Canal & Related Structures

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Design Standards No. 3
CANALS AND IlELA'fED STRUCTURES
CHAPTER 1 CANALS AND LATEIULS
2 GENERAL DESIGN INFORMATION FOR STRUCTURES

3 DIVERSION DAMS
<I DIVERSION HEADWORKS

5 CANAL STRUCTURES
6 WATER MEA~UREME:NT STRUCTURES
7 CROSS DRAINA<;E AND PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES
8 PIPE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
9 BRIDGES
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUHEAU OF R£CLAMATION
OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER

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PB95-102257 1967 Final
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Jesign Standards No. 3 Canals and Related Structures PR
Chapters 1 thru 9
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These design standards have been completely revised and updated to present current
Bureau practice in the design of canals and related structures.
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UNITED STATES
EURE1HJ CF HECLAMATION
Offic p of ('hid Fnqineer'
=>:nver, Colorado '80225
TRANSMITTAL OF DESIGN STANDARDS Release No, DS- 3- 5
Number and Title:
Design Standards No.3 - CANALS AND RELATED STRUCT1JRES
Insert Sheets: Remove Sheets:
Design Standards No. 3 (182 sheets) Design Standards No. 3
Other revisions:
Summary of changes:
This Design Standards has been cumpletely revised and updated to present current Bureau
practice in thec design of canals and related structures. Among the more significant changes or
additions al'e the following:
1. A statement of the Bureau's new waterway policy, which places emphasis on lining
waterways or placing them in pipes.
2. A description of several types of automatic control features, and a discussion of
the importance of considering automation of a canal system in the planning and design stage.
3. An increase in the maximum concrete compressive stress from 3, 000 to 3, 750
pounds per square inch.
NOTE' This is a complete replacement for Design Standards No.3.
Approved:
~i~(£~---- December 8, 1967

Date
(To be filled in by employee who files this release in appropriate folder.
The above change ras been made in the Design Standards.
Signature Date
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
DESIGN STANDARDS NO.3
CANALS AND RELATED STRUCTURES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Canals and Laterals

2 General Design Information for Structures
3 Diversion Dams
4 Diversion Headworks
5 Canal Structures
6 Water Measurement Structures
7 Cross Drainage and Protective Structures
8 Pipe Distribution Systems
9 Bridges
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
III
Canals and Related Structures Ch3p. 1 Canals and Later::tls
T f.BLE OF CONTENTS
GENEPl\L REQUIREMENTS
Paragraph
1. 1 Introduction
1. 2 Water Demand
1. 2A Acreaae to be Irriq;lteCl
1. 2B Duty of W:tter -
1.2C Seepage Losses
1. 2D Evaporation
1. 3 Flow Capacity
CANAL LINmG POLICY

1. 4 Policy
1. 5 Justification
UNLINED CANALS OR LATERALS

1. 6 Definition
1. 7 Cross Section
1. 8 Location
1. 9 Curvature and Velocity
1. 10 Freeboard
1. 11 Bank Top Width ane' Berm
1. 12 Flow Formulas
1. 13 Hydraulic Bore
LINED CANALS OR LATERALS

1. 14 Definition
1. 15 Cross Section
1. 15A Hard - surface Linings
1. 15B Buried-membrane Linings
1. 15C Earth Linings
1. 16 Location
1. 17 Curvature and Velocity
1. 18 Freeboard
1. 19 Bank Top Width and Berm
1. 20 Flow Formulas
1.20A Marning's Roughness Coefficient
1. 20B Effects of Roughness and Hydraulic Radius
1. 20C Effect of Channel Sinuosity
1. 21 Hydraulic Bore
1. 22 Winter Operation
OTHER WATERWAYS
1. 23 Power Canals
1. 23A Hydraulic Bore
1. 24 Drainage Systems
1. 25 Wasteway Channels
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
v
Chap. 1 Canals and Laterals Canals and Related Structures
TABLE OF CONTENTS--Continued
LIST OF FIGURES
..
Figure Paragraph Drawing
Number Title Reference Number
1 Typical Unlined Section for Canals
and Laterals 1.6 103-D-828 ,
2 Earth Canals--Relation of Depth to
Allowable Velocity 1.7 103-D-308
3A Typical Irrigation Canal Earth
Sections (Inside slopes of 1-1/2:1) 1.7
3B Typical Irrigation Canal Earth
Sections (Inside slopes of 2: 1) 1.7
4 Bank Height for Canals and Free-
board for Hard Surface, Buried
Membrane, and Earth Linings 1.10 103-D-341
5 Properties for Concrete-lined
Canals--Standard Sections
A-I and A-2 1.15A 103-D-1042
6 Properties for Concrete-lined
Canals--Standard Sections B-2,
B-3, B-4, B-5, and B-6 1. 15A 103-D-630
CJ
( Thickness of Hard Surface Lining
for Use in Canals 1. 15A 103-D-706
8 Flap Valve Weeps 1. 15A 103-D-1044
9 Safety Ladder Rungs for Concrete-
lined Canals 1. 15A 4O-rp-5927
10 Safety Ladder for Concrete-lined
Canals 1. 15A 4o-Ib-6112
11 Details of Buried Membrane Linings 1. 15B 103-D-632
12 Typical Earth-lined Sections 1. 15C 103-D-1043
13 Concrete-lined Canals--Manning1s
"n" Values from Prototype Tests 1. 20B 103-D-1045
14 Concrete or Clay Drain Tile--
Discharge Curves 1. 24 X-D-3548
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
vi
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 1 Canals and Laterals
1.1
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
.1 The following paragraphs deal briefly with total water demand and flow INTRODUCTION
capacity requirements, the two general requirements which must be ful-
filled by any type of canal and lateral system. Except where otherwise
noted, the material included herein relates to canals and laterals to be
used for irrigation. In the structural designs selected for illustration,
there may be instances in which current design practices differ in some
respects from those illustrated.
.2 The total water demand requirement to fulfill the proj ect purpose must WATER
be provided by the irrigation canal system. It is primarily based upon DEMAND
four factors: acreage to be irrigated, estimated duty of water, estimated
seepage losses plus an allowance for operational waste, and evaporation
loss.
A. The net acreage to be irrigated is based on detailed land classification Acreage
aild preliminary canal location surveys. The exact acreage cannot be to be
computed until final canal locations are made. Irrigated
B. The duty of water, or the quantity of water required per acre, to be Duty
used for preliminary studies of a canal system, may best be estimated of
from records of the use of water under similar conditions on similar Water
areas and crops. A detailed study of the soil and subsoil character-
istics, irrigable land, drainage conditions, methods of water applica-
tion, nature of crops, rainfall and evaporation, and other pertinent
factors may be required. (See also Part 2 of Volume V, Irrigated
Land Use, of the Reclamation Manual, regarding land classification.)
C. Seepage loss is usually expressed in cubic feet per square foot of Seepage
wetted area in 24 hours. It is generally estimated from the loss in Losses
water depth in a reach of canal having uniform slope and cross section.
For preliminary estimates it may be assumed that, in typical unlined
earth canals under usual conditions, about one-third of the total water
di verted will be lost by seepage, operational waste, and evaporation.
Reported seepage losses frequently include a certain amount of struc-
ture leakage, operational waste, and overdelivery to the irrigators.
Seepage may at times constitute a gain to the canal rather than a loss,
if the ground water is sufficiently high and other natural factors are
advantageous. (Seepage of irrigation water from higher lands is some-
times a contributing factor to high ground water along a canal.) Thus,
an accurate prediction of seepage loss is extremely difficult to make
and the results are at best uncertain. The prediction of seepage must
therefore be based on judgment within the limits of existing data and
natural factors. The Moritz formula suggests computations of total
seepage loss in cubic feet per second (cis) per mile of canal as follows:
S=O.2C~
V
where
S = loss in cis per mile of canal,
Q = discharge of canal in cis,
V = mean velocity of flow in fps, and
C = cubic feet of water lost in 24 hours
through each square foot of wetted
area of canal prism.
Observations on eight different projects gave the following average
figures for the value of C in earth canals. These factors are suitable
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
1.2D
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS--Continued
Seepage for rough preliminary estimates, but measurements have shown that actual
Losses seepage losses vary widely within each of the general soil types~ For
(Cont'd. ) design purposes, therefore, it is usually necessary to make estimates of
seepage losses in questionable areas on the basis of field tests.
Type of matericLl Value of C

Cemented gravel and hardpan with 0.34
sandy loam
Clay and clayey loam 0.41
Sandy loam 0.66
Volcanic ash 0.68
Volcanic ash with sand 0.98
Sand and VOlcanic ash or clay 1. 20
Sandy soil with rock 1. 68
Sandy and gravelly' soil 2.20
Seepage losses from properly constructed concrete-lined c&'1als should
normally be relatively small. However, subsequent partial failure or
poor construction or maintenance of the concrete lining may result in
large losses. Other types of lining are susceptible to varying amounts
of seepage loss, depending on the type, quality of construction, and
related natural factors. The possibility of appreciable losses from lined
canals should be kept in mind when preparing initial estimates of w8ter
requirements. Technical Bulletin No. 1203 entitled "Measuring Seepage
From Irrigation Channels, " issueu in September 1959 by the Agriculture
Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, will prove helpful in
estimating seepage losses. .
Evaporation D. Evaporation from canals and laterals is usuaJly such a small quantity
compared with seepage that it may be neglected. However, where there
are reservoirs along a canal, evaporation should be considered .
FLOW .3 Flow-capacity requirements of various parts of a system are determined and

CAPACITY used as a basis of conveyance design. These flow capacities must satisfy the
water demand at the various points in the system. The maximum demand may
generally be estimated at 125 to 150 percent of the average demand. Systems
operating for a 12-month season may require a capacity large enough to carry,
in the maximum month, from 10 to 15 percent of the total annual demand.
Those operating for a 7 -month season may require a capacity large enough to
carry, in the maximum month, from 20 to 25 percent or more of the total
annual demand. However, capacities should be made adequate to serve the
maximum lO-day demand. The actual maximum demand should be determined
by detailed analyses of indivic.ual projects.
CANAL LINJNG POLICY
POLICY .4 It is the policy of the Bureau of Reclamation, in order to conserve water and
to secure other benefits, to consider fully the lining or placing in pipe of all
constructed waterways for the conveyance and distribution of proj ect water
supplies. In those instances where the recommendations do not call for lining
or pipe, full justification for ClSing an unlined waterway will be required. On
unauthorized projects for which field studies are ;'lot complete, this policy
shall be adopted at once. On presently authorized but unconstructed projects,
and for those proj ects on which field investigations are completed, this policy
shall be adopted in advance planning studies.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
Canals and Related Structurec' ChC'p. 1 C~mJs and Laterals
1.5
CANAL LINING POLICY --Continued
•b Justification for using unlined waterways is sometimes very complicated JUSTIFICATION

because of the larue number of factors to be considered. Consideration
must be given to seepage rates with and without lining, the value of water
saved, operation and maintenance costs, drainage costs or value of land
taken out of cultivation by seepage, canal size, reservoir size, right-of-way,
allowable velocities, structure costs, and the various types of lining or pipe
correlated with the other conditions. ConsiderC'.tions should also include in-
tangible factors inherent in a given project to be benefited and values assigned
these factors whenever possible. The Bureau's publication "Economic Justi-
fication for Canal Lining in Irrigation Distribution Systems" presents proce-
dures and cruidelines which can be used in making economic studies.
UNLINED CANALS OR LATERALS

.6 An unlined canal or lateral is defined as an open channel excavated and shaped DEFINITION
to the required cross section in natural earth or fill without special treatment
of the wetted surface. Compaction of bank or fill material for the purpose of
stabilization is not considered as a lining operation. See Figure 1.
.7 The cross section selected for a canal or lateral should be such as to carry CROSS
the maximum capacity discussed in Paragraph 1. 3 and should satisfy the SECTION
proper relationships between bottom Width, water depth, side slopes, free-
board, bank dimensions, and future operation and maintenance. The ratio
of bottom width to depth usually ranges from 2: 1 for small channels to 8: 1
for canals with capacities of about 10,000 cfs. The side slopes of a canal
depend upon the stability of the material in which it is constructed. Inside
slopes of 1. 5: 1. or 2: 1 (horizontal to vertical) are practically standard for
earth canals under ordinary conditions; on sidehill locations the inside slope
of the uphill bank may be made steeper, if the material will stand, to avoid
. excessive excavation.
Operation and maintenance problems should be considered in the selection of
canal cross-section characteristics, such that an overall economy of initial
cost and maintenance expense may be obtained. Figure 2 is a curve showing
suggested nonsilt, nonscour velocities for clear water running in canals.
These velocities ordinarily require modification in Bureau designs due to the
variability of soils and sediment in the water. (See Paragraph 1. 12.) Fig-
ures 3A and 3B include tables of typical earth sections for irrigation canals
with 1-1/2:1 and 2:1 inside slopes, respectively .
. 8 A canal should divert from a supply source at sufficient elevation (static or LOCATION
pclInped) to ,each, with proper rJradients :lnd by the most economic route, the
land to be irrigated. The water section may, at various points along the
canal, be partially or entirely in either cut or fill, depending on the location
selected to satisfy requirements of safety, structural design, distribution,
and least aLnual cost i:1cluding maintenance. If the water section is partially
or entirely in fill, con:=ider:ltion should be given to the use of compacted em-
bankments or other suitable means of preventing excess seepage and percola-
tion through the fill. .At turnouts the canal water surface must be high enough
to permit irrigation of the land .
.9 The allowable curvature for unlined canals depends on the size or capacity, CURVATURE
velocity, soil, and canal section. A small lateral, 20 cfs or less in cap"tc- AND
ity, flowing at low v21ocity, 2 feet per second or less, will require only a VELOCITY
very small radius of curvature. A large canal, 2, 500 cfs or more in capac-
ity, will require a much larger radius regardless of the velocity.
Velocities in unlined canals ordinarily vary from 1. 0 to 3.5 feet per second.
While not an extreme mathematical variable, velocity does have appreciable
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
3
1.10
UNLINED CANALS OR LATERALS--Continued
CURVATURE influence on the radius of curvature required. Water flowing at a velocity of
AND 3. 5 feet per second will cause more erosion and develop larger waves than
VELOCITY water flowing at 1. 0 feet per second around the same radius curves.
(Cont'd. )
The character of the soil has a decided influence on the radius of curvature
required. Soil may range from firm to shifting, and its stability may be
quite sensitive to the curvilinear flow of the water.
In order to develop a satisfactory rule for determining the radius of curvature
:required, it is necessary to establish some ratio or ratios of radius of curva-
ture to dimensional elements of a canal section. Since the factors already
discussed vary simultaneously with dimensional elements, it is possible to
establish such ratios orily within general limits. A suggested rule is that the
radius to the canal centerline should be from three to seven times the water
surface width (the larger ratios for the larger capacities), depending upon the
size or capacity of the canal, the soil characteristics, and the velocity. Con-
sidera tion of all factors is required for an acceptable solution.
FREE- . 10 Freeboard in a canal will normally be governed by considerations of the canal

BOARD size and location, velocity, storm-water inflow, water-surface fluctuations
caused by checks, wind action, soil characteristics, percolation gradients,
operating-road requirements, and availability of excavated material. The
typical earth sections listed in Figures 3A and 3B include the recommended
minimum freeboard, and the height of bank above the water surface as shown
in Figure 4 may also be used as a guide. These illustrations are based upon
average Bureau practice, and it is emphasized that they will not necessarily
ser'Je for all conditions. Greater bank heights than those needed for hydraulic
reasons may be used where excess excavation exists, provided that undesir-
able conditions with respect to right-of-way, maintenance, structures, and
design elements are !lot thereby introduced; in the latter event the excess
material should be disposed of in some other manner. The use of excessively
high banks, particularly on sidehills, increases the hazard of bank sloughing.
BANK .11 Banks used as operation and maintenance roads may range from 12 feet wide
TOP wIDTH for canals with a capacity of 100 cis to 20 feet and wider for canals with a
AND capacity of ?, :';00 cis or more. Access to waterways should always be pro-
BERM vided and is usually accomplished by an operating road on the bank. Where
the operating road is not on the bank, the width of bank may be as small as
3 feet for the small laterals. If borrow material is required to build canal
or lateral b:ln.!<:s, such borrow should be kept to a minimum and the borrow
pits should [,2 drained. Operation and maintenance roads should be located
at a minimum height above the water surface, to facilitate maintenance of the
canal.
Berms reduce bank loads which may cause sloughing of earth into the canal
section. Steeper slopes may be used above the berm, provided the material
is stable.
Canal and lateral banks should be finished so that, even where there are no
l'egular operating roads, the lines of the bank are regular enough to permit
the use of power mowers and other power equipment to control the growth of
weens and rrnimain the canal sections.
Waste banks and cuts should be made to blend with the surrounding terrain
where possii)}c. Every effort should be made to obtain an appearance which
does not disrupt t:lO:: natural terrain and beauty.
FLOW .12 The Manniw1 formula is generally used for open-channel flow. The formula
FORMULAS is as fallow:c::
DS-3-5 12/8/67
4
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 1 Canals and laterals
1. 12
v = 1. 486 r 2/3 SI/2 FLOW

n FORMULAS
(Cont'd. )
where
v= velocity of water in feet per second,
s = slope of energy gradient in feet per foot,
r = hydraulic radius (water area divided by
wetted perimeter), and
n = coefficient of roughness.
A roughness coefficient "n" of 0.025 is generally used for earth canals with
capacities less than 100 cfs and 0.020 or 0.0225 for larger canals. Recom-
mended coefficients of roughness are given in the Bureau's Hydraulic and
Excavation Tables.
For uniform channel sections covered with sand and gravel, the Manning's
"n" may be determined by the Strickler equation,
n = 0.0342 d 50 1/8
where d50 equals the size in feet for which 50 percent of bed material by
weight is finer.
In unlined canals, the velocity should be such as to prevent cutting of the
canal prism or deposition of silt. The maximum velocity allowable to prevent
cutting or the minimum allowable to prevent silt deposition will depend upon
soil characteristics, sediment in water, and natural factors, but general
limits can be set down from experience. The Kennedy formula for sediment-
laden water flOWing in a bed of similar material is,
V '" CD 0.8.
s
where
vs = velocity for nonsilt and nonscour,
D = depth of water in feet, and
C = coefficient for various soil conditions.
Values for the coefficient C are as follows:
For fine, light, sandy soil 0.84
For coarser, light, sandy soil 0.92
For sandy, loamy silt 1. 01
For coarse silt or hard soil debris 1. 09
A suggested modification of the Kennedy formula for clear water is,
V S = CD o. 5
Figure 2 shows the relationship of Va to D for various water depths.

Sand and gravel may be required for protection of the banks against wave
action. For clear water flows over these sand and gravel protective layers
and other noncohesive granular beds, the nonscour velocity is,
V - 9d 1/3 R 1/ 8
S - 150
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
5
1, 13

FLOW After a channel is in operation for an extended period, heavy concentrations
FORMULAS of fine sediments in the flow may cause cementing (cohesion) of some fine
(Cont'd.) sands in the bed. This often results in an increase in the nonscour velocities
of up to 50 percent.
Bureau canal designs are based on the capacity required to supply the maxi-
mum lO-day demand period. This results in canals and laterals being oper-
ated for most of the year at below design capacity and usually with checks to
make deliveries. Because of this, any sediment above colloidal size in the
supply water will have to be excluded from the headworks or removed some-
where from the system. Thus canals and laterals are usually designed to
avoid scour at maximum discharge, and some provision is made to remove
or exclude the sediment at the headworks or remove it from certain reaches
of the canal. In transport canals to power plants or offstream reservoirs,
adequate sediment-carrying ability should be provided.
HYDRAULIC .13 Hydraulic bore, which is discussed briefly under Subparagraph 1. 23P., may
BORE occur in unlined canals. It may be caused by the shutdown of a pumping plant,
rapid closure of a check or gate, or as a result of sudden inflow causing a
wave in the canal.
LINED CP.NALS OR LATERALS

DEFINITION .14 Lined canals or laterals may be divided into three groups: hard surface,
buried membrane, and earth linings. Hard-surface linings include portland
cement concrete linings, shotcrete linings, asphalt concrete linings, exposed
prefabricated asphalt lir:ings, brick linings, stone linings, exposed plastic
linings, soil-cement linings, and precast concrete lin~ngs. Buried-membrane
linings include sprayed-in-place asphalt, prefabricated asphalt, plastics, and
bentonite. Earth lininas include thick compacted earth, thin compacted earth,
loosely placed earth, and bentonite soil mixtures. For information on canal
linings see current edition of the Bureau publication" Linings for Irrigation
Canals. "
CROSS . 15 Cross Section.
SECTION
Hard - surface A. Since the cost of q hard-surface lining usually amounts to a large per-
Linings centage of the total cost of constructing a lined canal, the section with
the least perimeter is the most economical. P. semicircle has the small-
est perimeter for a given area, but a semicircular section is not practi-
cal because the top portions of the sides are too steep. From experience,
the steepest satisfactory side slopes for most large canals from both con-
struction and maintenance considerations are 1-1/2: 1. Steeper slopes
may be used on small laterals where the soil materials will remain stable.
Hard-surface-lined canals are usually designed with a ratio of base width
to water depth of from 1 to 2. Small canals normally have a ratio of
nearly 1, while the ratio for large canals may exceed 2. Figures 5 and 6
show standard dimensions and hydraulic properties fur small canals witt;
concrete lining. Figure 7 shows normal lining thickness.
The location of the canal bottom with respect to the ground-water table
is especially important. If the ground-water table is above the canal
bottom, outside hydrostatic pressure may rupture the lining when the
canal is emptied or the water surface drawn down. In cold climates the
canal bottom must be at least 3 feet above the water table to prevent dam-
age from freezing and thawing. In soils having high capillarity a greater
distance above water table is advisable. If hard-surface lii1ing is used
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
6
1.15B
UNED CANALS OR LATER.A.LS--Continued
with high ground water, :;1ravel or tile and gravel under drains with suit- Hard - surface
able outlets must be provided to reduce the probability of damaging the Linings
lining. :2'igure 8 shows a flap valve drain outlet for use with a hard- (Cont'd. )
surface lining. The lining must be placed against a stable foundation of
existing or compacted material. If expansive clay is present, the treat:...
ment consists of overexcavating and replacing with a minimum of 2 feet
of nonexpansive material or maintaining a near saturated foundation un-
til the lining is placed. The expansive characteristics of the material
will determine the load necessary to confine it. In reaches where ex-
pansive clay or high ground water exists, consideration should be given
to omittinrJ the lining or relocating the canal. Figures 9 and 10 show
typical safety ladders for concrete-lined canals.
B. Buried-membrane lining is normally installed only to reduce water loss Buried-
by seepage. A cover must be rrovided to protect the membrane from rnembrane
exposure to the elements .and from injury by turbulent water, stock, Linings
plant growth, and maintenance equipment. The depth of cover depends
on cover material, size of canal, water velocity, and canal side slopes.
Gravel is generally requ:'red at the beach belt in larger canals for pro-
tection against wave action. The canal bottom width should be about four
times the water depth or greater and the side slopes 2: 1 or flatter. Long-
radius curves are desirable at the intersection of the side slopes and the
bottom to improve stability and to more nearly approach the final shape
of the canal section after it has been in operation. When rounded uni-
formly graded gravels or sands have been used for cover material,
2: 1 side slopes have proved to be too steep. There is also danger that
the cover material may slough down the bank during placing. Such
sloughing may carry the membrane down the slope with it, causing it to
crack or tear. Flatter side slopes and placing the cover material on the
canal bottom and lower portions of the side slopes first, may prevent
damaging the membrane lining. At structures the membrane should be
carefully bonded to the cutoff and should be lowered a sufficient distance
away frorr~ the structure to provide space for extending riprap protection
where required. Laboratory tests of the available cover material are
desirable in determining the side slopes and mixtures of available mate-
rials to be used for best results. Crushed rock or angular cover mate-
rial should never be placed directly on the membrane because of the
danger of puncturing it. Earth, gravelly material, and gravel have been
used for cover over membrane linings. A small amount of lean clay will
add stability, especially to gravelly materials and gravel. See Figure 11
for details of buried-membrane lining.
C. Earth lir.ings normally have a 3- to 8-foot thickness on the canal sides, Earth
measured horizontally, and a 12- to 24-inch bottom thickness of com- Linings
pacted select material. However, any compacted section 12 inches thick
or more is considered to be thick compacted earth lining. Figure 12
shows typical earth,;,lined sections. Thin compacted earth linings usually
have a 6- to 12-inch layer of compacted cohesive soil with a protective
cover of 6 to 12 inches of coarse soil or gravel. Loosely placed earth
lining generally consists of a loose earth blanket of selected fine-grained
soils dumped into the canal and spread over the bottom and sides to a
thickness of about 12 inches. Bentonite soil mixtures usually consist of
a sandy soil and bentonite mixed together and compacted. The thickness
varies with local conditions. The bottom width to depth ratio and side
slopes should be about the same as for unlined sections discussed in
Paragraph 1. 7.
. 16 The location requirements for lined canals are about the same as for unlined LOCATION
canals discussed in Paragraph 1. 8, but a lined canal may economically fol-
Iowa more direct route.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
7
1. 17
LINED CANALS OR LATERALS--Continued
CURVA- .17 The allowable curvature for lined canals depends on the size and capacity,
TURE AND velocity, material used for lining, and the canal section. Hard-surface lin-
VElDCITY ings permit higher velocities than earth sections. Usually these velocities
should be less than 8 feet per second to avoid the possibility of converting
velocity head through a crack to pressure head under the lining and lifting the
lining. A mathematical check using an "n" value of 0.003 less than the
design "n" used for the lining is also required to make certain the depth of
flow does not approach critical depth closely enough to develop standing waves
at sections where the bottom might be raised above theoretical grade due to
construction tolerances.
Buried-membrane linings are usually covered with available material using
thickness and canal section changes as required for stability. Velocities
which are permissible in ordinary earth canals, where some erosion can be
tolerated, may be too high for a buried-membrane lining where shallow scour
may entirely remove the protective cover material from buried membrane.
It must be realized that for a given velocity clear water may scour, while
water carrying considerable sediment may build sandbars, with all other
canal conditions being the same. From experience, it appears that the maxi-
mum velocity for buried-membrane-lined canals of a given size and shape is
about two-thirds of that permissible for unlined earth canals in similar mate-
rials (see Paragraph 1. 9). The permissible velocities in earth-lined canals
vary with the type of lining and material, and usually range from 1 to 4 feet
per second.
All influencing factors must be considered in determining the minimum radius
of curvature. A suggested guide is that the minimum radius to canal center-
line should be from three to seven times the water surface width if erodible
linings are used. The smaller ratio is normally used for small canals while
the larger ratio is needed for large canals. A concrete-lined canal should
have a minimum radius of three times the water surface width.
FREE- . 18 Freeboard for lined canals will depend upon a number of factors, such as the
BOARD size of canal, velocity of water, curvature of alinement, storm water enter-
ing the canal, wind and '.'lave action, and anticipated method of operation.
The normal freeboard varies from 6 inches for small laterals to 2 feet or
more for large canals. Figure 4 represents average Bureau practice as a
guide for determining minimum freeboard and bank height for canals with
hard-surface, buried-membrane, and earth linings.
The height of canal bank above the top of th~ lining usually varies from 6 inches
for small laterals to over 2 feet for large canals. (See Figure 4.)
BANK TOP .19 A 2- to 6-fout berm is normally provided at the top of hard-surface linings
WIDTH AND for the construction convenience of trimming and lining machinery. Backfill
BERM should be placed on this berm from the top of the lining and sloping upward
to the earth bank, to prevent surface drainage from entering the subgrade
behind the canal lining. The top width of canal banks and berms for lined
canals should be about the same as for unlined canals discussed in Para-
graph 1. 11.
FLOW .20 The Manning formula, which is generally used for open-channel flow, is pre-
FORMULAS sented and discussed in Paragraph 1. 12.
Manning's A. Values of the Manning roughness coefficient "n" used in design for most
Roughness lined canals are as follows;
Coefficient
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
8
1. 20B
Portland cement concrete lining (r less than 4) 0.014 Manning's
(For canals with an r greater than 4, see Roughness
B below.) Coefficient
Shotcrete lining (smoothed with steel-edged (Cont'd. )
screed and rebound removed) 0.016
Shotcrete lining (average) 0.017
Asphaltic concrete lining (machine placed) 0.014
Exposed prefabricated asphalt lining ])0.015
Soil-cement yO. 015 or 0.016
For buried membrane and compacted earth linings a roughness coeffi-
cient "n" of 0.025 is used for canals and laterals with capacities less
than 100 cfs, and 0.020 or 0.0225, depending on the character of the
materials, for larger canals. Recommended coefficients of roughness
are given in the Bureau's Hydraulic and Excavation Tables.
For channels covered with coarse gravel or cobbles, the roughness co-
efficient "n" should not be less than that computed by the Strickler equa-
tion (see Paragraph 1. 12).
B. A roughness coefficient "n" of 0.014 provides a channel of adequate size Effects of
for clean, straight concrete-lined canals with a hydraulic radius up to 4. Roughness and
When the hydraulic radius exceeds 4, Figure 13 should be used as a Hydraulic
guide in choosing an "n" value. The curve on that figure indicates that Radius
a higher "n" value is required for the larger channels when the
Colebrook- White equation is used for hydraulic computations and a con-
stant equivalent sand grain surface roughness is assumed. As indicated
on the figure, in arriving at points on the curve, the velocity as ex-
pressed by the Colebrook- White formula was equated to the velocity as
expressed by the Manning formula, and the result solved for the increased
coefficient of roughness "i_. "
The trend of increasing "n" is verified by the data from prototype canal
capacity tests plotted on Figure 13. These capacity tests revealed that
flow resistance in concrete-lined canals often varies seasonally because
of aquatic growths on the lining surface. The most troublesome growth
encountered in the western United States is filamentous green algae.
Regular treatments with copper sulfate or aromatic solvents are effec-
tive in retarding, but not completely eliminating, this algae growth. If
it is not feasible to chemically treat a canal to maintain the discharge
capability, an increase in "n" should be considered in the original design
to accommodate the increased flow resistance which may occur. The
capacity tests indicated that "n" values increase seasonally as much as
30 percent in canals heavily infested with filamentous green algae.
C. The previously mentioned capacity tests disclosed that flow resistance Effect of
in concrete-lined canals generally increases with channel sinuosity. Channel
They also revealed that canal structure piers located in the flow prism Sinuosity
cause significant increases in water depth, especially in canals having
very flat invert slopes (in the order of 0.00005). Design methods for
accommodating excessive channel sinuosity and for computing pier losses
are given in Technical Memorandum No. 661. '0
17Assumed value based only on observation of section.
ySoil cement may vary in roughness from as smooth as well-finished concrete to
as rough as a gravel surface. The type of construction that is required must be
considered.
'0 "Analyses and Descriptions of Capacity Tests in Large Concrete-lined Canals, "
Technical Memorandum No. 661, Bureau of Reclamation, April 1964.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
9
1. 21
HYDRAU- .21 Hydraulic bore, which is discussed briefly under Subparagraph 1. 2:1A, may
LIC BORE occur in lined canals. It may be caused by the shutdown of a pumping plant,
rapid closure of a check or gate, or as a result of a sudden inflow causing
a wave in the canal.
WINTER . 22 The primary difficulty in winter operation is the accumulation of frazil ice in
OPERA- the canal, especially at the inlets to structures such as siphons or penstocks.
TION
Winter operation can be maintained by designing the system for one of two
methods of operation:
A. To be operated at a capacity sufficient to prevent freeZing. This pre-
sumes that the water temperature at the headworks is sufficiently above
freeZing to offset the heat loss in the canal.
B. If the first alternative' is not feasible, the canal should be designed for
operation under an ice cover. A cover forms readily at velocities less
than 2.2 feet per second. Further, frazil ice rises to form surface ice
at velocities less than 2 feet per second. Once an ice cover is formed,
further heat loss is virtually eliminated. The design and operation may
be greatly simplified if uniform flow is maintained during the winter
months.
In either case, abrupt changes in grade or alinement should be avoided, as
turbulence is essential to frazil ice production.
In the design of a power canal for winter operation, consideration should be
given to the value of head that can be saved by using a velocity of 2 feet per
second on a flat slope. The saving in head may offset the first cost of the
larger canal section.
OTHER WATERWAYS
POWER .23 Power canals convey water from the sources of supply to the penstocks of
CANALS powerplants. The primary difference between power and irrigation canals is
the purpose to be accomplished. The value of power produced should be con-
sidered in determining the most economical canal section. Power canals
will usually have more sudden changes in flow than irrigation canals. Waste-
ways are generally required just upstream from the powerplant, and the hy-
draulic bore must be computed in order to provide adequate freeboard on the
canal.
Hydraulic A. A hydraulic bore is caused by a sudden change of discharge at any point
Bore in an open channel. It results in a moving wave going upstream or down-
stream in the channel. If the wave is caused by suddenly stopping the
flow of water in a channel, as is the case in a powerplant shutdown or
rapid closure of a check or gate, the hydraulic bore will travel upstream
at a high velocity. The momentum, pressure, volume, and gravity ef-
fect must all be considered in computing the characteristics of the wave
and its effect upon the channel. The downstream leveling of the water
surface that occurs after the bore wave has passed must also be eval-
uated to determine the maximum rise in the water surface .
DRAINAGE . 24 The purpose of a drainage system is to remove excess water from the ground
SYSTEMS surface or subsoil. A drainage system may be required to prevent water-
logging of the land due to precipitation, .irrigation waste, canal seepage, or
high ground-water table. The possible need for a drainage system should
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
10
1. 25
OTHER WATERWAYS--Continued
always be considered with the desigl1. of an irrigation system. Open or under- DRAINAGE
ground drains or a ccmbination thereof may be used to effect an economical SYSTEMS
system to serve the needs of the area. The general design require~ents for (Cont'd. )
open drains are similar to those for irrigation channels. Open-joint tile pipe
as well as closed-joint pipe may be used in underground drains. See Fig-
ure 14 for discharge curves for concrete or clay drain tile.
. 25 Wasteway channels are sometimes required to dispose of excess water in WASTEWAY
canals. They are needed to dispose of operational waste or floodwater that CHANNELS
has entered the canal, or to empty the canal. The general requirements for
wasteway channels are similar to those for irrigation channels, depending on
local conditions. Owing to infrequent use of wasteway channels at full capac-
ity, the allowable velocity at full flow is usually greater than for an irrigation
canal of similar capacity.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
II
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RELATION OF DEPTH TOALLOWABLE VELOCITY '1
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FORMERLY X-O-3547 AOV
en
;-
IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS--INSIDE SLOPES 1-1/2:1 and 2:l.

(An explanation of the tables shown as Figures 3A and 3B)
General
The sections shown in the tables represent canals and laterals con-
structed or proposed by the Bureau of Reclamation. Some departures may
be required in order to meet local condi tions. A study of the soils in which
the proposed canal is to be excavated will assist in determination of whether,
for stability, the wetted slopes of the section should be 1-1/2:1, 1-3/4:1 or
flatter. These tables are for 1-1/2:1 and 2:1 inside slopes.
Capacity
The tables should be entered by finding a section giving the required
capacity within the preferred lines. Straight-line interpolation of depth and
velocity may be used to get capacities other than those appearing in the tables.
Velocity
A careful study should be made of the materials forming the canal
section in order to determine the proper velocity for the required capacity.
To meet specific conditions the velocities used for the sections shown in the
tables may be increased for stable erosion-resistant soils by 10 percent.
Velocities given in the table may be reduced by 20 percent if desired.
Freeboard
The freeboards given are for ordinary conditions. Smaller freeboards
will generally not be used. For banks subject to wind or water erosion the
freeboard may be increased.
Bank Width
Bank widths are based on Bureau practice. This width is given as a
minimum and should be taken to the nearest even foot after any necessa"'y
interpolation. For small canals these widths will not provide sufficient space
for operating roads. 'Nnere an operating road on the canal bank is required,
the designs should provide for additional width.
Outside Bank Slopes

In this discussion slopes are considered as out and down, horizon tal
to vertical. In general, the outside bank slope will not be steeper than 1-1/2:l.
Flatter slopes are often required due to type of soil and height of banks. On
ground subject to sloughing, extra material from cuts should generally be used
to provide flatter outside bank slopes rather than to increase the freeboard or
bank width.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
15
Chap. 1 CanaL anc! Llkrals '...:'::rnb :inc! Pd:lted Structures
C.'~::!JIl E/\l\'- H SEC'} IONS

1
FLi. 3f1 P'lC'. J.. TYPIC.AL Il'\RIGATIC'N
Sheet 1 :Jf ~, (Im~illl :' i)f 1-[/:,:1)
TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS SHOWING

MINIMUM FREEBOAEDS Al\'D BANK WIDTHS--INSlDE SLOPES 1-1/2:1
(See explanation on preceding page)
d = water depth (ft) V = assumed velocitrr (fps) A = area (sq ft)
Q = discharge (cis) W = bank width ft) Fb = freeboard (ft)
Bottom width (fW

d V W 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 12 14 16 18
A 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5
1.0 2.00 3.u Q 7.0 9.0 11.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 19.0
Fb 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3
A 4.8 6.1 7.3 8.6 9.8 11.1 12.3 13.6

1.25 2.07 3.3 Q 9.9 12.6 15.1 17.8 20.3 23.0 25.5 28.2
Fb 1.1 1 .6" 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
A 6.4 7.9 9.4 10.9 12.4 13.9 15.4 16.9 18.4

1.50 2.14 3.7 Q 13.7 16.9 20.1 23.3 26.5 29.7 33.0 36.2 39.4
Fb 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5
A 8.1 9.8 11.6 13.3 15.1 16.8 18.6 20.3 22.1 25.6
1. 75 2.18 4.0 Q 17.7 21.4 25.3 29.0 32.9 36.6 40.5 44.3 48.2 55.8
Fb 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7
A 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 30.0 34.0
2.00 2.22 4.3 Q 26.6 31.1 35.5 40.0 44.4 48.8 53.3 57.7 66.6 75.5
Fb 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8
A 15.9 19.4 21.9 24.4 26.9 29.4 31.9 34.4 39.4 44.4 49.4
2.50 2.28 5.0 Q 38.5 44.2 49.9 55.6 61 ., 67.0 72.7 78.4 89.8 101.2 112.6
Fb 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9
A 28.5 31.5 34.5 37.5 40.5 43.5 49.5 55.5 61.5 67.5
3.00 2.34 5.6 Q 66.7 73.7 80.7 87.8 94.8 101.8 115.8 129.9 143.9 158.0
Fb 1.7 1.8 UJ 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0
- - - - - Preferred lines - - - - -
Bottom width (ft)

d V 'J.! 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
A 49.9 53.4 60.4 67.4 74.4 81.4 88.4
3.50 2.38 6.3 Q 119 127 144 160 177 194 210
Fb 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2
A 52.0 56.0 60.0 64.0 72.0 80.0 88.0 96.0 104.0 112.0 120.0 128.0
4.00 2.42 6.9 Q 126 136 145 155 174 194 213 232 252 271 290 310
Fb 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5
A 66.4 70.9 75.4 84.4 93.1 102.4 111.4 120.4 129.4 138.4 147.4
4.50 2.46 7.6 Q 163 174 185 208 230 252 274 296 318 340 363
Fb 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6
A 87.5 97.5 107.5 117.5 127.5 137.5 147.5 157.5 167.5

5.00 2.50 8.2 Q 219 244 269 294 319 344 369 394 419
Fb 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6
A 100.4 111.4 122.4 133.4 144.4 155.4 166.4 177.4 188.4

5.50 2.53 8.9 Q 254 282 310 338 365 393 421 449 477
Fb 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8
A 126.0 138.0 150.0 162.0 174.0 186.0 198.0 210.0

6.00 2.56 9.6 Q 323 353 384 415 445 476 507 538
Fb 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0
A 141.4 154.4 167.4 180.4 193.4 206.4 219.4 232.4

6.50 2.59 10.2 Q 366 400 434 467 501 535 568 602
Fb 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
16
Canals and Related Strudures Chap. 1 C~nals and Laterals
TYPIC/l.,L IRRIGP.TION CANP.L EP.RTH SECTIONS Fig. 3A Par. 1.?

(Inside slopes of 1-1/2: 1) Sheet 2 of b
TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS SHO\Ai1NG MINIMUM
FREE BOARDS AND BANK MDTHS--INSIDE SLOPES 1-1/2:1--Contlnued
Bottom width (ft)

d V W 28 30 32 34 35 40 45 50
A 177.5 187.5
5.00 2.50 8.2 Q 444 469
Fb 2.7 2.7
A 199.1 210.4 221.4 232.4 237.9 265.4
5.50 2.53 8.9 Q 504 532 560 588 602 671
Fb 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0
A 222.0 234.0 246.0 258.0 264.0 294.0 324.0

6.00 2.56 9.6 Q 568 599 630 660 676 753 829
Fb 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2
A 245.4 258.4 271.4 284.4 290.9 323.4 355.9 388.4

6.50 2.59 10.2 Q 636 669 703 737 753 838 922 1006
Fb 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5
I
Bottom width (ft)
d V W 16 I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 35
A 185.5 199.5 213.5 227.5 241.5 255.5 269.5 283.5 297.5 311.5 318.5
7.00 2.62 10.9 Q 486 523 559 596 633 6f)9 706 743 779 816 834
Fb 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4
A 204.4 219.4 234.4 249.4 264.4 279.4 294.4 309.4 324.4 339.4 346.9
7.50 2.65 11.5 Q 542 581 621 661 701 740 780 820 860 899 919
Fb 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.5
A 224.0 240.0 256.0 272.0 288.0 304.0 320.0 336.0 352.0 368.0 376.0
8.00 2.88 12.2 Q 600 643 686 729 772 815 858 900 943 986 1008
Fb 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6
A 244.4 261.4 278.4 295.4 312.4 329.4 346.4 363.4 380.4 397.4 405.9
8.50 2.71 12.8 Q 662 708 754 801 847 893 939 985 1031 1077 1100
Fb 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7
A 319.5 337.5 355.5 373.5 391.5 409.5 427.5 436.5
9.00 2.75 13.5 Q 879 928 978 1027 1077 1126 1176 120b
Fb 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8
A 363.4 382.4 401.4 420.4 439.4 458.4 467.9
9.50 2.78 14.2 Q 1010 1063 1116 1169 1222 1274 1301
Fb 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8
A 410.0 430.0 450.0 470.0 490.0 500.0
10.00 2.81 14.8 Q 1152 1208 1265 1321 1377 1405
Fb 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8
A 459.4 480.4 501.4 522.4 532.9
10.50 2.84 15.5 Q 1305 1364 1424 1484 1513
Fb 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8
A 511.5 533.5 555.5 566.5
11.00 2.87 16.1 Q 1468 1531 1594 1626
Fb 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9
I
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 4/4/62)
17
Fig. 3A Par. 1. 7 TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS

Sheet 3 of fl (Inside slopes of 1-1/2: 1)
TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS SHOWING MINThIIUM

FREE BOARDS P.ND BANK WIDTHS--INSIDE SLOPES 1-1/2: 1--Continued
Bottom width (ftl

d V W 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
A 423.5
7.00 2.62 10.9 Q 1110
Fb 3.6
A 384.4 421.9 459.4 496.9
7.50 2.65 11.5 Q 1019 1118 1217 1317
Fb 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.8
A 416.0 456.0 496.0 536.0 576.0
8.00 2.68 12.2 Q 1115 1222 13211 1436 1544
Fb 3.7 3.8 3.g 3.g 4.0
A 448.4 490.9 533.4 575.9 618.4 660.9
8.50 2.71 12.8 Q 1215 1330 1446 1561 1676 1791
Fb 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2
A 481.5 526.5 571.5 616.5 661.5 706.5
9.00 2.75 13.5 Q 1324 1448 1572 1695 1819 1943
Fb 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3
A 515.4 562.9 610.4 657.11 705.4 752.g 800.4
9.50 2.78 14.2 Q 1433 1565 1697 1829 1961 2093 2225
Fb 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
A 550.0 600.0 650.0 700.0 850.0
10.00 2.81 14.8 Q 1546 1686 1827 1968 2389
Fb 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.5
A 585.4 637.9 690.4 742.11 795.4 900.4 952.9
10.50 2.81, H'.5 Q 1563 1812 1961 2110 22511 2408 2557 2706
Fb 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6
A 621.5 676.5 731.5 786.5 841.5 8116.51951.5 1006.5 1061.5
11.00 2.87 16. ; Q 1784 1942 2099 2257 2415 2573 2731 2889 3047
Fb 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5~ 4.6 4.7
Bottom width (tt) .

