is always
awake and it just never seems to stop crying.
Most English nouns do not have grammatical gender. Nouns referring to people do not
have separate forms for men (male form) and women (female form). However, some
7

nouns traditionally had different forms. Nowadays, people usually prefer more neutral
forms.
MALE FORM FEMALE FORM NEUTRAL FORM
ACTOR ACTRESS ACTOR
CHAIRMAN CHAIRWOMAN CHAIRPERSON
HEADMASTER HEADMISTRESS HEADTEACHER / HEAD
HOST HOSTESS HOST
POLICEMAN POLICEWOMAN POLICE OFFICER
STEWARD STEWARDESS CABIN ATTENDANT
WAITER WAITRESS SERVER (Am. English)
POET POETESS POET

Traditional work-roles: Some jobs were normally done by men in the past, and their
names had no form for women (e.g. fireman, fisherman). Some were normally done by
women, and their names had no form for men (e.g. nurses and secretaries were almost
always women). Nowadays, fire-fighter is preferred to fireman, and nurse is preferred
for both sexes instead of male nurse for a man. Personal assistant (or PA) is often used
instead of secretary. The neutral words are more ‘politically correct’ (not likely to offend
anyone):
Two fire-fighters were injured in a blaze at an electronics factory yesterday.
My brother’s a nurse in the local hospital.
Animal Names: Some animal names have male and female forms. Very often, one of
the names acts as a neutral term, even if we know the sex of the animal.
MALE FEMALE NEUTRAL
BULL COW COW
DOG BITCH DOG
DRAKE DUCK DUCK
There were loads of people out walking with dogs today.
In the middle of this park there was a lovely pond with ducks swimming on it.

SEXIST LANGUAGE:
It a is language which excludes one sex or the other, or which suggests that one sex is
superior to the other. For example, traditionally, he, him and his were used to refer to
both sexes, male and female, but nowadays many people feel that this makes she, her
and hers seem less important or inferior. It is best to avoid sexist language in order not
to offend people. Some nouns, adjectives and verbs which include MAN are considered
sexist nowadays. We can often use neutral alternatives.
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TRADITIONAL FORM NEUTRAL ALTERNATIVES

MANPOWER WORKERS, WORKFORCE, STAFF PERSONNEL, HUMAN RESOURCES
MANMADE (adjective) ARTIFICIAL, SYNTHETIC
The firm is hoping to take on more workers (or staff). (preferred to … more manpower
…)
Somebody will have to be at the entrance to take the tickets as people come in.
(preferred to Somebody will have to man the entrance …)
Synthetic fibres are never as nice to wear as natural ones. (preferred to Manmade
fibres)
ACTIVITIES:
1) Nouns, jobs, plurals and vocabulary about the oil industry.
https://www.liveworksheets.com/es/w/en/english-second-language-esl/385944
2) Compound nouns, health and safety (personal protective equipment), oil industry.
https://www.liveworksheets.com/es/w/en/english-second-language-esl/281898
3) Vocabulary and listening on health problems, verbs and nouns.
https://www.liveworksheets.com/es/w/en/english-second-language-esl/220773
4) Compound nouns and Safety equipment: Label the objects used in safety.
https://www.liveworksheets.com/es/w/en/safety-equipment-industry/59534
SAFETY PANTS – GLOVES – GOOGLES – SAFETY VESTS – AIR FILTERS – HARD HATS
– EARMUFFS - BOOTS
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5) COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY: Answer.

a) What does a computer do?
b) What are the main components of a computer?
c) Have you got a computer at home?
d) What do you generally use your computer for?

6) Read the text about computer components and complete the table.

A computer is an electronic device that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations

and executes instructions in a program. Its main functions are to accept and process data to
produce results, store information and programs and show results.
The main characteristics of these powerful machines are: speed, as they can execute billions of
operations per second, high reliability in the elaboration and delivery of data and storage of
huge amounts of information.
A computer consists of hardware and software. The word hardware refers to all the components
you can physically see such as the CPU (Central Processing Unit), the internal memory system,
the mass storage system, the peripherals (input and output devices) and the connecting system.
Software, instead , comprises all the computer programs and related data that provide the
instructions for a computer to work properly.
The CPU is the brains of your computer and consists of ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), which carries
out the instructions of a program to perform arithmetical and logical operations, and CU (Control
Unit), which controls the system and coordinates all the operations. In order to memorize input
and output data, there is an internal memory that can be distinguished into volatile and non-
volatile. Volatile memory is memory that loses its contents when the computer or hardware
device is off. Computer RAM (Random Access Memory) is a good example of volatile memory. It
is the main memory of the computer where all data can be stored as long as the machine is on.
On the contrary, a non-volatile memory contains information, data and programs that cannot be
modified , or can be modified only very slowly and with difficulty. Computer ROM (Read Only
Memory), for example, contains essential and permanent information and software which allow
the computer to work properly. Memory storage devices are available in different options, sizes
and capacities. These devices are extremely useful; they can be rewritten and offer incredible
storage capacity, up to 256 GB. They can be magnetic (hard disks), optical (COs and OVOs) or
solid (flash memory cards).

