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GCSE
CHEMISTRY
Higher Tier Paper 1
H
Thursday 17 May 2018 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
For Examiner’s Use
• a ruler
• a scientific calculator Question Mark
• the periodic table (enclosed). 1
2
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 3
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
5
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked. 6
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. 7
8

Information 9
• There are 100 marks available on this paper. TOTAL
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation
in your answers.

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0 1 Soluble salts are formed by reacting metal oxides with acids. box

0 1 . 1 Give one other type of substance that can react with an acid to form a soluble salt.

W
- [1 mark]

metal

0 1 . 2 Calcium nitrate contains the ions Ca2+ and NO3–

Give the formula of calcium nitrate.

-
[1 mark]
~
(a(NO3) =

0 1 . 3 Describe a method to make pure, dry crystals of magnesium sulfate from a metal
oxide and a dilute acid. ⑤
/
[6 marks]

Mix the Magnesium sulfate with the

①
metal Doxide until they are well mixed
①
,

then boil them D untill all the liquid

is &
exepartes and there
try crystals
left .

pat try with filter paper

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0 2 This question is about metals and metal compounds. box

0 2 . 1 Iron pyrites is an ionic compound.

Figure 1 shows a structure for iron pyrites.

Figure 1

Determine the formula of iron pyrites.

Use Figure 1.
/
[1 mark]

* feb2
56
0 2 . 2 An atom of iron is represented as 26Fe

Give the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in this atom of iron.

~
- [3 marks]

Number of protons 26
30 w
Number of neutrons

Number of electrons 26 W

0 2 . 3 Iron is a transition metal.

Sodium is a Group 1 metal.

Give two differences between the properties of iron and sodium.

/
[2 marks]

1 Sodium has only 1 electron it

its auter shell
2 Iron is not stable .

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Nickel is extracted from nickel oxide by reduction with carbon. box

0 2 . 4 Explain why carbon can be used to extract nickel from nickel oxide.
C [2 marks]

because carbon is Mard reactive

therefore it will
displace
the nickle .

0 2 . 5 An equation for the reaction is:

NiO + C  Ni + CO

Calculate the percentage atom economy for the reaction to produce nickel.

Relative atomic masses (Ar): C = 12 Ni = 59

Relative formula mass (Mr): NiO = 75

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

⑧
[3 marks]

87 W

.
~

878 .
8%
~

Percentage atom economy = %

11

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0 3 Chemical reactions can produce electricity. box

0 3 . 1 Figure 2 shows a simple cell.

Figure 2

Which of these combinations would not give a zero reading on the voltmeter in

0
Figure 2?
[1 mark]

Tick one box.

Electrode A Electrode B Electrolyte

Copper Copper Sodium chloride

solution

Zinc Zinc Water

Copper Zinc Sodium chloride

solution
w
Copper Zinc Water

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Alkaline batteries are non-rechargeable. box

0 3 . 2 Why do alkaline batteries eventually stop working?

[1 mark]
the lithian staps x
reacting .

reactant is user up

0 3 . 3 Why can alkaline batteries not be recharged?

[1 mark]

the reaction is
not reversole

Question 3 continues on the next page

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Hydrogen fuel cells and rechargeable lithium-ion batteries can be used to power box
electric cars.

0 3 . 4 Complete the balanced equation for the overall reaction in a hydrogen fuel cell.
[2 marks]

2 H2 + 02  2 H2O

0 3 . 5 Table 1 shows data about different ways to power electric cars.

Table 1

Rechargeable
Hydrogen fuel cell
lithium-ion battery

Time taken to refuel or

5 30
recharge in minutes

Distance travelled before

Up to 415 Up to 240
refuelling or recharging in miles

Distance travelled per unit of

22 66
energy in km

Cost of refuelling or recharging

50 3
in £

Minimum cost of car in £ 60 000 18 000

Evaluate the use of hydrogen fuel cells compared with rechargeable lithium-ion
batteries to power electric cars.

Use Table 1 and your own knowledge.

-
[6 marks]

time far refuelling a fuel cell is fastere

than
recharging , hydrogen can
be
renewable if mate by electrolysis
L
renewable energy feul cell
using .
a
has
a
greater range Lithium-ion
. battries

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↑
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box

have a finite ,
lithium-ion uses

energy mare efficiently hydrogen , is

~
often mate from fassil feels
it is -
so not renewable .

Turn over for the next question 11

Turn over ►

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0 4 Figure 3 represents different models of the atom. box

Figure 3

0 4 . 1 Which diagram shows the plum pudding model of the atom?

Tick one box. - [1 mark]

A B WC D E

0 4 . 2 Which diagram shows the model of the atom developed from the alpha particle
scattering experiment?

Tick one box.