(j V 40 45 50 5E 60 63 70 75
A 658.4 715.9 773.4 830.9 888.4 945.9 1003.4 1060.9
11.::0 2.89 ~f' Q 1903 ZOtil! 2235 2101 2567 2734 ;::900 30f'6
Fb 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4,4 4.5 4.6 4.6
p. 576.0 756.CJ 816.0 87'3.0 936.0 996.0 ~056.0 1116.0
'2.00 2.91 1'7.,1 Q 1676 2200 2375 2549 2724 2898 3073 3248
:b 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7
A 708.5 903.5 968.5 1033.5 1098.5 1163.5 1228.5
13.00 2.95 ~~,. , <i. 2090 2665 2857 3049 3241 3432 3624
Fb 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7
A 854.0 1064.0 1134.0 1204.0 1274.0 1344.0
14.00 2.98 Ig.R Q 2545 317] 33711 3588 4005 4214
Fh 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7
A 1012.5 1087.5 1162.5 1237.5 1312.5 1387.5 1462.5
15.00 3.00 21.2 Q 3038 3263 3488 3713 3938 4163 4388
Fb 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.8
A 1104.0 1184.0 1264.0 1344.0 1424.0 1504.0 1584.0
16.00 3.00 22.5 Q 3312 3552 3792 4032 4272 4512 4752
Fe 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9
A 1283.5 1368.5 1453.5 1538.5 1623.5 1708.5
]7.00 3.00 24J) (~ 3850 4106 4360 4616 4870 5126
~;- (j 4.7 4.8 4.11 . 5.0 ~.1 5.2
Po. 1386.0 1476.0 1566.0 1656.0 1746.0 1836.0
18.00 3.00 24.0 Q 4158 4428 4698 4968 5238 5508
Fb 4.11 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3
A 1586.5 1681.5 1776.5 1871.5 11166.5
19.00 3.00 24.0 Q 4750 5044 5330 5614 5900
Fb 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

IF
TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EP.RTH SECTIONS Fig. 3A Par. 1.7
(Inside slopes of 1-1/2: 1) Sheet 4 of 5
TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EAf\TH SECTIONS SHO\VING MINThfUM

FREEBOARDS AND BANK Vv'IDTHS--INSIDE SLOPES 1-1/2: l--Continued
Bottom width (ft)

d V W80 85 90 95 100 110 120 130 140 150
A 1118.4 1175.9
11.50 2.89 16.8 Q 3232 3398
Pb 4.7 4.7
A 117~.0 1236.0 1296.0
12.00 2.91 17.4 Q 3422 3597 3771
Pb 4.7 4.8 4.8
A 1358.5 1423.5 1488.5
13.00 2.95 18.6 Q 4008 4199 4391
Pb 4.8 4.9 4.9
A 1414.0 1484.0 1554.0 1624.0 1694.0 1834.0
14.00 2.98 19.8 Q 4214 4422 4631 4840 5048 5465
Pb 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1
A 1537.5 1612.5 1687.5 1762.5 1837.5 1987.5 2137.5
15.00 3.00 21.2 Q 4613 4838 5063 5288 5513 5962 6413
Pb 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2
A 1664.0 1744.0 1824.0 1904.0 1984.0 2144.0 2304.0
16.00 3.00 22.5 Q 4992 5232 5472 5712 5952 6432 6912
Pb 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3
A 1793.5 1878.5 1963.5 2048.5 2133.5 2303.5 2643.5
17.00 3.00 24.0 Q 5380 5636 5890 6146 6400 6910 7930
Pb 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.7
A 1926.0 2016.0 2106.0 2196.0 2286.0 2466.0 3006.0
18.00 3.00 24.0 Q 5778 6048 6318 6588 6858 7398 9018
Pb 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.9
2156.5 2251.5 2346.5 2441.5 2631.5 2821.5 3391.5
19.00 3.00 6470 6755 7040 7324 7894 8464 10174
5.6 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0
Bottom width (ft)

d V W 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110 120 130
A 2000.0 2100.0 2200. 2300.0 2400.0 2500.0 2600.0 2800.0 3000.0 3200.0
20.0 3.00 24.0 Q 6000 6300 6600 6900 7200 7500 7800 8400 9000 9600
Fb 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 2131.5 2236.5 2341.5 2656.5 2761.5 2971.5 3181.5 3391.5
21.0 3.00 24.0 Q 6394 6710 7024 7970 8285 8914 9544 10174
Fb 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 2376.0 2486.0 2596.0 2706.0 2816.0 2926.0 3146.0 3366.0 3586.0
22.0 3.00 24.0 Q 7128 7458 7788 8118 8448 8778 9438 10098 10758
Pb fl.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 2633.5 2748.5 2863.5 2978.5 3093.5 3323.5 3553.5 3783.5
23.0 3.00 24.0 Q 7900 8245 8590 8935 9280 9970 10660 11350
Pb 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 2904.0 3024.0 3144.0 3264.0 3504.0 3744.0 3984.0
24.0 3.00 24.0 Q 8712 9072 9432 9792 10512 11232 11952
Pb 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 3187.5 3312.5 3437.5 3687.5 3937.5 4187.5
25.0 3.00 24.0 Q 9563 9938 10313 11063 11813 12563
Pb 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 3484.0 3614.0 3874.0 4134.0 4394.0
26.0 3.00 24.0 Q 10452 10842 11622 12402 13182
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 3976.0 4256.0 4536.0 4816.0
28.0 3.00 24.0 Q 11928 12768 13608 14448
Pb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 4650.0 4950.0 5250.0
30.0 3.00 24.0 Q 13950 11.;50 15750
Pb 3.0 6.0 6.0
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

19
Chap. 1 Canals and LJteials C:mals and Related Structures
Fig. 3A Par. 1. 7 TYPICP.L IHRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS
Sheet;] of 5 (Inside of 1-1/2:1)
TYPICAL L':\RlGATION CANAL EARll{ SFCTICNS SHOWING MINIMUM

FPEEBOP.RDS AND B}\~1<" \,VIDTHS--INSIDE SLOPES 1-1/2: l--C::mtinued
Bottom width (ft)

d V W 150 160 170 180 190 200 220 240 260
A 3600.0 3800.0
20.0 3.00 24.0 Q 10800 11400
Fb 6.0 6.0
A 3601.5 3811.5 4021.5 4231.5 4441.5
21.0 3.00 24.0 Q 10804 11434 12064 '12694 13324
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 3806.0 4026.0 4246.0 4466.0 4686.0 4906.0
22.0 3.00 24.0 Q 11418 12078 12738 13398 14058 14718
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 4013.5 4243.5 4473.5 4703.5 4933.5 5163.5 5393.5
'23.0 3.00 24.0 Q 12040 12730 13420 14110 14800 15490 16180
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 4224.0 4464.0 4704.0 4944.0 5184.0 5424.0 5664.0
24.0 3.00 24.0 Q 12672 13392 14112 14832 15552 16272 16992
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 4437.5 4687. b 4937.5 5187.5 5437.5 5687.5 5937.5 6437.5 693?5
25.0 3.00 24.0 Q 13313 14063 14813 15563 16313 17063 17813 19313 20813
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 4654.0 4914.0 5174.0 5434.0 5694.0 5954.0 6214.0 6734.0 7254.0 7774.0
26.0 3.00 24.0 Q 13962 14742 15522 16302 17082 17862 18642 20202 21762 23322
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 e.o
A 5096.0 5376.0 5656.0 5936.0 6216.0 6496.0 5776.0 7336.0 7896.0 845c.0
28.0 3.00 24.0 Q 15288 16128 16968 17808 18648 19488 20328 22008 23688 25368
Fh 6.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 5550.0 5850.0 6150.0 6450.0 6750.0 7050.0 7350.0 7950.0 8550.0 9150.0
30.0 3.00 24.0 Q 16650 17550 18450 19350 20250 21150 22050 23850 25650 27450
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
20
TYPICAL IRRIGATION CI-:-JAL E/\1\111 ~:ECTIOJ'JS Fig. 3B P<=tr. 1. 7
(In::;lde c:lo PC3 of ;;,: 1) Sheet 1 of 5
TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS SHOWING

MINIMUM FREE BOARDS AND BANK WIDTHS--INSIDE SLOPES 2:1
(See explanalion on page preceding Figure 3A)
d = wa ter depth (ft) V = assumed veIocl ty (ips) W = bank width (ft) A =area (sq ft)
Q = discharge (cis) Fb = freeboard (ft)
Ilott.,. width III. I

f---r---r----.-_,_-~-_,_--,-__,-- r-----,------,--.,,----
d v II 2 1 4 I ~ f> I 7 A 9 I 10 12 I 14 16 I 18
A 11.01 5.0 ".0 1 7.0 I 8.0! 9.0 I I I I II
1.00
1.25
2.00
-+ .
2.07! ).)
).0 ;;, I tgi1~:g 1~:~;~:~ 11~:~, If:~
I 5.616.91 8.1 9.1.
1l.6IU') 116.8119.4
:'
1--;;.f:"~1.-9-~WI----T---t --:--1--1--
22.0 24.6 21.2 i I
i
__ -+-1_--+:__'-, _
Q
_ -=i--_:
I
1.50
1
I
I
1
1
2.ul ).7 ,Q
P'b
•
1.1, 1.2 , 1~.)
7.5
1.), 1.4 1.4
9.0 10.5 ,12 • 0 ' 1).5 15.0116.5 18.0,
22.5,25.7 128.9 )2.1 )S.) 1 )8oS I
If>.O 19.)
r I
!!
i
I I P'b 1.2 1.) 1.) i 1.4 +-2.4 1.4 1.S I 1.5 I --t.------.-
L
I I I• 9.6 11.4 1).1 !u.91 ~~.6 18.4 2D.l! 21.;'" ;).6: I

1.7S 12.18114.0 IQ 20.924.8 28.6 )2.4 I )~:~ 1
40.1 4).8: 47.7. 51.~ i
P'b I 1.) 1.3 1.4 i 1.4 ~ 1.5 1.S 1.6 i l.~ I
-1-- I .,
I ,
f- : 1 • 12.0,U.0 16:118:0 1 20•0 ' 2;~~ -;6.~T"12-;:0 );~;-~I' i,'
2.0 I 2.22,4.3 Q 26.6[)1.1 35.540.0 41..4 48.8! 53.3 57.7 62.2 1 n.o
j i P'b 1.4 1.5 1.51 1.5 1.6 I 1.6 1.7 1.71 1.7 I 1.8 I !I
I A' 120.0122.525.0 27';+-1')0.0 3M I )5'0! 37.5 42.5Tb;.sl--j--

2.5 12.28 5.0 Q 145.6 , 51.457.0 f,2.7 M.4 74.1 19.8, 115.5 9f>.9! 106. I
P'b ! 1.6 ; 1.7 1.1 1.8 I 1.8 1.8 1.9 i 1.9 1.9 i 2.0 ,
• 30.0 In.o )6.0 )9.0 42.0 45.0; 48.0 54.0 I: f>O.o M.O 11'l·
1140.
3.0 2.)b 5.6 Q 70.2 i77.2 llb.2 '1.) 98.) lor;. 112. 126. IS4. 168.
Pb 1.81 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2
tlottom width (It 1

II ,
d V W 1 6 7 8 9 ) 10 12 I 14 16 18 20 22 21. 26
II ": !
I 3.~0 2. 3~ A.3'
A u5.S1 49.0 52.<tJ! 56.0; 59.5 M.S 73.5 8M
191.
I I I 8M
208.
94.5 !
I
I
I
Q
loR. '1117. 125. : 133. i 142. 158. 1175. 225.
:10 2.0 2.1 2.1! 2.1, 2.2, 2.2 i 2.2 2.) 2.3 2.5
, : A
' -+---+-- ,
i 60.0 64.0 68.0 72.0 i 80.0 88.0 96.0 1a..0
1 112. 120. 128. !
4.00 2.421 "'.9,Q 145 • 155. 165. 171.. i 194. 21J. 232. 252. 2n. 290. )10. I
i : Fb 1
2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.) 2.) , 2.1. 2.1. 2Ja 2.5 2.5 ,
-+-
I ! 76.5 I 81.0 85.5 ! 94.5 10)oS 11.2.5 1121.5 1)005 1)9.5 , 148.5 I 1570S
2.4'" II 7.6 I1 Q
I
4.50 •
1188. ,199. 210. 1232. 255. 271. I 299. )21. )h). I 365. )87.
iP'b
: 2.3, 2.) 2.1. 2.4 2.1. 20S 2.5 2.6 2.6 1 2.6 2.7
5.00 2.50 8.2

! ..
I Q
I I : 95.0' 100. 110. 120. 1)0. i 140.
237• .: 250. 27S' )00. 325. ,)So.
lSO. 160.
)7S. i boo.
110.
1&2S.
180.
450.
I IFb i I 2.1. i 2.-5 2.5 2.5 2.6 ) 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8
5.50 2.53 8.9, Q I·

IFb
I
I
I I 115.5 126.5 11)7.5 148.5 i 159.5
1292.
i 2.5
)20. I 348.
2.6 2.6
)76.
2.7
bOlo
2.7
I 110.5 1tll.5
4)1.
2.8
459.
2.8
19205 . 20).5
b~7.
2.9
SIS.
2.9
r
1
, i l44.
!i 'llS6. 1M.0 180.0 192. 2a.. 1216. 228.
"'.00 2.56 9.f. ~ I I )68. ')99. 4)0. 461. 491. '522. 552. SeL.
i 2.8 1 2.81 2.8 2.9 2.9 ).0 ).1 ).1
I. I
I 18A.S . 201.5 214.5 227.5 240.5 25JoS
A.SO 2.59 10.21 ~
i I I
48A. ,
2.9
I5n.).0 556.
).0
589.
).1
~J.
).1
657.
).2
DS-3-b - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 4/4/62)
2!
Fic. 3B Par. 1. 7 TYPICAL IRRIGATION·CANAL EARTH SECTIONS
Sheet 2 of 5 (Inside slopes of 2: 1)
TYPICP.L IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS SHOVJING MINIMUM
FREEBOARDS AND BANK WIDTHS--INSIDE SLOPES 2: l--Continued
llot..... wldUl (ftl
d V v
, 211
190.
lO JS 40 16 So
5.0 2.50 11.2 Q /a92.
2.11
'"
A nll.O m.:r
5.5 2.5) 11.9 Q m.
).0
5110.
).0
'"
A 2110. 252. 282. )12.
6.0 2.56 9.6 Q 6110. 616. 727. 799.
).1 ).2 ).J )./a
'"
A 266.5 279.5 n2.0 )1&1,.5 171.0
6.5 2.59 10.2 Q 690. 'If/a. llO8. 892. 976.
'" ).) ).) ).L ).5 ).6 I
1 Bott.ooo width 1ft I
d V w 16 18 20 22 21, 26 28 30 )2 3L )5
I 2)8 216 )22 )J6
no I
A no 2211 252 I 280 291, )01\ 3L3
7.0 ?kl 10.9 Q I 550 S~7 kl3 Mo ",7 7)1& ~07 fIl.lI eao 1!99
Fbi ).0 3.1 ).1 ).2 ! 3.) ).) I ).1, . ).1, 3.1, ).J. 3.5
1 n2.S 2117.5 262.5 277.5 ; 292.5 )07.5 )22.5 I )3M I JS2.5 J67.5 )"IS
7.S 2.65 11.S Q 616 656 696 735 I TIS 8lS 85S 69/a 935 ' 97/a 991,
Pb ).1 3.2 3.) 3.) ).L ).L ).S 3.5 ).S 30S ).6
A I 272.0 288 )do )20 ))6 I )52 )68 38L boo Loll
m
~I
8.0 2.68 12.2 772 815 858 900 9/a) 9116 1029 1072 109)
).1, ).1, ).1, ).5 ).5 30S 3.6 ).6 3.6 3.6
I A r' )1L.5 ))1.S 3L8.S J6S.S )lI2.S 399.5 1116.5 113).S ' 4112.0
8.5 12.n 12.8 Q 852 I 698 91,1, 990 10)7 loll3 li2t! 1174 1198
Pb 3.u J.5 J.S 3.6 3.6 3.6 ).6 3.7 3.7
9.0 2."IS 11).S

& 318
10)9
J96
1089
/alL
11)8
1,,,,
1188
uSo
U38
"68
1266
477
1)12
~
3.6 .).7 ).7 3.7 3.8 ).8 ).8
laM Llo6.5 L65.S 4/10.5 50).5 513

9.5 2.78 14.2 Q 1188 121,1 1291, 1)1&6 11000 1L26
Pb 3.7 ).7 ).7 ).8 ).8 ).8
A "80 500 520 51,0 550
10.0 2.P! !.L.8 Q 13L9 1L05 11060 1517 15"5
).8 3.8 3.8 ).9
10.5 2.110 15.S
-~
1 --t S~iS Si~§6 57lJ,S
1 0
3.9
s~~
It 70
~ .~
I I j20
.9 .9 /a.0 .0 I
1~ 1~~ 1~~ 1~ I
A I
11.0 2.R7 1/1.1
~ i I
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

22
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 1 Canal~ and laterals
TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS Fig. 3B Par. 1. 7
(Inside slopes of 2: 1) Sheet 3 of 5
TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS SHOWING MINIMUM
FREEBOARDS AND BANK WIDTHS--INSIDE SLOPES 2:1--Continued
Side .1ope. ~11 Bott. . width (ft I
d V w ho 45 so SS 60 65 10 15
A )78 41)
7.0 ~.~~ 1u.9 Q 990 1082
Pb ).6 ).6
A 41~.5 h50 hllM
7.5 ~.65 11.5 Q 1(9) 1197 1m
Pb ).6 ).7 ).8
A W,8 488 5~8 S6e
8.0 ~.6R 1~.~ Q 1200 1308 11&15 lS22
Pb 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9
A 48ho5 527 569.5 612
8.5 ~.n 1~.8 Q 1)1) 1lo28 15L) 1658
Pb ).8 3.9 h.o h.l
A 52~ 561 612 657 7al
9.0 ~.15 1M Q lhJS 1559 168) 1807 19)0
Pb ).9 4.0 4.1 ".1 ".2
A 560.5 608 6S5.5 70) 150.5 '/98.0
9.5 ~.78 lh.~ Q 1558 1690 182~ 195" ~OIV> ~218
Pb 4.0 4.0 4.1 ".2 4.) 4,1,
A 600 650 700 150 800 850 900
10.0 ~.81 14.~ Q 1686 1626 1967 2108 2248 2)88 ~529
!'b 4.0 4.1 1&.1 4.2 1&.) 4.4 4.s
1008
1005 ~.8h IS .5
A
Q
""jC.~
1H19 l~U
1II5.s
~117
798
~~66
850.5
21alS Jgl ~~ 2116J
Pb 4.1 ".1 1&.2 4.) 4.. ...s ".6 ".6
A 682 731 m 8h7 9al 957 1012 1067
~1&30 ~71i6 3~
11.0 ~.87 16.1 Q
Pb
1957
".1
2115
".2
~?7J
4.2 ".3 .....
2588
4.5
290h
4.6 4.6
5ide .1""88 ~:1 Bot.t. . width 1ft)

d v If )0 )5 1.0 45 sa 5S 00 ~5 70 7,
A 609.5 667.0 7~4.5 78~.0 8)9.5 897.0 954.5 1012.0 1069.5 1127.0
11.5 ~.89 16.8 Q 1161 1927 2091. 22iIJ ~I&~ 259~ n58 ~25 )090 )257
fb 4.0 4.1 4.~ 4.2 4.) 1..4 1..4 4.5 4.6 4.6
A 708 768 826 888 91&8 1008 1068 1126 1188
12.0 2.91 17.4 Q 2060 2234 2"10 2584 n5A 29)) )108 J262 3457
fb 4.1 b.l 4~) 4.) 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7
A 858 923 988 105) 1118 118) 121&8 1313
1).0 2.95 18.6 ;,j 25)1 n22 29110 )106 )298 3490 )612 )87)
no 4.3 4.4 1&.5 1&.5 h.6 ".6 h.7 4.8
A 952 1022 1092 1162 12)~ 1)02 13n l/.4~
14.0 2.98 19.8 Q 26)7 3OL6 3251a 3462 )671 )880 4088 4297
no 1t.4 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.~ 4.8 :.. 9
A 1125 1200 1275 13sa 1425 1 <;co 1575

15.0 ).0 21.2 Q ))75 )600 )8~5 40sa 4n5 "500 4U5
no 4.6 4.7 h.R 4.8 1,.9 S.O S.o
A 131~ 1392 lhn 155~ 16)~ 171~
16." 3.0 2~.5 Q )9)6 1.176 1,"11'; 4656 4896 5136
4.9 5.0 5.0
'"
A
".8
1513 1598 1683
5.1
1168
5.~
1853
17.0 ).0 24.0 Q 4539 479l. ~"9 5304 5559
fb 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.~ 5.3
A 17211 1816 1908 1996
1~.0 ).0 21>.0 Q CI84 54S1& 5724 5994
no ~.] 5.) 5.l 5.4
A 1957 205~ ~1h7
19.0 3.0 24.0 Q 5871 6156 6w.1
'" 5.4 5.5 5.6
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

23
Chap. 1 Canals and LClter8]s Canals ::md Related Structures
Fig. 3B Par. 1. 7 TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANP,L EARTH SECTIONS

Sheet 4 of 5 (Inside slopes of 2: 1)
TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS SHOWING MINIMUM

FREEBOARDS AND BANK WIDTHS- -INSIDE SLOPES 2: 1- -C ontinued
Side Ilaoes 211 ilott"", width (It 1

d V III 80 85 90 95 100 110 120 1)0 ~ 150
A 1184.5
11.5 2.89 16.8 Q 34n
F1> 4.1
A 1246.0 1)08.0 13M

12.0 2.91 17.10 Q )f,)2 )806 )961 I
11> 4.7 4.8 4.8 :
A 1378 144) 1508 1513 !

42$6 L6Lo I
13.0 2.95 16.6 Q 4065 4449
"b 4.6 4.9 4.9 5.0 ! I
A 1512 158? If>52 17n 1792 1932 I !
110.0 2.98 19.6 Q 4506 4114 4923 51)1 534D 5760 !
F1> 5.0 5•.0 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.) ; !
A I 1650 1725 1800 1615 1950 7100
6)00
I
I
IS.o 3.0 n.2 Q 4950 ,175 S4DO 5625 5850
11> 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 i
A 1792 1872 1952 lO32 , ?l12 l2n I 2432
16.0 3.0 n.5 Q 5376 $616 5656 6096 6336 6616 7296
Fh 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4 1, 5.5 5.6 I 5.6
17.0 3.0 24.0 I

A
Q
1936
S8lL
I l(2)
6069
2108
6324
2193 i
227B I, 2448
6579 I 6834 ! 1344
2618
7854
n88
8364
!'b 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.6 i 5.7 5.6 5.8 5.9
A 2088 ?l78 2268 nS8 i 2448 1l6?8 2808 2988 , 3168

18.0 ).0 24.0 Q I 6264 65J4 68Ol; 701L. .1344 7884 8424 8964 [9504
F1> I 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.1 I 5.B 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0
3.0 24.0
A
Q
I
2242
6726
2))7
7011
24)2
12')6
'2527
1581
2622
7B66
I 2812
8436
)002 I 3197
9006 9576
D62
10146
)512
10716
19.01
F1>i 5.6 5.7 I 5.B 5.8 I 5.9 5.9 6.0 i 6.0 6.0 6.0
Side slonel!l 7:1 R~tto", width (It 1 -I

d I V W 70 , 7~ 80 85 I 90 95 100 110 1lO 130
A 2200 12300 I 2400 2500 I 2600 2700 2600 .JOOO 3<'00 3400 1
[20 i l.O , 24.0 Q 6600 6900 ,7?OQ 7500 7800 6100 8400 9000 9600 10200 I
I 11> 5.6 5.7 I 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0
21 3.0
\
I 24.0 I ~
\
I 2352 1 2457 i 2562
7DS6 ! 7371 7686
2667
8001
2772
8116
7811 I 7982
8946
)192 I 3402 I 3612
9576 110210 110840
1
8631
i ,fb 5.7 5.8 1 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9
I
6.0 6.0 I 6.0 6.0 !
I ')608
~
I
i 28)B 2948 3058 3168 3388 3828
n I 3.0 24.0 I i 8514 881,4 9174 I 9C£l4 10160 !10820 IJ.4BO
'! Fh S.9 5.9 6.0 I 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
~
I
3128 3243 3358 3588 )818 4048
23 J.O 21,.0 I
II I 9384 9729 10070 10160 11450 l?l4O
I 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
i
A 3432 3552 3792 4032 I 128lO
4n2
24 3.0 24,.0 , Q 10)00 10660 11380 12100
,11> I 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
I
3750 4000 4250 4500
25 3.0 24.0 I ~ I 11250 12000 12750 13500
IFh 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
1 I
A 4?l2 4412 47~2
26 3.0 24.0 Q 12640 13420
F1>
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14?OO
6.0
1
I A I
I
4648 4926 SlOB
26 3.0 24.0! Q I 13940 14780 156lO
!fb 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 5100
30 3.0 24.0 Q 17100
I'b I I I 6.0
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

24
Canals and Related Strue~turG::;
TYPICP,L IRRIGi\TION Cl~Nn, EP.RTH SECTIOI~S Fig. :m P;u. 1. 7

(In::iicie :::'lupe~; cf ~:: 1) Sheet ;1 of :)
TYPIC/I.L IRRICr;ICTJ CP.:\;A: £/-\\1': c~I'>H~ h):;S CJ}~O",\iEL~ MI:'l1Jv'[UM

FREEBCP,RDS i~ND Bi\Nl< \V1Ul):S--II,]SIDE ;3LOPE(; ::: l--C,r;tinu "J
Side BlODea 2:1 Botta. width (ft )

d V w 140 ISO 160 110 160 190 200 220 240 260
A )600 3800 4000

20.0 3.0 24.0 Q 10800 11400 12000
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0
A )822 4032 4242 4452
n.o 3.0 24.0 (,j 11470 12100 12730 13360
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 4046 4268 4486 4108 4926
22.0 3.0 24.0 (,j 12140 12800 13460 14120 14180
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
, A 4276 4S08 4736 4966 5196 5428
23.0 3.0 24.0 Q 12630 13520 14210 14900 15590 16260
Fb 6.0 f..o f..o 6.0 ".0 ".0
A 4512 4752 4992 S232 5472 5712 5952
24.0 3.0 24.0 ~ 13~0 14260 14980 1S700 16L20 11140 11660
Fb f..O 6.0 6.0 6.0 ".0 f..o 6.0
A 4750 SOOO 5250 5~ 5150 6000 62$0 6150
25.0 3.0 24.0 Q Ih250 15000 15150 16~ 17250 18000 18150 20250
Fb ".0 ".0 ".0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A h992 5252 5512 5772 6032 6292 6552 1072 1592
26.0 3.0 24.0 Q 14980 15160 16~0 17320 16100 16680 19660 21220 22780
JIb /;.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 /;.0 /;.0 ".0
A ~66 51fl8 6Oh6 6326 6IOa 6666 1166 1126 6266 6646
26.0 3.0 24.0 Q 1"460 11)00 16UO 16980 19620 2OI:fi:) 21500 23164 24660 26540
Fb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 f..o 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
A 6000 6)00 6ffl) 6900 7200 7~ 7800 8400 9000 9600
)0.0 ).0 24.0 Q 18000 18900 19600 20700 21600 22500 2Jl,OO 25200 27000 26600
Pb 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
25
Chap. Canals and Laterals Canals and Related Structures
Fig. 4 Par. 1. 10 BANK HEIGHT FOR CANl\LS AND FREEBOARD FOR

HARD SURFACE, BURIED MEMBRAl\lE, AND EARTH LININGS
ot
10
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/(37 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
26
Canals and Related Structures Chap. I Canals and Laterals
PROPERTIES FOR CONCRETE-UNED CANALS-- Fig. 5 Par. 1. 15A
STANDARD SECTIONS A-I AND iI-2
Fruboard,SHDwg. IOJ-O~-Jofl_'"\ _ •. ~'-;:O"IA _ , ~ T: "'/0

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I : ~ T q;'1--11,' : fl:
m-=ff
I" + 1i
tW.!"! ~ 1I" frHijlli0 'IIII! " " . , 1 IT';' :
Notes Gcap~ bo;~d on 1,40nnonq's (or",,,lo. " . 014
N ' f , ' 1'&,; -.-':: H";
Y -.:, Ii' . f",
1 :'I.' : i '-1Ii1:II,.
"N' I ' , / ' I ;1" I ' tjt" r -
Df{)ths s/Io,,",,~ ,.oter Of'pths
The Slope vfthe sectio" shouldnote,cl!ed
rfcorn""ende~' moxim~m slope to insure ,0"' .. I Ult ,I 'N1::" :(1/':'11:1' , V·l " , ' I~ 11M Ii ~
t~o" cnt/col velo;;itle~ '/11//1 IIot bt
reoCI>td It/~h (I grc,'e deparrlJrt or, /' 1
'fto/ ,.n:::: [!il 1 :.' ,'.I til it 1;lRflR:.c.j
and Manmnqs II !;,osedoll.OII L,'
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f/UI'I£AV 01' ~LAI!IAT":JI"
f+ .. II i ,II Ii II 'Iii i' r i ~ I :. ' B-1!' ,I l~ lJ." j"1 STANOAffO O.SIONS
it·· It) I.. ': 1+ HI. . :-~-t __ jpROPERrlESFOROONGRETELINEOOANJ\U
fti If,IlL I I r I' Ij ~ +~ : I ' . - -.Iljjt STANDARD SECTIONS A-I AND A-Z
000' _ • .7" .0 '" , • ,. ., " "M ~ :::::::;~~::'~;:;::::::;::~:'.:~:'~~'~~

FLOW IN tUf)IC ,or:.ET PEA SECQNO 1~--'-;a61 :=i:.D",.~:,~:':.~~S:OH5o"rri'lcll ,reno" ."0 a", .. v"'''. ""~"""D" O<:n:> .." . . . . . , . . . I 103-0-1042
DS-S-5 - 12/8/67 27
Canals and Related Structures Chap. I Canals and Laterals
PROPERTIES FOR CONCRETE-LINED CANALS-- Fig. 6 Par. 1.15A
STANDARD SECTIONS B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5, AND B-6
DIM£NSIONS
'-'~---j-l-'-:';'\~,-j1--~c'l:~.~I-I·~;i~
r j'-O"
'4~;'~
i-j' 4'-6"
/.-o~ 2"T 5~
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..m',""'"""' •••••~103-D-6 30
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
)Q
THICKNESS OF HARD SURFACE Fig. 7 Par. 1. 15A

LINING FOR USE IN CANALS
Ul
FIGURE 5 o
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
31
Chap. 1 Canals and L3terals CclDals and RelrrteJ Structures
Fig. 8 Par. 1. 151'. FLAP VALVE WEEPS
r Bronze cop screw and wosher,

;' N C Round ~o~ brass moe hint' scrr", brass woshu
and brass nut Tighten and stoke
FlOp vo/)'e weeps
Plos tiC companion flonqt
Bross d,sk r mln,mum thldM5S.
f TtIlC. NeaprMe rubber flop With Shore -A'
Conal lining OlJrome~r of SO to 70
PlastIC companIon ftonge
·r",.'
0CD0~
Compocted sand fIlter matenol ! I
\,
, '/ "
See table for qrodatlOn
( - 'i" I D 0'0 plo,tlC p,pe n,pole

8- ~. ,do 5/ots,
eoch bond. Compoctrd coorse 09gregote
eOlJO JIY spOced {,iter motenol See table
for qrodo f,on
Alternative
can5fructlon
CD
f--- 9' ,-
'",
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r
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TYPICAL INSTALLATION
Vibrate to enSure filling of

rOlds lIt/th concretf'"""
1...(I}//~. .s.
'..
o _
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0
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trengtMnm
q
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nb'
soc*~ts
,~ - " ~ - IDr cap 'cre..'

I • yY
L _ ._
FLAP VALVE
DETAIL OF PARTS
SECTION A-A
GRADATION OF FILTER MATERIALS

FI 1. T ~" PERCENT 'BY wE IGHT' RETA 'NED ON STA HOARD S 'EVe
IIATERIAL No 200.,'00 N4.'0 No'O No. I' No.' No,4 J/." J//f IV.-
....-rs TII,nK SAfETV

UNI TEO S TA T£ S
O£PART"'EfoiT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF fifECL.AIIIATION
STA HDARD DESIGNS
FLAP VALVE WEEPS
103-0-1044
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
32
Si'd"F.C] Y I JdJDEi'\ fH1NCS FOI\ Fig. 9 P2r. 1.15A
C\JNCi,\gll<>UNED CI\f':f'L~;
\\ -I,
. &' ,
Pamt area /6"x lEI' an concrete with. (':"~_ "
twa coats of traftic yellow pamt.--------------\
f\.(-f /;
r '\ ,'/'
." ",'
./.11.
Min. opera ting wefer surface-·
~
AI
I 1\
I
I Ladder rungs @ 2 t" centers"" _/ ,- '" '"
I , ifI''''
I
I
r
r
I /
I
I ,'"
I
. ->-i
I Lining thickness --
r (
4 " M'Iflc--., 7"
~.
\to
;" {-
r-Ji-------
(() /'
I
:~==F=~
"'-1 ~? I I
f ;I"
,.-<--/2 --
r
><:: - - - - -
I
·-.!."M'
Z
,24" . - . - . ->oJ
m.,I
I
SECTION A-A
t Mild steel rod, encased In r NOTES

tube of 90 -/0 soft tempered
cupro -nickel with 0.049 Ladder rungs to be placed during concrete
inch wall thickness.---, lining operations, located opposite each
r-------
f
7"· - .. - . -1 ']
other of 750 ft. intervals on each side of the
conal, and upstream of structures as directed.
Ladder rungs are not required on sides
I====-'=-==-='-====-~"","'" ,,- - i ~ " . - -. -~
" ~ ~ I
of canals where the vertical lining
/1 R------,""-, ~~: : height is less than 2} feet.
, \ \ I
I I I
I I ':.,... "-,,,,
I" I 1 +1 (()
End af 1 I I ~... I :
o
'1; -67
-Ii!. 'J
CHANGED NOTE CONCERNING LOCATION
steel rod-·· ,I
IVI :.,'"
IJ _ ~ .
,:
\I
.1
I
I
:;:2- 7 CHANGED
o ALWAYS T1l1nK
RUNG SPACING
SAfETY
AND TITLE
\' - j -
r·· t
I
Flatten end / -- A THIS DWG. SUPERSEDES 40-0- 4848

of tube ---." I I .
UN/TED STATES
BuREAu OF RECLAMATION
LADDER RUNG STANDARD DESIGNS
SAFE TY LADDER RUNGS FOR

CONCRETE LINED CANALS
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
33
Fig. 10 Par. 1.15A S~FETY LADDER FOR CONCRETE-LINED CANALS
Use t.o or mo~ ladur sections .h#n Po",t ar~(J IS" 6 18" on concrete with
the r~u,r~d I~"qth tJtceeds 13'-j"
two ceots Of trofflC ytllow /ItHIlt.
11m Operating woter surface
Anchors not shown
5.0' Min for ..oter depth equal

to or greater thon 8.0'-----..J
~~
~ ~
2"- Alol for wot'Pr '. r.~symm obout {
depth less than 8.0'
7'-
, F ,
• • ; - 'NST."."ON OEW,
Altchors not shown

Limng thl'kMSS f2r Min.}
SECTION A-A
LADDER RUNG DETAIL
{ AflChor5 ,·-, . 1-
W . - .'0
Ladders to M used on
NOTES
at canol where the
Sides
LO~;~~: t:ei!/:O::~t~i:~~s~~,~~~~.other at lSO·foofmffrWJIsan

,Kif! d",. <OIIDI, ond upstrtom of structurtS as diftetttl.
Lodders to M fabrIcated from steel or 6061 - T6 oluminum.
~ertlcal
Ladders sholl be anchored to 'he conolllnmf} With stom~ss

steel exponSlon type Df Impocttype anchors. subject
to the approval of tht contracting officer.
Ladders to bt pam ted WIth non-corrosi~e troff!c yellow
Ancnor at cent~r of ladder pomt ofter fabrtcatlon.
for Sl!ctJons lo.r thoft 6~J
(For lodders With .5 or .,
runqs. offset anchors .5-.)
f. Anchors
(Sf'/! notts.)
A~ll1
T~j I ~~
~-~~----------
OEPARTtilENT
IfUREAU
UNITED
-
O~
--
O~
--
STATES
THE
ReCl.AMATlON
.~ --
'N7ERIOflt
LADOER SECTION
STANDARD DESIGNS
SAFETY LADDER FOR

CONCRETE LINED CANALS
40-0-6112
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
34
Canals and :Related Stru:::tures Chap. 1 Canals and Laterals
DETAILS OF BURIED MEMBRANE liNINGS Fig. 11 Par. 1.15B
Andor 'rl/lc/t tor

p~,tn~,""d ,/tllft
/'~Li"inf 'rllboord
.~ .. Or/liMI "rf/lllld slIrtllu
~
('Wi~drow : ,;.c-··-···R-. ~_·--'.-R--- --_.~':-~•.
J'~
fmbll~im'~t~_y.,;:.~.~~!j;.i~, .." :' ..•

~.. ~.J;~com''1ct'd:~:----'d::~ '---Bllr;,d lIt.mbralll lini",
--T--'''''';
",-;4j?3c~E:§~7;fd~0~' -'.-.{-----::-
.!-~-'--
'.,~·!!;rr{:~:1
..
I -··':..·--Firlfl, "",i'llll, ""oo'b SlIrfa"
SINGLE LAYER COVC" DoueLE LAYER COIICR

I
TRANSV£RSE SECTION OF WATE""'.'"
C· 10"- ~ i Wb,,, C I~ i~ illebu 'IIId d i~
wat" dlpl/li/l Il1dn.(J2"""".
Wllf~rwoy m.~rl '. ". ~_ ... t. __ .;

co.umo"rlll/:_ ., ~ '. : Ii"'- ;..-r"'; - NOT£'5
> > Tb, I}rGd,titm,ftp, '1111 rhietnlu,' tIN cor.r _t,ri"
'. '. . .' . .' ~ '.'
~. is d'PBtfd,,., "II frlJeti~, ttlrell fIlId n/ot:ltin ;n tit,
stet;o", lind f",t,,,'of,,,Bt,ri,1 In,i/aII"illt,..,-.,.
. .. .:~
~.."0.·~.:: ••mi;'",I';;"'
:-"
-'- ---,(. -- ---. 5:S"J,I,/to'.II",r. aWpi, f", dit"rlnCl """""" frfllld tbillft ',n,tll.
, S'II"',I."''''''O'',
~~"O".A".OO"Z'~ ,~~I!.."o~i~~ ::::.:;:,~". '11''''.002.011I.''".00'''011I- To IJIIII,;/l '11' .,H,d prr;m"" for, ",tlM,tlllltrott
R 2JiWP 2JiWp from fb, 1If,If,d p,ri"",,, tor III fropuoidol
LONGITUDINAL. SECTION II lJJ"" 2.4 ,. R 2JJIIIP ,. sreti,,, ot width b.
MrOltl""'IIIC "'T 5TRuc1U1rrg I.' 4,2" 5.19 6./6
Ais til' ,ru gf til. tiflll.TIJI'I,;" tltfor'II tor,
6./6
,,•
'2'
4,U
" .," " ue'IOII,slIlIfroctZA trom th OfU 0'0 frllptl,ihl
'.19
'" 6./6
""
" ""
,." "" utfioll 0' wid'~ b.
'.'9 " " '12' " ,."" ForfrnbfHJrd 1M 103·0-:1'-1.
6.U 1019 Il.U
,,
· ,."" ""
'"
11116
..." " "
, U " 1.10 14.H /7,2' .,
"" " "~~- ~
n 1'.83 1,61 18/7 ~
.." 21,"7 I.X>
fIZZ 262 22.•'J 2.J2 197
.," "" "
2!i8 J,BI 2$.96
" " .",." J.lf 30.8'
"" " ,...
" 2JJO " '.6/ 18.56 27_•• U89 .." J,2Z
2542 5.49 31.16 4.51
'"
.·" +-_."3
2l5J urs 5,11
"" . ,..
::~Jf- f-------4--
J6J5 Ul4
",., ~9 65" m
"" ...,. -f*-- 5.21
,."" Jill '" ,. 8511 J8.94 '.01 46.22
J3.47 41.02
."" '" '.Bf 48.68 '{i- ~
".
J5.16 /cUI 866 51,1'
""
" " W
9.'1 5361 X> lil.O~
" " "
."II,. :i;i- "'" "
""~ -~ ~~~ . IJl6 f5lJJ~ /Uf 58.54
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
".,
" ~{;- ~,5l /J.85 1--F:~70 " /1.12
'"
MCTHOD 01' ENOI/IiG IiIC."R",.r .,
- ;0-
. '"
~- ~"4f
'0,B3
;:,~;- ~t'6.
21.96 62.31
"~ 1"-'6 69,02
"195
."" /3.J4
+----1i-- It >. 18.0S- . IS.JI
DETAILS OF BURIED MEMBRANE LININGS

11&'2","'0 103-0-632
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

35
TYPICAL EARTH-LINED SECTIONS Fig. 12 Par. 1. 15C
~~---;'-------'n , i l l - - - - - - - - - - - - " I - - - - - - - - - - I n cui -----1---_

~ _ _ CrifJlnalground !.!!!.!!!,------ -----
COmp.cl.d eorlh 'lnln9
TYPICAL EARTH LINED SECTION
TABLE FOR EARTH LINING

d t. t
Z.o'orless /.0 J.O
>2.0 10 4.0
=-I.o'to 6.0' z.e
I.' 40
6.0'
Orer 6.0 2.0' B.a'
NOTES
If linin, mot,rial r~quiru 0 profrcliw cow,. ofgrov~1 or ripro, to P"'~ SCfJUf'
or erosion, tUQ'IOtion sholl be ettended to prfNIde for til, deSIgnated thidMSS
of lininq plu, rho grovtl or riprop COV".
For frHboard. s" DWfJ. IOJ-0-341 (R,~. J-IO-60J
OCT. 1(;, /967

103- 0 -1043
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
37
C2cal:; ar,d Rel3."ceu Structures Chap. 1 Canals and Laterals
CONCRETE-LINED CANALS--MANNlNG'S "n" VALUES FROM PROTOTYPE TESTS F;.g. 13 Par. 1. 20B
NOTES
OfU:D TI!"ST DATA

",,,. . . IrA ... t" 01'
'~-
(If'
~ ~ TEST f'LO.S
-;-:-: r:::-:- .~. 'T'-+-------- n!"STS '" ~

"'o'~(Lfm{lLdotJl 11 IlI&O'olpro'
1'. HYDRAULIC RADIUS (ft,) o
IlIlIitt(Tro,ILol.JIEl
·1
.," ... .. 00 ..
,,;':" ~:;.;
~~~! !E! ~~~! ~~!! ~~~! ~~~! ~~~~
~~~'~+~~:-:.;.:.:
~ Goff ....111 Ie)
Ift•• OIIIO I .. 00"
CIIrr~IHt1Mltt
P~l ~·tl ~I'~·: • =: ':
I~, i I,,'
~ ~ -. g I ""J.....
j .I IR"'~21 ~ '2S0
"
:;~
Plot, M computt'd ~n" rolu.s from nino concrete lined
i:i. "",." p"~ II,.,. I:' jJ ,ortoflllr# sllo"n lin rli0'lramot th.I." "nd or,
d,scrib.d ~"'w.
'j"" i ,!.. :::J "H! l'~ J

~ ~:~:~II~I~ ~ ~I ~·! This dro"ing(Jr#pcf"trf from doto qiru in BvrrOl/Of
Rrclomorion T,chtttCOI "',morOl/dum 661, "A"OI,SrS
,., '{. ,"', ,,' lind Dtscri~rion uf (OPocity Tnfsin Lor,~ CDncrrfr:_
w
~:,! -, Lin,d(rnlfs .Aprif."'4
. L : ~!g,.lg,I:···
",...~~,;~~.,.
ml r!l ('=t'; ~.H;
:~ ! .-ftllfHI$Af£TY
..•••cw ,Ie" w.,. <0 .,.