Component Full name / Functions and

(acronym) Description properties -

Hardware
Software
CPU
ALU
CU
RAM
ROM
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7) Read the text about USB flash drivers and fill in the gaps with the words in the box. Then
listen and check.
PLUGGED – BACKUP – BOARD – MOVING – DISADVANTAGE – OPERATING SYSTEM
– CASE – OFF SITE – WATER - POCKET

A USB flash drive is a flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB (Universal Serial
Bus) interface. USB flash drives are removable and rewritable, and they are small enough to be
carried in a 1) __________________________. These portable drives are faster, have thousands
of times more capacity, and are more durable and reliable than CD-ROMs because of their lack
of 2_____________________ parts. Unlike most removable drives, a USB drive does not require
rebooting after it´s attached, they are very robust and use very little power. They just need to
be 3)________________________ into a USB port to work and they are compatible with any
modern 4)_______________________________, such as Linux, Mac OS X and Windows.
A flash drive consists of a small printed circuit 5) _______________________ carrying the circuit
elements and a USB connector insulated electrically and protected inside a plastic 6) _________.
The drive is often used as a 7) ___________________ medium to save data, because it is very
user-friendly and it can be carried 8) _____________________ for safety despite being large
enough for several backups. Moreover, flash drives are cheaper and less fragile than many other
backup systems. Its only 9) _________________________ is that it can be easily lost because
of its size and it´s easy for people without a right to data to take illicit backups. Some specially
manufactured flash drives are provided with a metal or rubber case designed to be waterproof
and almost unbreakable. It´s been tested that these flash drives can retain their memory even
after being submerged in 10) ____________________________, put in a washing machine and
run over with a car.

8) Find the synonyms for the following words in the text.

a) long-lasting: __________________ b) sturdy: ___________________
c) inserted: _____________________ d) easy-to use: _______________
e) fabricated: ___________________ f) hold: _____________________

9) Read the text again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F), then
correct the false ones.
a) Flash drives are provided with a very limited storage capacity.
b) They are lighter that other removable drives.
c) They need an external power supply to work.
d) USB flash drives are compatible with few operating systems.
e) A plastic case prevents the printed circuit board from being damaged.
f) USB drives are convenient for transferring data between computers or for personal backups.
g) They are more expensive than other backup systems.
h) Some models continue to work even after being accidentally dropped into water.

10) Read the text and complete the definitions with the words in the box.
MOUSE – SPEAKER – MODERN – KEYBOARD – PRINTER – DISK DRIVES – MONITOR
- SCANNER
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We call hardware the equipment involved in the functioning of a computer. It consists of several
components that can either send data to the computer (input devices) or convert and transfer
data out of the computer in the form of text, sound, image or other media (output devices). The
main input and output devices are:
1)_______________________: this is the display, which helps you control computer operations.
It accepts video signals from a computer and shows information on a screen. The first models
used cathode ray tubes (CRTs), which was the dominant technology until they were replaced by
liquid crystal displays (LCDs) in the 21st century.
2) _______________________: this is like a typewriter with an arrangement of keys
corresponding to written symbols. It is generally used to type text and numbers in a word
processor. However there are some special keys or combination of keys which, pressed
simultaneously, can produce actions or computer commands.
3) _______________________: this is a dynamic pointing device used to move the cursor on
the screen. It consists of a plastic case, a little ball that sends impulses to the computer when
rolled on a flat surface, one or more buttons, and a cable that connects the device to the
computer. Modern computers are provided with built-in pointing devices that let you control the
cursor by simply moving your finger over a pad.
4) ______________________: this captures images from printed pages or photos and converts
them into digital data. They usually come with software that lets you resize or modify a captured
image.
5) ______________________: this receives text and graphics from a computer and transfers
the information to paper. It may vary in size, speed, sophistication, and cost. In general, more
expensive models are used for higher-resolution colour printing.
6) ______________________: this converts electrical signals into sounds and allows you to
listen to music, multimedia web sites and conversations with other people.
7) ______________________: this a device or program that enables a computer to transmit
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data over telephone lines, by converting digital signals into analog waves. It can be either internal
or external to your computer.
8) _____________________: these are devices that allow you to read and write data on disks.
They can be either mounted inside the computer and store the computer operating system and
all the documents and programs, or come in the form of removable devices.