⑳[1 mark]

A B C W D E

0 4 . 3 Which diagram shows the model of the atom resulting from Bohr’s work?
O
[1 mark]
Tick one box.

A W B C D E

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0 4 . 4 Define the mass number of an atom. box

-
[1 mark]

Mass number is the number of

nutrans and pratans .
e

0 4 . 5 Element X has two isotopes. Their mass numbers are 69 and 71

The percentage abundance of each isotope is:

• 60% of 69X
• 40% of 71X

Estimate the relative atomic mass of element X.

-
[1 mark]
Tick one box.

< 69.5

Between 69.5 and 70.0 ~

Between 70.0 and 70.5

> 70.5

⑳
0 4 . 6 Chadwick’s experimental work on the atom led to a better understanding of isotopes.

Explain how his work led to this understanding.

I ~
[3 marks]

Chadwick provided the evidence to

show the existene of noutrons isotopes

~
naw the same Mumber of protons .

diffrent number of nortrans

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0 5 A student investigated the temperature change in displacement reactions between box
metals and copper sulfate solution.

Table 2 shows the student’s results.

Table 2

Temperature
Metal
increase in °C
Copper 0

Iron 13

Magnesium 43

Zinc 17

0 5 . 1 Plot the data from Table 2 on Figure 4 as a bar chart.

- [2 marks]

Figure 4

↳5

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

O Zinc
copper Iron magnesium

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0 5 . 2 The student concluded that the reactions between the metals and copper sulfate box
solution are endothermic.

Give one reason why this conclusion is not correct.

-
[1 mark]

because the temperature increases .

0 5 . 3 The temperature change depends on the reactivity of the metal.

The student’s results are used to place copper, iron, magnesium and zinc in order of
their reactivity.

Describe a method to find the position of an unknown metal in this reactivity series.

Your method should give valid results.

I
[4 marks]

ind Student has to react

th & metal and Se

tr & temperature it releases

and
depanting on the

bar
graph make an

edactional guess .

Question 5 continues on the next page

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0 5 . 4 Draw a fully labelled reaction profile for the reaction between zinc and box

d
copper sulfate solution on Figure 5.
[3 marks]

Figure 5

e
10

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0 6 A student investigated the electrolysis of different substances. box

Figure 6 shows the apparatus.

Figure 6

0 6 . 1 Explain why electrolysis would not take place in the apparatus shown in Figure 6.

Because the zinc

[2 marks]

chlarise
,
is solid So electrans
/
ord nat frod
Lions
+

mar &

0 6 . 2 Explain why graphite conducts electricity.

Answer in terms of the structure and bonding in graphite.

/
[3 marks]

Because graphite is a

metal So it has
⑪
free moving electrans

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The student investigated how the volume of gases produced changes with time in the box
electrolysis of sodium chloride solution.

Figure 7 shows the apparatus.

Figure 7

0 6 . 3 The student made an error in selecting the apparatus for this investigation.

How should the apparatus be changed?

Give one reason for your answer.

he neets to caver the

C
[2 marks]

so dosent
HOP gas
&scap

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Another student used the correct apparatus. box

This student measured the volumes of gases collected every minute for
20 minutes.

Figure 8 shows the student’s results.

Figure 8

0 6 . 4 Describe the trends shown in the results.

⑧
Use values from Figure 8.
[3 marks]

As time increases ther

volume of both
gasses increases
hawever hy drager has a
linear reaction whereas
charine increases slawly
then rapapitly .

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0 6 . 5 The number of moles of each gas produced at the electrodes is the same. box

No gas escapes from the apparatus.

Suggest one reason for the difference in volume of each gas collected.

⑧ [1 mark]

they might have diffrent

rates of reaction .

0 6 . 6 Calculate the amount in moles of chlorine collected after 20 minutes.

Use Figure 8.

The volume of one mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure is 24.0 dm3

Give your answer in standard form.

6 6.
⑧ [3 marks]

-
-
1000
w

x
Moles of chlorine = mol

14
Turn over for the next question

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0 7 This question is about Group 7 elements. box

Chlorine is more reactive than iodine.

0 7 . 1 Name the products formed when chlorine solution reacts with

potassium iodide solution.
⑧ [1 mark]

potassium chafrifu
&

⑰
0 7 . 2 Explain why chlorine is more reactive than iodine.
/
[3 marks]

chlarines ater e

electron Shell closer

+

0 In & Nucleus so ~

Chloring gains electrons

& user
charine nucleus
↳as high traction
0 7 . 3 Chlorine reacts with hydrogen to form hydrogen chloride.

Explain why hydrogen chloride is a gas at room temperature.

Answer in terms of structure and bonding.

chlavite
②
[3 marks]

hydrogen is
small
mase Of -
M01cI es it has
so 9
~
weak intermolular farces .

reaurie 1 : tH &

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0 7 . 4 Bromine reacts with methane in sunlight. box

Figure 9 shows the displayed formulae for the reaction of bromine with methane.