CANAL CAPACITY TEST ""DOftA"
CANAL SECTIONS CONCRETE LINED CANALS

, ~, ~!oc:J::,,~~l} .
MANNINGJS VALUES
-n-
'''t'M
PftOTOTYPE: TESTS
IHC[,.BER ',191ii 103-0-1045
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
39
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 1 CClnals and Laterals
CONCRETE OR CLA Y DRAIN TILE--DISCHl\RGE CURVES Fig. 14 Par. 1. 24
SLOPE IN INCHES PER 100 FEET

ACRES DRAINED
9000 6000 4500 3500 3000
6000 5000 4000 3000 2500 2000
7000 4500 3500
6000 4000 3000 2500 2000 1500
5000 3500 2500 2000 1200
4500 3000 1500
4000 2000 1000
2500 1500 1200 900
3500
3000 2000 1500 1200 1000 800
900 700
2500 1200 1000 600 600
1500
2000 I OOO:~700 500
1200 900 700 600 450
1500 1000 600 600 500 400
900 700 450 350
1200 600 600 500 400 300
1000 700 500 ~ 350 250
900 600 450 350 300
600 500 400 300 250 2 00
700 350 I80
450 160
600 400 300 250 200 140
I 500
450
350 250 200 ::g 120
400 300 200 ::~ 140 100

350 250 180 140 120 90
300 200 160 120 100 80

180 140 90 10
f.q!i 250 160 12 0 ~go 80 60
200 140 100 80 70 50
II ::~
UJ 120 '30 70 60 45
C> 60
.
a:
:I;
u
140
120
100
90
80
70
60
60
50
50
45
40
40
35
30
45
'"o 100 70 50 40
35 25
90 60 45 35 30
80 40 20
70 50 30 25
45 35
25 20 15
40 30
35 20
25
30 15
20 10
25 15
20 15 10
10
15
10
10
SLOPE IN fEET PER 100 FEET

RATE OF RUNOFF PER ACRE
PER 24 HOURS
DISCHARGE CURVES FOR DRAIN-TILE

BASED ON FORMULA V. 138 R~ s~
BUL.8~4, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

41
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 2 General Design Information
for Structures
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Paragraph
2. 1 Introduction
2.2 Data
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN CRITERIA

2.3 General
2.4 Allowable Stresses
2.5 Bar Spacing
2.6 Splicing of Bars
2.7 Protective Cover
2.8 Bond and Anchorage Requirements
2.9 Shear Requirements
2.10 Minimum or Temperature Reinforcement
2.11 Reinforcement Bar Bends
2.12 Minimum Wall Thickness
2.13 Cutoff Walls
2. 14 Joints in Structures
2.14A Construction Joints
2.14B Contraction Joints
2.15 Fillets
2.16 Concrete Pipe
LOADINGS
2. 17 General
2. 18 Dead Loads
2. 19 Live Loads
2.20 Vertical Wall Loads
2. 21 Sloped Walls
2. 22 Highway and Railroad Loads
2.23 Loads on Circular Conduits
HYDRAULICS
2.24 Flow Formulas
2.25 Head Loss
2.25A Friction Loss
2.25B Transitions
2.25C Bends
2.25D Trashracks
2.25E Piers
2.25F Miscellaneous
2.26 Freeboard
2.27 Percolation
2.28 Overturning and Sliding
2.29 Hydraulic Jump
RIPRAP
2. 30 General
2.31 Siphons and Tunnels
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
43
Chap. 2 General Design Information Canals and Related Structures
for Structures
RIPRAP--Continued
Paragraph
2.32 Checks, Parshall Flumes, Check Drops, Inclined Drops, Chutes,
and Closed-conduit Drops
2. 33 Turnouts
2.34 Cross Drainage Structures
PIPE EARTHWORK
2. 35 General
AUTOMATIC AND REMOTE OPERATION OF WATER

CONVEYANCE SYSTEMS
2. 36 General
2. 37 Measuring Stations
2.38 Gate Controls
2.39 Supervisory Circuits and Remote Controls
2.40 Safety Features
APPENDIX A--The Hydraulic Jump
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
44
for Structures
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Reinforced Concrete Design--
Combined Bending and Tension 2.4 103-D-344
2 Reinforced Concrete Design--
Combined Bending and Compression 2.4 103-D-343
3 General Notes and Minimum Require-
ments for Detailing Reinforcement--
Class 40 and Class 50 2.6 40-D-7004
4 General Notes and Minimum Require-
ments for Detailing Reinforcement--
Class 60 2.6 40-D-6123
5 Protective Covering for Reinforcement 2.7 103-D-143
6 Radius of Bend for Beam and Slab
Reinforcement 2.11 103-D-142
7 Earth Pressure and Moment Curves--
Angle of Repose = 1-1/2:1 2. 18 103-D-197
Angle of Repose = 1-3/4:1 2.18 103-D-198
Angle of Repose = 2: 1 2.18 103-D-199
10 Resulting Pressures--Sloped Walls 2.21 103-D-195
11 Distribution of Wheel Loads for Design
of Culverts 2.22 103-D-229
12 Design of Free-flow Siphon Inlets 2.25B 103-D-l
13 Head Losses in Pipe Bends 2.25C 106-D-44
14 Compound Pipe Bends 2.25C 106-D-32
15 Head Loss Through Trashracks 2.25D 106-D-71
16 Flow Through Submerged Tubes 2.25F 103-D-276
17 Critical Depth in Trapezoidal Sections 2.25F 103-D-278
18 Energy Loss in Hydraulic Jump 2.29 103-D-289
19 Relations Between Variables in
Hydraulic Jump 2.29 103-D-306
20 Earthwork Details, Monolithic Con-
crete Pipe--Earth Excavation 2.35 103-D-I062
crete Pipe--Unc1assified Excavation 2.35 103-D-1063
crete Pipe--Earth or Rock Excavation 2.35 103-D-1064
23 Earthwork Details, Pretensioned Con-
crete Pipe--Earth Excavation 2.35 103-D-1059
crete Pipe--Unclassified Excavation 2.35 103-D-I060
crete Pipe--Earth or Rock Excavation 2.35 103-D-1061
26 Earthwork Details, Precast Concrete
or Asbestos-Cement Pipe--Earth
Excavation 2.35 103-D-1056
or Asbestos-Cement Pipe--
Unclassified Excavation 2.35 103-D-1057
or Asbestos-Cement Pipe--Earth
or Rock Excavation 2.35 103-D-1058
29 Pressure Pipe--Typical Trenches 2.35 40-D-6036
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
~s
for Structures
2.1
.1 This chapter contains design information used for many types of canal INTRODUCTION
structures. The hydraulic and structural designs are generally based on
information found in recognized design textbooks. The loadings and stand-
ards given in this chapter are adequate for most conditions; however, engi-
neering judgment must be exercised to determine when they do not fit local
conditions. In the structural drawings selected for illustration, there may
be instances in which current design practices differ in some respects from
those illustrated.
.2 Design data are prepared or obtained by field forces. It is their responsi- DATA
bility to anticipate the needs of the designers and obtain ~ eliable information
on all factors that may influence design. The data should include drawings
and other information necessary for the complete design of the structures.
The desirable scale for profile drawings is 1 inch equals 10 feet vertical and
1 inch equals 200 feet horizontal, although high density of structures may
sometimes warrant a horizontal scale of 1 inch equals 100 feet. Profiles
and structures should be oriented on drawings so that the stationing increases
from left to right or from bottom to top. For additional information, see
Part 133, Design Data Requirements, of the Reclamation Instructions.
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN CRITERIA

.3 The current ACI (American Concrete Institute) Building Code requirements GENERAL
and subsequent ACI standards with exceptions as approved by the Bureau's
Division of Design are used as a guide for canal structures. Design criteria
for bridges are covered in Chapter 9, Bridges, of this design standards .
.4 Most designs for canal structures are based on 3, OOO-psi strength concrete ALLOWABLE
and reinforcement with a specified minimum yield strength of 40, OOO-psi or STRESSES
3, 750-psi strength concrete and reinforcement with a specified minimum
yield strength of 60, 000 psi. Designs may be of the working stress or ulti-
mate strength methods. Figure 1 shows a method for designing a section
with combined bending and tension, and Figure 2 shows a method for design-
ing a section with combined bending and compression.
Reduced steel stresses are used to decrease cracks in the concrete, thereby
minimizing leakage. In rectangular boxes the reduced allowable reinforce-
ment stresses for bursting head only (measured from the center of the box)
are as follows:
Reduced Maximum
stress (psi) head (feet)
20,000 10
18,000 16
17,000 22
16,000 28
15,000 34
In monolithic pipe the reduced allowable reinforcement stresses for bursting
head only are as follows:
Reduced Maximum
stress (psi) head (feet)
16,000 50
14,000 75
12,500 125
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
47
for Structures
2.5
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN CRITERIA--Continued
ALLOWABLE Th€se reduced stresses are the maximum allowable for bursting regardless
STRESSES of the use of higher strength steels.
(Cont1d. )
BAR .5 Spacing of parallel bars should be shown on reinforcement drawings as center

SPACING to center of adjacent bars. ACI 318-63 defines the minimum center to center
spacings for parallel bars not in contact. The maximum reinforcement spac-
ing shall be twice the thickness of the member for stress bars and three times
the thickness of the member for temperature bars. In either case the maxi-
mum spacing is 18 inches with a preferred limit of 12 inches.
SPLICING .6 Lengths of splices for reinforcement bars are shown in Figure 3 or Figure 4
OF BARS as applicable. These lengths are for high-bond bars.
PROTEC- .7 Concrete protection for reinforcement is given in Chapter 8 of ACI 318-63,
TIVE COVER and in Figures 3, 4, and 5 of this chapter. The dimensions given are clear
cover, that is the outside of the bar to the surface of the concrete. However,
on all design or placing drawings, dimensioning of bar locations should be
given to the centerline of the bars unless otherwise noted. If a discrepancy
should exist between ACI 318-63 and Figures 3, 4, or 5 as to the amount of
protective covering, the greater protective cover indicated should govern.
Protective cover over reinforcement in the top face of concrete exposed to
scour shall be increased by one-half inch if the water velocity exceeds 10 feet
per second and an additional one-half inch for each increment of velocity of
10 feet per second.
BOND AND .8 Allowable bond and anchorage stresses shall be governed by ACI 318-63,
ANCHORAGE Chapter 13 for working stress design, and Chapter 18 for ultimate strength
REQUIRE- deSign. Tables 14a and 14b of the ACI "Reinforced Concrete Design Hand-
MENTS book" give the maximum allowable bond stresses for various conditions and
bar sizes.
SHEAR .9 Allowable shear stresses shall be covered by ACI 318-63, Chapter 12 and
REQUIRE- Chapter 17, for working stress design and ultimate strength design,
MENTS respectively.
MINIMUM .10 Except for very small structures, the following criteria shall be used to
OR TEM- determine the cross-sectional area of temperature or minimum reinforce-
PERATURE ment required in canal structures. The percentages indicated are based
RF.INFORCE- on the gross cross-sectional area, not including fillets, of the concrete
MENT to be reinforr:ed. Where the thickness of the section exceeds 15 inches,
a thickness C)£ 15 inches should be used in determining the temperature or
minimum reinforcement.
A. The minimum reinforcement for canal structures shall be No.4 bars
at 12 inches in all exposed faces and where reinforcement is placed in
a single layer, and No. 4 bars at 18 inches in unexposed faces with two-
layer reinforcement.
B. Single-layer reinforcement:
(1) Reinforced concrete linings 4 inches and less in
thickness with discontinuous wire-fabric reinforce-
ment and weakened planes at 12- to 15-foot
centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. 10 percent
(2) Slabs and linings not exposed to freeZing tempera-
tures or direct sun with joints not exceeding
30 reet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. 25 percent
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
48
for Structures
2.lOC
.(3) Slabs and linin9s exposed to freezing tem- MINIMUM
peratures or dlrect sun with joints not OR TEM-
exceeding 30 feet. . . . . . . . . . . . O. 30 percent PERATURE
REINFORCE-
(4) Slabs and linings exceeding 30 feet between joints MENT
Category (2) above . . . . . . . . . . . . O. 35 percent (Cont'd. )
Category (3) above . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.40 percent
(5) Walls and other structural members
Total percentage of horizontal reinforcement
to be equal to the sum of those required for
both faces as determined below.
C. Double-layer reinforcement:
(1) Face adjacent to earth with joints not exceeding
30 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. 10 percent
(2) Face not adjacent to earth nor exposed to freezing
temperatures or direct sun and with joints not
exceeding 30 feet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. 15 percent
(3) Face not adjacent to earth but exposed to freezing
temperatures or direct sun and with joints not
exceeding 30 feet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. 20 percent
(4) If member exceeds 30 feet in any direction parallel
to reinforcement, add to the reinforcement require-
ment in that direction because of the increased
length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. 05 percent
(5) If a slab is fixed along any line, double the dimension
from line of fixity to free end to determine whether rein-
forcement is within the less than 30 feet or more than
30 feet percentages shown under (1), (2), (3), and (4) above .
. 11 Minimum pin diameters for bent bars shall conform to the tabulation on the REINFORCE-
applicable Figure 3 or Figure 4. An adequate radius shall be provided to MENT BAR
prevent crushing of the concrete, when bends are made at points of high BENDS
stress (see Figure 6) .
. 12 Cantilever walls shall have a minimum thickness at the base equal to 1 inch MINIMUM
per foot of height (5 inches minimum) up to 8 feet; above 8 feet the minimum WALL
thickness at the base shall be 8 inches plus 3/4 inch for each foot in height THICKNESS
above 8 feet. In general, vertical wails over 8 feet high shall have two-
layer reinforcement. 'Transition buttresses normally have the following
thicknesses and reinforcement:
No. of
Height of Thickness of layers Size of Spacing of Location
buttress (feet) buttress <inches) of bars bars bars (inches) of bars
o to 10 8 1 No. 4 12 Center
10 to 15 10 1 No. 5 12 Center
15 to 20 12 1 No. 5 12 Center
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
49
Chap. 2 General Design Information CanCils and Related Structures
for Structures
2.13
CUTOFF . 13 Cutoffs are provided to reduce percolation around structures, to prevent
WALLS movement of structures, and to make transitionS more rigid. Cutoffs are
required at the ends of structure transitions in concrete-lined canals as well
as in other lined or earth canals. Cutoff walls should, in general, be a mini-
mum of 24 inches deep, measured perpendicular to the inside of the struc-
ture, for water depths up to 3 feet over the cutoff, 2 feet 6 inches for water
depths of 3 to 6 feet. and 3 feet for water depths over 6 feet. For some
small structures, 18-inch cutoffs may be satisfactory. The minimum con-
crete thickness should be 6 inches for 18- and 24-inch cutoffs, 8 inches for
2-foot 6-inch and 3-foot O-inch cutoffs. In soils that are unusually suscep-
tible to piping, the cutoff should be extended horizontally or vertically, or
both, to provide adequate protection against percolation. If minimum cutoffs
are specified, a note should be added requiring cutoff extension with unrein-
forced concrete as directed. This will permit deeper and wider cutoffs to be
used where excavation discloses poor soils without complicating reinforce-
ment cutting and bending. The vertical reinforcement in the cutoff is usually
the same as the longitudinal reinforcement in the transition floor. If only one
layer of reinforcement is used in a cutoff, the vertical reinforcement should
be placed in the center of the cutoff wall .
JOINTS IN . 14 Construction and contraction joints are often used in concrete and canal
STRUC- structures.
TURES
Construction A. Construction joints are joints which are purposely placed in structures
Joints to facilitate construction or whir-h or-cur in structures as a result of in-
adverten~ delays in concrete placing operations. Construction joints are
located to facilitate the contractor's operations, to reduce initial shrink-
age stresses and cracks, to allow time for the installation of embedded
metalwork, or to allow for the subsequent placing of other concrete,
backfill concrete, or second-stage concrete. Bond is required at con-
struction joints regardless of whether or not reinforcement is continuous
across the joint.
Contraction B. Contraction joints are joints placed in structures or slabs to provide for
Joints volumetric shrinkage of monolithic unit or movement between mono-
lithic units. The joints are so constructed that there will be no bond
between the concrete surfaces forming the joint. The joints are made
by forming the concrete on one side of the j oint and allowing it to set
before concrete is placed on the other side of the joint. The surface of
the concrete first placed at a contraction joint shall be coated with seal-
ing compound before the concrete on the other side of the joint is placed.
If steel bars or dowels extend across the joint, one end of the bar should
be coated or wrapped with paper to prevent bonding to the concrete. A
sponge-rubber elastic filler should be provided at the joint if expansion
is expected. Rubber waterstops with center bulb should be placed across
joints where it is necessary to prevent water from passing through the
joint. Plastic waterstops may be used in lieu of rubber waterstops for
low-head structures .
FILLETS . 15 Fillets are often used to provide increased strength or relieve stress concen-
trations at points of maximum stress, and to facilitate the placement of con-
crete. The sizes of fillets usually provided at the inside corners of box
sections and at the bases of vertical cantilever walls are as follows:
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
50
'[::'1 1 . : ,;';,l']"!l IX:~;irJn lru'"rrl!,crtiun
f" ,~' ,:l :'w 'tun,s
~:. lC
REINFORCED CONC1:ZETE DE0IGN CRITEI~Ifc --Ccnti!iueJ
FILLETS
Vertic:tl clear (Cant 'd. )
Size of Size of heiiJht of canti-
fillet (inches) box ser:tion (feet) lever wall (feet)
2 by ?, o to <1. 00
3 by 3 4.01 to 6.00 o to 8.00
4 by 4 6.01 to 8.00 8.01 to 12.00
6 by 6 Over 8.00 Over 12.00
Fillets may be omitted where Jbj (octic1n:, hIe; n the Jesiqn nf~ert;]in
structures.
. IF) Precast-concrete culvert pipe and ilTigati',)11 pipe designs shall be in accord- CONCRETE
ance with current, fcSTM sper:ificClticns. Precast-concrete pressure pipe PIPE
and cast- in -place CO:lc"ete pipe:lesi~l!l::, S'1') 11 ::onform with cur rent BureclU
standards.
LOADINGS
.17 OWin:j to the nature of some canal structures, unusual loading conditions GENERAL
often exist. The structures are subjected to changing effects such as foun-
dation reactions, temperature stresses, exposure conditions, frost heaving,
and varying earth and hydrostatic loadings.
.18 The commonly used dead-load weights, in pounds per cubic foot, are as DEAD
follows: LOADS
Water . 62.5
Dryearth . 100
CompClcted earth 120
Saturated earth 135
Concrete IbO
Some soils may require variations from the above weights. The horizontal
fluid pressure of dry earth is usually about 30 pounds per square foot per
foot of depth, and that of saturated earth is about 87.5 pounds per square foot
per foot of depth. Where the backfill slopes up from the structure, an addi-
tional horizontal for:::e is exerted on the wall. Figures'!, 8, and 9 may be
used for computing the horizontal earth pressure arid moment. Where con-
struction or operating equipment may come close to a structure or where
some slope fill may develop, a surcharge equal to 2 feet of dry earth is nor-
mally added, resultinJ ~,1 ar: addi ti anal r~orizorital pressure of 60 pounds per
square foot.
.19 Operating platforms where stoplogs are not used should be aesigned for a live LIVE
load of 100 pounds per square foot, and where stoplogs are used, 150 pounds LOADS
per square foot. In addition to the weight of the radial-gate hoists and equip-
ment, the operating platforms for radial gates should be designed for the
rated capacity of the hoist acting on either cable .
. 20 Designs for vertical walls without compClcted backfill must include the maxi- VERTICAL
mum expected internal water depth on the wall s. The internal w,iterload is WALL
reduced by the active dry-earth backfill load. The waterload can usually be LOADS
neglected when compacted backfill is placed against the opposite side of the
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
SI
for Structures
2. 21
LOADINGS--Continued
VERTICAL wall. If the wall is not backfilled, the design should be based on internal
WALL water to the_top of the wall, plus ice pressure where it may occur, and nor-
LOADS mal stresses used to resist the resultant moment. The backfill load must
(Cont'd. ) be considered regardless of compaction. If the backfill can become saturated,
the additional load must be used for design .
SLOPED . 21 Sloped walls are usually designed to be supported by the foundation upon which
WALLS it is placed. See Figure 10 for resulting pressures on sloped walls. But-
tress walls are often used for large transitions and the maximum loads from
both sides of the wall must be considered when determining how the walls
will be supported .
HIGHWAY . 22 Figure 11 shows loadings and distribution of loads commonly used for high-
AND way and railroad structures. Some State highway commissions and railroad
RAILROAD companies have special requirements and standards which must be followed
LOADS for structures on their right-of-way.
LOADS .23 Bureau of Reclamation Engineering Monograph No.6, "Stress Analysis of
ON Concrete Pipe, " by H. C. Olander, describes the loadings and a method of
CIRCULAR analysis for designing buried circular conduits. Also, ultimate load analysis
CONDUITS is being used as a method of designing precast and monolithic siphon barrels.
HYDRAULICS
FLOW .24 The Manning formula (Paragraph 1. 12) is generally used for designing canals
FORMULAS and related structures except in precast concrete pipe distribution systems.
Scobey's formula is generally used for precast concrete pipe distribution
system designs with the recommended value of C s given in the Bureau's
Hydraulic and Excavation Tables. These tables also include tabular solutions
for Manning's formula and many other tables which are useful in designing
canals and structures.
HEAD .25 The more common head losses are due to friction, transitions, bends, trash-
LOSS racks, and c:--tanges in cross-sectional area. The roughness coefficients for
unlined and :ined canals are given in Chapter 1.
Friction A. In open channel systems a roughness coefficient "n" of 0.014 is used for
Loss all monolithic-concrete structur8S except conduits. If constructed with
steel forms, monolithic-concrete pipe and tunnels use a roughness co-
efficier:t of 0.013. A roughness coefficient of 0.013 is also used for
precast c0Dcrete pipe. For closed distribution systems carrying clear
water, Scobey's formula is used. A coefficient of retardation, Ca, of
0.345 is Ilsed for pipe diameters 22 inches and smaller and a C s of
0.370 for pipe sizes 24 inches and greater.
T ransitions B. Transitions are generally used at the inlet and outlet of structures and
where changes occur in the water section. An accelerating water veloc-
ity usually occurs in inlet transitions and a decelerating velocity in out-
let transitions. The most common types of open transitions to closed
conduits are the streamlined warp, straight warp, and broken back.
("Broken back" refers to the intersection of the vertical and sloping plane
sClrface:c; on the sides of the transition; the type is also sometimes re-
ferred to as "Dog leg". )
Inlet tr"nslLr'ns for minimum hydraulic loss and smooth operation should
haVE 8 submF-:cgence or seal of 1. 5 (hvp - h vc ) or 3 inches minimum
mea;:3ul""d between the upstream water surface of the inlet transition and
the operl"1q in the transition headwall. Outlet transitions should have no
DS-3-5 - 12/8/6'(
52
for Structures
2.25C
HYDRAUllCS--Continued
submergence of the opening in the headwall. If the submergence exceeds Transitions
one-sixth of the depth of the opening at the outlet, the hydraulic loss (Cont'd. )
should be computed on the basis of a sudden enlargement rather than as
an outlet transition. The hydraulic loss in a transition will depend pri-
marily on the difference between the velocity heads at the open end of
the transition and at the normal to centerline section of the closed con-
duit at the headwall, or.~ hv . Coefficients of lih v considered adequate
for determining hydraulic losses in transitions are tabulated below.
Type of open transition to closed conduit Inlet Outlet
Streamlined warp to rectangular opening. 0.1 0.2
Straight warp to rectangular opening. . 0.2 0.3
Straight warp with bottom corner fillets
to pipe opening. . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.4
Broken back to rectangular opening 0.3 0.5
Broken back to pipe opening . . . . 0.4 0.7
Closed transition
Square or rectangular to round (maximum
an<;1le with centerline = 7-1/2°) 0.1 0.2
Open transitions to multiple closed conduits will involve some additional
hydraulic loss. Average friction loss should be adued for large transi-
tions, but it may be neglected for small transitions. The slope of the
floor on a broken-back outlet transition should be 6: 1 or flatter.
The maximum angle between the water surface and the centerline should
not exceed 27 -1/ 2° for inlet transitions and 22-1/2° for outlet transitions
for the best hydraulic conditions. In some structure designs it may
prove economical to use 25° to allow the same structure to be used for
both inlets and outlets. A 30° angle is often used on inlet transitions
with checks, in which case an additional loss is allowed for the check.
Designs should provide for a loss through most check structures of about
O. 5 times the difference in velocity head through the check opening and
the upstream canal section.
Where an inlet transition connects to a free-flow closed conduit in such
a way that the conduit inlet is sealed, the quantity of water that is passed
should be determined by the orifice equation. The head should be meas-
ured from the center of the opening to the inlet water surface and an ori-
fice coefficient of c = 0.6 should be used. A small correction factor is
theoretically required when the submergence is less than the height of
the opening. When the inlet to a long conduit may operate without seal-
ing, a hydraulic jump may occur that can result in blowback and undesir-
able operation. Figure 12 can be used to determine the probability of
blowbacks existing in any particular structure. Transitions to free-flow
conduits can have the control point anywhere between the inlet cutoff and
the headwall. If control at any flow is at the inlet cutoff, the upstream
channel must be protected from erosion or the design changed to move
the point of control to the transition.
C. The head loss in feet for bends in closed conduit may be computed from Bends
the formula,
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
53
for Structures
2. 25D
HYDRAU LICS--Continued
Bends
(Cont'd. )
h - Z(
b -,90
lL)
1/2 V
2g
Z
=(
V2
2g
where
Z = a coefficient based on radius of pipe bend and
diameter of pipe, and
{', = deflection angle of pipe bend.
~ may be obtained from Figure 13. Hinds head loss based on Z = 0.25
is also shown and, although conservative, it may be adequate for pre-
liminary estirr:ates. Figure 14 shows methods for computing compound
pipe bends.
Trashracks D. Trashrack losses may be estimated as follows:
Velocity through rack (ips) Loss in feet
1.0 0.10
1.5 0.30
2.0 0.50
More accurate losses may be obtained from Figure 15.
Piers E. The cumulative backwater effect of structure piers in the canal prism
shall be considered in the design of canals on very flat grades.
Miscellaneous F. Coefficients for use in the orifice formula for flow through submerged
tubes may be obtained from Figure 16. Figure 17 provides a quick
method of determining approximate critical depth in trapezoidal sections .
FREE- . 26 The freeboard for the end of transitions adjacent to hard-surface or buried-
BOARD membrane canal lining is usually the same as that of the lining. In unlined
and earth-lined canals, the minimwn freeboard at transition cutoffs for
siphons, tunnels, and similar structures should be as follows:
Water depth Minimum
at cutoff (feet) freebaard (inches)
o to 1. 25 6
1. 26 to 2.00 9
2.01 to 5.00 12
5.01 to 7.00 15
7.01 to 9.00 18
9.01 to 12.00 21
For small structures such as transitions connecting to 24-inch-diameter pipe

and smaller, the top of the transition walls may be level. For larger struc-
tures, the freeboard at the transition headwall should be greater than at the
cutoff; this difference in freeboard will increase as the size of the structure
increases.
Chapter 1 gives the recommended freeboard for canals. The earth bank free-
board should be increased 50 percent (1. 0 foot maximum) adj acent to siphons,
wasteways, and chesks without overflows, to prevent washouts at these loca-
tions due to more floodwater being taken into the canal than allowed for in
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
54
for Structures
2. 27
HYDRAU LICS- -Continued
designs or by improper operation. The increased freeboard is to be 2X- FREEBOARD
tended away from the structure to a point where the least damage due to (Cont'd. )
overtopping will occur, or a minimum distance of bO feet.
. 27 Where water is confined in an area above a point of relief, such as above PERCOLATION
a check structure, there is a tendency for the water to flow along the struc-
ture or through the earth to the lower point of relief. The type of structure
and the nature of the soil will govern the amount and rate of the flow. The
percolation factor should be at least 2.5:1 as computed by Lane's weighted
creep method, and 3.5: 1 on a straight path. Straight path factors of 5: 1 are
common. Larger factors may be required where warranted by the type of
soil or importance and type of structure.
The percolation path may be increased by adding length or cutoff walls to
most structures. Cutoff walls must be far enough apart to prevent a short
circuit between the ends of the cutoffs. The cutoffs must be so spaced that
the actual distance between the cutoffs will be at least one-half the weighted
creep distance along the structure between the ends of the cutoffs. For com-
puting weighted creep distance, the horizontal distance is considered to be
one-third as effective as the vertical distance .
. 28 All structures must be checked for stability. Especially, small check struc- OVER-
tures often require additional length to prevent overturning or sliding for TIJRNING
maximum upstream and minimum downstream water surface. The sliding AND
factor, defined as the ratio of the horizontal forces to the total weight re- SLIDING
duced by uplift, should not exceed O. 35 for most conditions. Cutoff walls
may be added to increase the sliding resistance.
.29 A treatment of hydraulic jump and critical depth and their application to HYDRAULIC
design is given in Appendix A to this chapter, which is a reprint of an article JUMP
by Julian Hinds entitled "The Hydraulic Jump and Critical Depth in the Design
of Hydraulic Structures." See also Figures 17, 18, and 19.
RIPRAP
.30 Riprap protection is often used adjacent to structures and at other locations GENERAL
in earth-surfaced canals where erosion may occur. The local conditions
must be considered in determining the type and amount of protection to be
provided. These conditions include the cost of riprap, cost of gravel, danger
to structures and crops or to human life should scour occur, rodent protec-
tion, type of soil, and velocity of water. In areas where riprap and gravel
are scarce, consideration should also be given to stockpiling riprap under
the construction contract for later use by operation and maintenance forces.
The following protection requirements are to be used as a guide only. Types
of protection are identified herein for convenience in discussing the protection
requirements. The types shown represent minimum sizes and amounts of
material to be used, and adjustments should be made to meet the local condi-
tions mentioned above.
Type 1--6-inch coarse gravel
Type 2--12-inch coarse gravel
Type 3--12-inch riprap and 6-inch sand and gravel bedding
Type 4--18-inch riprap and 6-inch sand and gravel bedding
Except for cross-drainage structures, Type 3 minimum protection should be
used where velocities exceed 5 feet per second, regardless of depth.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
55
for Structures
2.31
RIPRAP- -Continued
SIPHONS . 31 The following protection is considered minimum for siphons and tunnels in
AND earth-surfaced canals:
TUNNELS
d = water depth adjacent
to structure (feet) Inlet Outlet
o to 2.00 None None
2.01 to 3.50 None Type 1
3.51 to 7.00 Type 1 Type 2
7.01 to 10.00 Type 2 Type 3
WaleI' depths over 10 feet require special consideration.

Protection called for on inlets may be omitted if the velocity
is less than 2.5 feet per second.
Where protection is required on inlets, length = d
(3.0 feet minimum).
Where protection is required on outlets, length = 2. 5d
(5.0 feet minimum).
PARSHALL .32 The following protection is considered minimum for Parshall flumes, checks,
FLUMES, check drops, inclined drops, chutes, and closed -conduit drops with control
CHECKS, section on concrete, that is, where critical depth does not occur off the con-
CHECK crete. Where critical depth may occur off the concrete, the next higher type
DROPS, of protection should be used at the inlet.
INCLINED
DROPS, d = water depth adjacent
CHUTES, to stru~ture (feet) Inlet Outlet
AND
CLOSED- . o to 2.00 None Type 2
CONDUIT 2.01 to 3.50 None Type 2
DROPS 3.51 to '7.00 Type 1 Type 3
'7.01 to 10.00 Type 2 Type 4
Water depths over 10 feet require special consideration.

ProtecllOn called for on inlets may be oIlllitted if velocity
is less than 2. 5 feet per second.
Where protection is required on inlets, length = d
(3.0 feet minimum).
Length of protection on outlets = 2. 5d (5.0 feet minimum).
Where turbulent water may occur at the outlet, the length
of prolection should be increased to 4d.
Gates or stoplogs near the outlet increase turbulence.
TURNOUTS .33 Protection is not required on the inlets to most small turnouts. If the turnout
capacity is C,(j Oi;r.'.ent or more of the capacity of the canal, the protection
recommended iOl' siphon inlets should be used. Protection at the outlets of
turn01Jts sho,Jld ;" the same as for siphons, based on the water depth in the
lateral ad,i8r ;er.i ~., L~,e::mtlet transition.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
56
for Structures
2.34
RIPRA P- -C ontinued
. 34 The following protection is considered minimum for cross-drainage struc- CROSS-
tures with concrete transitions. DRAINAGE
STRUCTURES
Q (ds) Inlet Outlet Outlet lenqth (feet)
o to 30 None Type 2 8
31 to 90 None Type 2 12
91 to 240 Type 1 Type 3 16
241 to 600 Type 2 Type 4 22
Capacities over 600 cubic feet per second require special

consideration.
Where the conduit slope is steep enough to produce a velocity
over 15 feet per second at the end of the conduit, use the pro-
tection type for the next higher discharge (Type 3 minimum).
Where special energy dissipators are provided at the outlet,
such as baffled outlets, the protection may be reduced or
eliminated as local conditions warrant.
PIPE EARTHWORK
.35 Details of earthwork for pipe used in connection with open irrigation systems GENERAL
are shown in Figures 20 through 28. Details of earthwork for pipe used in
closed distribution systems are shown in Figure 29.

CONVEYANCE SYSTEMS
.36 In the design of individual structures as well as complete systems considera- GENERAL
tion should be given to automatic and/or remote controls. A dependable
source of power is required to operate the conveyance facilities and the com-
munication system. Auxiliary emergency power units are often placed at key
points .
. 37 The need for obtaining frequent information about water stage and rates of MEASURING
flow in distribution systems and for obtaining information from inaccessible STATIONS
stations has made remotely monitored stations necessary on some projects.
The capability to be built into a particular water measuring station will de-
pend upon the known and anticipated requirements of the project. In some
cases, a local record of the water stage on a strip recorder will be sufficient,
'while in other cases complete information of water stage, rates of flow, and
other parameters must be transmitted to a control center .
. 38 Gates are automated to control and maintain a water stage either upstream GATE
or downstream of the gate. The very basic components of an automatic gate CONTROLS
are: a water stage sensor, a means of converting this information to com-
mands, and the necessary mechanization to move the gate as commanded.
In open flow waterways, the location or elevation of the water surface can be
determined mechanically by a float or electrically with a probe. Then by
having the float or probes activate electric circuits, the gate can be raised
or lowered as required to retain the desired water surface elevation. Auto-
matic gate controls should be considered for use with gates on structures
such as diversion dams, canal headworks, and canal checks.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
57
Chap. 2 General Design Information CanCl.ls and Related Structures
for Structures
2.39
CONVEYANCE SYSTEMS--Continued
SUPER- .39 Data such as reservoir elevation, pipeline pressures, canal flow depths, and
VISORY gate and valve positions may be transmitted to a control center by means of
CIRCUITS supervisory circuits. Gates and valves may be opened, closed, or adjusted,
AND and pumps started or stopped by means of remote control. It is possible
REMOTE with adequate supervisory circuits and remote controls to operate a distribu-
CONTROLS tion system from a control center. The mode of communication is either
radio or wire.
SAFETY . 40 Automatic closure of gates or stopping of pumps may be incorporated in a
FEATURES system to provide for protection of the canal against excessive flows. Alarms
at a central control are sometimes incorporated with the supervisory circuits
to warn of impending dangers to the system.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
58
Canals and Related Structure::; Ch~lp. :2 C(:ncral Desiqn Information
f(II' SLructu res
APPENDIX f,--THE HYDRAULIC JUMP
The Hydraulic Jump and Critical Depth in the Design

of Hydraulic Structures
How Established Principles May Be Applied to the Design of Canals and Other Works-A Study
Based on the Laws of Conservation of Energy and of Linear Momentum
By JULIAN HINDS
EnhirH'.~r, to ~; H~'dalllalion Sl'rvice. Dt'nvt'r, Col.
T HE hydraulic jump and the critical depth have

recently come to be recognized as factors of con-
siderable imporlance in the design of open channels
Critical vclOC'ity.
Weight of a. C'ubic unIt of "-ater.
Ratio 01 T to d for a triangular C'hannf'1.
As a fundamental basis for discussion it will be
and related hydraulic structun's. An excellent tech- necessary to accept the law of the conservation of
nical discussion of this subject will be found in the energy and the law of the conservation of linear
Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engi- momentum. The former law will appear as Bernoulli's
neers, Vol. LXXX, p. 338, in a paper on "The Hydraulic theorem, i.e., the elevation of the water surf~e at
Jump in Open Channel Flow," by Karl R. Kennison, any point in a channel plus the velocity head at that
with discussions by a number of prominent engineers. point is equal to the same functions at any other point,
Also, Messrs. Ward, Riegel and Beebe in "Technical plus (or minus) intervening losses. Using the notation
Reports, Part III," issued hy the Miami Conservancy already given and as shown in Fig. 1 and taking the
District, in 1917, present lJottom of the canal at B as datum, this relation may
an interesting discussion 5. be expressed th us:
of the problem, and sub-
mit valuable experimental
h v••
h. da+ +
hVac,~ d" !lv. h, +(1) +
data on the action of the p,~ ~- .y~ ;t,u,r
There is no exception to this rule and it is independent
~ Vb~ "t>
jump below reservoir out- ~':l L5~'"rT1"n',~,n,:.J,rT.T7.rr'",?"" -;-Pt> of the form or slope of channel, or of channel changes
let works. E. W. Lane, • occurring lJetween the two points.
in Proceedings of the The second law requires that the momentum of a
FIn. I STEADY FLOW WITH
American Society of Civil CIL\NGING VELOCITY. UNI- system of particles, considered collectively, cannot be
Engineers, Dec e m b er, f'OR~I CHANNEL altered by the particles impinging upon each other, but
1919, discusses the occur- can only be changed lJy the influence of an external
lence of the hydraulic jump in connection with exper- force. The change produced in momentum depends
.mental work on flow through contractions. upon the magnitude of the external force and its dura-
It is not the intention of this paper to add to the tion. Stated simply, the law requires that force must
fundamental theories already advanced, but an attempt equal rate of change of momentum or that force is
...ill be made to show how the established principles equal 10 rna,s times acceleration. If the ~celeration
may be applied to the design of canals and canal struc- between two stations as A and B, Fig. I, be uniform,
tures. the relation may be written
It is assumed throughout this discussion that the
MV.-- MV.
kinetic head is truly represented hy the velocity head F = .- -- y---- (2)
as computed from the mean velocity.
Practically all formulas previously proposed for the where F equals force, MV a and MV b are the momentum
;lOlution of hydraulic jump problems are limited to at A and B respectively and t is '·.e time through
rectangular sections. While such a limitation simplifies which F is applied. If F' is the force acting on a unit
the computations it in no way simplifies the funda- volume of water, of weight W, then from equation (2)
mental conceptions, and an attempt will be made to
keep the discussion general. F' = ~ (Vb - Va) (3)
The notation used herein is as follows: The total force acting on Q units per second for time
A = Areaofwaterprism=j(d). t will be
b = WKlth of rectanlular channel.
d = Depth of ",.. aler in any channel.
dl. d,. d., etc. = Depth of w&ler at Stations I, 2, A. et.e. F = F'Qt = QW (Vb - Va) (4)
de = Critical depth 9
F "" Force produ('mg change in momentum. Fig. 2 shows graphically the relation existing between
I( ef) = A = .-\rea of waler prism.
f'(ef) = T = Fint deriutive of A with respect tad the energy of flow (depth plus velocity head). the
1/ =" AcceleratIon of gravity
+ hr. momentum and the depth for a given discharge in a
H
It, =
=
II,::
En('rllYorflow ~ J
rail in energy gradient
Falll~ bottom
=
of channel.
friction (or otber) loa. given channel. This diagram is not affected by the
l.' = Yeloc,ty ht'sd. slope or roughness of the channel, and is independent
M:a..hra.h'b,t'tc, = Yelocity~ead8atS.tations I,A,B.etc. of the method of producing or maintaining flow. The
hre"'" Veloc,ty head for ('lltlcal \:eloclly
L = Distance bt'tween consecutive stations diagram is constructed to scale for 150 sec.-ft. flowing
M = Mass. in the irregular channel shown in Fig. 3. The lower
P = Hydroi>tatiC' prf'ssurp on '"ertiC'81 plane across the water pri:!ID. the Uilit
fOH'C being the \",,·.ght of a l'uLl\- UllIl of '-\It.lcr. of the two curves is ohtained by platting values of
Pl,P'l,P.,etc_ = \'.luesofPat:~tation!"I,2,A,etc.
'J = Dlac:h.rle in cubic units pn second. d + hv over ~orresponding values of d, and may be
~ "" Slope of {'nergy gnuiient. called the energy curve, since it represents the energy
1': ~rJ7ho~f~h:~:::~~:·atf'rsurfacf'. of flow corresponding to various depths, the bottom of
t = Time inter".l. the cana; being taken as datum. Values of V and hv
V z, Yelocity.
l-"l. V'll 1"., l"b' etc. -= YdOi.'itiC's at Stations 1.2, A, B. etc. may be found for any depth by computing or planimeter-
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
59
for Structures
APPENDIX A--THE HYDRAULIC JUMP--Continued
ing the area.. It will be observed that there ia one which must hold if a change in depth occurs under the
point, C, on the curve for which the value of d ..!- hv influence of the external forc~ P. and P, only.
is a minimum. The depth, d" corresponding to this
point is called the critical depth. If flow is taking place The momentum curve in Fig. 2 gives values Q V
o
+P
at any depth, do, other than dc, there will be a corre-
for various values of d. The abscisllZ are the same as
sponding depth, d., having the same value of d hv. +
The depths do and dv will be called alternative energy
depths or alternative energy stages.
used for the energy curve and values 9g V + P are
Let Fig. 4 represent the profile of a portion of a ahown on the right. For a given depth there is always
channel of uniform cross-section having functions as
represented in Fig. 2. Then from the energy curve,
Fig. 2, it appears that the depth at S may be either do
one other depth having an equal value of QV
a
+ P,
or do and that it may be made to change from one this point falling in all cases beyond the critical depth.
of these depths to the other at will, provided some Therefore, for any depth of flow there is always another
means for making the change without depressing the depth which we will call the alternative momentum
energy line through the point C be supplied. stage, to which the flow may change without the inter-
Such a change in depth with no loss of energy, how- vention of an external force. Such a change, however,
ever, involves a change in momentum and can only be requires a change in the energy of flow.
Since for a given change in depth the change in
~-~-t.f- i- -
I
9 + hv is not proportional to the change in QV +P
~,~l
d
a
• I/. 5l it follows that a change in depth cannot occur without
8 h';J
+., L :Sf ll:' the introduction of some factor to preserve a balance.
~ \
,11&t
1/.1/. ."
A change between alternative energy stages without
1088 may be effected b~' the application of all external
~ 7
\ I~
I -e-E I~',: i I~
~_
force only, and a change between alternative momentum
stages may be accomplished by a change in energy onl~·.
\I~~bf-l!
r: I:: '_L-~_~
~~ f,f' h v'l All other changes in depth, involving a change in
velocity, require both an external force and a change
_. - ' ' .i---1-- 1,;_ _ _
"c.
",.- --ra's
-- do --- ~~ -- ' I::~o
"r.' f,~ ~fJ
in energy.
~\~ ---~i[f,b~~ - 50
There are numerous causes which may produce ;1
- -trFK -- ---~f-~~ ~
4 __ --J'dg __ __
change in stage in a canal, but if the channel is
I
, :0 - '-
- - - r,L~~~'
:<. __
-
.
Crit,,;a/
lJerll-de
I
, - 1--
I
,~-
, I
:
;-.-
I
~':-
$EW-"
.:'
.:
"I
:
•
:
tV
30
.,f"
straight, of uniform cross-section and roughness, an:!
free from obstructions, changes in stage are generall~'
caused by changes in grade. An analysis of a simple
case will be made to show where changes may ht·
:V oJ)
expected.. Let Fig. 5 be the profile of a canal of uni-
I
:
r-----'-j-~
I
------+---.:--.-.-..--t-
' I
0~
I
I ~~ ~
.: H-~I !>.
-t-~ G,'
.f'1:
. I
:
~- 'ti - - - - - - 2 0
I
.,....-
'
~1_..c:::1
~
I
~
>
.
Q.
.-
form cross-section. Let the slopes to the left of 1\
and to the right of N be sufficient to maintain flow at
1 \~¥/ :: I ~,; 'til 'I I : +
normal depths, d; and d., respectively, both greater
~-~~ :-rl }i rt-r-:-r- c-r--r---i- Q. than the critical depth, the slope between K and .V
-il,cl',--r-'+-fH i f!-Hi-f4?-,kcls-:-/;'
i I : , :: !: I t"hannel in
10
being sufficient to maintain a normal depth, d less
M ,
than the critical. Let I be a 8ufficient distance upstream

\/'I I I ;",:,
,'. , i V ~
(;g'~-'-I 0
from K not to be affected by the "drawdown," and let
M be sufficiently far below K for uniform flow to be
a < 3 ~ Q 7
established. Flow at I will he at high stage while at M
Depth ;n Feet
it will be at low stage. Somewhere between it must
FIC. 'l RELATION UETWEE:-; E:-;ERGY OF FLOW.
)IO)IE:-ITV.\I .~:-;D DISCHARGE pass through the critical depth.
Before proceeding to locate the point of passage it
effected by the intervention of some external force. will be well to investigate the properties of the "energy
The required force may be supplied by gravity, friction, gradient" shown on the profile. This gradient is
unbalanced pressures or by a combination of these determined by plotting the velocity head above the
factors. water surface at all points. At a given point the total
In Fig. I, let P,. be the hydrostatic pressure on the energy, i.e., the sum of the 8tatic and kinetic energies.
plane of the cross-section at A, P, being the corre- is represented by the elevation of this line. It follow8
~ponding pre~sul'e at B, and let F" equal friction, or from Bernoulli's theorem that the fall in this gradient
any other external force applied between A and B. between any two points repre~ents the sum of all losses
From (4). taking W = ! occurring betwe£;n the two points. The slope of this
line at any point represents the slope required to over
Q (l'. - V.) = r. -- i', + F" 151 come friction and other losses at that point. The
fI energy gradient lan never rise in absolute elevatior:
If the chAnge in depth OCCLr w.thO'.t the intervention in the direction of flow, since there can be no inlrea,,'
'·1 the force F". then equatu)[I (,5) ~lacing F" = u and in energy. The distance from an~' point on the energ..
t ranapoaiDg gives the rel.twn
gradient vertically downward to the bottom of the lanai
(6)
is d +1n'. It will be dear from Fig. 2 that th"r~
will in all laSes De tWII ""ier uepth, correspondinl( t·,
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
60
for Structures
. H#,h is insufficient to overcome friction at that depth. The
F excess of the frictional resistance over the force due
______
-~-~~(J.-~
-,
iJ~-~=r=':{~r
: m}J+mlmJmll»7~
_ _>:.-"1
C1<o
0 5
to the slope of the bottom of the channel produces
a retarding force tending to reduce 'the velocity and
momentum of flow and causing the depth to gradual1y
increase, the velocity head and the depth plus velocity
head being decreased to supply the energy necessary to
'IG.3 'IG.4 overcome friction.
FIG. S. SHOWING SUBDIVISIONS FOR COMPUTING AREAS If this gradual rise in water surface be aasumed to
AND PRESSURES. FIG. 4. ALTERNATEl STAGES continue, along the dotted line YZ in the figure, until
the normal depth is reached at Z, there will be some
any possible energy gradient. It is also evident that point, as at S, where the depth is equal to the critical
the energy gradient cannot be brought to within less depth. Since d + hv is a minimum at S and is not a
than a certain minimum distance from the bottom of minimum at Z it follows that the available friction
the canal, the two corresponding depths becoming equal slope from S to Z must be less than the canal slope.
at that point. The gradient will generally be a con- But the velocity from S to Z is greater than the normal
tinuous line and can make an abrupt change in height velocity, hence the required friction slope is greater
or slope only where a sudden loss occurs. An example
of sudden loss, caused by an abrupt change in stage,
is shown at 0, Fig. 5. SlrCalled suddelJ changes in
open channels are actually more or less extended, but
for simplicity they are assumed in all computations to
be instantaneous.
Returning to Fig. 5, the water surface must pass
through the critical depth between I and K, at K or
between K and M. Assume the passages to occur at hi
some point J above K. The energy gradient must under 511"'* d"" fr>./ .. '"
_/A"9/p~ iii 0 " co
this assumption drop down at J to a minimum height
FIG. 5. CHANGES OF STAGE IN UNIFORM CHANNEL
above the bottom of the channel. Therefore, the fric-
tion slope from J to K cannot be steeper than the
slope of the base of the canal, and, since the slope of than the canal slope, and the depth cannot change from
the canal is only sufficient to maintain flow at the d. at S to d. at Z. It is necessary that the water
normal depth, d., which is greater than the critical depth change, between Nand Z, from d. to d•• but it
depth, the energy available is not sufficient to overcome must not at any point have the intermediate depth do
friction losses from J to K and maintain flow at or nor in fact any depth for which d +
hv is leas than
below the critical depth. Hence the critical depth at Z. The change occurs suddenly through what is
cannot exist at any point above K. If the passage known as the hydraulic jump, from some low-stage
occurs at some point, L, below K the water surface depth to the depth d.. The depth d. and the low-stall'e
from K to L must be at or above the critical, the depth at R. where the energy gradient for the \-.rater
velocity will be less than normal, and therefore the surface YZ intersects the normal energy gradient, are
friction slope will be flatter than the canal slope; that alternate energy depths, similar to d. and do in Fig. 2,
is, the value of d + hv at L will be greater than at and if the jump involved no loss of energy it would
occur at that point. Referring to Fig. 2 it will be
K, whereas if the critical depth occurred at L it should
be less. Therefore, the passage cannot occur below K. seen that in order for the change to occur at R there
If the point of passage is at K, d +
hv will increase
must be an increase in P + qV. similar to the change
from K to M and the fall in the gradient will be less (J
than the fall in the canal grade. This is logical since from D to T. Such a change in momentum requires
the velocity is less than the normal velocity. The fall the application of an external force. The only external
in the energy gradient from I to K will be greater forces available aside from p. and P, are the forces of
than the fall in the canal grade, to balance the increase gravity acting through the canal slope and resistance
in friction due to velocities in excess of the normal due to friction. These tend to neutralize each other
velocities. The point of critical flow will, therefore, and are negligible in amount. Therefore, F" in equation
come at K. (5) may be assumed to be zero, equation (6) must
No reference has been made to values of the slope hold, and the jump cannot occur at R, but must take
from K to N except to state that it is sufficient to
maintain flow at a depth less than the critical. As long place at some earlier stage where P + ~V is equal
as this slope is sufficient to support flow at a normal
depth equal to or less than the critical depth, it may to the final value of that function. This requirement
be varied at will without affecting flow conditions apparently conflicts with Bernoulli's theorem, but there
above K. For this reason K is called a control. is automatically introduced a disturbance which pro-
Flow to the right of M will be uniform at the depth duces an internal loss of proper magnitude to pre~erve
d., until the flatter slope at N is encountered. For the equilibrium of equation (1). The low-stage depth
simplicit; the loss through shock due to the vertical at the jump will be d,,, corresponding to the point D
angle at N is neglected. In actual construction this on the momentum curve in Fig. 2. The loss of energy
angle, if sharp, would be relieved br a vertical curve in the jump is equal to (d. +
hv.) - (d. +
h1i.).
to reduce the shock. Flow to the right of N cannot This Joss is unavoidable for a change in stage in a
continue at the depth d.... since the slope of the canal channel of constant cross-section and falling grade.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
61
Chap. 2 General Design Information C>m:lls and !\elated Structures
for Structures
By properly adjusting the shape or vertical alil'!nmpnt

