Scribd
Upload
1K views

PES Statements

The PES statement describes a nutrition problem, its cause, and evidence supporting the diagnosis. It follows the format of Problem (nutrition diagnosis) related to Etiology (contributing factors) as evidenced by Signs and Symptoms (findings from assessment). PES statements are used by dietitians in various clinical settings to document a patient's nutrition status and plan interventions. Examples provided demonstrate how common nutrition diagnoses like COPD, diabetes, and malnutrition are written as PES statements.

Uploaded by

doniazad13112
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views

PES Statements

The PES statement describes a nutrition problem, its cause, and evidence supporting the diagnosis. It follows the format of Problem (nutrition diagnosis) related to Etiology (contributing factors) as evidenced by Signs and Symptoms (findings from assessment). PES statements are used by dietitians in various clinical settings to document a patient's nutrition status and plan interventions. Examples provided demonstrate how common nutrition diagnoses like COPD, diabetes, and malnutrition are written as PES statements.

Uploaded by

doniazad13112
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

PES statements terminology and components

 The PES statement describes the nutrition problem, its root cause, and evidence for
the diagnosis. PES statement is one part of the formal charting process that
dietitians can use in a hospital setting, in a long-term care facility, or in their private
practice.
 The format of the PES statement is — Problem (the nutrition diagnosis) related to
Etiology (factors contributing to the nutrition diagnosis) as evidenced by Signs and
Symptoms (findings from the nutrition assessment that determine the nutrition
diagnosis).
The problem
The problem, or nutrition diagnosis, is based on the most urgent issue, with verbiage taken
directly from the nutrition diagnostic terminology sheet
The etiology
The etiology is the cause or contributing risk factors of the nutrition diagnosis.
It connects to the nutrition diagnosis by the words related to.
It tells you what type of intervention you need to either treat the nutrition
diagnosis or lessen the signs and symptoms.
The signs and symptoms
The signs and symptoms are the evidence that supports your nutrition
diagnosis. It connects the etiology by the words as evidenced by.
Commonly used signs and symptoms may include lab values, intake history,
nutrition knowledge, anthropometric data, or findings from the nutrition-
focused physical exam.
You should be able to monitor the signs and symptoms and document if they
are resolved or improved.
PES statement examples
Here are a few PES statement examples using the frequently used nutrition
diagnoses.

PES statement for COPD

P: Inadequate energy intake related to…


E: decreased appetite secondary to chronic COPD as evidenced by…
S: consuming less than 75% of estimated energy needs for one month and
unintentional weight loss of 6% in one month.
PES statement for unintentional weight loss

P: Inadequate oral intake related to…


E: swallowing difficulty and pain associated with swallowing secondary to
esophageal adenocarcinoma as evidenced by…
S: refusal of meals and supplements while admitted and unintentional weight
loss of 3% in one week.
PES statement for dysphagia

P: Swallowing difficulty related to…


E: cerebrovascular accident as evidenced by…
S: repetitive swallowing, throat clearing, and hoarse voice associated with
eating per observation and nurse interview.
PES statement for diabetes

P: Altered nutrition-related laboratory values related to…


E: uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus as evidenced by…
S: HgbA1c of 10.2% and refusal of oral medications per spouse.
PES statement for malabsorption

P: Altered GI function related to…


E: decreased functional intestine length as evidenced by…
S: recent small bowel resection, reports of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and
bloating associated with PO food intake for 10 days.
PES statement for malnutrition

P: Severe malnutrition in the context of chronic illness related to…


E: decreased appetite, early satiety, and taste changes secondary to current
chemotherapy treatments as evidenced by…
S: consuming < 75% of estimated energy needs for ≥ 1 month (~63% x 1
month), severe loss of subcutaneous fat (orbital, triceps, fat overlying the ribs),
and severe muscle mass loss (wasting of temporalis, deltoids, interosseous,
trapezius, and quadriceps).

PES statement for kidney disease

P: Food/nutrition-related knowledge deficit related to…


E: no prior renal nutrition-related education as evidenced by…
S: questions raised regarding protein serving size and unaware of need to limit
dietary potassium.
PES statement for inadequate protein intake

P: Inadequate protein intake related to…


E: decreased appetite and anabolic resistance secondary to aging as evidenced
by…
S: consuming an insufficient amount of protein per dietary recall and findings
of mild-moderate muscle mass loss (temporalis, deltoids, scapular bone region,
quadriceps muscles, and gastrocnemius) per NFPE.
PES statement for anemia

P: Altered nutrition-related laboratory values related to…


E: chronic alcohol misuse as evidenced by…
S: elevated methylmalonic acid level indicating a vitamin B12 deficiency
 Altered blood glucose values (P) related to insufficient insulin (E) as
evidenced by hyperglycemia despite excellent eating habits (S)
 Inconsistent carbohydrate intake (P) related to inconsistent timing of meals
(E) as evidenced by wide fluctuations in blood glucose levels (S)
 Inappropriate intake of food fats (P) related to inadequate knowledge (E) as
evidenced by high intake of foods containing saturated fats (S)

You might also like