Figure 9

Table 3 shows the bond energies and the overall energy change in the reaction.

Table 3

Overall energy
C___H Br___Br C___Br H___Br
change
Energy in
412 193 X 366 – 51
kJ/mol

Calculate the bond energy X for the C___Br bond.

Use Figure 9 and Table 3.

-
[4 marks]
4
(412) .
+193 =

184) -

u
3(412) +
366 +
x
=

1602
-

51 =

1841 -(1602 +

x) -

x =

290 ~

Bond energy X = kJ/mol

11

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0 8 Titanium is a transition metal. box

Titanium is extracted from titanium dioxide in a two stage industrial process.

Stage 1 TiO2 + 2 C + 2 Cl2  TiCl4 + 2 CO

Stage 2 TiCl4 + 4 Na  Ti + 4 NaCl

⑧
0 8 . 1 Suggest one hazard associated with Stage 1.
[1 mark]

chlarine is taxicr

0 8 . 2 Water must be kept away from the reaction in Stage 2.

Give one reason why it would be hazardous if water came into contact with sodium.
C
[1 mark]

Atherin
Vect . ar
-

0 8 . 3 Suggest why the reaction in Stage 2 is carried out in an atmosphere of argon and
not in air.

argar is unreative [2 marks]

fram air world-

agen
react

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0 8 . 4 Titanium chloride is a liquid at room temperature. box

Explain why you would not expect titanium chloride to be a liquid at

room temperature.
⑳
[3 marks]

metal charites are

usually v
ianic so are solif Af

room temperature .

They v
have a
strong 4) ectrostanti

farces between
the jans

In Stage 2, sodium displaces titanium from titanium chloride.

0 8 . 5 Sodium atoms are oxidised to sodium ions in this reaction.

Why is this an oxidation reaction?

-
[1 mark]

sofium 10se electrons v

I
0 8 . 6 Complete the half equation for the oxidation reaction.
[1 mark]

Na  Nat + -

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0 8 . 7 In Stage 2, 40 kg of titanium chloride was added to 20 kg of sodium. box

The equation for the reaction is:

TiCl4 + 4 Na  Ti + 4 NaCl

Relative atomic masses (Ar): Na = 23 Cl = 35.5 Ti = 48

Explain why titanium chloride is the limiting reactant.

⑥
You must show your working.
[4 marks]
190
W

⑳0 =

870 W
2e

40000 ~
=21
-8

0 8 . 8 For a Stage 2 reaction the percentage yield was 92.3%

The theoretical maximum mass of titanium produced in this batch was 13.5 kg.

Calculate the actual mass of titanium produced.

-
[2 marks]
92 3
- .

x 13 .

5
100
~
12 S
-
~
.

Mass of titanium = kg

15

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0 9 This question is about acids and alkalis. box

0 9 . 1 Dilute hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.

Explain why an acid can be described as both strong and dilute.

[2 marks]

completely ianises
small amount Of
ceit per whit valume .

0 9 . 2 A 1.0 × 10–3 mol/dm3 solution of hydrochloric acid has a pH of 3.0

What is the pH of a 1.0 × 10–5 mol/dm3 solution of hydrochloric acid?

-
[1 mark]

pH = 5 e

Question 9 continues on the next page

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box
A student titrated 25.0 cm3 portions of dilute sulfuric acid with a
0.105 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide solution.

0 9 . 3 Table 4 shows the student’s results.

Table 4

Titration Titration Titration Titration Titration

1 2 3 4 5
Volume of sodium
23.50 21.10 22.10 22.15 22.15
hydroxide solution in cm3

The equation for the reaction is:

2 NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2 H2O

Calculate the concentration of the sulfuric acid in mol/dm3

Use only the student’s concordant results.

Concordant results are those within 0.10 cm3 of each other. C

[5 marks]

- x 0 .
103 =

0 . 0023242

a
- 002324 0 001162
2x0
=
.

-
10 x 100

-0 . 0465 ~

Concentration of sulfuric acid = mol/dm3

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0 9 . 4 Explain why the student should use a pipette to measure the dilute sulfuric acid and a box
burette to measure the sodium hydroxide solution.

/
[2 marks]

Dipette i dasures 4 ①
fix & & ratur

burette Measures
variable valem

0 9 . 5 Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide in 30.0 cm3 of a 0.105 mol/dm3 solution.

Relative formula mass (Mr): NaOH = 40

3 O
Too x 0 . 105 x 4G
G [2 marks]

2 v
=2 .

W
30 X 0 .
105 x
40

= 1 .
126

Mass of sodium hydroxide = g

12

END OF QUESTIONS

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