of the channel additional external forces may be intro-
duced, and the Jump, with the attendant loss of head,
may be reduced or eliminated, a<' will be pointed out
later.
The two curves in Fig. 2 approach each other
indefinitely to the left of C, while to the right of C
they diverge rapidly. A little study of these curves
will show that for small heights of jump the loss jA
approaches zero, but that the loss of head increases (a) Pienty of fori. but nume Overflo" in')
rapidly as the height of jump increases. For example, Pe(Cluse of Improper Lawhon of Control
in Fig. 2, if the jump OCcurs from d =, 2.5 to d
3.38 the loss in depth will be from d =" 3.47 to cl-= 3.3R
or 0.09 ft. The corresponding energy loss is about
0.05 ft. If the jump occurs from d = 2 ft. to d ~
4 ft., the loss in depth will be from 5 ft. to 4 ft. or
1 ft., the energy loss being 5.17 - 4.33 = 0.84 ft.
If the jump occurs from d = 1.75 ft. to d = 4.55 ft.
the loss in depth will be 6.30 - 4.55 = 1.75 ft. and
the energy loss will be 6.40 - 4.80 = 1.60. Taking
the discharge as 150 sec.-ft. this last loss requires
the continuous destruction of energy equivalent to (b) Inlet altered to umlrol <>, A;
Flume loacJln9 properly
about 27 horsepower.
FI<;. 6 Y \ J{ 1.\ T~I.E ('H()~~-SEiIIO:'\:--; \' \ ~ .\L TO FI.ll'tE
After the depth, d,,, from which the jump will take FOH TR.\SSJTH)' FHO.\l 1111;11 Tl) ],(),,' STAr.E
place has been determined the location of the jump may
be obtained by finding the point at which ftow will News-Record, .Jan. :1, 1n1H, p. :\8. If in the design of
be retarded to that depth. This point may be conven- a ch:tnnel it is found that the depth i:-; ;It or near
iently found from the following eljuation, derived from the critical the :,hape or :,Iope of the channel should.
Fig. 1; if practicable, he chang-ed to ."erure greater stabilit\.
Ls v + Ii. + hv, = d, + hVI, + LSI (7) Usually the critIcal ,·elocity can be chanl:ed by wIden Ill;!
or narrowing the cbannel, or the normal velocil\ h\
By assuming values for d, and d ,. all functions at A altering the slope. I f such changes are not practHable.
and B can be comt>uted, including the friction slopes. liberal freehoard should be allowed, and extreme "are
If the canal slope, s" be known and if the friction should be used in construction to se~UJ'e uniformity ill
slope from A to B, be assumed equal to the average of grade and cross-section.
the slopes at these points, all factors in equation (7), Chanres in stag-e which occur at tran~iti()1J~ l)f>tweell
except L, become known and L is readily found. canals and flumes! tunnel~ or other hig-h-velnclt.v con·
Equation (7) is applicable to any variable flow. The duits, where the cross-section of thp channel is variahle.
only approximation involved is in the assumption that involve only the prInciples already discus.sed. hnt adul-
the average slope is equal to the average of slopes at tional factors are Introollced whIch atfcct thc math-
the computed points. By assuming depths sufficiently ematical treatment. It will be convenIent to consider
close together the error from this source can be reduced these transitions under six hearlings, as deternllned III
as far as desired. However, ordinary friction formu- the stages between which chanKes occur, as follnws:
Ire are not known to apply accurately to variable flow (a) Changing from high stage to low stage. increas-
and extreme refinement in computation is not justified. ing velocity.
The friction slope may be determined by Kutter's for- (b) Changing from one low stage to another.
mula, or by any other friction formula. This equation increasing velocity.
should not be applied through a control section or a hy- (c) Changing from one high stage to another.
. draulic jump, but may be used to find the water surface increasing velocity.
at J, L or N, Fig. 5, or above a check or dam. (d) Changing from low stage to high stage, reduc-
The changes in canal slope at points K and N, Fig. ing velocity.
,5, are purposely assumed to be great, so that the (e) Changing from one low stage to another,
changes in stage will be marked, but when the normal reducing velo,-'ity.
depth is near the critical, troublesome fluctuations are (f) ChanKinK from one hiKh staKe to another,
often produced by very slight unintentional irreg- reducing velocit,·.
ularities in the channel. The fluctuations in such cilses Case (a) is similar to the example presented lt1 the
appear to be out of all proportion tn the offending discussion of Fig. 5, anu by arguments already used It
irregularities. This is due to the fact that in the can be shown that the c'lntrol section cannot be abov('
\'ieinity of C, Fig. 2, the momentum and energ,' cun'cs A or helow H, ill Fig. G, AR heing a variable tran~l
are approximately horizontal so that if the amount of lion hetween a canal anel a ftume. To locate the point
energy cd + 11.-) required at a gi\'en point is changed of control plot a rninimurn l.::'nergy line, a:-: shown 111
slightl,', a comparatiwl,· gre<lt change in depth must Ia I and il,!, Fii!. (; Th" line is ohtained b.v plottlnl~
OCcur to presen-e a balance. The pos.slhilit,· of troulJle the mirlllllum ,·alllc> nf d t- Ii,. abo\'e the can,,1 bottom.
from this source is di,cussed u,· .J. S. Long,,·eli In an and It reprp...:cnfs the minimum pos~lbJe elevation Id
article on "Flow Conditions, (ongo Low Line Flumc. the eller-g.' gradient at an:I jJoint. The ~;(.::ual l'm:rg'
:\orth Platte Project," publi:,hed in the f:rc!nl//Illi"" ~radjellt canllot fali lJ€!(".... thi~ line <.1I"'.d If the t\\'(J
Rectll'd, August, In17. and reprinted ill F"~/"'" ''''.'1 gradlent'- intel":"'e<.:t it mu~t be <.Jt tht: hlghe~t flt'lllt Oil
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
62
Canals alid 1'\e18 ted Stnldures C h~lp. ~ Gellcr;!l Design Inform2.'ion
for Structures
APi'ENDIX l:--THE iTxTIBAULlC JUMP--Colltinued
the minimum line. Hence, in Fig. h (a), although

there is apparentl~· sufficient drop from the nflrmal
water surface in the canal to that in thp flnml'. the
;'1umc will overflow hpcause of the ineorred loeation
(J' tne control. The drop which should produce wlocit~·
hean is usen up in friction throug"h the lowering" of
the water surface in the canal. By humping the bottom,
as in (h), to bring the minimnm energy line at the
upper end of the tral1~ition into coincidence with the
normal energy gradient, the trouble is avoi,h'd. Racing
in the canal is prevented h,' the throttling effect of
the control at II. The same effect Ca!1 he secured, if
desired, hy narrowing the section at A, rather than hy
raising the grade. The inlet structure may he made
to act as an automatic check h~' shapin!!" it so that
the head required to pass any Quantity of water at the
critical depth is equal to the normal hean in the canal
above for that quantity. It is theoretically po,"ible
to construct such a control check so that it will exactly
control all quantities of flow in a given channel, but
it is sufficient, for all practical purposes, to design the
structure to fit exactly for two discharges, usually full
discharge and one-fourth discharge, as in the case of
a notched drop.
In changing from one low stage to another, having
a greater velocity (case b) it is possible, by contracting
FH:." .Jl·~lJ'. ',"ITII \".\ItYI:":r. c~}-L\:\':--;EL ~ECTION A;..:n
the channel or by raising the bottom, or both, to force l:(YT'TO\, SI.OPf<~
the water "urface up to the critical depth and under
extreme conditions a jump may be produced within the for the tunnel dropped below the summit of the min-
transition or in the canal above. Such a contingency is, imum energy line. and the flow passed to low stage at
however, remote and ordinarily this type of transition E, causing a jump to occur just below the end of the
will not be effected by the critical depth or the hydraulic transition, The transition should have been propor-
jump. tioned to keep the summit of the minimum energy line
The transition from one high stage to ::.nother, having below the lowest po~sible position of the energy
a higher velocity (ease c) is often accompanied by !!"radient at F. The jump was particularly objectionable
disturbances attributable to an incorrect control. Fig. at this location, and was eliminated by bolting cross
timbers to the bottom of the channel, thus increasing
the friction and bringing the energy gradient up to its
computed position.
Transition from low stage to high stage, (case d)
may be accomplished either with or without the
hydraulic jump. Unless the section of the channel is
properly varied or the bottom "humped" the jump is
inevitable. Fig. 8 represents a transition in which the
\'ariation in channel section is not sufficient to avoid
the jump. The energy gradient for low stage is com-
CANAL
TRANSITION
puted from A toward E, using equation ( 1), the
TUNNEL gradient for high stage being computed backwards,
from E toward A, in the same way. After these
/7)),'J/'/ll7/~?)/)? , . ~ gradients and their corresponding depths are found
I E ','n", ...., ,
values of QV + P for the two stages are computed,
?
FIr.. ';' F.\I"!:ry'Vr\KI·; ll.,\1': Illt;11 :--;T\I;I·: Ttl \-"';OTHEH and plotted to any convenient scale and datum, The
jump must occur where this function is equal for the
7 represents to an exaggerated scale a faulty. design two depths, or at B, the intersection of the plotted
rccentl~' prepared b~' the writer for a transition from a lines. By varying the cross-section or the elevations
,egmental open channel to a circular tunnel. The of the flume, transition or canal, the location of the
h\ draulics for this transition were computed at 2-ft. intersection, B, may be varied at will. If this point
intervals and no discrepancies were found. However, falls to the left of A the jump will occur in the flume
liberal allowance was made for transitions and friction and may cause it to overflow, If it falls to the right of
los"es, and a "safe" coemc ient of roughnes" was used E the jump will occur in the canal section where the
to determine the depth in the tunnel. After construc- resulting disturbances may be cbjectionable.
tion it was found that transition losses were negligible If the transition in Fig. 8 be so altered that the
and that the normal depth in the tunnel immediately minimum energy line at D becomes tangent to the two
below the entrance was considerably less than the energy gradients at their point of intersection, tbe two
assumed normal depth. As a result the energy gradient gradients automat ically changing to become tangent te
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
63
for Structures
APPENDIX A--THE HYDRAUUC JUMP--Continued
with that from below, but the high position of th~

minimum-energy line at J limits the draw down. A~ a
result the flow passes to low stage at J, returning to
high stage through the hydraulic jump at K. The loca-
tion and height of the jump may be determined as in
case (d) Fig. lOis plotted from actual observat ion,.
If the required water surface ele\'ation at L were tll
be increased to bring the energy gradient at that point
above the elevation of the minimum-energy line at J,
the control at J and the jump at K would be avoided.
It will be noticed that the velocities incre.'1se from
J toward K, reaching a maximum somewhere near K,
the effective length of transition being reduced to KL.
Under proper conditions the point K may fall to the
right of L, and in any event the turbulence below L
will be greater than if the transition were effected
without the jump. If turbulence is objectionable the
outlet should be proportioned to avoid the formation of
a control.
The critical depth may be found by constructilllf
either the energy or momentum curve, and finding its
FIG. 9. TRANSTTIO~ \\'ITH01'T Jt'~IP
lowest point, as in Fig. 2, but it can be more readily
determined by means of the equation
each other at that point, the transition may be accom- A' Q'
plished without the jump. Such a transition is illus- T =g (8)
where A and T are respectively the ares and top width
trated in Fig. 9. The <lv
g
+ P lines intersect and of the water sections for the critical depth. Using
become tangent at the point G. The excess of the t-"''''L/~$ For ..
prel!llure in an upstream direction over that in a down- ~~":fv.~1
stream direction on the hump in the bottom or on con-
tractions in the sides of the channel supplies the force
F" required in equation (5).
·-------~·=.=---{~-~~~1 f1,0~'9Yu,;;;t-=--=r==
I I ------------.-
In changing from one low stage to another with a
1. --.LV;t;CQ/ [)opM _~o:-.:r;-:".~~-"'"
.--;;;...
lower velocity (case e) the hydraulic jump and the
control section are not o!t~n encountered. A contrac- c"~ >~_. Obserwd Waf;;' SurR>c.-:-: r?-
tion in the sides of the channel or a hump or obstruc- ~I '-.-~:=__~::~c=-==:-::~;:---='~·;I· ~
. tion in the bottom may C'luge the water surface to rise
temporarily above the criti"al depth, but such contrac-
tion or obstruction is not likely to exist in an artificial TlJNNEL I '"
:>. . " ; '
TRANSITION
~'" I '1 S£GH£NrAL
FLlI,.,C
6.1fl:DiQm. 100 f't long lJ.3'-t lAam
channel, except by deliberate design. The low secondary
dam sOlJietim.es placed belcev an overflow dam to break /////lJWY/J?J7/J1/7/?»7J7I»JJJ
Jl
>JJ»:7»»1:JJ77 f?7J»FJ71
rK IL
;,p
up the high velocity constitutes such an obstruction, but FIG. 10. TRANSITION FRO~I 01'lE HIGH STAGE TO
the normal depth below the secondary dam is usually A1'IOTHER: JUMP CAUSED BY EXCESS HEAD
above the critical so that the conditions of (case d)
:>btain. the notation already established, and letting H =
The most usual form 0' canal transition for reduc- d + hv, and A = area of section = some function
ing velocity is from one hir:h stage to another and f (d) of the depth, equation (8) is derived as follows:
~uch structures are often subject to unexpected irreg-
ularities. It is usual in designing transitions of this H = d + hv = d + V'zg
type to provide for only a partial recovery of head,
to allow a factor of safety tv take care of imperfections =d+ 1 Xq'
A' 2g
in the structure and of fouling in the canal below.
1 Q'
This results in an excess of energy. If the minimum = d + Nil) X 20;
energy line is at all points well below the energy
gradient the water surface in the high-velocity channel . ., dH rid) Q'
ditrerentlatlllg, dd = 1 - rid) X g ,
will be lowered and the excess head will be consomed
in increased friction, but if the minimum energy line where !,(d) = A' and rid) = the first derivative
is high a control :s likely to he formed, resulting in of A with res~t to d, = T, the width at the water
low-stage flow for a shart (htance, followed by a jump surface. H is a minimum when
back to normal. An actual :;;sl~':ce of such an cutlet dH_ A' q .
is shown in Fig. 10, where a .ery gradual change from cJ.d IS zero, or when f = g' as given above.
a. 6.1-ft. diameter tunnel '0 a J '5·ft. segmental lined
section is effected in a leng,n of 100 ft. If the critical By substituting A V for Q this equation may be writ·
depth in the tunnel and i" . he trans'ition had been lower ten
tne water surface woulc1 h:we h('~r. further drawn down A V'
at J to make the energy gradie"t f.·om above coincide
IT = 20 = hr
DS-3-5 - 12j8jei7
64
for Structures
APPENDIX A--THE HYDRAULIC JU:MP--Continued
In a rectangular section of wdth, b, A is equal to bd,

T is equal to b, and (8) may be reduced to
~
g
= b'd'.(for rectangular sections) (10)
from which de is readily determined. Equation (9)

reduces to the weB-known form
I
hvc = :ide .
(for rectangular sections ) (11)
In a triangular section, where the ratio of T to d

is X, equation (8) reduces to
Q' d'X'
Ii = 8 (for triangular section)
and (11) becomes
hV e = ~d,' (for triangular section) (13)

Similar formuhe may be deduced for any channel
having a known mathematical relation betwen A, t and
d, but generally the resulting equations are of the ~

deg., and are complicated, and it is preferable to use
equations (8) and (9) without further reduction. If
de is known and Q required these equations may be
solved directly, but if de is the unknown tlte solution
can best be made by trial.
Valuable assistance in the preparation of this paper
has been rendered by D. C. McConaughy and W. H.
Nalder and other engineers in the Denver Office of the
Reclamat'on Service.
See Figures 18 and 19 (Paragraph 2. 29) for Energy Loss and Relations
between Variables in a Hydraulic Jump.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
65
tJ p--MI o
Ul Given: Compute: PJ
, As,-->f1 AT ~ rr--AS2 ::l
p'
W h fs M, e" , >--'
, II ~·e·~ 1.1 u;
CJ1 b fc T d " h - d2 p'
I 1-<--0- f-->iG 1-<- ::l
I P-
f-' dl n k
l'\:) I I
= Itfs.;-(nfc ) ~--d-d I----:Jd 2 1<- ::0
"- d2
CD
"-
m
.
J =
I K
-"3
't ---d--+--- >l ro
>--'
p'
r+
--:J
--;5h--t-· 5h --> ro
::0 P-
~
Ul M
H Ul
~ r+
'0 CA S E I e§.5h-d 2 Z >-;
ro CA SE D: e >.5h-d2 >-rj ~
'i o o
Ul r+
ro
M2= M,-T (d-.5h); M3(allowable)=.5fc kjbd Z; M4 =M 2 -M 3 ::0 ~
P- o 'i
ro TENSION OVER ENTIRE SECTION toM ro
Ul
COMPRESSIVE REINF. NOT REO'D. I COMPRESSIVE REfNF REQ'D. Ul
MtJ
f-'
"-
CASE n-A M2 ~M3 CA SE II-B M2 >M 3 Zo
m 80
"-
m M2_
__ A =_._M3 zz
f-' a =. 5 h- d, t e I Aso - f j d So f Jd 00
....... s s >::0
T M4 ZM
G .5h- d2- e Asb - --
- fs(d-d,) tJ>-1
= AS b = --rs- M
0\
...... >-1tJ o
T G _ A =....L MM ~
As, c ~x d-d, As, - 0 Sc f Z(/l p'
s UlH '0
HO
x M4 n d(l-k) Oz
Z, l'\:)
A s2 =..L d-d,
fs ~ A S2 = A so t AS b As, = ""fs"~n:T' X (kd-d )(d-d,) ,
l o ...... 0
Oro
o 'i::l
t t As ~ (/lro
r+'i
A S2 = ASQ A Sb
c gJ 'ip'
~>--'
~ SltJ
~ro
tJ 'i Ul
ro ......
Ul'§
NOTE: Both M, and T are considered positive. 5'

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN ......
All values to be in inch-lb. units. o
'i
COMBINED B ENDING A NO TENS ION S
p'
r+
......
DEC. 26.1946-A.L.A.-E.R.H.-D.K..... REV. 8-9-67 lo3-D-3~4 : :l
>-rj
......
°
<Q
f-'
'1j
p'
'i
l'\:)
~
'rJ
<0'
C'~
'D
fll
I-j
!'-:l n
tJ .J,-_ M,
u >J:>
I
w Given Compute JT '5
I '-<e- ,
A s, , ' 1 JL A 52
U1 I M, ----1 . V y >-
rr- ~:J
h fs M, e = T
b fc T d = h - d2 00
l','j
I I-j ~
d, n v K = __I Cfj(1)
"-
CD I+fs -;- (nfc ) ~- d - d, - >-Jdz~'
'tdl - I c+''1
"- d2 'V f --, -f. ~ fiJ
.,'---d-f--- ~ C~ f-----'
OJ c, , I c2
---: ~
U i = 1- ~ ,Sh,-t-.5h- ->- trJ
~tJ
3 c CD
I-j IJ)
Z (]) ....,.
"rJ G1 t.C
CASE II e > (.5h- jkd ) :::l
CA S E 1 0 0 2 e ~ ~ o >-<
2 ::0 ::.J
Mz '-' M, + T (d - . 5 h), M 3 = . 5 fc k j b d ; M4 == M2 - M 3 tDn ,....,
tr1trJ o
''1
~tJ
f--"
Cor~PRESSION
OVER ENTiRE SECTIO~J COMPRESSIVE REINF NOT REQ'D COMPRESSIVE REINF R E Q' D On J
"
AND NO COMPRESSIVE REINF. PRESENT CASE II-A M z ~ M3 CASEII-B Mz > M3 ~o
~'>-----J o
.::; .... ~ .::::...
::J
>n
>-7::0
M2 M3
""' c, c bTh ( I t 6e ) As o A so
h " fsJd = fs j d tJ~
(Jeri
0-
T M4
r-" '. ~
OG ~tJ
fc~ c ~h-(I- 6~) A Sb A Sb $:>-r<
" fs " f (d -d,)
s h"'1' "
'J UJ
,~ >-<
T
As, " 0 As c ~o
e/l ~ -~I
CAS E I ~d) "-rs- UJI
M n d ( 1- k) ,..., I
b ~ ~ e ~ (~ - 4
- -- x-x O r,
\ 1
;.\sz :: A SQ - ASb As, - f s 2n-1 (kd;-d, )(d-d,) ~? 0
cor,1PRESSiorJ O',ER F'ART OF SEC- '.Ii
MZ 2 $:
TION £:.,\1D 110 TENSILE RE INF REQ'O --.-X-. trJ ::.J
fc, A S2 = A sa ;- A Sb - A sc >-<
- bd z kJ c'7
~
NO COftPRESSilJE REiNF. PRESENT
tTJ :::J
V b
l 'V >--'
T ( 6e ) bjd ;.1
c+
fCI = bkd I+- kd ()
V
u Cj)
~ojd c+
e' :: -kd - -n ;- e
2 2 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN ='
c')
c+
NOTE· Both /vl, ond T ore considered positive COMBI NED BENDING AND COMPRESSION ;;
(1)
Ail values to be in inch-lb. units. l!J
DEC ::'6,1946-A.L A.-E.R.H.-D.KM REV. 8-9-67 103-0-343

C:::ma~:' :::.:r,G l~c13tcd ~;~rl1~~tl;res Chap. 2 General Design Information
for Structures
GENERP,L NOTES AND MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Fig. 3 Par, 2.6

FOR DETAIIJNG REINFORCEMENT--CLASS 40 AND CLASS 50
'iecQ,'<1lla.,e.o c
biQCW"' ,()/!u.re. GENERAL NOTCS
UNLESS OTHERWISE SHOWN ON THE REINFORCEN£NT DESfGN ORAWINGS, THE DETAILS AND NOTES
".~.-- . $HOlliN A"e rrF'/CAL FOIl ALL "CfNFORCEIlilENf ORAIt'I/lHiS THAT REFE" TO THIS DRAIt'ING.
"
VL (M~C----=-=-='I
) (O,N OE:SIGN REINFORCeMENT DOWEt.S· SPLICES:
1 Slr"c'uraldl:9qnilb<JsffionJOOO/I$I~,fl«J Do... ~ moy /le1fld/f;o/'tdOllfflfdro"'fIq ;""5 ·erri) tnJl'ss olhtr",~ silo..... l!ltm,null/J/lt16lgIh of/rlpfur
""'JlrelS<1't' ,(}/lcrel~ Sfrt"'}/h at 28 days ... ,Ih 0
RECESS LCSS T"AN ,," OECP OFFSET 2" OR LE$S ""'klng sfreu of I.J5O PSI, ar>d wor-~rng slruses ~~~~~oQ~1~o".~ ~1lI/;7"~::d;:~;Il~I,t",q ..:e:~:t:;:'~f~s:Nf,'tt~r:,~;~!:~ t,
~&bl of<Q.OOOIII"enS/()n'nremfo~nt","hG a brJc of the 50"" dJomel~r llll"ed, the 1Qp leflqlh sItol! /)e fJCNtrMd by iN
S~(I)lHj ,ro.e. or 1;>Klf,ttJ """1m"", 1,p/<1 str~n~th of fO.OOO P5' srltDilerdJfll'lelfrbar
'f:)
IL'~_..:J.' 5plicesf1f"lobremadesofhclt''''~_<1lsl'tJflUs'''
roce of CIlntt'tte berm,n/Dlned
",1/
/WEIIIIBEffS LESS THAN l.- IN THICKNCSS PLAIN OO ...£(.S' TMmlnl""'''' Itlprequ,ref/lt!lll's' fof'fIOfI-jIOrollfl,
A8BR~II/" nONS Plmll da ... ~ls OcrOIS conlrlJCllOn pmlS 'S/1(JtIbe plo'n oors'S/1(JlJbeasCJ,~n,n TMJIeB
.J?~~'~:ii-1;":~:~; 0-- bl./)()Ilo/'/l tare br"/>oltom "'... til· />oltom Ioy~r />ors pamted ...lth on~ coot of red Iff1I1 pcIInt '.,S'
If·loplo" tr_toprow 'l.roPkJ~u dlJ..rsto~k/xltldb~for~f",o/.lo!!roffirstc~
;'='-d~:~~;"' nf.n~or (oc~ nr.ntarrow nS. nl!flr !.Id~ plou~nt ImmedO(Jtrl~ b~ fir, S«X1ftIJ COIIC'rrlr
RECESS ,3" TO LE:>S THAN S" DEEP OFFSET GRE,IlT~R rHAN fl' TO LESS T~AN 6" (f.forroce fr_farro ... f,-fOr,/(Je TABLE A
~f_rocll foc~ er-eOU! row U-CIlCh 51(je '~~~'J':/;,,;;h~:'o'fir;;"J, :ot,~"'!?'o,~fv:-:'~t;"g~' LENGTN 0'" LAPPCD SPLICE "L",IN II\ICHEs.
If. '"sJde fuce .r_"'~d~ ro... e ... ·eoc" It'!1)' Ih~ Ofl snail /lOY. 0 SJlf rollng OftlOt Je5S Ilion 2";
'~:,::~;,:;,;,;c5,:","", ,"00' , !JAR NO L BArr NO L
af_ool"rk 'oc~ ar-OO'5,rk /'f7iI ~c- t!OC~ wrner
lrr-~-:~~ mr"rrnddl~ ro. ",I-midrtlela!'t'r Z. J. ~ IZ ~ 2~
~c·spoceorspo", -,- ,'- .~ J2

'~L
~q >jIC • ~QWII~ 5OOad, equal 5j)Qces sTAND"RD HODKs 10
r-'~1;~f- '. -:'
;!<ll-;;;;;n~' // ,.,' .~~ -iF---'~ .- l -~'----:
IJ'; O-lI(I{1lmol <1"""~t~r of r~mfo",nCJ /Jor 1-iQoj;,,hol'ho.e ~·tnnds and e',"l'Ons of4·Wr
-,
,
16
21
4'
SI
".~ "n,forml, "7r~,"CJ 1~"9IIl' of OOr, bE'...e.n d",,,,!,~q but noll~,s IhOn2{porrilel'0 ff>t!
mo,nleqofllltbaror90·/H'nd,ondntM./On.of .St()Cjgrr S/J/1et'S "mrs ~ spm:pd dosuffrqnacleor
r-.t:3~~ . ""1-----':'" • ~-t:'" .' TYPICAL CORNER DETAILS
CI_,;:~IIl"1l0"n of leosllZ-W dl{Jrne1ers Hoots for stirrupoltd IJI d,Slor,uofll·bordiornp/ersl/r6"
~II. Of IJ onchoroqe on/)' sholl ~o+te eil~~r 0 'iO'"or 115' />end
plur, !!n t./t'n><on Of ot IIWSI '-bor dlCrn~l'r:r, />uf
SY/WSOLS no' less IhQnZ{OI Mt free ,nd offh~ bor Rod'u~ LC/'lQrH O~ SPLtCC 'S', roR ftON-"ARALLEL __ S
RECCSS s" >-- _ , 0 - __ "I
OR DEEPER DFFSEr 6" OR MORE 80rs <il(],,~ 'IlU, _ J:..-"6@'2or = ~"'@';' of b~n<1 10 M as ",~c,fl~d III tobJe for Otnt bers ANGLC Q $
mdlr:ote (] CJcouo of lden',(;ol bars .quall~ ,paced I>fIor ( --=oj 0 slattdord 18Q' ~OO/r on on~ ~Itd
""'11
--,I\n open cor,,'e of IN: end ofo bar ,n/llC(l'~1 Q "r~~rr~d 10 os on ".II. bo:T
O'rO'O' 05L
TYPICAL. BL.OCKOVT RECESS DETAII..S f"-, 4'1 I>bor (c....;=» ...db 0 slOllrJ/1rd 16C"b«lk on /loth tnd~ urroJa" ----------oil
ISl'<:ond 1109~ conatlt lllo... n! !-~!!!I>:;~~~~Il;,:e~~ ~~r;:: ::~:':;o:;,,;:,.~;;~: JI)"(o:;o- on
JS r~f~rred ftI o~ 0 "S· bar
1>~m1 ... oIh th~ fIor turned 'OIr(Jr<1S ~he ot15er.~r
t' ' r-,'L- ~C"To ~5' 0 B~
$pIlCe,'llo... ~thu'_'nIJIC(lleolopperJ,pl"e.
k..".'"'; ~J5--=;--=-=ot
----_.~
L l~'d
lttl· ~Ol 0 bend i~ /Il~ ber PLACfNG
&r, smolloo~"'CJS (mo.,/S·!m o<lllor><islab~
0'
""r08Q'
«"'(090"
O'l
I,OL
moy be Stireod 0.,or1 not //Ill'll" lhon I, 111t•• ~
FfLLE l' LESS T~AN f~· bor Sj)(lClcg
I~~
r=;=~c.,",,;_,. T:-' . '4 OFFSET s' OR MORE
,~
DIM~NSIONS f1ernforument """yiN! odJusledml/1t (,t'd toclNr
ANGLC O".".SCT Ii" OR LESS RESTRICTED MEMBER THICKNESS O,,,,,,n,,,,n, ON 10 Ill' cenl.r I.n~, of 11l~ /Jors unless ,;oIUSII1/>S, ~e~s, form titS, OdCbcr /Iors, -.:lis. rect",", A:' ,
oIMr""'t \Il"",n CI~or '()oI~r <1''''en'JQns I}f'e em~dtMd m~lII"""rk, and Cl;JfldI/,t$ ~"rpt ,n h••ily
TYPICAl.. RIGHT ANGL.E ",ori..d·cl" ",,,,forced DrMS. In SUf:/l ~D!io!S re/ol:gllM /he 0' _L~:J
~., embedded r/lDltr,als musl M CfNls,urf'd In no <:DU
7=-i;=--.:=,x', __-= OFFSET DETAILS
lhcuJdllOrsbebtnl 109re01v 1/lai>6ITJI 'IoPf
~-------...---
"I'!:
- /;L' WIlerp {JOSS/ble, r~~forcMterlI 'Mil be ~ior~d te
r/lD,ntrlln If ,reorflisMnce ofoll~asll>ne'~tlt",,_n i'/KWIrrJrtrc;1h
Pr-ct'<lf~ 0 bll(l~
COVEfi
can",,1 beotlloJ~Mb)
P!tXe Ih~ '-e'nforr:tmenl
thot tll~ c1~oc d,slonce
'0 '1rere'"(~rct_I(}II(/onchQrbrllls,rQrmt,ps.()r
ANGLE OFFS£T GREATER
oerween foceofc011Creleon<1neoreSlr~lnforce~t otllNr",b,ddedme101...orll
/>ending ~nd ertrndmCJ />fir
"-<~
THAN /1" TO L£SS THAN S·
JS'rfor"'bersowl~llerondl'ror'5Ix1rson<1
I'~'~o-"
, L,n_' ," Re'",OrUmtfllporol~toOflCf!llrOn'fSOrOlfWr~
2~ ---,,>} lor~er, eK~pt (Yo.'d~ If c!~or d,st(MCt fro'" fOc~ of m~loltt(}r* shiJllbe{)1()r:ed 10miJmlc,n aeleor dlstonn
=~'\ (On,,~I~pllfceG oqoms! earth or rl)Ck of l" where ofo' ItoSI 'i I,mes themiJJJmum S'ft<lq9,."olt ACCES$orrt€S:
fdqf bar> o,ros> tll'C~M" of "'fn,n~ "'/LLET 9lIt"5UfJPO'k,spocprsondofflrrDCCP55Or1t50,..f>(j1
/~~ :;;~;~~R m~mb~r Ih,einel' J$ 9·or '<>1' IlfId J. ~r~ member fIe,n,'tirr:emtM nOI tobeol(fad~""een or ... ,1/11/1
'~I>c ,om~ 51U ona 'PIlC"'~ 0' sbo...nor>lll·dII"9ndrD"'~s,'llrr~ndQtions
t~oclm"l" qr~(]'~r l/ton 9', 'h~ clf:Or dlstonc~ • ,n,Iles Of mo'" W ...trtt()dS
(C,cf.s;mndw,' ...o,IOC$lobbon TYPICAl.. FILLETED CORNER DETAILS ofIlCIJ/,-." or DItter OfJl!rO"edwppQrt'nq 51'Silms
being to the de,,~n dl!n~nliOn Ime
+ -<lA -0--- R~mfor~em.nl parllllelmCJ co",lru~l",n JIl/nt. ,hotl IIlO'fHUW.
,I.
',''''V,','lnrllobsOW!r,,'m "",~ a /'/llnlm"", of Z· d~ar ~ovec
fhlC'n~SI, u~~ /,~ bars, SPACI~O
i -'~1 ,ome <lie ondlPa""Q r~e f,rst and losl/>ors m ltOIl"> ond ...olls, Sllfruf/S
olcarrasponrJloq ...olt REFERENCES:
;in Ii or <101> r~,"lor(~m~nl
di·:','h SENT 8ARS
mb~m!, ond t,~s ,n COl"""'S ore /tI slorl ond tmI
010 mO.,mum 01 one I>alfMlbeadjDC8lt/>flr:5/1«l"9 NumeraJs OIl porenthes.s ( ) follo"'~CJ nohIs cmd
ANGLE OFFS£T S" OR /WORE (l,Io,lJU"o! On1r D,Jle' 51~e,' Sholl bt u$,d for fIofl I>~nl 10 0 serIIQnltlferS<1r""",,~~ m<1"I1I.tltfnuf1lNrflf
rodi"sofW-barrj,nmnUlorles.< t~ dro.inqupon,,/oK;h /hf sec',l/n or "I!!II i5
.1-
Unles5 lorq~r rU~'UI b~nd, or~ ,nd.,o '~d on Ih~ ;~~'.:;~ ~MfJmplt I~NI deno'-s Dr(lwin~ NQ
.!,f¥~l:l
:.L~/ ~ dt"9ndro.,ng5,ollrernfQrc~n/rt~uJ"ng
I" ~
b~nd'~CJ lholl/>e benr around a p,n ho"",q Unlus othN ...ist sbown fD/IO,. tM ,..PMtmefttJDl,OIl'
rll~ follo"'IflCJ dlam"ler "tDbhsbld by .4mtrlcon Cf1llcr~le Insfltut,'s
"me"",, "Uunurt' of St"nd"rd Pro~"cp far Dern,I<"9 MIlnforced
'-
-..+' ~'
~,erI8
't" . -'''''' -
-
L~1 CIJN:r-ef~ S~r~turps·(~IJJ'·"'1
SECTION A-A
_~. ~e:-:-,-::- --::::-::-_"~-::-:-_-"-=::":::::::
ANGLE oFF,'iCT S" DR MORE
-"T ~J
t· ~ F- - s.,~ [O,cn.c bor la/>Ie /0",,1 ~.,~~••o·p,.. "'...~ o - - _ · -
RESTR/crCD MC¥BER rHiCIfNt:S:> 01 ~IJe ~r ~O'en 'nCJ'
_.~++-;.L- CI)R~CR 8,.'"
aOio,enl fa ma05 COIl "'''0. ,,,",,ou, HU""." .oa~a
cr.f._ ·,O~{\ or beoms i _r;~-:~fs' r~:~~~ ~~:f:'~!~1
TYPICAl.. ANGLe OFFSET OETAILS 1'1 n Il'~;:-;;;l 1-·' ---- o -..wI ",Inll: SAfETV
9"rh,u I." -;-:-;;-
Ilrhr:ui;? 2--.8
NOTES rlThru-ii/ f~j8
'''':~;i~~'~:;~~~~:;::~D.
l,r5_ "d~e, oM t;orn~r 001, or,! r~Qulrrd lor opt'oongs 18' or ItSl
~'fhruJ6' '-·9 GENERA L NOTES
{o, " r~'f5\ deep." tlJun .' />1;1 no' ~ren!fr Ihon On~ ~olr woll i/r-"~~ f8' ---;-:'-;0--
;y 510b 'h"~"~H. use (Orn," bocl ," IO(~ on r~c~S1 ,,~t ANO MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
O_~r"' ';-"" FOR DETAILING REINFORCEMENT
CLASS .0 AND CLASS 5
MfNI1rIUM ADOITIONAL REINFORCEMENT AROI/ND OPENINGS IN WALLS AND SLABS
~b_.~,"'_"'_:_'_~_~'_ ......"..... . .."!"':',_!i. _"'~I-'
.~~." ..__ , _~,' •• ~_ ..._ ... _._ .. _'!.l?_,!r-,!,~~_.__ ..
• Ho<.~ .. !~"",--"-.. -g,,,.., ~~ .. ...,_~_ _ , - ....,.,. ..
~~f: ~:!lpp~!-
40-0--1004
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
69
Chap. 2 General Design Information
for Structures
GENEHAL NOTES AND MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Fig. 4 Par. 2.6
FOR DETAILING REINFORCEMENT--CLASS 60
S~cond ,tQq~ ~,
,.. bli,fkoul cOQcrJ!l~ tiEN£RAI. NOTES
1JNt.£$$ OTHERtiIIS€ SHOtIW ON TI'4£ RE/Nl'(Jff(';EWNT C1£-.N ~ THE OETA1L5 AND NOTES
R~~~--i-'-~ ~=~~.! . . . ~ !IHCWN AilE rYP/CAL. FOIf ALL fltE1N/1'CHfCtWNT OIfA'tIIIIMS 7l'AT ~£II ro THIS DlfAW"'Kl.
t . ;Co.e, . '--jCowr .-! I "Co~,...'" ~wr . ~1 «SIGN· ftEtNf'OfltC£fIII£NT DOweLS: St-LIC£S·
~ __ • __ ",,-.<-- • ,.<-~.L j • ~ ...9.._. . _---.'-. __ .~_____.__.. _.~~ .. ~ ';Iroclural ~~ is bMtd M Jl50 {J51 ~I"t'd DcJ-1s1l\(l1Hmdl€afl!'dQIIltttd,.""iggtl>lI$.'(lJj, U71Msa""r~sbortJtfht",",IIJIII",I."HtofUib"
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RCCES;; (£55 THAN 3' DCE;P OFFscr 2" Oft LESS Mlrtmr; ltnss <JfI,lOO/15i, andWOl"klf19slr,Uf'$ pra~II()IItqU(Jllof/lalrtqlH,.,dforlopJplicl<Jg lt1l,nrfilt(crr:if19barlafdiff,rwntsizrtlrffok
a(2<I,OOOI'5I InJ5irJtlill~fl(fJIT:,mml ,,'Iha 17 ""'r af til, SIlllit' alam,l,r spllctd, /M I"" Iqlb IhQIIIN ~ by 11"
s~,(i,d minimum "tid ,Ironqlh of ~o.ooo fJ51 $lJJOI1~ di"m,ltroor:
f"'==d Teo,,,
ItICItIBCIfS LESS THAN L IN THICKNESS PLAIN DOWCL.!' s:£~~:~r:u~'"EEE;;;r:::-:::'~
. o. L AUIfEVIATIONS Plain dt;.ftls across canrrocllOfJjow~ shf/I t1e plain OOrsshtJllbe05giteltin~bltfl.
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TAIILt! II.
P:~~~;~~:~J
RECEStS ;,. TO L£55 T1-IAN .~ DECP OFFscr GREATER rHAN E" TO L.ESS THAN."
nfantar fac.
ff·/ar/oct
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fr.farf'Ofl
ns-ntar side
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LENGrH " -, .I.
,'a.ach fact ..... f(ICh row fSataCh!>dt :'OC:""!:::;"I;h~o~r/f;!~~aj~,:r,t'fli1,( v=,;h:1 .AIl' NO L ""'11'110. l.
if-lnSJdt f""o r_,",/{"1"0" OW.tach'II'Ql 1h"0/15/liJ//haflroSA£rOhll9af flOl/tsstIta,,m
of.fX!I~<tW fa(, arawl,,'*' row , c· tirh C","",r J 14 , Jfi
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1 5/lC.·~pac. (If" 5POl'U
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Hootl shall h""" I8ITbHd5 and ,ylf//Sioos af ~-b<Jr
t/lDl'ntl'Pn /wI nol/tss MiJn #{ para/WI 10 !tit
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Irng/hss!lawn *St099f"fI}llc""b.",~spa(,tJ(I~lhiJn.
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~
ol-clrnr iflChtSOrllbardiamtf,r" .hichnrr,s'l"tfJfK
'--------=V_-.-J 1 • jl !. :--':.jo . TYPICAl. GOlfNEIf DETAfLS
aIJ,asfI2-bardIOIMI'Pr$i'looII,f(}f'sl<rrupull(/fif
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,-----.-1',1 plus on ,,,I,n5lOl' of al 1to.1 fi·~ar dia""t,r$ /wI
Ifofl,n fhanz~,'af I~ frn -.daf!ltt bar Radlu$
TAIILE II
l."",.TH OF $PUGE "!II- I'QIl' IiON·,.,."ALlEL ....."
OFFS£T tf" Olf 1II01f£ s~:.~;,~ Ihus __ E--"@IZOT=.:J-:::--'S@i"'>'" afb,tndtobtiJssptcifi'd;nlabl'(l'Jrbtflfbars ANGLE CI ,f
flCCESS It" OR OECPC#r
In:1!calt a 9rouP of ,,w.nllCal bors .~ually $p(Icpd, A bar (.....;::oJ ",111 a s/andord,fIO'/(}akarOMftJd
--Anap1:n circl, al r",,,,dofobarmdir:fllts a (J'TalO· 0.5L
,..- -'- ~ 11 "reI'Kr'tJ 10 os 1JfI'~' bar
TYPfCAL BL;:~KOUT RECESS DETAILS btnd."~ Ih'bIlrlurntdo-':lYfr~ rhtoU,npr Allar/=).,lfIaslandorrill/r"O/Ib1lfh,nd5 to"roJIr~ (J.6"!
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FlI.LET I.r~s fHAN I~- Ihtl>ar~I~1f
.~~-=--~'r_:~~:~_:~~~~~_~~=1 OFFSEf tf" Olf M01f~
IIfESTRICTED MEItIB£1'f TNIt;KHESS
OI/lllEN$IONS
U"''l'"slQo'17r, 10 1M ctnlt:rl<ntS,,{Iht borSISIl/t$S
Remfon::,menlmaybtadjusftdlfl'Itt "tid fociHr ~
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OI~"",St soo.n Clear <0..,1" dim• art .,,,,,,,s ombtddtdm'fallf(ri,o"dconduJfJ"ctfll,"~.ilr
TYPICAL RIGHT ANGLE mor~td "</' rp,"torctdarpas"'5lIdIcaJt5rt/octlflOlleff~
OFFSET DETAILS om/llHitJtd IMltrial, musl ill!' can5IhrH. In fle cgIf _L+_~J
shaul6/1o,.s btbenl fa ~r'al,r
NMn fi 10 I flo~
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fHAN i!' TO /,,£55 HIAN B~
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r51"" for·5barsalldsmal/~ofld2'for"6b1lrs"" !itm'orctmflnlpordlltilaallf:l/(>rblJ!lforolh,r""btttitd
=- ~, 10rr,er,tlCt:plpro.,d'0,I,ordls'onotframf~ol /tII:/oIMlrt sIoall"'(Iioctd fO/IWJlnfoma cltor dlstiJIJl:t
o ''','' cotlcr,'oploada~a,n~' torlh or rack of z".Mn afallmsf If, lim" f/lt m,UIRlUft 511' ~ft Al;C£SSOR/E'S:
,n' Ire tl(}1
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.-"-~=~-1 "~, -----=:--'
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~"ACING'
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mbtams, olld IltS ,n calilnlns art: Ir:>lturi and vd ftEFEffENC£S:
- ---~-'.- - '--',
ll ('''~;;;'~'''''''~.''''" I I~=._~.O~TAles
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BENT BARS NUm6l1I. In parrnlhtsn ( j fotkJ...Ht9 no/IS afltS
., 'JJ"r-- aliJmarjmumafon.hoIfoftht~borSl'«i/llf.
ANGLE Of"FSET .- OR MORE ,L IT Jt-\.. \ (... "', .':!,m",.._ t-" ,-' I . Onl,b,llolsl,t:lshollbtu ..dforbllrsb,nl/oa s«tJoo '''''1''$ ()I'fll#<JijtrS i~tJlCtll. ffJt nUmNrO(
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"NGtE OFFSET 6" Oft "ORE t;-;:f:~ ~~nl" , I; 2} JJ ,} r , ill} 12/
RESTRICTeD MeMSER THICKNESS
I 'i rI- ::,~i:::~:;'~~~::"'''' .5prrtol {aW'lCat'On '()roll ~'nlh
TYPICAL ANGLE OFFSET OETAI"S _.... .~ crtf,. .'!9a~,:~S~,':s I
• ......" .... SAf£TV
NOTCS D6:::~~~~::~~~f:;!:~D"
T:os. ed~~, ana cornu !Jors nM rtq~,rplJ oppfliflq~ ,,"
f", Its~Dr fJ£NERAL NOTES
For a 1"'("1 dH~r than ~. bullllJ' qr-pal~r Ihon on, holl_oli
or slob IIIldnlSs. uSt corn.r /Jan rn laet an rrc'I' ~,a, AND MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
FOR DETAIL/NO REINFOROEMENT
GLASS .0
MINIIIIUM ADDITIONAl. REINFORCEMENT AROUND OPENINOS !N WAL.I.S AND SL.ABS
=:::;;;~=:::.~i~
.'
DS-3-b - 12/8/67
71
o
tJ 2;
Cf.l
I ;:)
W .....
c,
I
c.n flJ
I ::s
0-
f-'
t\:l ;:0
MINIMUM CLEAR COVER ffi
"-
()) OF MAIN REINFORCEMENT .....
flJ
,...
"-
m PROTECTIVE COVERING OF REINFORCEMENT
'tJ (l)
;:0
--;J 0-
FROM OUTSIDE OF BAR TO SURFACE OF o
~
Cf.l MONOLITHIC CONCRETE H 'J1

,...
.§ tri ~
ro o n
>-j >--1 ,...
Ul H ..
ro <: 0.)
0- trJ
ro Ul
"
Ul I" I" o
Fire resist i ve '1
f-' I '1 o
"-
m or submerged and can I'
<:
,~
-~:-I,r trJ
"-
m ~------------~
~
f-> )r submerQed and can
~
2" 2" Z
Cl
'-11
--.l o
>-n
W .-'0 o
;:c :=5
t:rC
H
Z c·.:
o ~ ....
x
o
trJ ~~' ~
~DJ
~ C:f----.
('J
";t Z ~tJ
The diameter of the bar sholl be used os minimum cover if greater than cover listed e (]
-;f--;f Clear COver is to the tie or stirrup where surface is subJecfed to corrosive liquids. f-'J l--1 (j)
IT' ~-'.
UJ ,~
::J
~
NOTES &
UNITED STATES
N~1 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERiOR ....
All sfair slabs and landings in enclosed wells; '?~ BuREAU OF "EClAMA T ION
use f clear cover. ~~I REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
S
:.J
At underside of bridge slabs exposed to weother, ~,; r+
> PROTECTIVE COVERING
~
t" clear cover shall be provided. FOR REINFORCEMENT c
Special consideration shall be given to any design O~A;;"~ •• LL.", • . .
SU."'TT'''--.~~.
::s
IT]
condition not included herein such as scour,
other agency requirements, etc.
2
:...
;.
tf
. I:
T"ACEO . . ".~~. "'COMM'"OEO..
CHECl(fO_~ __ ,
7.11:~~" ~:-.
APPRO'lEO_. ;,c... i:-~~ ...... - >".
.~
~ ~j DE"NEiIf,COLOltADO, JA~'2.'95. 103-0-143
In
jJ
....
,<)
-.;]
'TJ
cO-
m
'1j
STRESS P. 5.1., IN BAR :-'

'"
0 0
BARS IN BEAMS-MINIMUM RADIUS, INCHES, TO It. BAR Q 8 0 0 ~
0 0
<S
g0 0
30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 f-'
It)
tJ o Q ~ N N
'" f-'
o
::Y
Ul
I
I ; ( I I I ,'. I .1
I P'
'd
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H,Q
f-' lEtt; o (l)
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rll l >:: (1)
~
-B·1rs In slab
\ 0 >-j CIl
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(V ·-~--It-~I 1 1 I
'TJ
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CIl'§
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(l)
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CIl .' .... "-- - -~-; \~4 . I
CLASSIF ICAT ION P.5.I< 8'(" . / 1/ II -\-\-\-\l-\~- 'TJ
f-' "'\ Beam·' S
" '_.'
.. , . ~'. 't \1 0
T
Bars in beam; I I v._I'L_ I II/~ -4\;."M'
II
GO I _~ ~ , ..... \ 1\ 1\ 'i5 ~ ~
"- IT fff -+-1-\-\-\1-\-
I a
GO SECTION A-A
-f-ti \ \ , \ \i tJj :::l
f~ I
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1-+-++++ - I - -- ..
rit-i+++-+-+-! I I I I I "",\.
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~ -<, A Slab,
.....,....,...!
. :;;:
~6 :J>
~t-- -r--I-- - . r-~-t L.JLd ·m I I I 1 I I I I I 'It, \ 1
\ \ 1\ Z
00 1/l--l--l/e--~I--~+++-+_+ I I I I 1- I I I \ .. \
I \ I
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1\\\\1 I
q,.tj- T~-l
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tJ:t
LONGITUDINAL SECTION 1)/ A ~Olj ,--tt+-+-++- I I I I I I I I \, \
I ~8 ~ §
trl PJ
f-'
~ I 1= --11 I 1/ -1 11 111 1 1 11 1 NO. Of BAR--~ Ul
A I I I I
Z
'TJ PJ
rll--+lI-Y ~ 9 :::l
0 ~
17'1--- V -17-VI I ~ ~
,t1J 0 ~
(l)
j-r r 1110 trl ......
I I l ]rl l I I PJ
24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 UNlTIO STATU :;;:
I I 2I I o (i)
Q£NItTlIIINT 0" TH( .. TllIlI10l'i
~... BU"lAU 0' RECLAMATION
trl ~
BARS IN SLABS - MINIMUM RADIUS, INCHES, TO i BAR
"':' III!:INFOIICED CONCRUE DESl8N Z
EXAMPLE: RADIUS OF BEND FOR BEAM t-1 ~
j;
Given- Calculated stress in·7 bar of 17,500 p.s.i. and allowable AND SLAB REINFORCEMENT ~
Dlll ..... _.A.... :.~ __ SU."ITTIO__
(}
ultimote concrete stress of 2500 p 5.1. r+
TIIIACZO _ _C..:....l..:..,!: __ AICO.... INOID
Required- Minimum radius of bend for beam or slob bars. r:>-j
4.. CMECII.£D.)t.H'___ "-1lOV~O_
Answer - R = in beom. R lof in slab.
Izf = ro
ii .....y... co, •••oo....... ,..... , I 103-0-142 Ul
Cana~s and Related Structures Chap. 2 General Design Information
for Structures
EARTH PRESSURE AND MOMENT CURVES--ANGLE Fig. 7 Par. 2.18
OF REPOSE", 1-1/2:1
12.
+
.---:.-l-- ~-.LL..L.--'-t-
""~i t-+- +-+i+H-+- '
+---i-+~
I~
Z
I I I
l&J
2
o
2
a::
o
LI..
,
: , i '
EARTH PRESSURE AND MOMENT CURVES