11) Read the descriptions of the different types of computers and match them with the correct
picure.
1) DESKTOP: this is a personal computer intended for
regular use at single location. It´s designed to sit on your
desk, and as such it consists of a monitor and a tower with
extra drives inside.

2) LAPTOP: this is a portable computer, which integrates

all the usual components of a desktop computer into a
single unit. Smaller versions of laptops are known as
notebooks. It is useful for people who do not have a fixed
place to work at. They are lighter than desktop computers,
but they also tend to be more expensive. They require an
expensive battery that needs to be recharged quite often.

3) NETBOOK: this is a portable computer, with limited

capabilities as compared to standard laptops. It is smaller
and lighter, but it also has less processing power that a
full-sized laptop. It is useful for people who don´t have a
fixed place to work at or for those who travel, but still need
to surf the Net. They use a battery which needs to be
recharged often.

4) PALMTOP: this is a small portable computer designed to

have large amounts of information close to hand. They are
provided with light long-lasting batteries and special
operating systems. They don´t require any keyboard but
use special pens or touch screens to enter data and access
information.

5) MAINFRAME: this is a very large and expensive

computer capable of supporting thousands of users at the
same time. For this reason, it is used in businesses and it´s
the center of computer networks. These super computers, which are usually as big as a large
refrigerator, are the most powerful and expensive ones and they´re used for jobs which require
enormous amounts of calculations, such as weather forecasting, engineering design and
economic data processing.
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12) Read the texts again and answer the questions:

a) What does a desktop computer consist of?

b) Are desktop computers designed to be carried around?
c) Who are laptops useful for?
d) What is the difference between a netbook and a laptop?
e) How can you access or enter information on a palmtop?
f) What are the mainframes used for?

13) THE INTERNET: Read the text and complete the sentences with the missing information.

The Internet is a worldwide information system consisting of countless networks and computers,
which allow millions of people to share information and data. Thanks to the Internet it is now
possible for people all over the world to communicate with one another in a fast land cheap way.
The Internet was first invented in the 1960s in the USA by the Department of Defense as an
internal project to link computers. The Department wanted an extremely safe way of sending
messages in case of nuclear attack. It was a British physicist, Sir Timothy Berners-Lee, who used
it to make information available to everyone and created the most important media of the 21 st
century. In 1980 while working at CERN in Geneva – the largest particle physics laboratory in
the world – he first thought of using hypertext to share and update information among
researchers. Then, in 1989-90 he produced a plan to link hypertext to the Internet to create The
World Wide Web. He designed and built the first site browser and editor, as well as the first web
server called httpd (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Deamon). Hypertext are the words or chains of
words in a text we can click on to be linked to new sites whose content is related to the words.
But how does this global system work? It is a network of people and information linked together
by telephone lines which are connected to computers. The applications are based on a client /
server relationship, in which your computer is the client and a remote computer is the server. All
you need to join this system, a normal telephone line, a modern and an account with an Internet
Service Provider (ISP), a company that provides access to the Internet. A user buys a
subscription to a service provider, which gives him/her an identifying username, a password and
an email address. With a computer and a modem, the user can connect to the service provider´s
computer which gives access to many services, such as WWW (world wide web), emails and FTP
(file transfer protocol).

a) The Internet allows people to ____________________________________

b) In the 1960s, the Internet was used _______________________________
c) Thanks to Sir Timothy Berners-Lee ________________________________
d) He created the World Wide Web by linking __________________________
e) All you need to access the Internet is _______________________________
f) The ISP is _____________________________________________________

14) Read the text about the different types of Internet connections and match the words in the
box with the correct definition.
DSL – WIRELESS – SATELLITE – CABLE – DIAL UP
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1) It is used to be the most common way to access the Internet. This type of connection requires
you to use a landline telephone connection and a modern connected to your computer. In order
to establish the connection, you must dial a telephone number provided by the ISP. Nowadays
it represents the cheapest but slowest way to connect to the Internet. Another disadvantage of
this type of connection is that you cannot make or receive phone calls while connected to the
Internet.