VERTICAL WALL WITH SURCHARGE
ANGLE OF REPOSE = ANGLE OF SURCHARGE =It TO I
Note: Pressures in pounds per square foot are based on

the following equivalent unit weights of fluid:
W = 3d* per cu. ft, for no surcharge
DRA'WN~_' W = 70#per ClL ft. for infinite surcharc.le
CHrcKCD:.B:S:... having slope of Ii: I
REV.7-'2-5'-H,H.8. FORMERLY X-I)-954 103-0-197
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
75
Chap. 2 Gener21 DC"iiqn Ink:'!,,:; t',.m CIJ:1L. ,'nd Rd2ted Structures
for Structures
Fig. 8 Par. 2. 18 EAI\TH PRESSURE /c.ND MOMENT CU1\VES--ANGLE
OF EEPOSE l-3/4: 1 =0
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> --'- ' 1 I'" i. , ; f 0'." d ' ..... i I· . j.... ; r- ++ ' 1': ;. ~ t- ;:)
ro.IJJ",·'ld it .> ,'. '\i'f'"" "H':I+t-
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: 1 . : I~. -t·t- r ~:01r. j l-t·t+ rn=-
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t t '-1
. H'.'+ Lt1ttri
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Oh O.2h O.4h O.6h O.Sh 1.0h (U43h
SURCHARGE lid"

ANGLE OF REPOSE = ANGLE OF SURCHARGE =- 13/4 TO I
Note: Pressures in pounds per square foot are based on
the following equivalent unit weights of fluid:
W : 35# per cu. ft for no surcharge.
W :: 75~ per cu. ft. for infinite surcharge having slope of 13/4 : I
DRAW":..~:.
CH£CK!D:.~',~~.. FORMERLY X--D--1790 103-0-198
IIEV. 7-12-Sl·IC.H.B.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/6'7 (Supersedes 1/6/(1)
76
C::mals and Hehted Stn~ctures Ch"p. >; ';'?!Jl'r:d Design Information
: ;1' ~:tr\lctures .
EA 1iTd pr:n:':S~;UFE flim MOMEN1 :~URVV:;--/IJCIE Fig. 8 Par. 2.18

,i',EPOSE ~ {~: 1
1-; ! I . ~ I I : i iii! f' P I H~ '+: H .. 1' : II I ...#1.3M.l

J ti -1 t i .>- .. ;l-nr F -f.. r ~ ·1 [ : : 1t Ii!
····tt : i : j j '~:C
I! .
lii· T:tLr; -'+i·;'rfll j •.
~. ~,0lr t·H·rr-t-~j-:~+ T-f···++.j-++++1-+ Hf+H_+,H-++t-HH+HH+-Hi · f+

Oh 0.2h 0.4 h 0.6h 0.8 h 1.0 h
SURCHARGE lid"

ANGLE OF REPOSE =ANGLE OF SURCHARGE =2 TO I
Note: Pressures in pounds per square foot are based on the
following equivalent unit weights of fluids
W = 40" per cu. ft. for no surcharge.
W = 8~ per cu· ft. for infinite surcharge having slope of 2: I.
DRAWN.~·.
CH£CKEO.~.~~ FOR~ERLY X-O-'79' 103-D-199
REV. 7-12- 51- liliS.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
77
~
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f-'
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------,-.,-- i i'J
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~~ n
tJ ;:Y
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w -'oJ '"
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I ~~
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M
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co r+1-i
......... zi= I-i p:>
>=1-'
~
a:>
---:J
r/J
00:
UJ IJJ
I ~
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>= (])
> I-i Ul
>= OC~ tr1 ro 1-"'
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(JJ (/)0
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0- UJ ILI ~
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f-' +N+t++-t-+-1 ;:.J
......... '"d r:::
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......... ZUJ
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-'eL t2c
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)
Canals and ~ebted Structures Chap. 2 General Design Information
for Structures
DISTRIBUTION OF WHEEL LOADS FOR DESIGN OF CULVERTS Fig~ 11 Par. 2. 22
~~'f'
~;; DISTRIBUTION OF WHEEL LOADS FOR DESIGN OF CULVERTS

u<
n~n
0«
1. HIGHWAY LOADING 1I. AAILAOAO LOADING
A. LOADING: Use truck loodings for 011 spans B. LOAD DistRIBUTION A. LOADING
c, Main ~lighways HS2:0 -44 c, Wheels resting directly on slob (l Main hnes use Cooper's E - 72 loading
(L) Spans under 12 feet

E :: .175 S + 3.2 ,where E ~ width of slob over which
g gggg ~g~g ggggg ~g g~ gg
a wheel load is to be distributed and S:: span length. ~ ~~~~ *:::::: ~ ~~~~ :::::::: ::~~,~.B;T. ;;;:;:
(2) Spans over 12 feet
... - _ . - ..... _.~_--~ ....._ ;.0.1
ION W
E: +
L~ B,f5~5r5~ 9';5';6'~5,r , 8~r5r5~ 9' ~5'~6'~5'~5'; OR)
~
4N
AXLE LOADS
:;; where N: total number of lones (@ 10') permissible
on the bridge and W: width of roadway
1• • a.Eel'O'" v .. J14·0 to 30-0
D, Wheel loads transmitted thru fills
b. Less importont lines Cooper's E loadings of smaller capacity
(I) When the depth of fill is 2 feet or more ,concentrated
may be used such as [-60, [-50 etc. The spacing of the
loads sholl be considered -e-s uniformly distributed ovef
~ -----E8-.~.---.
'0
wheels remain the same but the ode loads are reduced in
lK I:IK 16f a square,fhe sides o~.....whl~~or-e equal to l~ times tf1e
proportion
-~ depth of fill, When such areas from several concentra-
_.'1. tions overlap, the tot", load sholl be considered as um- B. LOAD OI$TRIBUTION
.cPd3-·--$_ formly dl~tributed over tne area defined by the out-
4K 16K 16K Side limits of the individual orees a. Longitudinal distribution
PLAN
l' A12a) + 3.0

wnere 1: longitudinal distribution per wheel
Maximum l:: 5.0'
b Coul"lty highways H20-44
, d depth of ballast and fill below bottom of tie.
=
~/---I~d - _o.~~
~---- b. Transverse distribution
L ·r' "'>1 1 I. For ballasted deck and for coses where the total depth
of ballast and fill below the bottom of tie is 6.0' or less,
t~e m;le load sholl be distributed over 0 width of 14'
2. Where ·'d" is greater than 6.0' the width of distribution w
(2:) For Single spans the effect of live lood may be neg- sholl be w'" 8.0 + d
lected when the depth of fill is more than 8 feet and 3. For multiple trocks where the distribution from several
exceeds the spon length; far mulliple spans it may be trocks overlap. the width W sholl be that determined by
neglected when the depth of fill exceeds the distance the outer limits for- the individual tracks.
----- betwe.en end suppor's or abutments.
4. In no case shall the tatol Width of distribution exceed thel
f.LEVATION I
(3.}ln no case sholl the stresses for live load as de- total width of supporting slob
~ !<. ..... -,.' 0' - . . . . . ~ termined by the above be greotor than those ob-
C. IMPACT
toined where the wheel is applied directly on the
I I structure L
-d3-- .---EEt T I '" % Impact = L7D
c, In no case shall the total width of distribution exceed L= Live load
the total width of supporting slob. -
0= Dead load
o l '1': C. IMPACT
For fills 0 to 1'- 0'· Impact: 30 "fa
.~ - $ -
, 4'
---EfJ'...1. I"!" 2'-0" :20 %
N PLAN " 2'-1" 2'-11" :: 10 'Y"
 3' 0" and over :: 0 %
l:
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 79
for Structures
DESIGN OF FREE-FLOW SIPHON INLETS Fig. 12 Par. 2.25B
0.70
060
0.-
~~..
Yo
.,'
-:'L.....
'~
\
y/
p,:'
Jumr ~
'
--,
1,'_
SECTION A-A
'
.....,......,
,',.,,:
,
....--w···,-;--_··---···
---
~'5 \
A,
FREE FLOW SIPHON INLET
0..,
JD Nv ........... · o 'Discho'ge c.f. s
n ,RoughnlJss coe ff
A, ' 'IIote, 0"0 fo, fro. flow sq. ft.
v, ' Velocity fo, free /low FullsBe.
,
"'10 y, ''IIDle, d.pth 10, f". flow f .. l.
~\
II' , Surfoc. ",idlh fo, frIB flow f.e I.
~
" ' Hydroulic ,odius fo, f,.. fID", fBBt.
'""... 0<0 o = Diameter of pipe in 'IMt
"... ~)D 5
"
' Slop. of pipe
' F,oudB numbBrs
~
~
" ~ ~ I I
0'"
I
~b~~
~ cu,~es
cI ~.,
/
,,-E,perimentol of critical Froud.
numbers s.. A.SCE 1,0nsDcfion /943
~~ ?:'/
Entrainment of Air ill Flowing WtJI',-CIoMd
Cooduits pDg. /435.
020
C!.J ~~ :<:'030
,'5'020
0~
~
r--'
·S~O.IO
0./0 ,
0 :'""n~1'OQ5
0 '0 /' to ts 30 3S
VALUES OF Fj • ..;ft
TY~
LOCATION
p~~ 0 D n • "
0 " NOTES
I Yakima R,ver - Yakimo Proi~ct CO'IC 925 III· 010 82 511 2.7
SiphDn inlets mD,ked lhus O. htJ., gi.,n lroubl. in
2 Molhsur RivtJf OwyhBB Proioel Slrel 325 80 010 213 205 /l1i0 operation ond oi, DUtlBts " " instDIIBd in StJIM CDSBS to
80sin Siphon - KinO HIli Wood 250 57' 012 17 360 790 ",iere thB blowing bock of Di, ond "'DIB'.
*
5
6
7
8
'Bas~n Siphon - KinO Hill
Son D,eoo sto 620.00 N
Son D,eOD 510 96"00 N
Son 0"00 Sta fl46+00 N
Son Diego
Stu I''''~ I' N
Cone
Cone
Conc
Cone
Corw;,
250 54'
95
95
95
54'
54"
H'
95 54'
012
010
010
010
010
6I
DOn
029
.19
2716
260
.561
305
194
177
14.90
/0.0
125
4.10
11.90
All olher siphons hD" not oir.n I'oubl. in operation.
Slu'7" mDde indicoles thDt f". flow stchon inlns ~d
so hot Froud. numb., will nDI fDII 0 D., Ihe c,ilicD
cu,res esloblished by expe'im.nts ",ill girB sotisfoeto,y
p,rformance
Proc"dure to determine Froud, numHf.
For (I g;v,n 0 ,diom,t" D, slope s 0fId co,H. n, proc"d
9 Son Diego Stu. 1817'50 N Cone. 95 72" 010 1935 134 9.95 os foIID",s:
10 Son [)JeOD Sta 1873'50 N Conc 95 48" 010 3053 202 1215 D. Co/cuIDt. v/ with ".nnintjS Formul•.
II Son Di4go Sf0.2200+02 N Cone 95 54' 0/0 2/98 /B5 10.95 b. Calculat, y,
12
13
Son Oitoo St~. 1'303+-56 5
SonDiegD Sta 1217dO 5
Cone
Cone
95
95
4B'
48'
48'
010
010
364J
2563
/92
212
IJ.'O
11.35
c Calculate" =2
d ColculDIe y, , f
• CD/culm. F,oUlk number F,
O'Y,)YI
=.J,;
14 SonOi.oo Stu 1073+00 5 CO'lC 95 010 3714 19 13.83
15 SonOlBoD 510 107HOO 5 Cone 95 48" 012 3714 2/1 11.20
16 Son[)JeOtJ Stu 4 J 9+00 5 Conc 95 48' 010 104 262 731
J7 SonDieoo SID ,7/t- 96 5 Cone 95 48" .010 OJ36 355 if.17
18 So~ OilOO Stu 79H2 5 Cone 95 48' 010 .377 ./90 1380
0 Hloh Meso - UncomDoohre Steel 42 26' .010 535 264 15.00
(iij Loke Voller C,ossino PG [ Steel 35 24" .013 367 .349 B.95
0 Lok. Voller C'DSS". PG. [ Sleel 25 24' 016 208 .378 5.43
c.lNlrrD ..... T • •
D.~Art"'~.Nr Of' TN. I,.r./lfIOIlf
e",".AV 0"- " ..o&. ...... rION
O~NV~R OFFIC~
DESIGN OF FREE FLOW SIPHON INLETS
.. •':'.
ill Q ... .,N__ .... ._~·!"~~·__ .•. _.u•• ,r.,..,,__ .... Jt?L_~. ______ .________
"'''.01'0_ ... "_'_".:~: ......",OO"""NO.,,__ ..... __ ._ ... _..... -- .... -, ... -
~
W> . O".OIt.D_. __ r~ _____ ._.~I*"OIl.O __ .. __ .. __ .......... _ .. __ .... - - - __
* •
----
...s I
'" ~
0.,." .... 00 .. .,• • 00.
,... '.'''. 1103-0- I
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

81
"Tj
l5"
"'0
Go
.26
I I I Loss coefficients for pipe .--L-t-- __ I 1 I 'D
>lJ
'1
bends of smooth interior .._ --+----J-- __._ rr- Hinds ~ = .25 (~)~-- , 1 ~..-I""'"
,24
['0
tJ 'I R n = 225,000 = f\ L-._'- ..1 11 n
G.:l
(I)
I
vf ..____ . _~.. ._._ 1 1 J:"'~'; CT
::-y
>lJ
W I ,I 'Single angle ~;."'" o '0
I ,22
c.n I I I I ,vd:voelocit y -. -_. 1-_+ I
1/_ _~i~e~_b;~l~S_[ ~ .. I-'" Cu
I
t-'
-- lame t er J ~... I I I
Y= Kinematic viscosity +-" I L.--I'r' I I ()' Cl
G.:l 20 ~ ,--, ~D
'- ':::1
OJ UJCD
I I I I I-T-r-T+-- . . -' - - -- 7' ..... =I r-+ f--<
'- :.lull -- ~~ -~: f::Vft:::~:+ "- % ~ ;1.;
a:>
--::J ~~ 1-·'
.18 c,
~
(I) C
s:: d-:H I ~-=- - -.>- .-J- li . .,J·· .. ·... L··· V V , - I 1 - -- ---1-- ----f--- ''j
'0 ru
CD .......... I !__ ) I 'J)
"i ,16 ~. ~
(j) NIOI , II -71 I...., I I I ,' I >-<
_+-1-'~~,/
CD >'" ~ :-<
P. 'fY I .-- - 1 · - iL"III.- . -.... .. f---;. E =2 j I I I I c~ r<-,
rD ...n 7 c--i-- ~ 1. 1
L ,
(j) II ',' " I 'I Id .C).,
,14 " ::->
t-' .D ~
. r; 1/ / I I 1 d
'- .c ~
~
a:> J
c /;./, -~, . ,
"" '-/1- ---.
'- .A-l
a:> a .12
t-'
oen
~ CfJ
(Xl += il-~ ~/ I V I i yP'" B.= 4
IV 0 tTl
:) ---t-+- -- i d r- ......
/ --- -/ --r- -l/ ~ ~ C?1 C/J
0-
.10
W ~
. l/
'd
~
t -' --,' -- J J- - - V k :'" .L-~-- >-<
'1j
Cl> .06 / ,~ , ~-l... V ~.... --::~~ ,~V ~
(J) tr,1
:)
I---+---}-- L( _+_.. v-' - ! _ /~I--::::~f-.; f....... t-- !. -~ E. = 6 ~' Jj
L
a , / ........: ~~ I ! 1\ I d tr1
I ff-
i I.. ~ I , d
~ L~_<
.06 ::J
....... t'J
----
UJ
.A/) j c':
I!r 1- -,' ...-v~r +I··~· _ I I'~-+--~-+-~' - =
*10
04 ::'J
.
.. f -l-++ . -. -+--+--4- -~ -- ,-
>-.~
~~-- ./ '-~~V~~_'-_j . l' t
02 .0
c~
. 1/ I ' . 1--" -t·- --+ -- ---t--+ [ (-;'
0
,~rr-"-r- ~- - --·t--l-r _
-- ---i -----~--~--+-4-. .
0° 5° 10° 15° 20° 25° 30° 35° 40C' 45° 50° ,,5° 60° 65" 70° 75° 80° 85° 9C D 3
REV 3-29 -62 C
DHLEcrlON ANG~E t. '1
(f-ORMERlY X-D--I??I) 106-0-44 ([J
~r,
Canals and Related Structures C help. 2 C;enerCll De~3ign Information
£01' Strucll,re::;
COMPOUND PIPE BENDS Fig. 14 P;cr. 2.25C
COMPOUND PIPE BENDS
In constructing 0 pipe line to confor", to 0 certoin contour, it IS somelimes necessary to

use both vertical and hOrIZontal angles. The construction IS greatly simplified if the pipe
is bent to one angle which will accommodate both hOrizontal and vertical deflections.
The following formula will give the pipe angle which will accommodate two vertical
angles and one horizontal angle:
Cos X Cos A Cos B Cos C :!: Sin A Sin 8 PIPE ~x

where X YY.
PIpE.' angle wIth "iertex en ~_. - - ~y"
A and B Projected angles [with the hOrIZontal) in a vertICal plane.
C Projected angle In a hOrizontal plane.
The minus sign (-) IS used when both vertical angles (A and B) are above the hori-
zontal, and the plus sign (+) IS used when one vertical angle IS above the horizontol
and the other vertical angle IS below the horizontal.
Two examples will Illustrate the use of the formula.
EXAMPLE I
Both vertical angles above the horizontal.

Find the pipe angles {Xl which will accommodate the
following angles
A ' 10·
PLAN
B' 20·
~
"O.
C ' 30·
' See diagram marked Fig. I.
8 ' 20· The formula IS
--.----- .. . ------:r-
COS X, Cos A Cos B Cos C - Sin A Sin 8
PROFILE Cos X, 0.98481 x 0.93969 x 0.86603 - 0.17365 x 0 34202
I COS X, 0.80144 - 005939
y
Cos X, 0.74205
Fig. I Therefore X ' 42· 06'
EXAMPLE 2
One vertical angle above the horizontal and the other

vertical angle below the horizontol.
Find the pipe angle (Xl which will accommodate the
follOWing angles
PLAN A ' 10.
B' 20·
~
A"O. _.~
C' 30·
See dlogram mor,ed Flg.2.
~. . 8' 20· The formula IS:
COS X, Cos A Cos 8 Cos C + Sin A Sin 8
PROFILE .
Cos X, 0.98481 x 0 93969 x 0.86603 + 0.17365 x 0.34202
y
I Cos X, 0.80144 + 0.05939
Cos X, 0.86083
Fig.2 Therefore X, 30· 35'
From Pooe 22 of Bulletin 21

of National Tube Company
P.•. - V,F.S.- 2·20·45 FORlAERLY X-O-IIOI 106-0-32
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

83
Chap, 2 General Design Information Canals and Related Structures
for Structures
Fig. 15 Par. 2.25D HEAD LOSS THROUGH TRASHRACKS
T A B 0 V H
7 It '20 0.75
0.3
IS-
O...
/0 0.5
06
3
li
0.7
0.8
V>
0.9
-5'"
.-
C'
, I.e
c
60
"0 OJ
on ~~
OJ ,,=
'"
-~I
c.
55
0'
OJ CD
------- .:<:
u
"U
~
'= 01 - ~-3-
C
'+-
o 0
-+=
>1
Q: '"
:0"- !
V>
on ro .0
c
"'. .Y.
~~ so u u
ro
c
~ '+i~
u
.c:
t-
.~
0
~
'-
~
'"
v
u
", i'~
Q)
KEY TO DIAGRAM c
I
t- 0- ~z
.S
m
C
.~"
'-'-
<t
I 0
t'
0 ~
x ±
~
<J:: T V E
u
r~45 I '2. , Q.
.2 -0
",I/)
>'" ...ro
I
I
.. r.<
0
I '("
'- "
>
:c
OJ , :r
C 6 "
1
T to D, Pivot 1 to V, Pivot eJ
i L to A. pivot 3 throuqh B,
E
L read H. 1 '- ... --
i
~
Example.· To 1",0"6", ~
3 ,A" 80·, B" 4-5·,
\/ 0
c .-Trash rack 1.0
Read H oO.6"l'''. '"
°7 i 09
I
o
{... 0.8
~v
8 C7 7
BAS:C FORMULA
ill
I
H" !32 (Jt r (sin A)( sec ~ B)
9
0.6
B
H· Head loss throuqh trash rack in inches. 9

To Thickness of trosh rack t'3r in Inches. OS /0
'I" Water veloc;ty heiow Ira",' rack In feet per second
A, Anqle of inc!inaticn of cae" with hori7.ontal.
S' Anqie of approach.
D' Cent~r to cent~r spaclnl c' trash rack bars in inches.
HEAD LOSS
THROUGH TRASH RACKS
fOflN£IILY II -0 - 690 J.P. S-ll·'n 106-1)-'1
DS-3-5 - 12/8/(i7 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

S4
for Structures
FLOW THROUGH SUBMERGED TUBES Fig. 16 Par. 2.2SF
U)
l"-
T, N
I
, o
,I I
~
~ ~ o
q
.1: I \l
f
,..
If')
I
o I
X
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

85
StI'Uc-tuI'e;~ Chap. 2 General Design Information
for Structures
CFlTICA," DEPTH IN TRAPEZOIDAL SECTIONS Fig, 17 Par. 2.25F
tOO,
FIVE-HALVES POWERS OF NUMBERS
NO. POWIU_ NO. PoWE" NO. POW!'" NO. POWE'" NQ, POWEll
, 10000 15 ~125.0 58 25620 106 115UO 210 639070
F HS68 26 -~~46.i 60 27886 108 li'im 22<1 717890 0,80
~ .-
I~.~69 27 3Ya8]} 'f.y 30266 iIO ImlO 230 ----iilT2-io
~ '12000 ,. 41485 &l - - 3fi68 13215"0- ~ -ig-i3To
0,10
5 -----~5-:W2 29 4~2ij~O---- 60S 35~lf8 114
'" 138760 ?:So milo
6 e 18f 30' 4W~---- 6lI ----'38110- 111;- T<f4930 260 1090600-
T 12964- ----~T -----m07 -ro --40996 118- ----1~'iZ50- i70 I'm~oo 0,601
'6 i8~-- -~i92 7 72 ---4j988 120 illi50 "2w 1311900
625~ 9 74 ---- 47io6 -ils li46'io- 290 1-412200
I~'n~i,~ "i4 6740-6 76---- ~ SO~~4 130 19~69'if 3QO Ismoo 0.501
""
II'~ 124ff- re 'si133' 135 ~I'116{1-
~9Ul l6 -17160 5724~ 140 --:ii:i19io
,,-11 608S-9
14
609,]5
7'3D7
" 17 a~
690lT
'" 64670-
~5 253110
15() '215570
l~-- B71~4f---- ~.6 66 68588 155 299110
16
if
IIl2~.O
11'91&
""'"42
lOllS
111132
."
86
~ '~
12645 160 ----323820-
165 3~<j',io'"
-i' 13711.6 44 12842 92 '-lim. 170 -3'76810
I'J I51H -46 -14~- ~ 856i9' 175 ---- 405130-
4il -IWrj:r ~ '}O298 i80 4S46~b-
21' 1~~!... 11678- 98---- ~95Qh 4655"10-
22
ro 2~?02 ~<- i~499 100 lonooo' '" -4-S1WQ"
2)
""fj
ESio-
",. 2~8 102 1050ao
19" ~TIiiw·
24 1821~ ~-
234&8 10. -IWOO
19'
-roo ~6~~ijO
0201
0.15
"
-_.
(Ul6 . . ... I1
~·~F~··t--
.~~. f.. -.
Oll!l --
JI __
,
Gi~en Q in secood· fed. and 1tIe botrom witlttl and side slope
Ihorizontlll to vertical) ()(the chllnr.tI cross-section: Oiy;de
Q bylllefive-holYes power uf1t1e bottom widttl (see Table,
~pper left); er.ter th~ thari witfJ this lIl10tient os abscisso
and ~ve upward to Intersection With ttIe sloP,lnq line mort.-
Ed WIth tf1e /jlven Side slope; to determme entical dep1h
multiply the ardlnote rlttlis intersection by the bottom
width
""
CRITICAL DEPTH IN TRAPEZOIDAL SECTIONS
Lt- c:I 6 0 <:> 0 d 0000 I ! ,--" c< a I= ! ~--y-§

QUANTITY TO fiVE_HALVES POWER Or BOTTOM WIDTH
,", . ..-1_.1--.+,
103-0-27B
DS-3-5 - 12/8/87 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
.'~7
for Structures
ENERGY LOSS IN HYDRAULIC JUMP Fig. 18 Par. 2.29
0 I 2 3 4 5 .6 7 8 9
F/
de 'Id, d'/d e d'/d, d'/d d'/d, d'/d d'/d, d'id d'/d, d'/d d'/d, d,/d.: d'/d, d,/d.: d'/d, d'/l!- d'/d, d'id d'/d d,/d.:
0 10 10 207 £80 2.48 614 281 572 309 541 335 .516 360 .494 182 471 404 461 424 .448
I 444 436 4.64 425 4.82 415 500 4~ 518 397 536 389 5.53 .181 5.69 .175 5.86 .168 6D2 362
2 618 J56 633 ~I 6.49 345 6.64 340 679 336 6.94 331 709 .127 723 323 738 319 752 .315
3 766 311 780 306 794 .304 807 .301 8.21 298 8.34 295 8.48 292 8.61 289 8.74 286 8.87 284
4 900 281 91l 278 926 276 9.19 274 951 271 9.64 269 &.76 267 989 265 10.01 263 10.13 .261
5 1025 259 1038 257 10.50 255 1062 253 Ion 251 1085 250 10.97 248 /109 246 11.21 244 11.32 243
6 II 44 241 II 55 240 11.67 218 1178 237 1190 235 1201 234 12.12 233 12.24 .231 12.!> 230 12.46 228
7 12.57 227 12.68 .226 12.79 .225 12.90 223 13.01 .222 13.12 221 13Zl .220 11.34 219 13.45 218 13~6 216
8 13.66 215 1377 .214 13.88 213 13.98 212 14.09 211 1419 .210 14.:t:l 209 1441 208 14.51 207 14.61 206
9 1472 2~ 14.82 204 1493 203 1503 202 15J3 202 15.Zl .201 15.34 200 15.44 .199 1554 .198 15.64 .197
10 1574 197 15.84 .196 1~95 .195 16.05 /94 16./5 193 1625 .193 16.35 .192 16.45 .191 16.54 .191 16.64 ./90
II 1674 189 16.84 188 16.94 187 17.04 .187 17.13 186 17.23 .185 17.33 .185 17.43 .184 17.52 .183 1.7.62 .183
12 1772 182 17.81 181 17.91 .181 IlIDl .18018./0 .180 1820 .179 18.29 .178 18.19 .178 1848 .171 18~ .116
13 18.67 .176 1871 .175 18.86 175 18.95 .17419.05 .174 1914 ./73 1924 .173 19.33 J72 19.42 .171 19~2 J7I
14 19,61 170 1970 170 1979 169 19.89 .169 1998 168 20m 168 20.16 .167 20.25 .167 20.34 .166 20.44 .166
15 2a:>3 165 2062 165 20.71 164 2080 164 2089 164 20.98 ./63 Zl07 163 2/16 162 21.25 .162 2L34 ./61
16 21A3 161 21.52 160 2161 160 2170 160 2179 ./59 21.88 ./59 21.97 ./58 22.ll5 158 22.14 ./57 2223 ./57
17 22.32 /57 22.4' 1'>6 22.50 1'>6 22.58 .155 22.67 155 22.76 155 22B5 154 22.93 154 2302 .154 Zl.1I .153
18 2319 153 2328 152 23.17 152 2345 152 23~ ./51 23.63 151 23.71 J51 23.80 J50 23119 J50 23.97 .150
19 2406 149 2414 .149 2423 148 24.31 .148 24.40 148 24.49 .147 2457 147 2466 ./47 24.74 .146 24.83 J46
20 2491 146 2499 145 25Jll 145 25./6 145 2525 145 2533 144 25.42 144 2550 .144 25.58 143 25.67 .143
21 2575 143 25B3 .142 25.92 142 2600 .142 26.oB ./41 26.17 141 2625 ./41 26.33 .141 26.42 ./40 26.50 .140
22 2658 140 26.66 139 2675 139 2683 139 26.91 139 2699 .138 27.oB 138 2716 138 2724 .138 27.32 .137
23 2740 137 27.48 .137 2757 136 2765 136 27.73 .136 27BI ./36 27B9 135 2797 /35 28.05 lJ5 2813 .135
24 2822 134 2830 134 28.38 134 28'<6 134 28.54 133 28.62 133 28.70 .133 28.78 133 2886 .132 2894 .132
25 2902 132 29.10 132 2918 131 2926 131 29.34 131 29.42 .131 29.50 .131 29.58 130 2966 .130 2974 .130
26 2982 130 29.89 .129 29.97 129 30.05 .129 30.13 129 3021 128 3029 J28 30.37 128 30.45 .128 3052 .128
27 30.60 /2.7 30.68 .127 30.76 127 3OB4 .127 30.92 .127 lIoo 126 3107 .126 3115 126 31Zl .126 lI31 .126
28 lI38 125 31 46 .125 31.54 125 3162 125 31.69 125 31.77 124 31.85 .124 31.93 .124 3200 .124
29 3216 123 3223 123 32.11 123 3239 123 32.46 123 3254 .122 32.62 .122 32.69 .122 32.71 122
32.oB
32.85
.124
.122 .
30 3292 121 lJoo .121 33.0,,1 121 33.15 121 33.23 .121 33.31 121 33.38 .120 33.46 .120 33~3 120 3161 .120
31 33.6B .120 33.76 119 33B4 .119 33.91 .119 33.99 .119 34.06 119 34.14 .119 34.21 /18 3429 ./18 34.36 .118
12 34.44 118 34~1 ./18 3459 118 34.66 ./17 3474 117 34.81 117 34.89 .117 34.96 /17 35.Q4 .117 35.11 ./16
Jl 3519 116 3526 .116 35.34 /16 35.41 /16 35.49 116 35.56 .115 35.63 ./15 35.71 ./15 35.78 .115 35.86 ./15
34 3593 .115 36.00 .115 36.08 /14 36./5 114 36.23 114 36.30 .114 36.37 .114 3645 114 36.52 .113 36.59 .113
35 36.67 113 36.74 .113 36BI 113 36.89 113 36.96 .112 37.03 .112 3.7.11 .112 37.18 .112 37.25 .112 37.33 .112
36 .IlZ 5747 .112 3755 III 3762 37.69 III 37.76 .111 37.84 .111 .111 37.98
37
3740
3813 110 3820 110 38.27 .110 38.34
'"
110 38.42 .110 38.49 .110 38.56 .109
37.91
38.6.3 .109 3870
.111
.109
3805
3878
.110
.109
38 3885 .109 3892 .109 38.99 109 39.06 .109 39.14 .108 39.21 .108 3928 .108 39.35 .108 39.42 .108 39.49 108
39 3956 108 39.64 .107 39.71 107 39.78 107 39B5 .107 39.92 .107 39.99 .107 40.06 .107 40.14 107 4021 106
40 4028 106 4035 J06 4042 106 40.49 .106 40.56 .106 40.63 .106 .. :i.70 .106 40.77 .105 40.84 .105 40.91 .105
Relation of energy loss, critical depfh, end depth before and otter jump, tor hydraulic jumps in rectangular
channels with level tlaa~
F==Difference in energy /ewels ot upstrean

and downstream ends of jump
de'Cntlcal depth tor flow considered.
based on pool w,dth. d e , f f
d,'Depth at upstreom end of ,ump
d"Depth at downstream end of jump
K=d,~d,
EI. C,= EI. C,-(d, • hv,)= EIC,-(d, • h" + F)

J1L_s~
'I KlIf+il
de -
F_~' L
de - 4K
1--K1K+1l
Dota from memorandum by C.R.8urlly, April 6,1939
ENERGY LOSS IN HYDRAULIC JUMP
MAY 9, 1941 FOFlMERLY X-O-3479
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

89
1-1 1
~,
f
~C
'D
,0
tJ '" n
CD
I
;-.' I .. 1
W
I [,J 'U
01 C~'
I ~<)
f--' '-'.
C'V
-
'()) '1
'-
(})
~
-C]
en fORMULA H ~: ~J
~
'"0 C~
c:; ~~
I-j Q,=_~I"y ~ .. 2v9'DI
r/,
[)j
C1J W
c" M
'10
u:
h:~' ~ D,PL ANAT ION :;:---:
'- V, ;: VELOCITV I'tI!/J(N( TH( .Jl,.NIP t~:
.;, 0. :: IXPTM A8CJV( TH( JUWP
tr~
'- ~ ..... :; 'w'U.OCtT"Y BELOW TI1( JlJMIP
v" z 0.= D(PTI-I e£LQw THE J~P
- >C
t9
~
'8 I ~~
~
g0.; zo
;"; ...---/ ; \
l-v.-? :~l
"
"'.,.
f.-_J
~JT ~.'.'''l~' <>0 ,
f ,1 :
._-+-: , ,RELAT~'~~ '~~,;,~:;:::'
I., " I 'J,-U·'I,UP', II "I'"....tt,"'·1 ',.1 I ':" IN HYO!' WEEN VAR1A8L
I" :1,~ , i! I I I I
--'i _," "I • '0' '[CTA .uuC JUM. ES
__+_ I I' --J(;'- I ' , A"O " " TH[ CHA • • "
I __ "
.~_, ~" '
~ ~ :g::~~~
_~.=t::_, -~+j '1" to" l .. ·1"·'; _0 >0 .,," .:::::,',': • •_.... 'OOMU"
... !l I .. _ 1 I ,1_1
_._J~tJ_J
t t~l · r .'~~
- .".)'
,e 2 .) '!l ()
-Jzo 100 '''(c.t~ ... , .. COOO"I..oIO ...,c
0.:: ()[1J1H ASOV( ~ IN Fu T Ol . . . :-;c~t a':)~',~7r...,
! ,0 (1<1 ,0, III .-:r ... cr,
for Structures
EARTHWORK DETAILS, MONOLITHIC CONCRETE PIPE-- Fig. 20 Par. 2.35

EARTH EXCAVATION
- TYPical original ground surface

I
I
I
!
I
k- ,
," .3.0' Min - _.-.r' ~- - - .- --........-~'--;::-~--:--7mno....
'">---Backfl/l- __;.-,
c,
\\
/./- -
,1
.;, ,
- . --Pay lines for excavation

Pay line s - ------ - - 2/
EARTH
NOTES
Backfill over pipe shall be to the original ground surface
except the minimum shall be .3 feet;unless otherwise
Indicated on the structure drawings.
Backfill shall be compacted where requIred by the
specifications.
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT Of' THE INTERIOR
.I/REAI/ Of' RECLAMATION
PIPE EARTHWORK DETAILS

MONOLITHIC CONCRETE PIPE
EARTH EXCAVATION
DRA"N_~·'!·!:" SUI""TTED_ .. . . _ .. __
TRACED~'~-!'c RfCOMM ENDED _ .... __ .. ._ ....
CHECKED APPROVED_ .. _ .. _ _ _ ._
CHI.' C:"lIIAL..s eltANCH
DENVER, COLO. AI/GUST 11,111'7 103-0-1062
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
91
for Structures
Fig. 21 Par. 2.35 EARTHWORK DETAILS, MONOLITHIC CONCRETE PIPE--
UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION
tI
I
I
-Typical original ground surface- -',
I, 00 \
'-<---" I
- \\\
2 I -<Ifn I
I
'01 D ......~ Ifl " III
'\\\0
\\' ,\' 0
~ .:=- \,\
10 -
~
Id",I'
t ....
I
I
I
"
-2" I :
, -. - - - -'-Pay lines for excavation
'--21
. As directed (6"Min)
Remove indurated or other unsuitable ;'
material and replace with selected "
compacted back fill where directed --,'
NOTES
except the minimum shall be 3 feet;unless otherwise
indicated on the structure drawings.
Backfill shall be compacted where required' by the
spec if icotions.
UNI TED STATES

DEPARTM'f:NT OF' THE INTERiOR
BUREAU OF ReCLAMATION

ORAWN~ ~:,,~._.,_ .SUBtltTTC'O. . ~ _
TRACED_T~If.H. RECOMMENDED. __ . . _
CHECKED . APPlfOVED. _
c,..".~ CAN. .""'NCH
DENVER. COLO. AUGVST 9.'967 103-0-1063
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
92
for Structures
EARTHWORK DETAILS, MONOLITHIC CONCRETE PIPE-- Fig. 22 Par. 2.35

EARTH OR ROCK EXCA VATION
I
/--Typical original ground surface- -',
I
I "
f i..<-...!!L _>-I ',\
"
_ _~;-=---=-~~~\l------"'T~";'
__2 - - lI ' " ,
----t=" ---/'2:/ \,
3.0' Min----~~
t
EARTH ROCK
NOTES
Backfill over pipe sholl be to the original ground surface
except the minimum shall be 3 feet ;unless otherwise
Backfill shall be compacted where required by tM
sper;ifications.
UNITED STATES
IIUREAU OF /tECL A /IIA TlON

EARTH OR ROCK EXCAVATION
ORAtlfN_~·~·~:" SUlltt/TTCD _
TRACED:!'~:!':' RECO .... E NOED _
CHECIlED APPROV£O _
C"',.'. C . N . . . . . ",ANCH
O£NVE./t. COLO. AUCI/S; '.'''7 103-0-1064
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
93
Chap. 2 General Design Information Cimals and Related Structures
for Structures
Fig. 23 Par. 2.35 EARTHWORK DETAILS, PRETENSIONED CONCRETE PIPE--

EARTH EXCAVATION
~
I
,,-Typical original ground surfoce-~,
~-~->1 ,-Cradle required :
2 I if backfill " ,/
1iJ_~;:-~""-"~=..,7,:!:,:c:-i:::=-=::=-=-=-=--'TT'-~-l--_~I "" is compac ted
I I .
, . _~ ". , / , by mechanical
3.0 Mln- ~~'!''-,---8acHil/'-f~''~//(, I tampmg or surface
L I!J /''',''
I 0 I
vibration methods
-1'+-.~ I '" /-}
~, I,," I"~
--/1/
Compacted
bat-Id i II -- -- QO
'-/:1 ....
1/ , I
"':'~?::.j:_p;y~i~e-s-fa~ -excavation
1 -'~_
I I
Pay lines for excavat,on·-'----:--/ -
>--00<::- - - Do +IO'-~">-'
, - - -.05 Do
EARTH
NOTES
except the minimum shall be 3 feet and the maximum
shall be 5 ft for Class A pipe, /0 it. for Class B,
15 it for Class C, and 20 ft for Class 0 unless
otherwise indicated on the structure drawings.
Backfill shall be compacted as shown unless
otherwise specified.
No compactIon required for 10 inch dia. pipe.
~'<Compoct backfill to i
00 when pipe diameter IS
/2 inches to /8 inches.
UNITED STATlS
O~f>ART.CNT Of' THe tNTelflOR
IIURCAu OF MCtAMATION

PRETENSIONED CONCRE.TE PIPE
EARTH EXCAVATION
DRAWN._A-:.,*-,.J!-. _ _SUB'" TrED_ _ _ _
TRAceo_T ._"'." _ .. jleco .... e NOEO ._ . _
CHECKED. APPROVEO _
C"fIW' CAN ...... • ,. ...
OENVE//, COLO. AUGUST li,IP67 103-0-1059
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
94
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 2 Ceneral Design Information
for Structures
EARTHWORK DETAILS, PRETENSIONED CONCRETE PIPE-- Fig. 24 Par. 2.35

t
I
,,- -Typical original ground surface-·,
,I 1 Do
I 1-<:'---:-<
( 2 • I
I
, ',,--/:/
Compocted ~\ 'I,
bockfll'- - -' . - :-'l,\,o'~ - _. Cradle required
- 1: -'-r-:~ --,---'.---:--1 if bock fill is
*: ~
compacted by
mechamcol
...... tamping or
~=~;;;:;;::t:~~''~;::::;""i:'~: __ y surface methods.
Pay lines for excavation-4~--~'--;:~_:.r ,-,: ~4:~S~~-~-~ay Jines for excavation
t-<- -0 0 + I 0 / ~ -",cr>-'
- - -,05 Do
Remove indurated or other unsuitable / I
~
I
- - - - As directed (6 " Min.)
material and replace with selected /
compacted backfill where directed--/
NOTES
Backfill over pipe shell be to the original ground surface
except the minimum sholl be 3 feet and the maximum
sholl be 5 ft. for Closs A pipe, 10 ft, for Closs B,
15 ft. for Closs C, and 20 n for Class 0 unless
Backfill shall be compacted as shown unless
No compaction required for 10 inch dia. pipe.
~'~Compact backfill to i Do when pipe diameter is
12 inches to 18 Inches.
UNITCO STATCS
DCPART~CNT OF THC INTCRIOR
BURCAU OF RCCLAMATION

PRETENS/ONED CONCRETE PIPE
ORAIIIN."'-,W!,_8., , _ _ SUBMITTeO _
TRACCO_Tc.....:~, _ • • RECO"'",ENOED. __ • •
CHECICED. APPROVED • •
CHI.~. CAN.&,.8 .,.ANC1-4
DENVER, COLD. AUGUST 9, '967

103-0-1060
D8-3-5 - 12/8/67
95
for Structures
Fig. 25 Par. 2.35 EARTHWORK DETAILS, PRETENSIONED CONCRETE PIPE--

,
I
,
In earth
Compocted , , _
bockfill - -- - - - • ~"~,,---,
- r-""""""'<"-'~"""-'-'--'--{/~
-u.:
~
..
....
for excallation
EARTH ROCK
NOTES
Backfill oller pipe sholl be to the originol ground surface
except the minimum shalf be 3 feet and the maximum
shaff be 5 ft for Closs A pipe, /a ft. for Class B,
/5 ft. for Closs C, and 20 ft. for Class D unless
Backfill shaff be compacted as shown unless
* otherwise specified
Compact backfill i Do where pipe dIameter /s /2 inches
to /8 inches
No compaction required for 10" dio. pipe.
UItITEO STATES
D€1'ARTtIIEItT Of' THE litTER/OR
BUREAU OF RECLA.ATIOIt

PRE TENSIONED CONCRETE PIPE
EARTH OR ROCK EXCAW4TION
ORA.It.A..:,!'~' . • • SU8tfl T TEO _
TRACfO.T ,".:."--, __ RfCO.,. ENOfO _
CHECKED . ~_APPROVED . _
4;1<41.' Ct/4litlA
DENVER, COLO. AUGUST $>, '1161 103-0-1061
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
96
for Structures
EARTHWORK DETAILS, PRECAST CONCRETE OR ASBESTOS-CEMENT' Fig. 26 Par. 2.35

PIPE--EARTH EXCAVATION
- Typical original f
ground surface ----r-------
I,,<--~ --~
"~--:-"7- ---
II/ cJ".·. 1/1' .. " • ~
4.' 0 .
~ v
v.•
Compoc ted -r)
backfill--- ---- - -'.