2) A digital subscriber line is another way to connect to the Internet through a telephone
connection, but the quality and speed of the connection is significantly greater than a dial-up
connection. Moreover, unlike a dial-up connection, this connection is always on, which means
you can still make and receive telephone calls with your landline telephone.

3) In order to have this type of connection you must subscribe to an account with a local cable
television provider and connect a cable modern to your computer. This connections is very fast
and doesn´t interfere with your telephone line.

4) This is one of the newest Internet connection types. This connection does not require your
computer to be connected to telephone or cable wires, as it uses radio frequency bands. You
simply need a modern and an account with an Internet provider. Nowadays, many coffee shops,
restaurants, public libraries and schools offer this type of connection for free. However, it is
typically more expensive and mainly available in metropolitan areas.

5) This type of connection allows a user to access the Internet via a satellite that orbits the earth.
Because of the enormous distances signals must travel, this connection is slightly slower that
terrestrial connections through cables. It represents an excellent option for people living in rural
areas where other types of connections are not available.

GLOSSARY:
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SIGNIFICADO DE COGNADOS (COGNATES)

Cognates are words in English that are similar and have similar meaning. Example: The
Spanish word pausa has a similar meaning to the English word pause.
En nuestro proceso de aprendizaje del idioma inglés, nos ha pasado que confundimos
palabras o las usamos de manera incorrecta porque tienen ciertas similitudes o bien,
aquellas que guardan mucho parecido incluso en su significado y nos han sido de gran
ayuda. A esto se le conoce como cognados y falsos cognados. A continuación, veremos
de qué se trata.
¿Qué son los cognados? En términos lingüísticos, son dos vocablos de
lenguas diferentes que guardan similitudes fonéticas y léxicas. En términos
más sencillos, los cognados son palabras que tienen el mismo origen etimológico, pero
han evolucionado en cuanto a su fonética. Guardan aspectos similares como la
ortografía, el significado y la pronunciación en dos idiomas. Aproximadamente, el 40%
de todas las palabras en inglés se relacionan con el español y esto facilita la
comprensión lingüística del primer idioma. Por ello, se dice que los cognados son un
puente entre ambos idiomas. Ejemplos de cognados en inglés. Lista de cognados
perfectos: https://es.slideshare.net/nataliaobi/5-350-cognados-perfectos

INGLÉS ESPAÑOL
IMPORTANT IMPORTANTE
TRANSLATE TRADUCIR
ACTIVITY ACTIVIDAD
MODERN MODERNO
DIFFICULT DIFÍCIL
ACTOR ACTOR
ALCOHOL ALCOHOL
ANIMAL ANIMAL
HOSPITAL HOSPITAL
EXPLOSION EXPLOSION
FLEXIBLE FLEXIBLE

FALSE FRIENDS – FALSE COGNATES https://youtu.be/w5q9-61H4Ok

¿Qué es un amigo? Alguien que está cuando lo necesitas y te ayuda en los momentos
17

complicados. Podemos tener “amigos” en los idiomas que estudiamos, es decir, los
cognados que acabamos de trabajar. Palabras que se asemejan mucho a las de nuestra
lengua materna y nos “ayudan” cuando estamos tratando de expresarnos. Pero aquí
hablaremos de los “falsos amigos” (en inglés, “false friends” o “false cognates”). ¿Y qué
son? Bueno, para ello tenemos que volver de nuevo a las palabras amigas, también
llamadas “cognates” (“cognadas” en español), es decir, vocablos emparentados
morfológicamente, que provienen fundamentalmente del latín y, además de ser
prácticamente similares en su forma, también poseen un significado muy parecido en
varios idiomas, lo que resulta muy práctico. Entonces, ¿por qué será que a otras
palabras las llamamos “falsos amigos”? Sí, como habrás adivinado, los falsos amigos
son las palabras que a primera vista creemos que quieren decir lo mismo en inglés y
en español (o en otra combinación lingüística) porque se escriben de forma similar,
pero que en realidad su significado es bastante (o completamente) distinto. ¿Por qué
hay que estar atentos ante estos falsos amigos? Porque tendemos a preferir las
opciones más sencillas, así que, cuando estamos hablando con alguien y buscamos
rápidamente la palabra que necesitamos usar, nuestro cerebro puede caer en el error
de recurrir a uno de estos falsos amigos.
Vamos a ver algunos de los falsos amigos más comunes que existen entre el inglés y el
español.