-......,..~-,...t
. - / ..
I'J'= - ,
;"';---==tJ~4~~~f'; . . . ' Y;--"

,r:-~ ---',
k--'-\ 0 0 + /0 -J-'->I ',~
, '," I lX' '"
". - ... ~ ",\ ,~ ' - - - - - '. . 05 00,''8 0
~ ,
\ Pay lines for
excavation - -'
EARTH
NOTES
Backfill over pipe sholl be to the Original ground surface
shall be 5 ft. for class A pipe. /0 ft. for Class /5 ft. a,
for Class C, and 20 ft, for Class D unless otherwise
Backfill shall be compacted as shown unless otherwise
specified.
UNlrED srArcs
DEPARrMENr OF rHE INTER/OIl

PRECASTCONCRETE OR ASBESTOS<EMENTPlP£
EARTH EXCAVATION
DlfA"'If.!'.·"!·~ SIl • • 'TTEO _
TItACED_L~'.:'!'__ .ItECOIIIIEMDED _
CHECKED_ - -- - AP"1fD~ED i::HT '.CAN...,.·-.· ....;Ui't:!H-

DEli It, COLO. AUGUST 9.'''' 103-0-1056
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
97
Chap. 2 General Design Information ~:un]s and nel:lled Structures
for Strucbres
Fig. 27 Par. 2.3~ EARTHWORK DETAILS, PRECAST CONCRETE OR

ASBESTOS-CEMENT PIPE--UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION
f
I
,- - -Typical onginal ground surface- -,
/ , \
I I Do I
-
/ ~-2->; I
"~~~,:::~~~~fc;=-==-===-=f=1-~!JI!!!!Il!~./,-Ill,',. I '
Ill::' , , \
II'
30' Min--~
I
/..-;.. - L
, '
- - -/:/
Compocted
bocld//I ~_ I" If
"_' "--Cradle required

~ - - If backfill is
compacted by
mechamcal tamp-
ing or surface
"'""C- - - - Do -i 10; - - '>-< .05 Do vibration methods
Remove mdurated or other unsuitable I
;' L ·As directed (6"Min)
material and rep/ace with selected
compacted backfill where dlrected-.--
NOTES
Backfill over pipe sholl be to the onginal ground surface
except the minimum sholl be 3 feet and the maximum
sholl be 5 ft for Closs A pipe, 10 ft for Closs 8,
/5 ft for Class C, and 20 ft fO(l Class 0 unless
otherwise indicated on the structure draWings.
8ackfill shall be compacted as shown unless
UNI ru)o srA rE s

DE PAR rllICIH OF rHC INrE,,'O"
BuREAU OF RECLAMATION

PRECAST CONCRETE OR ASBESTOS-eEMENTPIPE
D"A"'N_A_.~ •. __ SU8MITTEO. _ . • _
TRAC£D,!:!,~H"':' RECO"'''''END£O _
CHECKED. APPIIOVEO._ . _
CA.",. LS .ltA"" CH
O£NV£ II. COLO. AUGUST 9, /967 103 - 0 -1057
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
for Structures
EARTHWORK DETAILS, PRECAST CONCRETE OR ASBESTOS-CEMENT Fig. 28 Par. 2.35

PIPE--EARTH OR ROCK EXCAVATION
~ - Typical original ground surface - _

/ / ~\
/
,
~- e,-f ,
I rl-~';..'~r-+f~~,:::-::::-::=-,~,=;=,~,~.'I~""':~
"
~ IU • ,. " -.--1:1 In earth
'0
"'i
- - - Compocted
Cradle required , back f/II
if backfill is ,_;r~ t A
-I~ , 3
compacted by -~y! 8 Do
I", ~, i
mechanical / / ,
/ ,050 --./ - /
--t-
I
r"
\
tamping or //:. q~-:--O ... 'IQ..-~:
' --\--- ProvIde cushion of
.... ./ I 0 '.
, 0 '-- I ...
surface / '" ,/ . . . 2" +O·.9f2 +lS..... "J compacted backfill
vibration
methods -,/ "p I"
- ay Jnes or excavullon
Mo'.) of selected material
wherever rock
I foundatIon i$
, encountered.
EARTH I ROCK
NOTES
Bac/<fill over pipe shall be to the or/ginal ground surface
sholl be 5 ft. for Closs A pipe, /0 ft, for Closs 8. /5 ft.
for Closs C. and 20 ft. for Closs D unless otherwise
BacHill shall be compacted as shown unless otherwise
specified.
uN,r£D STATES
DCPARTMCNT OF THE INTCRIOR
.URC AU OF REeL AliA rlON

"CAST (X)NCRE TE OR ASBESTOS-CEMENTPfPE
DR.". !'_~'_•.' $U• • 'TTfD 0 __
T•• CfO.L,'·,~c ItfCO . . . f.OED _
CHECK' 0 __ - - - AltP"O VED C -,.,,- CAN;' - . 'itiiA"N- -,.,--

• L UGU$T P,'U 103-0-1058
DS-3- 5 - 12/8/67
99
>-rj
~,
<Q
C\:)
<:0
1:J
}\l
>--j
. -Original ground surface
Pay/me for compoctlng backfill-· 0"
C\:) o
t:J ::r
(;) ---Mound or spread as directed or }\l
I W
bockflll to limits shown on prof,les .- G'l '0
C.:>
I
CJ1 Compacted backfill where shown C\:)
on tht proffJes or where dlrected---
..... (I)
o'""CJ
C\:) -- Pay line for exccvot,on·-- >--j ::l
........ ~
~ (;)(1)
OJ Compacted bockftll on outs/dt
-~ P,pe ~ r+>--j
........ :!< of hartlontol curves--·-- I-j PJ
m ~ ~t----'
---J
-I ,.--Cradle reqUIred If compacted backfill for ~t:J
~(I)
bedoln9 by tampmg. rolling or by surface I-j Ul
:<3' vlbraflon Cradle not required If compocted (I) ~,
<3' " bock fill for beddmg IS compacted j3 (f)<Q
~~~
C> C>. by saturotlon and tnfernal vlbratlon- ::l
Compoc led bock f,lI trJ H
for beddJn~- - - - -'-_ (j)
I _-Compocled IJockflll ::l
H>
"'_' fer bedding o
Pay/me for compacting -O'ferexcavote In rock or In l.mSIJJfablt
I-j
~_~_~~~_~t:~7:"L~£},:L1;i ~
bockfill --------- moteno! as directed and repIO':t! Paylme (or compoct,tlg ~
Wlt/J compacted backfill backfll! trJ 8
·w -- - ----- -------------w- PJ
~,
TYPICAL TRENCH TYPICAL TRENCH :Q
...
STEEL PIPE 12~ AND LARGER ASSEs ros - ceMENT PIPE 12~ AND LARGER
o
PR£TENSION£D CONCRETE PIPE LARGER THAN 18"
1:J ::l
COft/CR£T£ PRESSuRE PIPE 12~ AND LARGER
PRET£NSIONEO CONCRETE PIPE IZ~ TO IB~ INCL
trJ
I
NO.'~C""LlNDER PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PIPE
I
CYLINDER PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PIPE
Or 'ginO} ground sur face >--1
o Paylfne for compactlnQ baCkf'''."" , NOTES >-<:
o If compocttd bockf/JI for beddmg IS compacted by tamping. rallmg or
_---~ _':.._ - _.:___+_-
Mound or spread as .---;--..>-;- ,i SJrfoce rlbrofton. th, tr£>n;h Width. oW; IS ttI( m;mmum Width allowed
, If compacted backfill for bedding IS compacted by soturotlOt:
dlrec led or bockflll-,~1 '
I -- ~
to IImlls shown on profile' and mternal VIbration, ,'he mmimum trench Width IS + 18" Do >
Oa and If glvtn In fat Ie art USed for calculating pay quantifies t--J
for all pipes
I D. IS instJe dlometer Qf pipe In Inches, ond sIZes of pipe >--1 o
shown refer to I 0_ ?:J ill
--_-;- -Compacted bockf,lI where trJ ::l
Poyllnes for backfIll WI II be the poy lines for exCC'lotlOfl except
". shown on the prof,let; r'Jr
where directed the vo/:.mf1 of the pipe bosed On the dlometer Do Will be deducted. Z e
Poyllne for exco'lotlOn-- and except where depth of backfill IS limited as shown on o (f)
~ the priJf,les
Compocted bockflll on ~ ~/PE 1.0.
::r: [Il
~--~Plpe Do
oufsrde of horlZontol curves-, :!< INCI1£S INCHES
'"
FEET trJ ::l
(j) P.
6 ond less I. O. +2 20
~ 11I1nK SAfETV
Over 6 thru 18 I. 0 +4 0.08J '.0 + 20 UNITED STATES ~
!! (l)
OEPARTMt:NT OF TI'f£ INTeRIOR
~ f8thru 24 f O.• 4 0,08J I.Q+J.JJ .....
1--':--'--------- ~---="- aUREAU O~ IUCL,AflAATION }\l
cJ > l:: 1./671.0
Over 24 0.097 /.0+10 r+
~ . ~ STANOARo OESIGNS (l)
p.
it',:, r':: "\-..~/ t. J.I PRESSURE PIPE
Overe ..'covofe In rock or r T -i. -;f:
-"r- --! - - ~-..:.i.'~ ._+, "~ Refill with uncompacted C~
select material r+
In IJn~uftable moterlo! ~ ._y..:.....~L,.l£...i..-t -l S TYPICAL TRENCHES >--j
as "'/fee led ami replace _ 'L J w .:t s:;
wtfh compocted bockflll- _.. , z O"~' '_",' __ 'V'~'Tr'O __ ... ~ __ .--l
~;/ - -. - - w-- r".O"D J'c ~,_., ".OOM"".~D«O _ _ ~ ..M _ -,- 2"
Payl,ne far compacting lxickfJlI----- TYPICAl. TRENCH >--j
CH.t:IC.OJ!'~".1I:W-.""190V.O ~*,. ... . ._
.. _ (l)
ALL PIPE IO~ ANO SMALLER CO",PACTED 8.CICI'ILL '0" .t:DDIN' NOTE'
0 . . . "' ..... 00 .. 0 ..... 00. III"''' Ul
40-0-6036
)
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 3 Diversion Dams
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraph
3. 1 Introduction
3. 2 Location
3.3 Foundation
3. 3A Test Holes
3.3B Design Assumptions
3. 3C Bearing Piles
3. 3D Uplift and Seepage
3.4 Maximum Floodflow
3.5 Floodflow per Foot of Crest
3. 6 Maximum Upstream Water Surface Elevation
3. 7 Downstream Rating Curve
3. 8 Downstream Erosion
3. 9 Downstream Retrogression
3. 10 Shifting of Upstream Charmel
3. 11 Ice Pressure
3.12 Earthquake
3. 13 Contraction Joints
3. 14 Waterstops
3.15 Availability of Materials
3. 16 Transportation Facilities
3. 17 Provision for Migrating Fish
3. 18 Provision for Logway
SPILLWAY SECTION
3.19 Types of Spillway Sections
3.19A Solid Gravity Concrete Overflow'Section
3.19B Concrete Dam with Control Gates on Crest
3.1OC Slab and Buttress Overflow Section
3.19D Concrete Slab on Compacted Earthfill
3.19E Rockfill Overflow Dam
3.20 Elevation of Crest
3.21 Length of Crest
3.22 Crest Shape
3.22A Solid Gravity Concrete Overflow Section
3.22B Concrete Dam with Control Gates on Crest
3.22C Slab and Buttress Overflow Section
3.220 Concrete Slab on Compacted Earthfill
3.22E Rockfill Dam
3.23 Foundation Drains
3.23A Location of Filter
3.23:8 Design of Filters
3.24 Streambed Protection
3.24A Hydraulic Jump
3.24B Upturned Bucket
3.25 Upstream Apron
3.25A Cutoff Walls
3.25B Riprap Protection
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
101
Chap. 3 Diversion Dams Canals and Related Structures
ABUTMENT SECTION
Paragraph
3.26 General
3.26A Concrete
3.26B Earth Dikes
3.27 Freeboard
3.28 Wingwalls
3.29 Handrailing
SLUICEWAYS
3. 30 Location with Respect to Headworks
3.31 Capacity and Size
3.32 Sill Elevation
3. 33 Downstream Protection
3.34 Gates
3. 35 Stoplog Grooves
DESILTING WORKS
3.36 General Consideration
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
102
TABLE OF CONTENTS--Continucd
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Dunlap Diversion Dam"'--General
Plan-Sections 3.19A 278-D-193
2 Woodston Diversion Dam--
General Plan and Sections 3.19A 468-D-259
3 Knight Diversion Dam--General
Plan and Sections--(Sheet 1 of 2) 3.19A 66-D-159
4 Knight Diversion Dam--General
Plan and Sections--(Sheet 2 of 2) 3. 19A 66-D-160
5 Putah Diversion Dam--General
Plan, Elevation, and Sections 3.19B 413-D-412
6 Putah Diversion Dam--General
Sections 3. 19B 413-D-413
7 Duchesne Feeder Canal Diversion
Dam--General Plan, Elevation,
Sections 3. 19D 209-D-441
8 Robles Diversion Dam--General
Plan 3.19E 767-D-231
9 Robles Diversion Dam--Elevation
and Section:::; 3.19E 767 -D-232
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
103
Canals and Related Structure~ Chap. 3 Diversion Dams
3. 1
.1 To make water flowing in a stream available for irrigation use, it must be INTRODUCTION
diverted by means of a diversion dam and headworks, a diversion headworks
alone, or a pumping plant. Elements of a general nature to be considered
in the design of diversion dams and headworks are discussed in this chapter.
The design of each diversion dam involves the solution of a.different set of
problems. The objectives of this chapter will therefore be to point out the
various features to be considered in the design and to establish broad limits
of control. In the structure drawings selected for illustration, there may be
instances in which current design practices differ in some respects from
those illustrated .
.2 The approximate location of a di'Jersion dam is usually established by the LOCATION

requirements of the proj ect plan. These requirements are not considered
in this chapter. However, it should be noted that although the general loca-
tion of a structure is fixed by other than design considerations, the precise
location may usually be shifted within certain limits, so that advantage can
be taken of natural features of the site to pr-ovide for economy of construction.
.3 It may be required to place a diversion dam on almost any type of foundation FOUNDATION
material. Few sites for diversion dams permit construction on a rock foun-
dation, since bedrock is usually at such depth that its use as a foundation is
impracticable. Because most diversion dams are founded on pervious or
semipervious riverbed materials, only these will be discussed here. Con-
siderations in th8 design of diversion dams founded on rock are similar to
those in the design of gravity dams discussed in Chapter 2, Gravity Dams,
of Design Standards No.2, Concrete Dams. The following items concerning
foundations require consideration in the design:
A. Test borings or test pits are necessary for investigation of the character Test Holes
of the material upon which the dam is to be founded.
B. In the design of a dam, the allowable bearing pressure, shearing Design

strength, and sliding factor must be selected either upon the basis of Assumptions
past experience, or from the results of tests of the foundation material
in place or tests of samples taken from the test holes or test pits.
C. Bearing piles are seldom used as supports for diversion dams, although Bearing
they may be prOVided where a dam must be built on an unstable founda- Piles
tion material. This type of construction affords very little protection
against undermining of the structure and has been a contributing factor
in the failure of several dams. Imperial Dam on the Colorado River is
an example of a diversion dam built on piles. The design of Imperial
Dam is discussed in the Boulder Canyon Project Final Reports, Part IV,
Design and Construction, Bulletin 6, Imperial Dam and Desilting Works.
D. The installation of cutoff walls, aprons, filters, and drains is discussed Uplift
subsequently in this chapter. The purpose of these features is twofold: and
to control the amount of seepage under the dam, and to limit the inten- Seepage
sity of the uplift so that the stability of the structure will not be threat-
ened. Several factors such as the head on the dam, permeability of the
foundation, length of upstream and downstream aprons, depth and tight-
ness of cutoff, and effectiveness of drains enter into consideration of
under seepage and uplift.
The magnitude of the uplift forces under the structure and the amount of
under seepage for a given coefficient of permeability can be obtained from
a flow net. A theoretical discussion of the flow net and tables of repre-
sentative coefficients of permeability may be found in Engineering Mono-
graph No.8, entitled "Theory and Problems of Water Percolation, II by
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
105
3.4
GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS--Continued
Uplift C. N. Zangar. Most standard texts on hydraulic structures, including
and "Engineering for Dams, " by Creager, Justin and Hinds, show typical
Seepage examples of flow nets.
(Cont'd. )
The flow net itself may be constructed either by sketching or by electric
tray analogy. For preliminary design it is sufficient to sketch the flow
net, provided the foundation material is homogeneous or reasonably
close to it. Lack of homogeneity need not rule out sketching the flow net,
but the more complex the foundation the less reliable the results since
an assumption of homogeneity is basic.
For all final designs and for preliminary designs on complex foundations,
a flow net should not be attempted by sketching. Electric analogy is the
best method for any foundation, and complex foundations can be simu-
lated by varying the depth of the electrolyte in various regions in accord-
ance with the permeability of the material. The electric analogy is an
accurate and inexpensive method of obtaining a flow net which leads to
estimating uplift intensities under the dam and quantity of underseepage.
It should be noted that, for all homogeneous foundations (or those assumed
homogeneous), the shape of the flow net does not depend on the perme-
ability of the foundation. The permeability coefficient is a factor in the
computation for underseepage but not for uplift.
In considering the safety of a concrete dam on a pervious foundation,
many engineers have found that Lane's weighted-creep theory is helpful.
This theory is fully explained in the ASCE Transactions, Volume 100,
1935, ur;der the title of "Security From Underseepage." Mr. Lane tested
his theory by analyzing more than 200 existing dams, both failures and
nonfailures. This theory gives another method of computing uplift under
the dam, and it enables the designer to judge the safety of the structure
by the cGmputation of the weighted-creep-head ratio.
Khosla's method of independent variables, presented in the journal of
the Central Board of Irrigation, India, September 1936, is another theory
that is G seful in estimating the magnitude and distribution of uplift pres-
sures under the dam.
The possibility of piping should always be investigated where a concrete
dam is constructed on a pervious foundation. The most critical area is
at the downstream toe of the dam or at the bottom of the downstream
cutoff. I'~t any depth the submerged weight of the soil above the point in
question must exceed the pressure potential in the soil in order to have
some margin of safety against piping. Safety against piping may be
increased by adding riprap over the questionable area or by providing a
filtered weep or drain to relieve the pressure potential, or both•
rvlAXIMUM .4 Diversion dams are designed to safely pass floodflows of 50- or lOa-year
FLOOD- probable frequency. The selection of the design flood is governed by economic
FLOW considerations. The responsibilities and procedures for determination of
maximum floodflows for diversion dams are given in the Reclamation Instruc-
tions, Series 110, Planning, and 130, Design .
?LOOD- .5 For the desigr; of dams located on a sandy foundation, the flood discharge per
FLOW PER linear foot of ove.,-' ~low crest is usually limited because of the cost of protect-
FOOT OF ing a9ainst downstream erosion. The discharge per linear foot of dam may
CHEST also be limited l-,y the allowable upstream water surface elevation.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
106
3.6
MAXIMUM UP-
.6 The maximum allowable upstream water surface elevation is often depend- STREAM WATER
ent on the elevation of railroads, highways, bridges, buildings, and other SURFACE
properties. ELEVATION
.7 The rating curve of the natural stream below the dam is necessary to per- DOWNSTREAM
mit proper provision in the design for energy dissipation. Information in RATING
regard to this downstream water surface elevation may also be necessary CURVE
to determine the flood discharge in cases of submerged overpour. For a
discussion pertaining to effect of submergence on coefficient of discharge,
see Hydraulic Laboratory Report No. 182, entitled "Studies of Flow Charac-
teristics, Discharge and Pressures Relative to Submerged Dams, " by
J. N. Bradley.
.8 Erosion of the streambed downstream from the dam should be prevented by DOWNSTREAM
the proper design for the dissipation of energy of the overpour water and EROSION
by provision for riprap or rock paving on the banks and bottom of the stream-
bed. A cutoff wall is usually provided at the downstream end of the structure
as additional protection against erosion.
.9 Retrogression of a sandy streambed downstream from a diversion dam DOWNSTREAM
should be expected, particularly where an upstream storage reservoir RETROGRES-
will intercept and retain the natural sand load carried by the stream. In SION
some cases, protection against this lowering of the streambed and the
resulting lowering of the tailwater elevation may become very difficult and
costly.
.10 Where a diversion dam is to be built across a stream meandering down a SHIFTING OF
flat valley floor, there may be danger of the stream shifting to another UPSTREAM
location during a flood and thus bypassing the dam completely. Consider- CHANNEL
able riverbank protection may be necessary to guard against this contin-
gency, or a long dike may be required across the valley floor .
• 11 In cold climates, ice pressure may become a very important factor in the ICE
design of diversion dams. The ice pressure constitutes a relatively larger PRESSURE
force on small dams than on large ones. Final selection of the design value
should be made after consideration of the importance of the effects of re-
straint, temperature, and snow conditions. These factors will vary with the
individual locality. For a more complete discussion of ice pressures, see
"Thrust Exerted by Expanding Ice Sheet, " by Edwin Rose, ASCE Transactions,
Volume 112, page 871, and "Experimental Inve~tigations by the Bureau of
Reclamation, " by G. E. Monfore, ASCE Transactions, Volume 119, page 26.
• 12 Forces due to earthquakes acting on the structure should be considered in EARTH-
the design of diversion dams. The intensity of the earthquake force to be QUAKE
used in the design will depend on the area where the structure is to be built.
Engineering Monograph No. 11, entitled "Hydrodynamic Pressures on Dams
Due to Horizontal Earthquake Shock" gives the hydrodynamic pressures on
dams due to horizontal earthquake effects .
. 13 Contraction joints in diversion dam structures require considerable study. CONTRACTION
They must be watertight in spite of differential settlement and must provide JOINTS
for contraction and expansion of the concrete to prevent cracking. See
Chapter 2, General Design Information for Structures, for further informa-
tion on contraction joints.
. 14 Rubber waterstops have been used successfully for many years to seal con- WATERSTOPS
traction joints where movement is probable. Recent specifications permit
use of plastic waterstops as an alternative to rubber.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
107
Chap. 3 Diversion Dams Ccmals and Related Structures
3.15
AVAIL- .15 The economic design of a diver'oiu!l cleun way be considerably influe'lced by
ABILITY the availability and cost of certain construction materials at the particular
OF site. Such materials are rock for riprap; sand and gravel, or crushed rock
MATE- for concrete aggregates, roads, blankets, and filters; and earth for com-
RIALS pac ted fills.
TRANSPOR - . 16 The design of a diversion dam may be influenced by the proximity of railroads
TATION and highways which affect the cost of materials to be used.
FA CIllTIES
PROVI- · 17 Some diversion dams are located on streams which support large numbers
SION FOR of migratory and other types of fish, wUch may be important both commer-
111GRA- cially and recreationally. Fish screens and fish ladders must be provided
TORY in these cases to prevent the entry of fish intu the canals cmd to permit the
F1SH natural migration of fish to and from their spawning areas.
PROVI- · 18 In some cases, it rr.ay be necessary to provide logways for the passage of
SION FOR logs being floated to the sawmills.
LOG WAY
SPILLWP.Y SECTION
TYPES · 19 In selecting the type of spillway section to be used in the design of a diversion
OF dam for a particular site, the following controlling factors are to be consid-
SPILLWP.Y ered: character and strength of foundation; availability of construction mate-
SECTIONS rial; necessity for a controlled crest· ann cost. 'The types of spillway sections
most generally used ir. the design of diversion dams are lis',ed below and dis-
cussed in the following paragraphs:
Concrete ogee solid gravity

Concrete dam with control gates on crest
Concrete agee slab and buttress
Concrete slab on compacted earthfill
Rockfill
Solid A. The usual form of the solid gravity concrete overflow section has a verti-
Gravity cal upstream face and a rounded crest with an agee face downstream.
Concrete This type is the one most commonly used where no control of the up-
Overflow stream water surface during floodflows is needed; it is most frequently
Section used on a rock foundation. In case the dam is to be built on a sand or
gravel foundation, the extent to which this type can be used will depend
on the supporting power of the foundation material. Examples of solid
gravity diversion dams are shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Concrete B. The concrete dam with crest control gates is used where control of the
Dam with upstream water surface during floodflows is necessary. This control
Control is required where the great value of property and improvements affected
Gates on by backwater prohibits the use of an uncontrolled crest. The most dis-
Crest tinguishing feature of the various gated-crest dams is the type of gates
used. The type of gate to be selected depends principally on the condi-
tions under which the gates must operate. Problems involved in select-
ing the type of gates to be used for a particular dam and a given set of
operating conditions require special study. An example of a concrete
dam with control gates on the crest is the Putah Diversion Dam shown
in Figures 5 and 6.
Slab and C. The slab and buttress overflow section is constructed of reinforced con-
Buttress crete and usually consists of a sloping upstream slab and an ogee-shaped
Overflow dowr.stream face supported on a horizontal foundation slab by equally
Section spaced concrete buttresses. An example of a slab and buttress diversion
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
108
Canals and Rel".ted Structure:> Chap. 3 Diversion Dams
3.19D
SPILLWAY SECTION--Continued
dam is the Imperial Dam on the Colorado River. This type of dam, Slab and
being much lighter per square foot of area covered than the solid gravity Buttress
type, is more suitable to foundations with low bearing strength. The Overflc'w
difference in first cost between a slab and buttress dam and a solid Section
gravity dam depends on local conditions and the availability of construc- (Cont'd. )
tion material. The slab and buttress type of construction is seldom used
for dams of heights less than 20 feet.
D. The concrete slab on a compacted earthfill type of overflow section may Concrete
be used economically where the height is 5 feet or less. It consists of Slab on
reinforced concrete slabs extending upstream and downstream from Compacted
the crest which rests on a sheet-piling cutoff wall. The downstream Earthfill
slab is constructed on a filter and is weeped to prevent uplift. The
Duchesne Diversion Dam constructed across the Duchesne River
(Figure 7) is of this type.
E. In locations where rock is plentiful and economical to obtain, the over- Rockfill
flow section may consist of a rockfill with either a sheet-piling or con- Overflow
crete diaphragm to form the crest and cutoff. The rockfill is placed Section
on top of a filter to prevent the overflowing water from displacing the
foundation material. Rock for the rockfill is angular in shape and
derrick-placed in such a manner that the rock will resist displacement
by a keying or interlocking effect. This interlocking is particularly
important in the downstream portion of the section. The minimum size
of rock and the slopes are dependent on the amount of overpour per
linear foot of crest and the height of dam. Ordinarily, the downstream
slope is flatter and the rock is of larger size than in the upstream por-
tion of the dam because of the greater likelihood of displacement. This
type of dam is often economical to construct; but it is limited in height
to 5 feet maximum between the upstream and downstream water surfaces
and to a capacity of about 30 cis per foot of width, because of question-
able stability against very high velocity flows over the downstream rock-
fill. Ldditional percolation path to that furnished by the diaphragm is
sometimes provided by an impervious blanket extending upstream under
the gravel filter and rockfill. This blanket should be carefully placed
and well protected, and should be thick enough to eliminate any danger
of a fracture. The rockfill design is not recommended for use on easily
erodible foundations. An example of a rockfill design is Robles Diver-
sion Dam shown in Figures 8 and 9.
• 20 The purpose of a diversion weir is to raise or control the water surface in ELEVATION
the river so that the desired flow may be diverted into the canal and yet OF CREST
function properly as a spillway for floodflows. The water surface elevation
in the pool formed by the diversion dam is determined by the head required
for the canal when flowing at full capacity. When the entire flow of the river
at low flows may be diverted, the uncontrolled crest or the top of the gates
on a gated crest usually has about O. 5-foot freeboard above the water surface
required to supply the canal. This freeboard is necessary to prevent water
from being wasted over the dam by wave action. When the minimum flow in
the river exceeds diversion requirements, it is necessary only that the mini-
mum low water level of the river upstream of the dam be high enough above
the canal water surface to provide the necessary head for the canal. The
elevation of a gated crest is usually determined from an economic study of
various size gates and by the maximum allowable upstream water surface
during floods .
. 21 There are many factors, depending on the physical features of a given site, LENGTH
to be considered in determining the length of the overflow weir. Because OF
of the many factors involved, no fixed rule can be made for determining CREST
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
109
3.22
SPILL WA Y SECTION--Continued
LENGTH the crest length. One important factor influencing the crest length of the
OF overflow weir is cost.
CREST
(Cont'd. ) The most economical crest length for a given flood can be determined by
comparing the cost of weirs of various lengths with the cost of other features
affected by the crest length. Some of the more important features to be con-
sidered in making these cost comparisons are the following: cost of relocat-
ing public utilities that will be affected by backwater, such as roads, railroads,
telegraph, and telephone lines, pipelines, etc.; cost of stilling pool and other
prot2ction downstream; cost of nonoverflow section and abutments; cost of
headworks and slUiceway; and cost of right-of-way. The economical crest
length will be the one giving the minimum combined cost. It may not always
be practical to use the economical crest length because of other controlling
features, but these cost studies can be used as a guide in selecting the proper
crest length. Features other than cost that are to be considered in selecting
the crest length are foundation conditions and general shape of the river chan-
nel. For example, in a gravel-bedded stream on relatively steep gradient,
an examination of the topography at the diversion site and for a distance up-
stream and downstream will usually give an indication of the stable width of
the stream: a lE:ngth of crest approximating this width should be satisfactory.
This criterion will not apply to a meandering low-flow channel in a wide flood
plain.
CREST . 22 The shape of the crest will depend on the type of spillway section used.
SHAPE
Solid P.. The crest of a solid gravity concrete overflow section should approxi-
Gravity mate the shape of the lower nappe of an overfalling stream over a sharp-
Concrete crested weir. A simple scheme suitable for most low diversion dams
Overflow with a vertical upstream face is to shape the upstream to an arc of a
Section circle and the downstream surface to a parabola. The parabola should
extend down to its point of tangency with the downstream slope of the
dam. The necessary information for defining the shape is shown below.
Parabola
When a better coefficient of discharge is required or when the head

on the crest is h~gh, Engineering Monograph No.9, entitled "Discharge
Coefficients for Irregular Overfall Spillways, " should be used to set the
shape of the crest.
B. OperatiomJ procedure dictates the shape of the crest for a concrete dam Concrete
with control cntes to some extent. If the gates are to be operated at Dam with
small 'Jpeniny::i for any extended length of time, then, in order to pre- Control
vent the jet from springing free or making and breaking, this shape Gates on
shoulrJ appr0ximate a parabola which is defined by the equation Crest
X 2 ", 4 HY. However, if the gates when operated are usually wide open,
a better (~oEf£kient of discharge for the larger flows can be obtained by
use of Engineering Monograph No.9.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
110
3.22C
SPILLWAY SECTION--Continued
C. . The downstream surface of the crest for a slab and buttress overflow Slab and
section should be the same as for the solid gravity section if ungated, Buttress
or the same as for a concrete dam with control gates if gated. The Overflow
upstream surface usually has a radius at the crest, but the upstream Section
face itself is usually sloping instead of vertical as in the previous cases.
D. The crest for a concrete slab on compacted earthfill is a broad-crested Concrete Slab
weir with flat slopes either way from the crest. on Compacted
Earthfill
E. The crest for a rockfill overflow section is usually a cutoff wall of Rockfill
concrete, wood or steel sheet piling with a flat rock slope each way Overflow
from the cutoff wall. The upstream slope may be somewhat steeper Section
than the downstream slope because of the water action.
. 23 Foundation drains for diversion dams generally consist of a main filter FOUNDATION
located under the downstream toe of the dam. Outlets from the filter drain DRAINS
consist of pipes extending from the filter to the top surface of the apron or
to the downstream face of the dam. It is preferable for these outlet pipes
to be sloped in a downstream direction so the water flOWing over the dam
will produce an ej ector effect to increase the action of the filter drain. If
conditions are such that a deep stilling pool is required where silt-laden
water is expected to stand for extended periods of time, the outlet pipes
may become clogged with sediment. In this case consideration should be
given to placing flap valves on the outlet ends of the pipes, or some other
measures should be provided to prevent clogging.
A. The location of the filter is a matter of cost. If the filter is located Location
near the downstream toe of the overflow section, additional upstream of Filter
apron and cutoff wall will be reqUired to furnish the necessary path of
percolation. On the other hand, if the filter is located at the down-
stream edge of the apron, the apron can be considered as contributing
to the percolation path and the length of upstream apron can be reduced.
However, with the filter in the latter location, the amount of uplift would
be increased, thus requiring more concrete in the dam and apron for
stability. Generally, a filter near the downstream toe of the overflow
section of the dam will be at the most economical location.
B. The gradation of the foundation material determines the type of filter to Design
be used. The two types of filters commonly used are zoned and graded of
filters. The criteria for designing protective filters is described in Filters
Earth Material Laboratory Report No. EM-425 .
. 24 Protection of the streambed downstream from the overflow weir is furnished STREAMBED
by a downstream apron or an upturned bucket, both supplemented with heavy PROTECTION
riprap or articulated concrete blocks. The upturned bucket should be used
only in streambeds composed of boulders and coarse gravel, or other mate-
rial not easily eroded. The riprap or articulated block protection should be
placed on a blanket of gravel or rock spalls to prevent the streambed mate-
rial from being drawn up through the interstices in the protection. In the
case of fine streambed material, it may be necessary to construct this
blanket as a filter using a layer of sand as the lower course with a layer of
gravel on top.
A. One of the most effective means of dissipating the kinetic energy of the Hydraulic
water discharging over a weir is by means of a hydraulic jump on a con- Jump
crete apron. The use of baffle blocks can improve the jump and reduce
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
III
Chap. 3 Diversion Dams C3Hlls :mJ I\el:lted Structures
3.24B
SPILLWP.Y SECTION--Continued
Hydraulic the required tail water depth and length of jump. Engineering Monograph
Jump No. 2b- gives desi'Jn criteri8 for stilling basins and the arranqement of baf-
(Cont'd. ) fle blocks. Unless a model study shows otherwise, the minimum length
of apron should be four times the depth of the hydf8ulic jump, or 4d z .
On streams where retrogression can be expected, it is very important

to make an estimate of its amount so that the tailwater rating curve can
be adjusted to r'epresent future conditions. Otherwise, construction
which provides a perfect jump with present tailwater elevations will
become worthless because of L'l8 future lowering of the tailwater due to
retrogression of the river channel.
Upturned B. Where hightailwCl tel' is available, an upturned bucket may be used for
Bucket energy dissipation and may be more economical than a concrete apron
because of the smaller amount of concrete needed for constrllctiO:1. The
upturned bucket should 'not be used where riverbed material will erode
easily and where there is a possibility that degradation of the streambed
will lower the tailwater helow the design minimum. Engineering Mono-
graph No. 2~) gives the design ::~riteria for setting the bucket elevation
and dimensions. Woodston Diversion D:lm (see Fi;Jure 2) is an example
of a diversion darn with an upturned bucket to dissip3te the energy.
UPSTREAM .25 An upstream concrete 3pron has been found very advantageous for diversion
APRON dams on pervious s:md or gravel foundations. In addition to providing an
increased lengtn of path of percolation, the 8pron provides space for the
several rows of sheet piling sometirr es c-equired. The upstream apron, or
a part thereof, is:':ten tied by steel rei;rforcement to the dam, thus develop-
ing a substantial inc:ce;ise in the sliding resistance of the whole structure.
Still another purpose of the upstream apron is to p:event erosion adj acent to
the dam during periods of floodflow. A minimum length of apprOXimately
three times the height of the overflow section will give good proportions.
Cutoff A. An 1.Apstream cutoff wall or walls under the apron usually furnish a large
Walls portion of the required path of percolation under a diversion dam. These
cutoff walls may be formed by steel, timber, or concrete sheet piling;
by mixed-in-place cement-bound curtains; or by concrete walls. The
cutoffs should extend to impervious material wherever practicable. If
foundations contain large boulders which would interfere with the driving
of sheet piling, trenches for the cutoffs can be excavated. These trenches
should be excavated on slopes such that shoring of the excClvation will not
be required. The cutoff can be constructed in the trench bClckfilled with
impervious material, or if sheet piling is used the trench can be back-
filled first and the sheet piling driven into the bClekfill. Severed fac tors
will determine the type of cutoff wall used. Arnon,;]' these factors are the
initial cost of construction, cost of maintenance, weder tightness desired,
type of foundation material, etc. Cutoffs should be spaced no closer them
about three times the depth of the deepest cutoff.
Riprap B. Often it is necessary to furnish some protection against erosion of the

Protection streambed and banks upstream from the apron and wingwalls. Riprap
is the most commonly used' material for this purpose. Since the maxi-
mum velocities upstream from the dam are lower than the original river
velocities before the dam was built, the ripnp usually need not be very
heavy. In fact, a coarse gravel blcxJwt will often serve in lieu of riprap.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
112
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 3 Diwersion D8.ms
3.26
ABUTMENT SECTION
.26 Where it is not economical or desirable from design considerations to extend GENERAL
the spillway section across the entire river channel, the length which is not
closed by a spillway section is closed by a nonoverflow or abutment section.
Abutment sections are of concrete tied into the river banks or into earth dikes.
A. Concrete abutment sections are designed as low concrete dams. Pro- Concrete
tection at the banks is provided by cutoff walls and wingwalls.
B. Earth dikes are designed on the same principles as low earth dams. Earth
The top width should be sufficient for the travel of trucks or cars for Dikes
inspection, maintenance, and access to the spillway section and head-
works. The upstream slopes must be protected against erosion, wave
action, and the destructive work of rodents. This protection can be
provided by riprap, grass, willows, or brush mats. The downstream
slope is not usually protected unless the floodwater rises to considerable
height on the embankment.
.27 Freeboard must be provided to prevent overtopping by wave action and for FREE-
an additional safety factor. The minimum freeboard should be 2 feet. BOARD
.28 Wingwalls are provided to join the spillway section or the headworks to the WING-
earth dike or banks. They prevent erosion of the banks and provide resist- WALLS
ance to percolation around the end of the spillway section or headworks.
They can be vertical, warped, or sloped, depending on the general design
and hydraulic requirements. The walls are designed for the earth and water-
loads to which they will be subjected .
. 29 Handrailing is provided to prevent injury to the public or operators. The HANDRAILING
three common types of railing are pipe, concrete, and wood. Additional
information concerning safety features of diversion dams, including hand-
railing, may be found in Chapter 3, Safety Design Standards, of Design
Standards No. 1.
SLUICEWAYS
.30 Sluiceways are required in the majority of diversion dams to reduce the LOCATION
amount of stream bedload entering the headworks and to assist in maintain- WITH
ing a channel to the headworks. For these reasons, it is desirable to place RESPECT
the sluiceway as near the headworks as practicable. The sluiceway should TO
be placed normal to the axis of the spillway so as to discharge its flow in a HEADWORKS
direction parallel with the flow over the spillway. The angle of the head-
works with the sluiceway may vary from almost 0 to 90 0 • The amount of this
angle can best be determined for model studies, unless otherwise limited by
local conditions. The angle of the headworks will be discussed further in the
following chapter.
.31 The capacity depends on the amount of stream bedload to be sluiced from CAPACITY
in front of the headworks, and should be large enolo<gh to maintain a channel AND SIZE
to the headworks. Often, an arbitrary capacity of at least twice the capacity
of the headworks is chosen provided the amount of water available for sluic-
ing is not limited. The minimum required capacity for sluicing can best be
determined by model studies. If trees and logs as floating debris are ex-
pected, the minimum width of the sluiceway should be sufficient to accommo-
date them without danger of clogging.
.32 The sill is usually placed approximately at the level of the bed of the river SILL
and should be at least 1 foot and preferably 3 to 4 feet below the sill of the ELEVATION
headworks.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
113
3.33
SLUICEWA YS--Continued
DOWN- .33 Because the head on the sluiceway is greater than the head on the overflow
STREAM spillway, the concentration of flow per foot of width of sluiceway will be
PROTEC- greater than that per linear foot of spillway. Also, for the condition where
TION the sluiceway alone is discharging, that is, no water flowing over the spill-
way crest, the tailwater will be at a comparatively low elevation. For lhese
reasons the slUiceway stilling pool must be placed at a lower elevation than
the stilling pool for the spillway, and additional downstream protection should
be provided to accommodate the hydraulic jump. The rules for the design of
the sluiceway stilling pool are the same as those for the spillway pool.
GATES .34 Either radial gates or slide gates are used to control the sluiceway opening,
but in general, open-type radial gates are preferable to pass floating trees
and logs. It is not usually necessary to make the height of the open-type gates
sufficient to extend from the sluiceway sill to maximum water surface. That
is because the most opportune time to sluice is when there is maximum flow
in the stream, and thus the sluiceway gate should be in a partially, if not
completely, open position. The amount of gate opening is dependent only on
the safe concentration of flow per foot of width of the sluiceway. The sluice-
way gates can be either hand- or power-operated. Power-operated gates are
preferable, particularly if the gate area exceeds 100 square feet. Power-
operated gates are also desirable to allow automatic operation on streams
where there is appreciable fluctuation in flow. Stoplog-controlled sluiceways
are not recommended because of the inflexibility of operation.
STOP LOG . 35 Stoplog groo'Jes should be provided for repair and closure in case of damage
GROOVES to the gates.
DESILTING WORKS
GENERAL . 36 As before stated, the sluiceway is primarily used to protect the headworks
CONSIDER- from an accumulation of stream bedload. The sluiceway is of little or no
ATIONS value in prcL8ction against suspended silt load; hence some other means of
protection must be employed for suspended silt removal. This protection
usually consists of some form of settling basin placed in the canal just down-
stream from the headworks. The basin should be of such size that the ve-
locity of the water flowing through it into the regular canal section will be
low enough to allow the silt to settle in the basin and only the clear water to
enter the canal. This velocity will depend on the size of silt particles in
suspension, and the length of the basin will depend on the depth and expected
rate of settlF'ment. The accumulation of silt in the basin may be removed
either by sluicing or by mechanical means.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
114
CanCil;:; and Related Stracture:s Chap. 3 Diversion Dams
DUNLAP DIVERSION DAM--GENERAL PLAN-SECTIONS Fig. 1 Par. 3. j9A
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
115
Canals and Related structures Chap. 3 Diversion Dams
WOODSTON DIVERSION DAM--GENERAL PLAN AND SECTIONS Fig. 2 Par. 3.19A
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

: :7
Canals Rcl::ttpd Strw:bres Chap. 3 Diversior, Dams
KNIGHT DIVERSION DAM--GENERAL PLAN AND SECTIONS Fig. 3 Par. 3.19A

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KNIGHT DIVERSION DAM
GENERAl. PLAN AND SECTIONS
_ .._ .•.• !,_-.:':: . ."T••__ ._!~!'_"}PP~~_
T _.!"~.."'!' _•• _._._._.)!.. G_•• ~!!,!!~ _
_ _" •• J""'JI~~'.l'I&.. _ _• •• __.-. H. Wolt
DS-3-5 - 12/8/6? 119

".L'; Chap. 3 Diversion Dams
KNICHT DIVr::,SION DAM--Cf:NERAL PLAN AND SECTIONS Fig. 4 Par. 3. 19A

Sheet 2 of 2
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I
.rZ.>ilJ'.. .' {~"-,m",, e ~ GENERAL PLAN AND SECTIONS
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66-0-160
DS-:i-5 - 1'3/8/67
P'
C[t!1(l.. S ::,nd R e 1"1. tel: Stn.:.cture.s Chap, 3 Diversion Dams
PUTAH DlVETISION DAM--GENERAL PLAN, ELEVATION, AND SECTIONS Fig. 5 Par. 3.19B
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.... i l ir' )
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EMBANKMENT EXPLANA nON
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, ' ...:":'-'"-J,-,' . -"'r' , >::.:: roller sro 6wlcfl'oyer s
@-S8Iecfed fflr5celloflf!()us materlol plOHld m 12·ir"h heri-
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t4',j~: - ://!!,. '<;'~':::::~,-::Iu~n_d~:~~curtal~- --Boco/'II
SECTION D-D
. ~~~",;;t"!~~:'"" SECTION C-C "_see;~~:I~;O~drQm
03-3-5 - 12/2/67 (Supersedes 1/6/01) 123

SLruc.tures Chap. 3 Diversion Dams
PUTAH DIVERSION DAM--GENERAL SECTIONS Fig, 6 Par. 3. WB
..... -Il,fere"~' I m - . - - -
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SECTION Cement-borJnd
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S~CTION E-£
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SECTION H+H
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beddmf] SECTION K-K
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..~f~'/ S~CTION M-M
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SECTION L-L
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

PebL'd Str"J.ctllre:-" Chap. 3 Diversion Darns
IJUCmm·JE FEEDEfl 2ANAL DIVERSION DAM--GENERAL PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS Fig. 7 Par. 3.19D
~~
'C" 22 ~o· 20'0·

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r,;1~ SECTION 8-8
)(//
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- ~I~"
SEC TION C-C
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famped bo,kf,Jluround SEC TION D~D
G£NERAL PLAN al/con,;rde ,fruelure:;
f.1,5372oo ,: j""@:rbothwGY5
NOTES
Ordinary floodanfiClpaf,d once m 10 years
~"1rP Ma~imum floodanticrpaftd onc, in I/O years.
'; ... 12" Elevufions for ordinoryandmatimum fl()ods are cakulofld
IO'Woodsheefpilrng
oncr#!sfofdamaf[f..5j1S,S
ReinForcement steel shown on thiS drawing to be d61oi/td in
the field For all other reinlorc,m,nf su Dwgs.10'·O-J'5
SEC TION E-£ to 209D-J89 ;"d/Hive
Top of dike "- ;-::i-'----':f:::-±:::.:..:.~.::-±_.c._+_.' .. i: -L-:£ _l, [153116,00 Original qrcund _,,;r(ocp "~~"'''.c"r ".- r"~ "HC"'Q.
.v .. uv ,,~_"cc, ...... no ..
£;.,.~,..t__._- M.al F~ood WS fI S18~ iJ _Q".'8,_000 ~rs,
K{,,!~ Inn·nf·· "OrdmaryF'oo/}W\'[1.5J810 Q.<Ig.QOOC.F,
~reS/Ofdom~--;- - --i~ "i~1 OUCHESNE FEEDER CANAL
Ili'I~~':'<'. __ -..J /'_ II _Ih-~-:--=~~',,~-~~-----,~-==--=--c....-_--- ."- . 1111-~;I:II::::::i:: DIVERSION DAM
1:;"Ii! - ,1::::: ~:~~F WOQdsheetpl/mq 1111'1111,1:111' ., GENERAL PLAN-ELEVATION~Si!CTlON5
III 1',,111 10111111'111 1111:1111 11
UPSTREAM £L£VATION SEC TfON F_;ayerofse'~ctedqrciVell~
:DFVELOP£V,I TRAC'" _~_M.",_
JI Wmm 1':.::::::::.,0 r'~-;;":M9-o-~411

DS-3-o - i~:;8/07 (Supersede" i/6/61)
127
Chap. 3 Diversion Dams
,'WBLES DIVERSION DAM--GENERAL PLAN Fig. BPar. 3.19E
(' ;'/ '

1'1
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NOTe
£Je~otIO" 4-A o"d Seaif)flS 8-8 t"'" H-H are
S/lownon[J"9 7 67-lJ-2J2
DS-3-0 - 13/8/67 (Supersedes 1/n/61)

1.'0
C:~L".ls 2,::,3. Chap. 3 Diversion Dams
ROBLES DIVERSION DAM--ELEVATION AND SECTIONS Fig. 9 Par. 3.19E
Jig!lfmr;sfl]odords,l1f1d(}O" ~oi,t$ nots/lol//(h.

,·JO·-o"x 9··(;"Rar:MllJOte
fof1"e
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ELEVATION A-A
", . ,
.
~{;"'LE or FEEf
t' 'Reference line ,
RoCkf<JI,50\l.of$U,-(lJcerrxJoshlJllbeicu;t1"" + -J50 .-RocHill·50,," orsurlocerock sho/J/:JetCU¥d

or larger ""t,~ ro I'(lC~ ie55 fhon cu t '1: , IJrlorqer.'fhnol'(lCkf8$stheJlllcu.ft_
_?",,",<_n_~~"'W4_~L'"
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~4 6'Concretesond
- ~~f;;,:~~ .
~_~0Compaded IITl/JerIllOUS rotH/II " - 11«""11,' 50'" of mteriar rock shall be f w. fl
r'rnber cutoff.all or larqer wiMrolmore Ihan 10'" ruck spall5 .-----
'Rockfr!f, 5;)!;o(,nI<!nor rock S/lollbs;ClIft - ~3.a':-<

orlorger lII!thnolmore fhOI' '0", roO spoilS
SECTION 8-S SECTtON C-C !. ~ 16"' Bolls ar eq",volent
'-.,1/1rwdedrod5 {il J't crs.
,
2' P,pe~afl<irOfJ ~ 'ghf,1ltJ standard ('Reference line
'If- .7:"'';:'-"<6"~
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. - -~ . --~ /
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orlAltJ!e
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"SER ZCUTOFF
I2'GravellJeddiflf)
DrainS
SECTION E-£ NOTE
SECTION G-G For localioo of fle~ClTia!1 ond Sect,ons!
seeOwq'67-f}-2JI
Ong,no{ grttmG lurrace

-- ,__ ----- J __
------I_[l7~35 ... ' , _-+ ,2'Pipeh<Jnrlra,' :;J(lpe~U770i
"'E"A"T"'~"T OF r ..r ,,,rritItUl

fl'v"r'"" OF "rC~A"ArrON
RocRoc:":;r;ii.,'~~:;:;,,~;:~:",)";
/1, c~ ,0
be,
cu,Fr :' .~, Vr graveltJeddmq, 1:1 '55,!>O. I'l--rx,c«fll!<-..... '. y ~ ROBLES DIVERSION DAM
i:;.:r~:L.~~.:i~":~;:;;;;".~:.!.i~'2~
,"'_/r'm~.~w"C(~"
.J?'r:";~1Jl.t.~ """.,_.~~" ;':' ' .' eLEVATION AND S~CTIONS
12-": { ~
SECTION D-D -. SECTION H-M
SEerro,.. F-F
D8-3-5 - ! ?/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

131
Cam.ls and Related Structures Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph
4. 1 Definition
4.2 Function
4.3 Location
4.4 Relation to Other Structures
4. 5 Effect of Stream Curvature
4.6 Foundation Conditions
CONTROL STRUCTURE TYPES

4. 7 Form of Structure
4.8 Radial-gate Open Type
4.9 Radial-gate Submerged Type
4.10 Closed Type
4.11 Catch Basin Type
SLUICE AND GATE REQUIREMENTS

4. 12 Structural Relations
4.13 Special Sluicing Facilities--Guide Walls
4.13A Under sluice Type
4. 14 Gate Selection
4.15 Stoplog Provision
SPECIFIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

4. 16 Percolation
4.17 Energy Dissipation
4. 18 Trashracks
4.19 Trashrack Bar Spacing
4.20 Trashrack Cleaning
PROVISION FOR FISH PROTECTION

4.21 Need for Protection
4.22 Classes of Fish
4.23 Self-cleaning Mechanical Screens
4.23A Rotary Type
4.23B Traveling Type
4.24 Stationary Bar Screens
4.25 Louver Diverter
4.26 Electric Screens
4.27 Velocity of Approach to Screens
4.28 Fish Bypass Channel
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
133
Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks C>n"lals ami Related Structures
T ABLE OF CON1'ENTS--Continucd
11S1' OF FIGURES

1 Roza Diversion Dam--General

Plan and Sections 4. 8 33-LJ-1l61
2 Gila Valley Canal Headworks,
Imperial Dam--General Pian
and Sections 4.9 212-D-2422
3 Milburn Diversion Dam--General
Plan, Elevation, and Sections 4. 13P, 499-D-5~
4 Trashrack Rake Gantry, General
Assembly--All-American Canal
Headworks 4. 20 212-D-3740
5 Trashrack Rake P.ssemblies, List
of Parts--All-American Canal
Headworks .1. 20 212-D-3756
6 Trashrack Metalwork, RaCK Unit,
List of Parts--Gil" Valley Canal
Headworks 4.20 212-D-1597
7 Florida Farmers Ditch Diversion
Dam--PlaYJ and Sections 4.23A 519-D-85
8 Headworks Structure, Plan, and
Sections--Contra Costa Canal 4.24 214-D-2732
9 Tehama-Colusa Canal Louver Fish
Diverter and Appurtenant Struchres--
Plan and Sections 4.25 602-D-996
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
134
Canals and Related Structure:: Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
4. 1
.1 In this chapter the term "canal headworks" is used to describe those works DEFINITION
employed to divert water into a main canal from lakes, equalizing reser-
voirs, or natural streams. Structures and mechanisms designed to control
the diversion of water from large storage dams into main c.anals are treated
as outlet works and described in the Bureau publication "Design of Small
Dams." General structural and hydraulic design criteria relating to diversion
headworks are given in Chapter 2. In the structural drawings selected for
illustration, there may be instances in which current design practices differ
in some respects from those illustrated .
. 2 The purpose of the headworks structure is to control and regulate the flow FUNCTION
into the diversion canal. As a regulating and controlling structure, safety
in design and reliability of operation are important. Failure of this struc-
ture to operate would mean considerable damage to the canal system and to
valuable land below the canal and also possible crop losses. These two
factors--safety in design and reliability of operation--should be kept in mind
and considerable thought given to them in preparing a design for a headworks
structure .
.3 The canal headworks will usually be located along the main bank of a stream LOCATION
where the source of water is to be obtained, and at a point which in general
is determined by the position of the diversion canal. It may, however, be
located on a branch channel, or slough, or at the edge of a reservoir or lake.
.4 When the canal intake or headworks is located on a river, a diversion dam RELATION
is usually required in order to provide the necessary water surface eleva- TO OTHER
tion for diversion at times of low river flow. The location to be chosen STRUCTURES
should be favorable to the co.nstruction of both the diversion dam and diver-
sion canal. The possible sites for a diversion works will be confined to a
limited stretch of the stream which will be determined in general by the
. position of the canal. The exact location within this stretch of the stream
is to be determined after considering carefully the geological, the structural,
and the economic advantages of each possible site.
.5 Where possible, the diversion works should be located on the outside of the EFFECT OF
bend or the concave bank of the river. In the case where a canal is to be STREAM
constructed on each side of the river, the diversion dam and headworks CURVATURE
structures should be located on a straight portion of the river. It is also
preferable to locate the dam and headworks at a point along the river where
the position of the canal will be above high tailwater. Such a location will
require a higher dam, but will avoid the need for expensive protection work
along the canal to protect it against damage from floodflows in the river.
.6 In most cases the point of diversion will be located in a valley on the lower FOUNDATION
reaches of a stream where a pervious foundation of sand, gravel, or silt CONDITIONS
is usually encountered. In this instance, considerations such as favorable
intake location and surface topography rather than geology will determine
the site to be adopted. Therefore, the engineer concerned with the design
of a diversion dam and headworks should review carefully the possible sites
before any extensive foundation exploration work is undertaken.
CONTROL STRUCTURE TYPES

.7 The form of the control structure for the headworks depends on the type of FORM OF
gates used, which are the most distinguishing feature of this structure. The STRUCTURE
type of gates to be selected depends largely on the flow conditions of the river
under which they are to operate and on the amount of water to be diverted.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
135
Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks Canals and Related Structures
4.8
CONTROL STRUCTURE TYPES--Continued
RP.DLAL .8 Where the river water surface is fairly stable, that is, where there is little
GP.TE fluctuation of the water surface, the radial gate is generally used. For this
OPEN type of gate installation, the control structure takes the shape of a rectan-
TYPE gular flume subdivided into a number of bays by piers which are surmounted
by an operating deck. On some of the larger installations where an operating
road is involved, a bridge deck is provided in addition to the operating deck.
This type of control structure is referred to as the open type and is generally
preferred because of its accessibility for repairing the gates and for the
reE10val of de.bris and drift. The control structure at Roza Div-ersion Dam
(Figure 1) is all example of this type .
RADIAL .9 Another form of the open-type control structure is the one used where there
GATE is an extreme fluctuation in the upstream water surface. This structure is
SUB- essentially the same as the one described above except that submerged gates
MERGED are employed. The vertical-lift gates or the top-sealed gates are the cus-
TYPE tomary submerged types. To close the remaining portion of the structure
that is not closed by the gates, curtain or panel walls are used. These walls
are designed as reinforced concrete slabs supported against the piers or
buttresses. For an example of this type of structure see the Gila Canal
headworks, Figure 2.
CLOSED .10 At reservoirs where the intake structure is constructed through an earth
TYPE embankment or a small earth dam, the so-called closed type of structure is
used. This type is essentially a buried conduit consisting of a single- or
multiple-barrel reinforced concrete section which extends through the em-
bankment. The flow through the structure is controlled by top-sealed radial
gates or vertical-lift gates which are located near either the center of the
embankment or the upstream end of the conduit. To avoid having the conduit
under full reservoir pressure, a condition which would increase the danger
from leakage if cracks should develop in the walls of the conduit, it is desir-
able to have the control gates located near the intake to the structure. The
disadvantage of this location is that an access bridge would be required from
the top of the embankment to the operating deck of the control structure.
Trashracks should always be provided at the intake to prevent trees and other
drift from getting lodged in the closed conduit.
CATCH . 11 In mountainous areas where light bedloads may be expected, a special type
BASIN of submerged intake structure is sometimes used. This type of headworks
TYPE consists of a catch basin constructed across the riverbed and covered with
closely spaced steel trashbars. An essential feature of this .structure is an
effective sand sluice built at the bottom of the catch basin to remove sand
and gravel deposits.
SLUICE AND GATE REQUIREMENTS

STRUC- .12 Wnere a diversion dam is required the headworks is constructed adjacent to
TURJ.,L the sluiceway with its axis making an acute angle with the axis of the sluice-
RELATIONS way. There are no fixed rules for determining this angle or the elevation of
the gate sill. To determine the position of the headworks with respect to the
sluiceway, the elevation of the gate sill, and the best--arrangement for the
upstream wingwalls, model studies are employed. On small structures
where the cost of model studies may not be justified, the headworks gate
sill should be at ~east 1 foot and preferably 3 to 4 feet above the elevation
of the sluiceway sill which, in turn, should be located at or above the eleva-
tion of the riverbed. An angle of from 45° to 60° between the axis of the two
structures is usually used when the angle is not fixed by model studies.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
136
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
4. 13
SLUICE AND GATE REQUIREMENTS--Continued
.13 Figure 2 in Chapter 3 shows curved guide walls approaching the canal head- SPECIAL
works and the sluiceway. This facility creates curvature in normal flows SLUICING
approaching the headworks, so, in effect, diverted water is taken from the FACILITIES
outside of the curve where the sediment bedload is least and the heavier GUIDE
silt-laden water is taken through the sluiceway. Model studies must be WALLS
employed to set the most efficient proportions and curvature of the walls.
The top of the inner guide wall is usually set at the overflow weir elevation.
A. Figure 3 shows an under sluice arrangement as a special sluicing facility. Undersluice
The top of the undersluice is placed at the same elevation as the head- Type
works gate sill, and the elevation of the sluiceway gate sill is made the
same as that of the upstream apron. This arrangement guides the
heavier sediment into the sluiceway and prevents it from entering the
headworks. A disadvantage of this type is that the undersluice is sub-
ject to plugging with waterlogged debris. Success of both of the above
facilities depends on continuous sluicing.
.14 The number and size of gates to be selected depends to a large extent on the GATE
judgment of the designer. The total gate opening required for a given dis- SELECTION
charge is generally ·oased on an allowable velocity of 4 to 6 feet per second.
From an operating point of view, a single gate is desirable; but when more
than one gate is installed they should be operated in parallel to avoid un-
symmetrical flow. On rivers where considerable fluctuation in water sur-
face can be expected during the irrigation season when the gates are in
operation, they should be controlled automatically. The controls are operated
by means of a floatwell or probewell to control the water surface in the canal
downstream from the gate. Requirements for heating of the gates should be
considered and the design of operating features should be compatible with
remote control requirements.
. 15 To permit closure of the structure during an emergency and to permit main- STOPIDG
tenance work on the gates, it is customary to make provision for stoplogs PROVISION
by providing grooves in the piers. The grooves are usually made by form-
ing recesses in the piers, the depth being determined by the allowable bear-
ing stress of the timber. The grooves should not be made too wide because
this would permit the stoplogs to turn and bind. Continuous steel angles
should be provided at the outer downstream edge of the grooves for protection
and to reduce the frictional resistance when removing the stoplogs.
SPECITIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

.16 In the majority of cases the headworks will be constructed on permeable PERCOLATION
material, and it will be necessary to consider the effect of underflow and
the hydrostatic uplift pressure when making stability and design studies.
The head causing percolation is to be taken as the difference between the
maximum elevation of the water surface in the river and the elevation of
the bottom of the canal. Lane's weighted creep theory or electric analogy
is used in determining the percolation path required. For the ordinary,
open-type structure the required path is furnished by extending the upstream
apron and cutoff wall of the dam across and in front of the headworks and
providing an additional cutoff wall if necessary. For the closed type of
structure, the path is furnished by constructing continuous concrete collars
or cutoff walls at intervals along the conduit. Hydrostatic pressure produced
by water percolating along the outside of the structure should be considered
in designing the walls. To prevent the foundation material from being re-
moved by the percolating water, a filter should be constructed under the
structure at its downstream edge.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
137
4. 1
ENERGY .1'1 Sorr18 Ine;-:ln~_~ uf :iJi:j LL'·' ;<t liulC's_-:l l \!J:,lE.:!" surface
DISSlr}l.- in +~he ri'}~f' shuuLj ~'J0 Pl",)\li,ji "i. 'l.'hE:' l " ~Jrnp::::) i>vorc:,J ~:s rncans of
nON In urdr;l' Lo the ,,:tilling poul
:1
In t.h,"C1~;'; of type uf
b"c!JWOT~:S, the Ct' j[' the C3tillinu ;Juel
prcwided
i r , t.i,e clc:sed cli~;turi:1YlCC fr~JIr: t.he
iumn :lnr!
to m:-lillt::tin free-flow frceb,,;)rd should be provided 'in the
,:2~-'::3ed ,~~cnciuit frc!1.'1 t~Jt; cun~rc,l l:;tr '~~' 'utll;,L WherE:.; ~:3uifici(;T~t hC8d is
2vailable it would l'e desin:ble te) h;l \}E; the V,;) LeI' nuw 1t suoercrilic:ll velocity
th," condui' :lmi tu h:nJe he lC);:1t.ed }Jerl·ond t.he outlet. t.o '
avoid obiecticn2ble vitJration of the ::;tru under the en1b;mkment.. It is
important that consideration be qiven Let only to flow condition 2t. m: 1 ximum
discharqe l)ut also 1L L':lrtial dis'harqes. The struc;ture mu:st ooer'ltc sCltis-
fact.orilY under all P~' c~:s~ble conditions cf ncw,,'. '
TRASH- .18 Trashr?ccks are de:,ir'iblc' 8t t.he entr;n'ce t.o some he8dworks :structures ~lI1d
RACKS 8,re essenti;:.l ",.vI1ere ;-·i~..Jh scre~::;Il:::: 'lnd de;~iltin(: \vor'k;; :lrc jnvolved. H8.-cks
u:sually are con:3truct8d of flat ::iteel bare; which ,c,re ,oct on edge and either
joined by throu9h bolts with pipe nipples for sp:1('erS or welded to the edges
of t.he cm:sc~bars. The vJelcled t.ype i:s preferred as it provide:s more :space
for t.he rake teet.h lcl p1SS between t.he lnr:~. Th", racks '1re gener811y m:lde
in panels for ease in ha:1dling. 'j 18 cili!l to c1eaning, they Cl re usually
inclined on a slope of 1 horizont"l to 4 verli(~Cll :ond the velocity of flow
t.hrough the gross area should not. ex::ecd :3 fed per second.
TRASH- • 19 Rack bar:s are spaced 1 to 4 inches {or fine tr:::::hracks1jnd 4 to 12 inches for
BACK coarse racks. For headworks where the" rot- type :If fi:ch screens 8re in-
BAR st.alled and heavy ::Jedload:s ClTO expected, ed bar:s should be us' j
SPACING at t.he lower unit:; .J:, prevent the larger from becoming
against If-:le srreens .
TRASH- . 20 On :small headVJork~; the rac:Z~; are usually rClked by hand, but. on larger in-
R/\CK stallat.ions mecllanical ra.kes 2Te nC8xly alw:lys prOVided. Some mean:s of
CLEANrnG disposing of t.he rakinqs should be rJlven adequ'lte con:cider:ltioll. A typical
mechanir:al rat:e, pke qantry, and disposal C:11' that. are used at. the All-
American Canal headworks for cleani!"'] the t.rashrack are shown in Figures 1
and 5. }I,n example ejf 2 bar-t.ype tr?shnr:k is illustr2t.ed in Fi<:mre 6.
PPOVISION FOR FISH P~OTECTION
NEED FOR .21 The growiYlg importance of spurt. fishinC1 and t.he nE:ed for prot.ecting the com-
PROTEC- mercial fi:sh indu:stry make:s ncec:s:sary the screening of many irrigation and
TION power canal intake:s. To protect these int.erests, many Stat.es have enact.ed
laws requiring t.he screening of diver:sion:s. Since the de:sign requirements
for fish screen:s may vary in the different. Stat.e:s, Federal, St.at.e, and 10c:11
agencies concerned with t.he preservation of fish life mu:st. be con:sulted befure
any design:s of fi:sh serccm:s are made .
CLASSES . 22 The problem of fi3h prot.ection involves t.wo cla:sse:s of fish witr" quit.e diffen'nt.
OF habit.:s--the mhratory fi:3h, such a:s the :salmon anci t.he :steelhead trout., and
FISH t.he :sedent.ary species which confine their movements to limited :uea:s only in
:search for food. From a commerci::Jl point of view, t.he salmon is the most.
important.. The :sportsman is int.erest.ed in both cla:sse:s.
SELF- .23 To prot.ect. t.he fingerlings from being lost. in the canal:s on t.heir journey (1T!-
CLEANING route from their spawning grounds t.o the ocean, fine-me:sh :screens at. c:1nal
MECHANICAL int.ake are neces:sary. The:ce :3crcr~ns may have openings as small a:s four to
SCREENS :six meshes per irdl which rYlake~3 t.he!"l very difficult t.f) keep cle:1n. Keeping
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
138
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
4.23A
PROVISION FOR FISH PROTECTION--Continued
these fine-mesh screens from being clogged with floating debris and leaves SELF-
is one of the major problems in designing a fish screen. To overcome this CLEANrnG
difficulty several types of self-cleaning mechanical screens have been devel- MECHANICAL
oped, namely the rotary-drum type and the traveling screens which are simi- SCREENS
lar to the industrial water screens. (Cont'd. )
A. The rotary-drum screens are very sensitive to changes in water level Rotary
and are adaptable only where there will be little fluctuation in water sur- Type
face. The water depth is limited by the size of the drums. To effec-
tively remove the floating debris without loss of fish over the screens,
from 0.1 to 0.3 of the diameter of the drum should extend above the
water surface. The required circumferential speed of the drum will
depend on the amount of debris being carried by the streams, the maxi-
mum speed is about 5 feet per minute. This type of screen consists of
structural steel cylinders covered with a fine-mesh screen and supported
by a horizontal steel sha:ft. The drums can either be propelled by means
of a waterwheel located downstream or be motor-driven. The fish
screens installed at the Florida Farmers Ditch Diversion Dam are of the
rotary-drum type. (See Figure 7.) Instead of installing drum screens
normal to the flow, recently some fishery authorities prefer placing the
screens at an angle of 20° to 30° with the flow. This is to facilitate
diverting fish into bypasses.
B. Where there is a wide operating range in the water surface, the travel- Traveling
ing or industrial water screens are more adaptable as they can be con- Type
structed for almost any depth of water. This type of screen is made up
in units. Each unit consists of a continuous belt of overlapping screen
trays which are fastened between two parallel link belts operated from
two sets of sprockets. The sprockets are mounted on a structural steel
frame with the head or driven sprocket located at the top of the frame
and the foot or nondriven sprocket located at the bottom. The head
sprocket is driven by a gear speed-reducer, roller-chain drive, and
motor. To dislodge debris that becomes lodged against the screen trays,
a se~ies of water jets are provided on the downstream underside of the
trays at a point above the high water level.
. 24 At locations where the size of the fish are such that an extremely fine screen BAR
is not required, the stationary-bar type of screen is sometimes used. The SCREENS
bar screen can be constructed for almost any fluctuation in water surface
but is somewhat difficult to keep clean. An example of this type of screen
which is kept clean by means of a motor-driven sweep is the Contra Costa
fish screens, Figure 8.
. 25 The louver system of guiding migratory fish into bypasses is a recent devel- LOUVER
opment in fish screens for canal headworks at river diversions. The system DIVERTER
consists of a series of vertical bars with 1-inch clear spacings and flow-
straightening vanes set in a single row or multiple rows across a channel,
each row at an angle of about 15° to the direction of flow. The fish are
diverted away from the louv,r line to a vertical bypass at the downstream
end. The bypass covers the full depth of flow and the minimum width is
12 inches. The velocity of flow entering the bypass should be about 1. 4 times
the channel velocity. The success of this screening system depends on the
fish sensing the turbulence around the louver bars. An example of this type
screens is the Tehama-Colusa Canal louver fish diverter, Figure 9.
. 26 Another type of stationary fish screen that appears to have possibilities is ELECTRIC
the electric fish screen. The principal parts of this screen are the elec- SCREENS
tronic impulse generator which employs the industrial-type vacuum tube,
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
139
Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks Canals and Related Structures
4.27
PROVISION FOR FISH PROTECTION--Continued

ELECTRIC the live electrode, and the ground conductor. The live galvanized pipe elec-
SCREENS trodes are suspended vertically to swing freely from an overhead beam or
(Cont'd. ) catenary cable supported by structural steel supports on each side of the
canal. Random lengths of galvanized pipe strung on a cable and joined elec-
trically by a copper wire are placed along the bottom of the channel to form
the ground conductor. The electric screen has the advantage of low cost and
it allows all types of stream-carried debris to pass through without obstruct-
ing t.he flow of water. This screen is entirely dependent on a reliable supply
of power. The efficiency of the electric fish screen has been questioned by
Fish and Wildlife authorities and there are some conflicting opinions regard-
ing its effectiveness in stopping the fish. ConsequenLy, a thorough investi-
gation of existing installations should be made when considering the use of
this type of screen.
VELOCITY . 27 In the design of all types of fish screens, the velocity of approach is import-
OF ant. In the case of mecnanical screens, the approach velocity should not
APPROACH exceed 1. 5 feet per second in order to keep the fish from being held against
TO the screens by the force of the current. Low velocities are also necessary
SCREENS where electric screens are used to avoid having the fish carried helplessly
through the electrified zone. To maintain screening efficiency for louver
diverters the velocity of approach should be from 2.5 to 4.0 feet per second
to create optimum turbulence .
FISH . 28 Another important feature in connection with the design of fish screens is the
BYPASS fish bypass channel. When the small fish are traveling downstream and are
CHANNEL stopped by the screens, it is believed that they will not turn back but will
find a way through or past the screens, or destroy themselves trying. There-
fore, a suitable downstream bypass should be provided to allow an alternative
route for the fish when stopped by the screens to return to the main stream.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
140
C:,Ul8.h; and ST\Jcture.s Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
"OSl, DIVERSION DAM--GENERAL PLAN AND SECTIONS Fig. 1 Par. 4.8
1.I!?IO
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
141
~lnli.·tUlYS Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
GILl\ VALLEY CANAL HEADWORKS, IMPERIAL DAM--GENERAL PLAN AND SECTIONS Fig. 2 Par. 4, 9
Hand raifinq
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rX~-3-; (SU~)Cl':·:j~dr..',-i
143
Chap. 4 Diversicm Headworks
MILBUHN DIVEI1SION DfIM--CENERAL PLAN, ELEVATION, AND SECTIONS Fig. 3 Par. 4.13A
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"'4, ~~' _:.~ :~~t: :~I%
[o,,-par'ecJ -
('\~~J~"~:e.~:~~: fL."":': . . ~~~.,~i~?P

" .,.·lL....Jr",·,,j"r--J ":=Jlo"''"' 'ro,,' c;,-,::<··'t
.
PLAN
I ··~._.-...."-------------..
L
-
.'
c~~><:-:~i ,:"'.~~;.'" ,,\f:-~;-,\·'~~:~r _ o~~::-·;~~f;;/~
SECTiON F-F
A
C'JmpQctedpen/Qus fo
s~ml-':"Y'OuSembankmenf-
28'-0" ~ ':
GENERAL NOTES
:;'ound Cc;;rCITfe 1esJgn br/sMcm" mmr:reSSIve 5frsrrqtl1ofJflOOlm.~~iI.
5urface Un!6S50IMrtllJSe5howrl,ploceremforcemenfSothatth8 clear
dJs/once belweenfoce ofcOI'ueleondn80res/rainforC6tMnt
0~~:r~EEli!l~fIrj:::Ir;~-::J
::'l [, 24~4?S E/:'466iJi
IS ,['for "'S bars and I~H,om12·for.5 blJrsOfld gflatf';
i -l ~leei!~eetp."lf'q .• n24~4,;24602~ euept proy"fe 0 clear dlstOM~ Irom face of cOtlcr,t, ~1tx:tHJ
agoinsf ~orfh or fOCk of 2"wh~r8 ~Iab thickness is 'J'IT!fI.U,
andJ" where ~Iob th,ckngH is ~r'(Jt8r than 9'
Lapallbor5 20 diom8f9rsof Splic8sunless ofherwiS8shotrtl,
- iJimel:swns are fa elilrer /lne ,)f}OIMs unless ot/IlrWJa shown
ELEvArrON A-A ElasfJc;oinr filler5flailbeSeWf81y1osten8dtoone fQc, of
SECTION G-G Cl1;:,c;,.';riUP05edCOfnersJ"uniessolharwisesoown

Concrete fnick"iH ~!Jall ~ory u"iformly b81W88nOllmlnsions
shown
.',';argeor(an,,1 J"< f'-O"'-"
.. :>l'~I2'
O",..,.r.,u"r<#T"'E "'YE"""'''
"u,,""'~ ar "~H .... .H'CN
"/550"'1111 R,...-I;,. e..,SJ'" PllloVECT

fI 24 5,00 ' "'4"0' ' :':,' .• ,..:., . ," -' .. /
~: ~i "JOOLE LOU/> DI~J5IC>!Il- 5AROE.,,,, (No/IT-"'EtJItASI<A
7
MILBURN DIVERSiON DAM
""'' Ii;:1
~~~ .. >;:
14'0' , .. ~
GENERAL PLAN, ELEVATlON,AND SEOTIONS
SECTION 8-8 '? ,-----'- ~~