ESPAÑOL PALABRA FALSO AMIGO INGLÉS

CORRECTA
EN INGLÉS
SIMPÁTICO FRIENDLY, Sympathetic (adjetivo = alguien que es amable con
LIKEABLE otra persona que ha tenido un problema y entiende
cómo se siente: ‘comprensivo, compasivo’). Por
ejemplo:

When I had my accident, my boss was very

sympathetic.
(Cuando tuve el accidente, mi jefa fue muy
comprensiva).
EXTRANJERO FOREIGNER Stranger (sustantivo = alguien a quien no conoces:
‘desconocido, extraño’). Por ejemplo:

That man that just came up is a complete stranger. I

don’t know him at all!
(Ese hombre que acaba de llegar es un completo
extraño. ¡No lo conozco de nada!).
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SENSATO SENSIBLE Sensitive (adjetivo = alguien que reacciona con mucha

sensibilidad: ‘susceptible, delicado, sensible’). Por
ejemplo:

Andrea is so sensitive. Sometimes it’s difficult to have

a conversation with her as she takes things so
personally
(Andrea es muy susceptible. A veces es difícil mantener
una conversación con ella porque se ofende por
cualquier cosa).
ACTUALMENTE AT THE Actually (adverbio usado para enfatizar algo que es
MOMENT, verdaderamente cierto: ‘en realidad’, ‘de hecho’). Por
NOWADAYS, ejemplo:
THESE
DAYS, Actually, Jane lives in Toulouse, not Paris.
CURRENTLY (En realidad, Jane vive en Toulouse, no en París).
FÁBRICA FACTORY Fabric (sustantivo = ‘tela, tejido’). Por ejemplo:

I’ve just bought some lovely fabric to make new

curtains
(Acabo de comprar una tela preciosa para hacer
cortinas nuevas).
DISCUTIR ARGUE Discuss (verbo = hablar de algo con alguien: ‘hablar
de, analizar, intercambiar opiniones’). Por ejemplo:

We discussed 5 different items from the meeting

agenda
(Tratamos cinco puntos del orden del día).
IDIOMA LANGUAGE Idiom (sustantivo = ‘modismo’, ‘expresión cuyo
significado no se deduce del significado de las palabras
que la componen’). Por ejemplo:

“To have your feet on the ground” is an idiom meaning

‘to be sensible’
(“To have your feet on the ground” es un modismo que
significa “ser sensato”… como mi amigo Bob al que
mencionaba más arriba).
EMBARAZADA PREGNANT / Embarrassed / Embarrassing (adjetivos = cuando uno
EXPECTING se siente incómodo o avergonzado por algo, sin saber
A BABY qué decir: ‘avergonzado’ (embarrassed), o bien algo
que resulta ‘embarazoso, violento, comprometido’
(embarrassing). Por ejemplo:

I tripped and fell down the steps in front of everyone.

I felt so embarrassed / It was embarrassing!
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(Tropecé y me caí por las escaleras delante de todo el

mundo. ¡Pasé muchísima vergüenza! / ¡Fue muy
embarazoso! / ¡Qué corte!).
CONSTIPADO TO HAVE A Constipated (adjetivo = incapaz de hacer salir los
COLD desechos sólidos del cuerpo: ‘estreñido’). Por ejemplo:

Doctors say that if you are constipated you should eat

more fibre and drink lots of wáter
(Los médicos dicen que si tienes estreñimiento debes
ingerir más cantidad de fibra y beber mucha agua).

¿Quieres saber más sobre salud y enfermedades en

inglés?
SOPORTAR TO PUT UP Support (verbo = 1. Respaldar una idea o a una
(=TOLERAR O WITH persona, ayudarla: ‘apoyar, mantener’. 2. Sostener un
LLEVAR CON peso. Por ejemplo:
PACIENCIA)
My parents supported my decision to study medicine
(Mis padres apoyaron mi decisión de estudiar
Medicina).

ACTIVITIES :
1) Indica si las siguientes frases son correctas. Si no lo son, ¿cómo deberías corregirlas?
Juan is learning a new idiom this year.
I always get a constipated in winter.
My friend was embarrassed when she spilt the wine on her blouse.
Maria takes things personally. She’s so sensible!
I can’t support my new neighbour. She’s always complaining!
Respuestas: Idiom es incorrecto (respuesta correcta: language). Constipated es incorrecto (respuesta correcta: cold). Correcto.
Sensible es incorrecto (respuesta correcta: sensitive). Support es incorrecto (respuesta correcta: put up with,
stand o bear).