SECTION H-H 5ECTfON J-.J
I _
"'""'.~:::::a'OMO
.._...
499-0-55
DS-3-" - .' ;./f)/fi7 (Supers(cdes l/U/C 1)

145
Canals ,UH) BelatE':d Structures Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
TRASIillACK RAKE GANTRY, GENERAL ASSEMBLY--ALL-AMERICAN CANAL HEADWORKS Fig. 4 Par. 4.20
Motor shall operate at Jaw spteri in eithu

r:I,redioll betwe€n "A"ond"S"
Motor~"'oll storf,ntl!ero;se dired,ol1ot
slow sp~ed bdween "a"ond "C'ond run of
Illqh 3p~er:l offtr a prer:ldtrmlMd lime
mterval dependrmt upon the motor
M~~~;~~~~r~~~:tond run in the lower dlrect.on @)--

01 hiqh speed befwetn "8-ond'C
When rOlsmq th~ rake. fhe speed

H",":t~~~:d"!(i~/
oftheho;sfmofor shalfaufo
maflcolly becl!onged from low PD
toh,ghat "S" ,dJ[
When ,'owermgfhe rake. the -Rake rootl!
Rakt looth //
speed of/he hOl3fmoror3hofl (~ dumptd position rofringposltion
oufomol'CfJllybecflonqed ~
\, .
from hiq!Jto lowat "S".
fliRt? d >!:!;: t--0J

II
..,1
oJ! 1:0...
~l
i /4---t>
~;r:t
~- -' 8
DIAGRAM SHOWING
• <J -® DUMPING OF BUCKET
PLAN ~I LOWI"3fposlfiun
ofrafre
HOIST MOiOR
CONTROL. DIAGRAM
,'... ' - -- - - - - - - - - ~~9)...

""
~, f •
,.i":'
.• ; . ..... . .
= -'.I",,", .•
II ~~c=-,,~
·"'tllJ~ jClll1-'ltlC~~~';;"CC
; .... '-·
"'fl~.:
1/;'
F
m{c0/ .,W) ~~,.
ill H
'l '{,?:v}-\' H' '" ':"l
~JH __··_-~~·~.r~-:__:: ~i'P~--~'-i\r '.::i
CO
_k-Jr'Y-.~
JL~~__~.-'j.~ I
-: IIJul ~~J~l 'JIJR
~
.
<-J~~-=-~=-_
m /
i -;:"-:-1" "........ rM-""T cr THe UHF:I>IO"
I "'1rr~
I
,. ~" 'r '"
8URE... U OFR£CL",,.,... TroOj
"'OULCI£R C"'NvON PROu~cr
ALL'/lMERJr:AN CANAl SY5TEM·CAUFURNIA
'!~i6'
/ II . , IMPERIAL DAM
I 'i
Af..L·AMERICAN CANAL HEADWORKS
TRAS"'RACK - RAKE GANTRY
i
1
I / b~
/ l _ Illii~'~ (4&: ~,~,~I
GENERAL. ASSEMBLY
.
_______ .cL_ I Q..rJ '; '.' .,.- 0-iJ DOINNSTAEAM ELEVATION
:::;:. <:;~". ::;::,;;:.:::!l1:~-
q'J0..u....
UPSTR.EAM ELEVATION END ELEVATICN
L .~~ oum", c:'~~:~"i ":~~~".Y6·'''.IZI'Z-D·37ltO
DS-:.,,:. 1/,'/,;',) 147

Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
1 HP.SHE1\CK l~AKE ASSEMBLIES, LIST OF PARTS--ALL-AMERICAN CANAL HEADWORKS Fig. 5 Par. 4.20
usr OF PARTS
R~~'cIDRAWINolle
j . d 'mm J j-,O
A .JB Rok<.:dOr',pime ,:',1 '"'/",' / r SEcrlON A-A
I '/, With Duc:kf!t in
9
UPSTREAM EL!:::':VATION I Q -. I 11' '; rohnq position
J -i ~ ',;1 " '.,,::/; /",

{~~~;~. (:A-
-; ~)7 'f.. !"F""of"",~tiono
'J,~ :/ .-i-'~·-T'-OShrod< and rake
~. i~", 3,
f ~ ,-,ST OF DRAW'NG::'
/ qulries ASSI:MBUrS-lIST OF' PARTS 212-P-.J15fi
CARRIItGE' .. Ul-o--3151
~ 8U(!'([T __ 1!1-0--.n",
.~.~ '"~/O'
I J 1 ROLU'R-SH..-AI'E'-GUIPE ?ll-o--JJn
--1"-0. ®
V.X) .!'b'
~
~\ ~,c0C"-.--/
fl" , . ' :, (3,' g :. A
'(~~1-f 1\ '
~~n,
'-'~)T '.D
REFERENCE DRAWINGS
6
; II #
'~\\/ I I
rRASHRACK 'OT"'lkTURE:
"f \;,<~f)1 , II II TRASh'RACK
TRASHRACK-RAK£ GANTRY
',',;. t ,,' , ~ (I) WfLDIJl/G ~YMBOLS
)1:~ll lL ill \\
(8 - (.~) )".._, :i
~';T·,~,,','~,,",·,',·¥T-~
} -,' /'1 .\
.1.
r-- -
SEc"·ro,\. ':-c
O..,·..."TM,£NT
I <.,
1/
"'i
}
,~t )
SECTION E-E
Of' THE: '''nRIOR
~' 1-----=* I AU.-;M';ERN;AYtEMDAMRNIA

SEcr.-ON D-D
-';,1<,.·•."·,'1:','(;',,'1 {....J
.~~ ,ou:~ ':",o;,'{b': M; ~'U"T
ALL-AMERICAN CANAL I-I£ADWORK5
'~;'.'~'~ GeL-'
:' 1 i,/ AssJI~~~~~A.t7sT~'j.K~ARTS
~J,,'.J S<:CTlON B-B "",w, ,," '''"M''HOX/J'>'';~e.~
t.
:If··''''l/~ " , / (<It) '-, wth In",; ,. 'W, ,HOMW,",'o z>:'i%:ft'''#', I
dllrn/.' ..
L _______._ . ,;~-.:'-):'.-.~_,-_- .. /i. '~~-:,~; ,( .- ':-""_'__ p==--__. E.
~H'c w~ ,~;:::Fi:;~~~. ,6F- .. ,..E-;~~-~-3756
i)~; .;}-:
149
Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
c
;f,3,,,,tCf( IVlL t,j,JJC ,':E, P/ICK Ul\Tr, LIST OF PAR1 S--GlLA VALLEY CANAL HEADWCRKS Fig. 6 p"r, 4.20
For quidos. b~arino. and soot

f of piaies. see Owq,212-D
[~~:l~_~~~~r G J j 0
,. rn 1 ":',,'l~,~_~-:c~~~~t~~~n~~ nj~':~;;;~~ '~: :r~;;'~~;~ ~ 'ff'~.t u II LIST OF PARTS
<7t~ PLAN
RFQ'D.
"
r stetl U~ /8 I ?Il-D-/
";" 4 1~ ~-'5.
L ~"x'r""r
. ~ ~ "'
II I hi I ';. .~
I I I: L;f:!~"o':j~Q~'.' •..• '" ".,.. ~.,.:;:::'"

II ~ I. ,
II
GUide oelr-
°4
PLAN
bcn-s sf"f-
I
,_---.l
'·
.',
';'
:
,
"
<Lo./
chamfer
-~:
27
I zrf-~~
- ----
., , --jl~:::_l==t=:::j
~
i I I .Y "
i I I
, '; 3.~t==l
~o
. __
'I ' "'J~{'"
.' & 2f~
,I
!
! I
~ SECTION D-D
mr
SECTION
(UI T/NG lUG)
C-C --~ ------O'--+-~-'&-- --=~--
-teet_
--;-'-H;S -- -;..-
~5
" .
I ~ w(fh m.(_!J!JL~rmJf •
" I ~ lE ~~~(~~~.~ 1%
'if th hu nul 'mdwrof~ SAE 31~O sleel I~
EJ!.ZIT!'!WltttWiol~ 13o/f~l _ _- _ 1'2- _
",' .J ' , , . bm sl"." f_cf1p_~crPW._with"rotwashi!r " -~--=+:::"~"H:;;;::;;·;:,;~
I T,a," rJ!9!D!.i_If!!!!:~L1I}taDcJ1fJC~_· _ • 72
~ 51ruc:fura'-~~__ 18 212-D-/599
G~"~,,'~~_~ .. [,~:" ~~I~:~,',f~~~" __ .-,! - ~f ~

,f it i l' "* Rack lJrlIh fo,- Eo,;,n 3 only
'c~ , 'b '

,J~1.1.,". , ,,,,,,,, /
. , --n;.R L, ,,:
'~C"'R',~,r,;." "'~
I ; I
B a
r l , ' ,f,"" '~'
; i
.. i
'.".-;- "I';t.~ "~fi, 1,"1 Go,d, b" "",y-:::----.
,',-- . "4"
i ' -,0 !
'~>,
t ~.-- r"''~" D,- i
p
.c ~_" "i i; 'r "': I .."',, , 'Jl,.
- 7,(
i ~
i;
'-c=-~:-J; ?t~~ -I'~' ,. 'I~''i~'" ,,' ." '~'~:'.• ,.","
: . 1. - .\
~'2! ,-~~:-~~~1 ------~~, .'X I
.'.. ;.: 'I_~ "
I j - I I
'I :-~,
~f~'b::~!7.11
, i U I,
~ hi i
~,
L, 'Y ~ cc~,.c., 0'"", "CO"""
1 l'lllJi'EAtt M ""el_AMATOO"
'I _ ," £U:.. BOUl..U(R CANYON 0ROJE"CT
FR0~T '/~;-10N iT ~.;/\ .IE .
I ALL-AMf':R,ICAN LI'NAL 5Y'iTfM-CAUFOOl/l,lJA
I END ELEVATiONS f:RONT ELEVATIONS SECTION ~--E'
IMPERIAL DAM
DETAILS
GILA VALLEY CANAL HEADWORKS
c' iec-, L d U- i'l
..J Ht 1 a lL~~.,:. T~ASHRACJ( METALWORK
, ~ rJ lr ~I~ ! ru~ :1 Ii ~ I RACK UNiT-,L/ST OF AtIoRTS
~- ,r......, ' '-' ", 4 .~ 'c =w., "'" ,,,",,,,,<oeM &-i
m"C<O.''',<;-''·B,
'L'/~""""" SECTiON B--a
";, ~~ "<""'"''''£NOE:0...!ID~/I~~~4.,
' - - " - --------

5'.' f:i"
~TR[)fi,~Hi .A-.!-~rr-----,------
---~---'--- ---------------------
I~ L:'rcxm ":~:·I~-:£:";;;~~g,· oi.~~y ;:';:SW%J597
-
151
C]Ynl:; Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
FLOIUD/\ FARMERS DITCH DIVERSION DAM--PLAN AND SECTIONS Fig. 7 Pax. 4.23A
,,'
.. ~~~. " 40'-0' 46-0"
-9··6· ...... .,.,~'-(r- ,. ~ -ro'-o' -r- j~~,~~~ ---~: - ...",:
'r"',rc'''tr-uo" 18, ; 1- ,
, ,
'~~::~~~~IPIPe Jblsofd"m
+ - • , ~--£IlOnoo _-Tlr.n 7073./1

I .. O·j'J()()c.fs
N
'~':~~~'G,~.
'.
r~"..::~.. ;.~':Vf?,~, ~:~';;;~.'~M
'''''':'i. ~i u
............... N
..'~~Sl:"'::,:r:,',_JY /. ",,," 'r'--' :'fJ 70Hoo ----=-_/~~~:~r;: 9 )lJlld
(;r0689 ... \"T7061:100: • ~ ---'- -.---- ..<vrfo<o_:
umed rock " ondgrOVerbeddln ." I
~---.:.." =-=---~."',"',i.';;;;o;,-!' g
..- =t-r----~-~~4·RiPr(]pOIIlj'sond
J,,' . ~'cl<_~-,_.~ ,~ ""W,--- ---L " ,s;!' _.i'. __ -" 7~':Y "':'--!I"od gro •• lbetNJJIl9
1'''~MII'
~~J.I;~
",~,_""-_~~l l;':j
~__"'i/-":_,_ - .---. e,•. "
",:;~' '--'-C_'<~;
"lJ-'; """ .
.'..~:-_{=~±,,~ .,C? t __ ", --r-12'Mm
~'f./ ,i~~t~C:'~:::~~7".il"i"J"'·:i::;:,;:'·;'"" ' '·20.0-"'--
.# •,< '~-Al,n"':' - ~ SECTION a-a -n,
..
SECTfON C-C
0" "
" "~ 100 -'J".r,ru ..eI5urfoClng
.Z"lreld,dp,p,
!;:·R,p.opon 6-,0t>d fl.7077S,
ood FO",' ~"JjlnlJ ':!"RIprIJP1Xi6'5Qnd ..' .n 70845 Compocted ' ~;~;,:::~;;~,:: \.'i},;, :;;;;;'
embookm.n'-_
I,' ;:. :'COOIJJ(J(ted ·StrrpunW"ub/e

::;j~f!~~/····l;~
~: -- ~jO emtJankmtIJ! ffJUfldol,on moler,ol
SECTION J-J :::I: 'E~I5rmq ground surface
SECTION F"-F
- w'-o' 2'Weldedp,p, "lmdrOII

,/- -
SECTION H-H Sll"focoog
.1'9M'ng 1'""d"rGI, ComPoded bac/dili

E,ror~oc: ~ SECTrON D ~D
'j(),'" '6' R,pr"/) on 6" ~(Ind
(,r0845
'm"., ''""~'' '. ~"i~.;L_L"'>c~"'''''
~~;lt~o7f7't .±,."".~e;.'.:m
1.-/ - ,--
~
':':;;;:";;~::':;- --. W~"i;':': ~7,,~m~.:::,-'
_ ~ .:. - GENERAL NOTES
_ [" ng Qr<JuM sur(o(:'~sr {, ror550 I j
c®"'" ,,"•• oore'oo 0 .=,.."", "'ffl'" of , " ' . ",
__ ., __ -f- pers'1uaremch
Roc~ tern'altO" Compocl"d
,_ ,~"",r
'PT\~I~~
_._',
. , ., ~_
-
-------r- _'. _:.. ; / UrlleS5 olherw,s, Iho.n. place reJnfQrCfmml 51) 11>0' th,
behind",a/l 'ek ;
bocHJI/_.. - /{;- -
~HU'~d vliu:~-T' __
.i .~ ~ -It ;~~;;"r~,:~~~~ellb~;':~:;:;-;0:; c::r,~~eS 0oon~ n;.~::'~
Ro'rom "r , __ ----L~c:!.~~0 ~~~~-L~
cu'-"ff" ~ .::;" - - I?M,n btlrs ono greotcr: ercept provl/Jt (I cleor d,stonel from
--=0-. ~-, ---. _----""-----'-::-:::".0'.::"
~ foce of conere'e pla(l!d oqoons' tortlt or rocM of wh,re t
SECTION E-E ~~~~ ~~I~:,~~Ss IS g' or IUs, and J' .!>tt, Slob 15 greo"r
lOP a/I oors N d,ameterl 01 splices unless ofhl!rwise sho.rn.
Oi;:;;~ans ore 10 eM!,r line M JOIn!s <In!eH (lfh"wi5/!
ELEVATION G-G Chomfer all exposed COt'Tl~S runless ofherw;~t 51>0.n

ESTIAIATEO QUANTITrCS CO;~~;~I! thiOness <hGIt Mrl <JnJformly bel.een dimensions
rr;'iJ-
~~;~e:o~:~! -;,~~L- - _ ~~:~~~ ;::, Yd,
'91:
oc~",~rllc,.r o~ r"c ,,,rn,,o~
"'''''-'''0 0' ~.-c~",.""rr",.
FLORIDA FARMERS DITCH

O/VERSION DAM
GENERAL PLAN AND SECTIONS
~o _:_~_; ~~::~:,.~:~;;_a~~_-_-~~~--
s ...-c fJON A-A
~::::c:~::~7.:::::~::t=1~1l?o~~=e~
DS-3-~, - 1{~/R/lir/
153
Can21s (11:d Eeln '.eli S',ructU'::'e~3 Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
HEADWORKS STRUCTURE, PLAN AND SECTIONS--CONTRA COSTA CANAL Fig. 8 Par. 4.24
·l B t>tJ~ af "I0""W'od'"
. fo fit 5heetpitlnq
~ 24" :~ " f!?ubberwatersfopbent
_.·,down and fasfened to
'-"f'-" .':"""W_
O£TA/~ -8·
;; t
-g: A
~ Ma,r.W5 flf'i-
~~ I : +-t
6"(jra",IIQycrfi
~':"' .... U~J.~S.~
2'~
~15l;"
(jrout pock;;1
RutJb~r wgt~rstop
{Join/frller.·,
---~:Ir-·----I
-j"+@/r"owayin
"p"r••mopron/ -ili-----L----l-
AL .J 5i.·,,"· '7-ij",,,w"hrub"'r~,,,,,op '\illY
>-_5IoPQ),1 --:-+_-4.-_---.l~-- ~_._
~"i~-;~"m.:"n~~
1.,'
:5\ ui '~"Z~=='. i.L
Vulcomz:ed ,- _ , : _ . ' __• I ~ '·····17·'av~ro tlrtlWI, ··f'16'$1W_/
R'JlJber wafer stop! < 'V
~:o''; PLAN <f Il{Sfu/
field spllet! sh••tp;linf.
T, connecf ",i-h sf,.ee.~ Up:!;trll'1m face
Js jhutpilinq.
'0 I l) Q S
pili'ltJ, See De/ad B,,' delle plI~r
SCALE or fEET
M"4(
·-/fPiru railinq, l"posfs
. . . _.-.~,.=~
8
SECTION C'C
Downsfr'ium DETAILS
·''''·'r 1 ·:''1 " 1:+;" ·---jl-=- - - _ ~I: . .Homon ~; ,"r. sh#'itpilmq
WtlI
,,
'I ",1' "h"mn_ oil 'r' .",' If! I I J . ,
1 Of' f"ttT
~tlw1.j,j_
,iT! 1 1
IIL~~-f'~_=- jr~ ---:-.-
1=1'1'1 0.0 "I'I' ',,,,.,,.,n, I' I[ ',," I
~ ~CALC
.•." .
I I " on1 rs I I III I ' , • 0' ..
I ' ? ?QiI 1'1 1 i 111','li - =----=----.0.--='-1' : '" . ,.• Mfe : ". I I,ll 1 + ...
b:k ~IZ'", I0°0 ---===-- ~i ' I ?'~Jf " ., c~"rRv,p':dr~.{r~.",.A" o~:~:,';,. , (;AL,f'()WNI"
' ' 1I 1 II I'II'
, '1111' 1 ' 1",, :11. ,,80r"'pook.,
"or /1 Wto6 I .;, HEADWO
. ".c. .. ..
SECTIONS
JI I II I IQ I I I] I "'." ,6 • _, c
• C 843 1.@/7 . ,I rCT/ON D-a •": PLANANC
',·~;':.',' ' ' I I~ II. I
"~@21 ' ..
I f'~".nd;'@"J£'I: I~ 1I'I"1lh/:.,'
w, eoH m.,"..'.. ,..... ...
I
. -~4-..J ,.~
. ._~~,~:;.. .' '~_.4~::-, II .". S~
~""<J'''. '':'}-'-'. . • .... COIIT"~:~S;~~/.<7~~~~~"E~
,..Ia,'] , >- + --; + @o? L"N._ .. '.'.
II', I J.- • "-, " -I iA .. .-. ...... pJ7 _ I /C"'.().. r,e"t.rllIMt-cMntCoIDwqSetvrifJ:i:'J .• _
h-1--. ' - .." -....,.
. -t / - -- - .. - .. __ -- - -[Jown"r"m,,,..,,, ,
--- -- ( 0,,,, 'hownh.ro L.-4.L.
I , .. D"'I2"'D'3J" W""'O
~ ~,I IIII",I· ". I"
rI ·:·~,~, .r,"-~--~
'~~''3,,;.... , .- r: lnChorbolt5eftJflg.5teOIYQ., -"C.D~'~ 94 ~: <:£tl. 'QI~&?rA~~"O..,r:D
_.~C " ' 'U~l)'~aJlb:' -
I UI '/'::::"'~-- ~,~ .--'--_.~- -~-- ~'JIIII i~~'E;"b.dd'dCond""" ,c~""='.'~'~""""2I4-o-273Z
LL U: 4 pI'" I S <: C T I ON __ __. ...._ _ . _
-"-.;.~- :"~7f:1, L5;~-:'~h;" ~
l--_._-----_.- .. _-- ._-,- .. _-_._--~~-----
DS-;: I /'::5/C'1 tSllperSF:>i!f'.s l/,~)/(~l)
155
C::rl?:.l::.; S~rL_':Ul't:)::-~ Chap. 4 Diversion Headworks
"E"P,~,L!\-COLUSA Cfi.NAL LOUVER FISH DIVERTEH AND APPUHTENANT STRUCTURES--PLAN AND SECTIONS Fig. 9 Par. 4.25
Q~~ 81
;:re
~~~
';tii~
!I~
~~:~,
~I·
i~
'.
•"
(,,,,/type,, f..,-m'MII!c,
S~~I:'<'C .'.'n---- J""'",
I _t'lflOO /'"")O'200,ooor'$
~i~ ~I~ ~ ,,~,'"
If'~t'=:\;::';:~'~~~'~~;· ,o'. "~'~-~--,-... ~__
.y,;, 1"0"'i ',l,c;;..,,,,.,,,,,u,+:.- .' ~'" . ~ " , '.' T:~ .
I'~\.~< I··_,_,~:: ~~'-J ;-"<-"-~.:::-; -'~_--7;-'~~-. ··~2"t ..",'. --;~~'N~. :1 ~ .• :
[ ~ J
ff2lll00
(oocrt!r~ l'nClISO!d.Sft' ,;o2'0-,r,,-)
~lD
2::=~""';hmdJ
___--------.r-' /»ddU>9
SECTION 8-S
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DS-3~::, - 12jS/W,'
157
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 5 Canal Structures
T ABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph
5. 1 Introduction
INVERTED SIPHONS
5. 2 Definition
5. 3 Barrel Types
5.3A Circular Sections
5. 3B Box Sections
5.4 Head Loss
5.5 Appurtenances
5. 5A Blowoff
5.5B Protective Features
TUNNELS
5.6 General
5.7 Portals
5. 8 Dimensions
5.9 Head Loss
5. 10 Supports
5. 11 "A" and "B" Lines
5. 12 Grouting and Draining
5. 13 Protective Features
CHECKS
5. 14 Function, Arrangement, and Types of Control
5.14A Radial Gates
5.14B Slide Gates
5.14C Stop Planks
5.14D Protective Features
5.15 Head Loss
FLUMES, CHUTES AND DROPS

5. 16 Flumes
5. 16A Flume Section
5.16B Hydraulics
5.17 Chutes and Inclined Drops
5.17A Inlet
5.17B Chute Channel and Tapered Transitions
5.17C Trajectory
5.17D Chute Wall Height and Freeboard
5.17E Stilling Pool
5. 18 Vertical Drops
5.18A Dimensions
5.19 Closed Conduit Drops
STILLING POOLS
5. 20 General
5. 21 Length and Freeboard
5. 22 Chute and Pool Blocks
5.23 Outlet
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
159
Chap. 5 Canal Structures C;mals and Related Structures
BAFFLED APRONS
Paragraph
5. 24 General
5. 25 Dimensions
C~URNOUTS
5. 26 General
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
160
T ABLE OF CONTENTS--Continued
l.JST OF F1GURES
1 Two Medicine Siphon--Precast
Concrete Pipe Barrel 5.3A 2-D-85
2 Two Medicine Siphon--Transitions 5.3A 2-D-84
3 Typical Inlet Transition with Check--
66-, 72-, and 78-inch Pipe Diameters 5.3A 304-D-126
4 8.9 Siphon, Main Canal, Navajo Indian
Irrigation Proj ect--Monolithic
Barrel Profile 5.3A 809-D-159
5 Typical Monolithic Siphon Barrels--
Heads 0 to 100 feet 5.3A 809-D-175
6 Stoney Creek Siphon with Check--
Plan and Sections 5.3B 602-D-1l84
7 Head Loss Determination for
Monolithic Concrete Siphons 5.4 103-D-633
8 Typical Blowoff for Monolithic
Concrete Pipe 5.5A 465-D-301
9 Water Hollow Tunnel--Alinement,
Profile and Sections 5.6 66-D-120
10 Water Hollow Tunnel--Typical
Supports for Horseshoe Tunnel 5.6 66-D-224
11 Water Hollow Tunnel--Typical
Supports for Machine- bored Tunnel 5.6 66-D-258
12 River Mountains Tunnel--Alinement,
Profile and Sections 5.6 952-D-16
13 River Mountains Tunnel--Sections
and Details for Circular Tunnels 5.6 952-D-19
14 Tunnel No. 3-A Porta] Areas, Main
Canal, Navajo Indian Irrigation
Project--General Plan and Profile 5.7 809-D-203
15 Tunnel Portal Transition--
Dimension Formulae 5.8 40-D-2011
16 Horseshoe Gravity Tunnels (Concrete
Lined)--Cap;=tcity Curves 5.9 103-D-637
17 Check No.5, San Luis Canal--
Plan and Sections 5.14A 805-D-2151
18 Wahluke Branch Canal Station 1356+25--
Check 5.14A 222-D-21839
19 Checks--Type 10 A G 5.14B 222-D-22195
20 Checks--Type 13 A G 5.14B 222-D-22196
21 Stop Plank Grooves--Standard Designs 5.14C 40-D-5326
22 Structural Steel Liners--Standard
Designs 5.14C 40-D-5907
23 Stop Planks (Wood)--Design Charts 5.14C X-D-1305
24 Typical Rectangular Chutes and
Rectangular Inclined Drops 5.17 103-D-642
25 Parshall Flume and Chute--
Eltopia Branch Canal 5.. 17 222-D-20934
26 Stilling Pool--Eltopia Branch Canal 5.17 222-D-20935
27 Radial Gate Check Drop--
Mohawk Canal 5.18 50-D-2817
28 Stilling Pool Dimensions for
Vertical Drops 5.18A 103-D-641
29 Pipe Drops Types 1 and 2 5.19 103-D-635
30 Baffled Apron Drops--Saddle
Mountain Wasteway 5.24 222-D-21878
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
\6\
5. 1
.1 The following paragraphs deal with commonly used canal and lateral struc- INTRODUCTION
tures except water measurement structures, cross-drainage structures,
protective structures, and bridges, which are des~ribed in following chap-
ters. General structural and hydraulic design criteria relating to canal and
lateral structures are given in Chapter 2. In the structural drawings selected
for illustration, there may be instances in which current design practices
differ in some respects from those illustrated.
SIPHONS
.2 A siphon (sometimes called an inverted siphon, sag pipe, or sag line) is a DEFINITION
closed conduit designed to run full, and usually under pressure, that trans-
ports canal and lateral water by gravity under railroads, roads, various
types of drainage channels, and depressions.
.3 The shape and nwnber of barrels will be governed by the local conditions and BARREL
economy. The shape of the sections most commonly used are circular and TYPES
rectangular, although trapezoidal and other shapes have been used for specific
requirements.
A. Precast concrete pressure pipe and monolithic concrete pipes are the Circular
most common types of circular siphon barrels used for heads up to about Sections
125 feet. Plate steel, monolithic concrete with steel liner, precast con-
crete with steel cylinder, pretensioned concrete, prestressed concrete,
asbestos cement, and cast iron pipe are usually used for higher heads.
Precast concrete pressure pipe is normally used for diameters up to
about 96 inches; however, larger sizes have been used in some areas.
Monolithic concrete pipe is generally used for diameters larger than
96 inches and in some areas for smaller sizes. Chapter 2 gives allow-
able stresses for monolithic circular barrels under bursting heads.
Figures 1 and 2 of this chapter show the layout and details for a siphon
comprised of 96-inch-diameter precast concrete pressure pipe. Fig-
ure 3 shows an inlet transition with check. Figure 4 shows a 21O-inch-
diameter siphon, and Figure 5 shows the reinforcement details for the
siphon barrel. Ultimate load analysis is generally used for the design
of precast and monolithic concrete pipe.
B. Rectangular single- or multiple-barrel box sections are often used for Box
short siphons when the head is 30 feet or less on the inside top of the Sections
box. Figure 6 shows a box siphon with concrete-lined canal. A trape-
zoidal box siphon is used occasionally for short siphons with little or no
sump when it is important to keep the head loss to a minimwn .
• 4 Normally, the head loss through a siphon should include friction losses in HEAD
transitions and barrel, inlet convergence and outlet divergence losses, bend LOSS
losses, and check loss when a check is installed in the transition. A 10-
percent safety factor is usually added to all losses. Figure 7 shows a pro-
cedure for determining head losses for concrete siphons: (For design details,
see Chapter 2.) For long siphons where conditions may result in operation
when the inlet is not sealed, the design should be checked with Figure 12 in
Chapter 2 to insure satisfactory operation. Although available head and econ-
omy usually determine the barrel size, where sand or other abrasive material
is carried by the water it is desirable to limit the velocity to about 10 feet per
second. For minimum hydraulic loss, it is desirable to provide a seal of
1. 5/ihv (3 inches minimum) at the inlet headwall measured from the upstream
water surface and no submergence at the outlet headwall.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
163
Chap. 5 Canal Structures Canals and Related Structures
5.5
SIPHONS- - Continued
APPURTE-
NANCES .5 The following appurtenances are required at siphons as indicated:
Blowoff A. A blowoff should be installed at or near the low point of a siphon if it is

impracticable to empty the siphon by pumping from the lower end. In
some instances it has been considered economical to break into 24-inch-
diameter and smaller siphons instead of providing blowoffs for emergency
draining. Figure 8 shows details of a simple blowoff structure.
Protective B. Protective features shall be provided for all siphons (Class A, B, and C
Features exposure) over 30 inches in diameter. Refer to Chapter 3, Safety Design
Standards, of Design Standards No. 1 for specific requirements.
TUNNELS
GENERAL .6 Where a canal would be in deep cut or on unstable slopes, a tunnel can often
be justified as an alternative to an open-canal location on the basis of econ-
omy, low maintenance cost, and safety of operation. A tunnel may also be
the most economical means for carrying water from one watershed to
another. Such tunnels are usually free-flow conduits lined with concrete and
designed for a maximum water depth equal to about 0.82 times the tunnel
height, with a minimum freeboard of 18 inches. If tunnel excavation is by
blasting methods, a horseshoe section is generally used for free-flow tunnels
and a circular section is used for tunnels operating under hydrostatic head,
such as pressure tunnels in power systems. If tunnel excavation is by boring
machines, the tunnel section is circular and differs in detail from the cir-
cular section constructed by blasting methods. Figures 9 through 13 show
tunnel section details.
The size of most tunnels is determined by an economic study based on capac-

ity required, construction cost, and value of head loss. Accessibility of the
ends of the tunnel, adUs, and shafts as well as geological and ground-water
data are required to determine the design and feasibility of a tunnel. Ample
disposal areas should be provided for tunnel excavation. In long tunnels, the
possibility of adits at saddles or canyons 8...'1d shafts at low cover points should
be considered for their construction advantages. Permanent access should be
provided in all tunnels for inspection and maintenance, and station markers
should be provided at about 1, aOO-foot intervals in long tunnels .
PORTALS .7 Tunnel portals should usually be located where the depth of cover over the
tunnel is twice the tunnel diameter or 20 feet minimum in rock, and three
times the diameter or 30 feet minimum in common material.
The slopes of the portal cuts should be flat enough to avoid excessive raveling
of unstable bank material. Portals should not normally be located in natural
surface drainage channels. Cut-and-cover sections may extend beyond the
portal where the stability of the material is doubtful. Transitioning of the
flow from open canal or flume to a free-flow tunnel is normally made in two
steps:
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
164
5.8
TUNNELS--Continued
. (1) From open canal or flume to a rectangular section at the tunnel PORTALS
pflrtal; and . (Cont'd. )
(2) From the portal to the tunnel section. (See Figure 14.)
.8 Tunnels may very in shape and size, but usually a minimum finished height DIMENSIONS
of 6 or 7 feet, depending on tunnel length, is used to allow for use of stand-
ard equipment and working room during construction. Cross sections larger
than the minimum should be determined by capacity requirements and eco-
nomic studies. Where horizontal curves are necessary in a tunnel, the radius
should be adequate to allow for unrestricted movement of construction equip-
ment. Figure 15 gives dimensional formulae for tunnel portal transitions.
.9 Normally, the head loss through a tunnel should include friction losses in HEAD LOSS
transitions and in the tunnel sections, inlet convergence and outlet divergence
losses, and bend losses. For design details, see Chapter 2. Where sand or
other abrasive material is carried by the water, it is desirable to limit the
velocity to about 10 feet per second. For clear water transportation, the only
limitation of velocity in a free-flow tunnel is a safe margin from critical
velocity. (See Figure 16.)
.10 Ordinarily, a tunnel will require some type of support over a portion of its SUPPORTS
length to hold the walls and roof until lining can be placed. Where supports
are required, steel ribs with timber lagging and blocking are generally used,
and their shape and placement should be designated on the drawings. The
size of the steel rib supports depends on the size of the tunnel and the char-
acteristics of the ground to be supported. Since the kind of material to be
encountered is not definitely known until the excavation is made, it is not
practicable to designate the size or spacing of the rib supports until this time.
In competent rock, no supports should be required. If the rock is shattered
or crumbly, extremely heavy pressures may be exerted, which will require
close spacing of heavy supports and the probable use of invert struts. When
soft ground or very unstable material is encountered, the use of tunnel-liner
plates may be required to restrain the material from moving into the excava-
tion. Rock bolts have been used successfully for supporting incompetent rock
under some conditions. Where their use is feasible, rock bolts with support-
ing members are more economical than steel rib supports with lagging and
blocking.
. 11 For the purpose of establishing minimum excavation and discouraging ex- "A" AND "B"
cessive overbreak during construction, two lines are usually shown on the LINES
typical tunnel sections. These two lines are referred to as the "A" line and
the "B" line. The "A" line is the line within which no unexcavated material
of any kind, no timbering, and no metallic or other supports for the sides,
roof or floor of the tunnel shall be permitted to remain; except that for the
steel rib supported section for the machine bored tunnel the structural steel
rib support may protrude inside the "A" line. The "B" line is the limit to
which payment will be made .
. 12 High-pressure grouting, when employed, is used in an attempt to solidify GROUTING
shattered or unstable rock, to cut off or minimize the flow of ground water AND
in the rock surrounding the tunnel, or to fill voids behind the concrete lining DRAINING
where high external hydrostatic pressure exists. Low-pressure or backfill
grouting is employed generally in pressure tunnels in an attempt to provide
the maximum amount of contact between the rock and the concrete lining. It
may also be employed in free-flow tunnels in areas of incompetent rock.
Ground-water pressure on the tunnel lining may be controlled by weep holes
through the lining or by a drain under the invert if suitable drain outlets can
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
165
5.13
TUNNE LS- -Continued
GROUTING be provided. Where permanency of the ground-water pressure is doubtful
AND and leakage from the tunnel is objectionable, flap valves on drain outlets in
DRAINING the tunnel have been employed. Grouting in areas in which invert drains of
(Cont'd. ) any type are installed for permanent relief will probably plug the drains and
should therefore not be contemplated.
PROTEC- . 13 See discussion of protective features for siphons in Subparagraph 5. 5B. This
TIVE discussion applies also to tunnels.
FEATURES
CHECKS
FUNCTION, .14 Checks are used to control the flow beyond the structure or to maintain a cer-
ARRANGE- tain water depth above the structure. Provisions should be made for overflow
MENT, on all checks. Checks may be a separate structure or combined with the in-
AND let to siphons, drops, or chutes. The combination is often desirable for econ-
TYPES omy and to prevent racing and scouring upstream of siphons or drops.
OF
CO:t\1'TROL Check structures generally lise radial gates, slide gates, stoplogs, or some
combination of these to contrul the amount of water passing the structure.
Radial A. Radial gates are generally used in large structures and may be provided
Gates with hand-lift or motor-operated hoists, depending on the size and weight.
Gate widths should not exceed 25 feet for most structures, as several
small gates are generally more economical and easier to operate than the
larger gates. Deflection of walle; and piers should be small to prevent
binding the gates. Figures 17 and 18 show radial-gate check structures.
Slide B. One or more slide gates are often used for smaller structures. Normally
Gates these are hand-operated gates, but experience has shown that many times
these gates are later converted to motor operation in conjunction with
some form of automatic controls. Therefore, it is important that the
gates selected are sturdy enough to be rr,otorized without rebuilding and
strengthening the frame. Figures 19 and 20 show small slide-gate check
structures. The total fall in water surface through the check on Figure 20
is limited to a maximum of 18 inches.
Stop C. Stop planks are sometimes used in checks with capacities less than 50 cfs
Planks where operational changes are infrequent or where it is unlikely that
automatic controls will be subsequently desired. Stop planks should not
be used in openings greater than 5 feet wide or with water depths over
6 feet. The guides should be vertical where the distance from the floor
to the bottom of the platform is less than 6 feet. For greater depths,
the guides should be sloped 1:4 downstream from bottom to top of the
stop plank guides.
The bottom of the stop plank guides or slide gates may be placed at the
upstream end of the structure if the capacity is less than 100 cfs, but
must be placed at least 2 feet from the upstream end of the structure for
larger capacities. See Figures 21 and 22 for stop plank grooves and
structural liners. Figure 23 is a design chart for stop planks.
Protective D. A 2-foot minimum width platform can be used if the height above the down-
Features stream check floor is less than 3. 5 feet, but if it is 3. 5 feet or more the
minimum platform width should be 3. 0 feet. A downstream guardrail is
required on the platform for heights above the floor of 3.5 feet or over,
and both an upstream and a downstream guardrail are required if the
height is 5.0 feet or more. For additional safety provision requirements
see Chapter 3, Safety Design Standards, of Design Standards Nc. 1.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
166
Canals and Related Structure:3 Chap. 5 Canal Structures
5.15
CHECKS- -C ontinued
· 15 A loss equal to O. 5 times the difference in velocity head between the check HEAD LOSS
opening and the upstream canal section usually is adequate, but more accu-
rate computations may be required where head is critical. Use 0.1 foot
minimum loss for isolated checks in small canals and O. 05 foot in large canals
where check structures are provided with streamlined transitions. About
3. 5 feet per second is the maximum velocity through check structures using
stop planks, owing to difficulty in operation, whereas a velocity of 5 feet per
second is not objectional through most structures using gates.
FLUMES, CHUTES AND DROPS

· 16 Flumes are used to convey water along steep hillsides, across depressions, FLUMES
and where restricted right-of-way or other reasons makes the construction
of canal banks undesirable or impracticable. Flumes set on the ground are
called bench flumes, and those supported above the ground, elevated flumes.
Rectangular concrete flumes are the most common, and concrete footings
with concrete or steel supports are generally used for elevated flumes.
A. The width to height ratio of a flume section should be set by economy of Flume
construction costs including excavation and fill, unless limited by local Section
conditions such as right-of-way. Backfill against the walls will also be
determined by local conditions. On rocky hillsides it is usually good
practice to backfill the side adjacent to the hill to protect the wall against
rocks. After backfill conditions are known, drainage and sliding resist-
ance must be provided as needed. The flume walls should be designed
for the loadings discussed in Chapter 2, and the induced moment and
shear in the bottom slab provided for. The walls of an elevated flume
are usually treated as beams to carry the load between supports. How-
ever, where the width exceeds 20 feet it may be more economical to use
an "ell" wall section separated from the floor by a joint and to carry the
center section loads between supports in the floor slab.
The flume should be provided with rubber waterstop joints every 25 feet.
These joints can be butt joints except that elastic filler joints should be
added from the PC to the PT of curves and adj acent to transitions. Bell
joints are not recommended.
B. Hydraulic losses in a flume should be computed the same as for a siphon, Hydraulics
except that the 10 percent excess loss is not provided. The velocity in
a flume should be low enough to avoid approaching critical depth at struc-
ture irregularities or at the maximum grade allowed by construction
tolerances with an assumed "n" = 0.011. See Figures 5 and 6 of Chap-
ter 1 for similar "Recommended maximum design velocity" in concrete-
lined canals.
Freeboard in a flume should be correlated with that in the adjacent canal;
it should be set to overtop before the canal banks or be higher than the
adjacent banks, whichever will give the least damage should overtopping
occur. For flume sections designed for velocities higher than critical,
see "Chutes" in the following paragraphs.
· 17 Chutes and inclined drops are structures commonly used to convey water to CHUTES AND
a lower elevation. When not more than 15 feet of fall in the energy gradient INCLINED
occurs at the structure, it is generally called an inclined drop, and when DROPS
more than 15 feet of fall in the energy gradient is to be dissipated by the
structure, it is generally called a chute. Chutes and drops are usually rec-
tangular in cross section; however, trapezoidal cross sections have occa-
sionally been used for small capacities in an attempt to effect construction
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
167
5.17A
FLUMES, CHUTES AND DROPS--Continued
CHUTES economy when the structure was located in thorough cut. Figure 24 shows
AND the nomenclature, symbols, and other data referred to herein for rectangular
INCUNED chutes and inclined drops. Figures 25 and 26 show a typical rectangular chute
DROPS and stilling pool structure.
(Cont'd. )
Inlet A. Check structures are often combined with the inlets of both chutes and
drops. The checks in such cases are utilized as a control to prevent
racing of the water upstream from the inlet, in addition to their usual
function of raising the water surface to permit diversion through up-
stream turnouts during periods of partial discharge. When no check
structure is required near the irlet to a chute or drop and the canal up-
stream does not have a hard-surface lining, the inlet to the chute or drop
must be designed to provide a control section which will prevent racing
upstream and scouring of the canal. The inlet must be designed so that
the full capacity can be discharged into the chute or drop with normal
depth in the canal. The inlet should be symmetrical about the centerline
and, whenever possible, sufficiently distant from horizontal bends up-
stream as to limit undesirable wave action due to unsymmetrical flow.
The len~th of the percolation path along the inlet structure, as computed
by Lane s weighted creep method, should be such that the phreatic line
does not intersect the top of the chute channel or stilling pool walls. For
construction reasons several cutoff walls, properly spaced, one of which
is the upstream cutoff as described in Chapter 2, are usually preferable
to one deep cutoff to provide the required length of percolation path.
Chute B. The chute channel, as shown on Figure 25, will usually consist of a
Channel length of channel with its grade following the general configuration of the
and original ground surface, and a short steep section leading to the stilling
Tapered pool. The slope of the steep section should not be steeper than 1-1/2: 1
Transitions and not flatter than 3:1; a slope of 2:1 is preferred. An economic width
of chute channel should be determined after the grade of the chute chan-
nel has been selected. For chutes, a spreading transition will usually be
required between the narrow chute channel and the stilling pool, and a
trajectory will be required between the flatter and steeper portions of
the channel. For inclined drops (see Figure 24), it is generally practi-
cable to make the chute channel the same width as the stilling pool, with
a vertical curve or trajectory between the slope of the inlet and the chute
channel slope. For the purpose of designing a rectangular chute the
depths should be computed along the chute channel to the beginning of the
trajectory or spreading transition using Manning's "n" of 0.010, by a
stepwise procedure such as illustrated in King's Handbook of Hydraulics.
Inlet structure losses should be neglected for this computation. The sine
of the chute channel slope angle, not the tangent, should be used in these
computalions.
The cotangent of the angle of contraction or expansion in developed plan
of each side of a tapered chule transition should not be less than 3. 375F.
The mean of the values of F at the beginning and end of the tapered tran-
sition may ordinarily be used. If the taper is for the most part on the
trajectory, K for the trajectory should be used. If a considerable part
of the taper is not on the trajectory, the taper angle and widths for sev-
eral points should be computed using the applicable K value and a chord
drawn for lhe taper which approximates the theoretical curve.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
168
5.17C
FLUMES. CHUTES AND DROPS- -Continued
a = Coriolis (velocity distribution) coefficient (ii not evaluated, Chute
a. may be considered equal to unity), Channel
and
d = depth normal to floor profile (water area divided by water Tapered
surface width), Transitions
(Cont'd. )
F = Froude number = V/.J(l-K) (gd cos e) la,
K = traj ectory acceleration factor defined in Subparagraph C below.
(ii SubRaragraph C is not used to detail the trajectory,
K = a V 2 /(gR cos e»,
n = 0.010 on concrete (n = 0.014 only for computing K on a ski
jump),
R = radius of curvature of floor profile (+ for trajectory, - for
ski jump),
V = longitudinal velocity (Q divided by water area), and
e = angle of inclination of floor profile.
Where practicable, the spreading transition should start at the beginning
of the trajectory, and end at the beginning of the stilling pool.
C. The trajectory may be determined from the following equations: Trajectory
taner. - tan eo) x
2
Y = X tan 90 + --"'=""2""'4--~--- (1)
K = (tan Itt - tan 90 ) 2hv cos 2 eo (2)

Lt
where
X = horizontal length from origin to a point on the traj ectory,
Y = vertical fall from origin to point X on the trajectory,
Lt = horizontal length from origin to end of the trajectory,
9 0 = angle of inclination of chute channel at the origin of

the trajectory,
eL = angle of inclination of chute channel at the end of the
trajectory,
z
tv = ¥g computed at origin of trajectory using Manning's
"n" = 0.010, and
K = 0.5 or less. (Vertical curvature reduces hydrostatic
pressure on the chute channel floor; limiting K to O. 5
or less assures positive pressures on the floor. )
A convenient value of Lt can be selected using Equation (2) above, which
will limit K to O. 5 or less. Values of Y can then be computed. The tra-
jectory should end at or upstream of the intersection of the chute channel
walls with the stilling pool walls.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
169
Chap. 5 C3-nal Structures CZlnals 3-nd Related Structures
5.17D
Trajectory The above trajectory equations may also be applied to a ski jump by con-
(Cont'd. ) sidering Y to be the vertical fall or rise from the origin to point X on the
upward trajectory, and by assigning proper algebraic signs to Go and er,.
Also, Manning's "n" = 0.014 should be used fo~' computing K on a ski jump.
Chute Wall D. When determining wall heights along the chute channel to the beginning of
Height and the traj ectory or spread transition, depths should be computed using
Freeboard Manning's "n" = 0.014 and a stepwise procedure as illustrated in King's
Handbook of Hydraulics. The critical depth, dc, should be computed
using the maximum capacity and the chute channel width. Minim'_un free-
board, Fb c , should be added to the depths computed above, or to 0.4 dc,
whichever is !Jreater, to determine minimum chute channel wall :"eiqhts.
Depths and freeboard are normal to the chute channel slope. Air entrain-
ment, which will occur with velocities exceedinq 30 feet per second, is
allowed for by usinq a depth not less than 0.4 de. Horizontal curves in a
chute channel, if necessary, will require additional freeboard to provide
for superelevation of water surface. Superelevation of the floor ffi8.y also
be prOVided. The minimum freeboard, Fb c , for a chute channel is:
Capacity, Q(cfs) Fb c (inches)
100 or less 12
101 to 500 It!
501 to 1000 18
Over 1000 24
Stilling E. The design of stilling pools for chutes and indined drops is discussed in
Pool Paragraphs 5. 20 throuqn 5. 23.
VERTICAL .18 Vertical drops are often used in canals and laterals to dissipate 8. few feet of
DROPS ener'dY. The maximum vertical drop in water surface is about 3 feet for
Q = 70 cfs or less, and 1. 5 feet for larger Q for this type of structure, except
where hard-surface lining or paving is provided downstream from the struc-
ture. Figure 27 shows a typical vertical check drop. Vertical drops of 8 feet
in water surface have been used with satisfactory operation in concrete-lined
canals; however, the maximum drop should normally be about 6 feet. A check
structure should normally be combined with the vertical drop to prevent draw-
down and scour upstream from the structure.
Dimensions A. Some of the pool dimensions are very important for satisfactory operation.
The downstream water surface must be lower than 0.6 times the upstream
critical depth to permit the jet to plunge and thus prevent excessive waves
downstream from the structure. Figure 28 shows the controlling dimen-
sions, and the designs should use a pool length within 6 inches of those
determined by this information, except for capacities of less than 100 cfs
where some additional length may not cause objectionable waves. Per-
colation may require extra length or cutoffs on this type of struc~ure, but
the extra length is not desirable in the pool section.
CLOSED- . 19 Different types of closed-conduit drops are used in canals and laterals. The
CONDUIT type generally used consists of an inlet transition with check, a reinforced
DROPS concrete pipe, and an outlet transition or baffled outlet. This structure can
provide a road crossing as well as an energy dissipator. Figure 29 shows
two types of pipe drops.
Type 1 pipe drop is generally used where the pipe can be sumped sufficiently
to create a hydraulic jump for dissipating excess energy in the pipe at its
lowest elevation or upstream thereof. Pressure surges and air entrainment
DS-:3-5 - 12/8/67
170
5. 20
should be considered in. the design, and a long downslope reach of pipe should CLOSED-
be checked with Figure 12 of Chapter 2 to insure satisfactory operation. CONDUIT
Design of the outlet is similar to that for a comparable siphon. The capacity DROPS
of a Type 1 structure for continuous operation is usually based on a velocity (Cont'd. )
of 5 feet per second with pipe flowing full.
Type 2 pipe drop is generally employed where it would be impracticable to
sump the pipe as required for Type 1. Excess energy dissipation must then
be accomplished at the outlet with either a baffled outlet as shown or a stilling
pool. Velocities up to 50 feet per second have been allowed in the downslope
rea-ch of pipe, provided that the size of pipe is sufficiently large to limit the
velocity to 12 feet per second when the pipe is flowing full.
STILLING POOLS
.20 Stilling pools are usually required to dissipate the excess energy of the water GENERAL
at the downstream ends of chutes and inclined drops. They are designed to
produce a hydraulic jump and to contain the jump to the extent that turbulence
of the water at the outlet will not cause erosion damage to the downstream
canal or channel. The following aids to design are applicable to stilling pools
where the Froude number ( F 1 = ~) is between 4.5 and 15. Special con-
\ g 1
sideration and in some cases model studies are required for pools having
Froude numbers outside of this range. The discharge per foot of width is
usually limited to a maximum of 200 cfs for stilling pools u~ed in canals and
wasteways. Flared pools are sometime employed and require special design
consideration when used.
For inclined drop structures \where the vertical fall in energy gradient is less
than 15 feet) the table in Figure 18 of Chapter 2 or the following formula may
be used to determine the depth at the downstream end of the hydraulic jump:
d 2 -- -dl
2 +
J2V/g dl d1
+ 4
2
(3)
"F" is the vertical fall from the normal upstream energy gradient to the
minimum downstream energy gradient. The minimum downstream energy
gradient is usually determined as follows:
A. When the stilling pool discharges into an uncontrolled channel, a control
must be provided by the outlet structure and critical depth at the control
section should be used to determine the downstream energy gradient.
B. When the stilling pool discharges into a controlled channel, nonerodible
or with downstream control, the channel depth as computed by reducing
the assLlmed "n" value for the channel by 20 percent should be used for
determining the minimum downstream energy gradient for full design
capacity.
For chute structures with constant width stilling pool, Figure 19 of
Chapter 2 or Equation (3) above may be used to determine d 2 • The
downstream energy gradient should be determined as in Subparagraph A
above. The upstream energy gradient should be the computed depth plus
the velocity head in the chute at the intersection of the chute floor and
the assumed invert of the stilling pool. Several trial computations are
usually necessary to obtain confirmation of d z and pool invert elevation
as required by the downstream energy gradient.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
171
5.21
STILLING POOLS--Continued
LENGTH .21 Where use of the stilling pool is to be intermittent and for short duration of
AND flow, such as in most wasteways or structures carrying floodwater, the
FREE- minimum pool length should be 3d z . Where uninterrupted use or long dura-
BOARD tion of flow is expected, the minimum pool length should be 4d z • The pool
length sho'lld be measured as shown on Figure 24. No portion of an outlet
transition shou:'d be included in the minimum pool lengths given above. The
curve shown on Figure 24 may be used as a guide for determining freeboard
in stilling pools. This freeboard is considered to be the height above the
normal downstream energy gradient.
CHUTE .22 Chute and pool blocks should be provided to break up jet flow and stabilize
AND POOL the hydraulic jump in a stilling pool. The usual size, shape, spacing, and
BLOCKS location of chute and pool blocks are shown on Figure 24.
OUTLET .23 The cross-sectional water area at the downstream end of the outlet structure
should be equal to that of the canal downstream, or. should be sufficient to
produce a safe noneroding velocity for the channel. The length and shape of
an outlet transition should be set to provide the water surface angles and
hydraulic requirements described in Chapter 2, except that no loss is assumed
for the transition.
BAFFLED APRONS
GENERAL .24 Baffled aprons are particularly useful for dissipating energy where the down-
stream control may change, but they are also suitable for other locations.
When considered for use in canals or laterals where the downstream channel
is controlled, cost comparisons should first be made with other types of drop
structures such as rectangular inclined drops, pipe drops, and chutes. Fig-
ure 30 shows structures designed for about 36 cis per foot of width adjusted
to provide partial blocks against the wall. This illustration shows a notch
control on the inlet to reduce upstream scour. When the crest of the apron
is higher than the upstream channel, a slot should be provided through the
crest for drainage. The inlet may be level if the upstream channel is suffi-
ciently stable to prevent erosion.
DIMENSIONS .25 The following steps are suggested as guides to be used in setting the dimen-
sions of baffled aprons:
(1) Set the longitudinal slope of the floor and side walls at 2: l.
(2) Approximate width of structure should be set by the relation,
w= --2.-
q
where
w = width,
Q = maximum total discharge, and
q = allowable discharge per foot of width
(3) Allowable q may be as much as 60 cfs per foot when the total dis-
charge is over 1, 000 cis. See table of dimensions for suggested
ranges of discharge per foot for various total discharges.
(4) Baffle blocks:
a. The first row of baffles should be placed so that the upstream

face of the base is at the downstream end of the circular curve
and no more than 12 inches in elevation below the crest.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
172
5.25
BAFFLED APRONS--Continued
b. Baffle block height, H, should be 0.9 of critical depth, dc, to DIMENSIONS
nearest inch. (Cont'd. )
c. Baffle block widths and spaces should be equal, and should be
between Hand 1-1/2 H. Partial blocks, width 1/3 H to 2/3 H
should be placed against the sidewalls in row 1, 3, 5, 7, etc.
Alternate rows of baffle blocks should be staggered so that each
block is below a space in the row above. Adjust structure width
found in step (2) above so that convenient baffle block widths can
be used.
d. The slope distance between rows of baffle blocks should be 2 H,
but no greater than 6 feet.
(5) The entrance velocity at the beginning of the chute should not exceed
the critical velocity,
(6) A minimum of four rows of baffle blocks should be used. The baffled
apron should be extended so that the top of at least one row of baffle
blocks will be below the bottom grade of the outlet channel as estab-
lished by the applicable paragraph below. The apron should be ex-
tended below the last row of blocks a distance equal to the clear
space between blocks.
a. The channel grade may be controlled by a downstream structure,
by geologic formation, or by being on a. stable slope for the ca-
pacity in question. A slope of 0.0018 will usually be stable for
storm water flows, but for canal water the assumed slope should
be no steeper than that of a canal in the same material.
b. Cross drainage storm flows may discharge on slopes of erodable
material where no downstream controls exist or are provided.
In such locations the amount of slope material that can be trans-
ported by one design storm should be computed. Also, the down-
stream channel, after the design storm, that will result from
the eroded material being removed above a slope of O. 0018
should be computed. The bottom row of blocks should be set
below this computed channel invert elevation. When scour has
occurred, the apron and walls should be extended to provide for
future storms by exposing the reinforcement in the end of struc-
ture and bonding new extension to the original installation.
(7) Gravel or riprap should be provided on each side of the structure from
the top of the slope to the downstream channel. This protection above
the maximum downstream water level is to prevent splash erosion.
Below this water level the protection is required to prevent erosion by
side rollers. Wing walls (see Figure 30) hold the slope protection in
place. Channel protection below the structure should be in accordance
with Paragraph 2.32. Rockfill at the bottom of the apron is usually
unnecessary.
(8) The baffle blocks are usually constructed with their upstream faces
normal to the chute floor. The longitudinal thickness of the baffle
blocks at the top may vary from 8 inches for the smaller structures
to 10 inches for the larger structures.
(9) Suggested height of the walls to provide adequate freeboard is three

times the baffle pier height measured normal to the chute floor. It is
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
173
Chap. 5 C::wal Structures Canrlls 2nd Relrtted Structures
5. 26
BAFFLED f\~PRONS--Continued
DIMENSIONS ~Tenerally not feasible to SRt the freeboard for these structu:res to
(Cont'd. ) contain all of the spray'lnd spl".sh.
(10) The slope stability or tendency of the baffled apron to slide down the
2: 1 slope should be checked. This i:3 particularly important in chan-
nels where erosion may remove the support at the downstream toe
of the apron. In model studies performed on haffled aprons, piezorr,-
eter readings on the baffle blocks have indicated an averaqe net water
pressure on the blocks in the downstream direction of between 4 and
5 feet of water. This is equivalent to a :orce of between 250 and :310
pounds per square foot of block area in the downstream direction
parallel to the apron slope.
Following is a tabulation of baffled apron dimensions:

*DischaToe Chute
Capacity per foot of width de
(ds) chute width (ds) (feet) (feet)
o to 39 5 to 10 4 0.92 to 1. 46
40 to 99 10 to 15 4 to ? 1.46 to 1.91
100 to 189 15 to 20 7 to 9.5 1. 91 to 2.32
190 to 459 20 to 30 9.5 to 15 2. 32 to 3.04
460 to 999 30 to 50 15 to 20 3.04 to 4.27
1,000 and up 50 to 60 20 and up 4. 27 to 4.82
*Discharge per foot should be increased proportionally to capacity within

range indicated
TURNOUTS
GENERAL .26 Turnouts divert water from a main water supply channel to a smaller channel
or a farm irrigation ditch. The large turnouts are usually designed as open
channels with a bridge, while the smaller structures usually have a covered
conduit. Radial or slide gates are generally used to control the amount of
water diverted through the turnouts. The structure must be large enough and
set low enough to carry the required flow from a checked water surface in the
main channel. Water measurement is usually required at turnouts; therefore,
constant-head orifice structures, open flowmeters, line meters, Parshall
flumes, or weirs are often combined with turnout structures. Except for the
inlet, a closed-conduit turnout is usually the same type of structure as an
inverted siphon or a closed-conduit drop.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
174
Canals and Rel.1.ted Strt:ctures Chap. 5 Canal Structures
TWO MEDICINE SIPHON--PRECAST CONCRETE PIPE BARREL Fig. I Par. 5.3A
1;[; il!!
l!~
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1
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PROFILE Rlirlforrrf!¥f't stHL_. _~_H.IQO Lbs
.0 0 00 ~ Prtwst qmcrrft prwJ41rt/ (lI(1t/
, , • • • I
fl6A15 • n Lin,Ft
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lIISAjQ 117 LitJ. Ft.
__ .JgLin.Ff.
NOTES
SfrTtiom and tlf~tlOM rdPr fpitWrrt, "n/t/$S DtllNWiStl shfMn.
~tk1fls Dnd MlJtiOM oF # hrtds,l1iId of 'honftts ,,, ,los,"'"
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For/of}So'ffJt/OIQ9knplonJfifm,stltl2-D-ID_
REFERENCE ORA WINGS

Gflol~R"l f'U.IoI.NO C.I/Ml steT/OIlS _2-0-7.
Y".IIo1SITOON5_ _ 2-0-"~
IN.otrQrr .• . __
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lIt ... t:I(~tt:tt:T ,"D,"''' 'ItRIt;iATlO" "ffO,ltt:t:T-IIrl'O/ll'T.I/II'A
rwo "'EDICINE CANAL - 5TA.216'f27,"
TWO MEDfCfNE S,PHON
PRECAST CONCRETE PIPE BARREL
•••_ '" , •••,...... ~..d
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DS-3-5· ; 2/8/6'/ 175

C 2.Ilals ami :G clclteci Struc ture s Chap. 5 Canal Structures
TWO MEDICINE SlPHON--TRANSITIONS Fig. 2 Par. 5.3A
· -w(,C
in cfnt"
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1 : seCTION A-A
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SeCTION D-D
lB' SECTION E-E
------ " 4 '>? ' .". ", 'e". '"''''',-''.' NOTCS

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DETAIL C
q,="'~~lb~':_-~~~;C~:t?"'''>f'''
L ONGI TUD/NAL SECTION "'(;:moff i~r::~::~dd~;P~:::du::~::t:p
:~:~r;;l«ttd (umpottt6 bock'lll. 'F-'l
-....s:nnn. SAFETV
DS-3-EJ - 12/8/67
177
Canals and Related Slruetures Chap. 5 Caml Structures
TYPICAL INLET TRANSITION WITH CHECK--66-, 72-, AND 78-INCH PIPE DIAMETERS Fig. 3 Par. 5.3A
,.HandroiI5 ".t Sh••" S,••• ,,,,,, ,.,,, {
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SECTION 8-8
SECTION A-A
ESTIMATED QUANTITIES
'Symm~trl(ol
.bout ~
SIOO Ills
."i;:::::.'," "".__ -,,/,J L__ --------7"=J I / ~~I~:. 5S00 Us
76" I ]1 ell. 'Ills. ~900 III
//>;:::;;.--_ 8 "" C
.,//';;;;;',,;::-::. "" NOTES
.---------~~~,.
Sylllmtfr'e.1 about ~ ~SY!ll",~/,.,cal ab.o.rl ( U~ltS5 atlltr.ise 5ih::J",". PfOCl! r""faret"'lInt '" thot'''-
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• a:h06~·u FarlZ:OICZSr'>-'11 0" •
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FlJr 78" D'o z'-Jf; ~r. ';;}- 5~.. ' ilona/ifni, eonuf'~ dniqn based on IJ calflprU$i~t
8 -. . ~' -8 $'r,n9'11 of '000 po"nds pfr 5q~C'rt ,nell (It 28 doy5
!
. . , ' .~ -r . ~:. o .,Q-Q n
PLAN Forli6 0018 J
l For '2" Oro 19· > ... ;:~ ~,~: ~~:. ::r :--{~ . ~:',~_;,
For 'B D,o 20 I ZI
'·RtiMarcf"'fntnafsh".n
SECTION C-C
SEGTfON ()-D SECTION £-£
REFERENCE DRAWINGS
"/I'C JlA"O'U,c '"O,T CO .... CoTIOlol lIlTlUl ...• _.JOf-.-,~4
,--I-Iondro,ls nat 5M.~
" 'CUH~__ . fO-0-4'315
F'Hc;'''5-SAr€TrNE'ANOc •• u,_
Tr"'~.l 1'IUns._ _ "Of-O-'~O
fI~~n:::~:::t_nt
l
IT I .... ' .•. '
l+-r
:.-i'::~:': :~:n:::;;r:q~~I;;o:P~~:d
tkcL_Lrl'~
"E:]rt~StCZ '.L.[~ -.' and /lOtlam af th! pier.
,'!4@IZ" 4-{OiO.S'Cf>ChOrS tquollyspoctd
.' IOct tnd onrhor. J'from top
J ond bottom of 'he p,er ""'::''''.~.,._ . --0 ~TIlm. SAKTV
1 ".- .." .. t .. .-~r 0" r .. ~ ' .. refOlo"
;1'0' . " " , , , , , OF ~.c~u,.r,,,,,
P'P~ hand,oil.:. .'\~ ·"e'nfr;rr~",ent not <~o." ."Clfr couNr .. ~"D.JEOT-uTAH
~!s::·::::~::,·r." ,.. . pos/----·· . i I
COTTONWOOD CREEK·HlJNTINGTON CANAL
P'P~ handrail po, 1 .,'0-
iNLET TRANSiTION WITH CHECK
For /iii' Dio. 4:'~' ", :'
For 7Z" Oitl 4'- g' ~ . DETAIL 9 66", 72· AND 7S" PIPE OIAAIETERS
DETAIL A
F.r 1,' Oio. ~~2": . . . . . . . ._ • • _':.' .•
J,~ '_'V.""T"" __ .~_?~'~ _
,!,~,'!'....
"."O""."K,, __ (Jf1._~._.
LONGITUDtNAL SECTION
cn"c.".c··"-6/.~·r-· . . . ,,··.. __ .~ . . ~~, __
..._ .......,C<>L""'._ "".u., '.,'.... I 304-0-126
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 179

8. 9 SIPHON, MAIN CANAL, NAVAJO INDIAN IRRIGATION PROJECT--MONOUTHIC BARREL PROFILE Fig. 4 Par. 5.3A
(pc. 4lf+06,5~ £1.nZf•• ~ (P.{.47gI'4J.74 £1.5'20.'4

... (PC 47HJ6·~fl.569&.O· (f>C.47Hf)().H [156'''07 ~;~ ~~:::~.~ ~:;:~:::: r.<~~ :i::::::~ ~::;:~::
8 .:~ ri;; :;;:;::: ~;~::~ r<:~ :;;:~i;; :::::;;; ! ,~: :;,~' ~:;';~ ! l~:::o:'~~:~
;i~ ~:~''',"'' ~i~ " ,mw' ~ 'L ---------------i -L- ~P" ..,,'i/;___---
--::..--=-...~:r:;;:~ '---.i...- , --- I Or,glnlJ/9 ""'flJct ::: -'---
,\r~~:: ~:;:; """~,,,,,,,,.,,:~l~:~';:'" ::::, ... ,Hor'lDflt(JIPI~17tJ()6
l'~ ~ - : ~~---!- -----;--~'."'ff i i "POfb~kf,' I" •• w""',," __ ,' rtJfN1d _,
-==-- ":> F Tvpof IXJcUdl ' , r- StlJ HJt5J1I1 " ~ :
--~~~~.': '''''''' '-,I, .' ~,~'~;,\l:~'J~J_~~~~~~''''':'~i ;.__-_-__L__.!_"t__;:_~L"; '"; " ;, ,b,'d," "("', L, -, -,~, L-__ ~,-__L__-_....!-"l~"i~....l='.~=;;7.:;.:;;I.-~
''''''S''''''N ~."."j,:'-''>''''''';'~::,..=: ".' .",' >\<f,r-""OO'«t'''''''''''' ::;;r.""""",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1'24.9/' Stct.... n(J( 2CA50
<co,,,, ' '::,:~:;":,:~~:':,:::,;: '~j .-"""""'C"'",', -*:: ;,''!;' ',,'Or •".: ::: FI:';"'''''"''','" 0""" J PRO
.~
• - 'I'B75 _n uf ?I06T~;5Cf Zl~~:;iO~ of ~IC f tIO.~O~· ...., ..- .- .... _.. __ ._.
~~f- ::~::;.:~ gg;;j)6 C""cr'''_______ _ ._._ ••• • 870 C<I,rds
I"'~ 00' scct~~ noD' ;erf I' Z~·(JII_I"!))' $r('t,OP 0 RrmforumfnL ._.___ __. __ .'90.000 L1>5.
;--<: ~r. :!t/ ;4&.·l~ 1I:;~~~:·19 IIIoncliff"cconcrtffpipr
~r. I. J2' L.l 64' 210"25__ , ... .51:' LinFt
210"50_ _ I.,CLin,Ff.
110C50 •• .25 LIIT,n
___ ...L~ ~~_,·_~~,.c_~,"~~e~_ 210#,15__ __J75 LinFf.
2'081'-_ _ •. 1'JOLinFr.
lfOSPEOJlL. .4ILiltFt
' , . Concreffprr5$U~P'M.2.A25 .,192 Lin.Ff.
• NOTE.S
Le"'r;~hof 5e''''ons1!J P<" 25'O,·;;lllr55 othrrlllisrshDwff.
StotiOM,fle.ononS,ondve,ol.'col."ixfll.'Y!Frr Ioinvrrt,r$crpt
onhOri:OMoJaJNes
SymbtJlsdes"}fIOtitlt} fYfJI!of pipr:with 21QA25,
",.,~~ . . :~:~:;5::T·;T-::.·i:I:;··Lr::I::TJ:f::;~E;~ 21(J .'ndic"t.s (111 iflsidr di"mrrtrof 210,·
II-ClXkfOr m,,{,mliml1l1"III"/)/rlwi9"''''rDrtltt:iIJ~'''
top of pi~, """, B-/O' fllld C.15.'
1'5 - 'neirat",,, mluimum "11,,wl1b~ hydrostlJtir hflsd of
2" ",rowrta tot: ofpi/N,
,..ROFILE
i ~ "" "i' HYDRAULIC PROpeRTIES

(PC4'1(1fJJ.J?n!j819.87
~C.LE 0' fE~T ~~'TlrJ" A V a r If
PI. 490+ ~OOI fl 587'Jl<J
,<PfHOt<f'.&Jfl.58BO.41 F/lJmtl1boff 1800
<:\. /4' J~' ~O" H_ 52.50'
REFERENCE DRAWINGS
S'phDlT 240.$3 7.44 1800 ~.Je .0/5 ''''LET TI"'fIISlriOf// -I1-'70
\'.6-'«' LoIJ.J" Cl1fIfJIHIofI1460.34IJ.uII«lOIUll.OI5 OOTLET TRllfliSrrfOf// 'Off SlP_S~ ~ _ _ -D-'"
_ _ _. _ _ HydrlJul,c grorjrtnt HoruonflJlcurn E",,,rHWOITIl SfCnOf//:!__ _ .O.-O-/7S
~.~ ill!~~T
,""'''OLITH'C Sl"HC/" IIIA''''fLS «J'-D-175
..'It\lfNr ~ -O-I"
'
~_~
~~ff .'OrlOFF __ ~O.·D..,~
Sf",~90tl!HIEU8tJI.0IJ __
\ /-<Jrigino/,roUI)(/
, ' wrfQt:~
•..• "_."..... '.. _ ":,:", .,,"),.;;::.,:::i /;:i?jt?'C~;~:;~" ;;,;--"--

5.00 SP(ftf1r/ IIOA1Y__ : __ -6_t5odStC P.C.492t94.45
SoF
~--,;r---~">1"'------- 1 "-C ~rrt'7.01 E15m,u 1'.1. ~~~~~'~;IdSutw1 LiM
('NS.co' S~rltHI;'~"'~ n' ~ct;Oh of llO875 /\ ::.. :~~:~:: :,~ :~:'_~ ~ ~~,~:;~~J~,! It" 37'00· Lr.
of IlC811 PROFILE J..../ !~: ;,~;~!,o:rJJ. It v;:,~~~~:~':,'::t6'/~ -.- . - s fMIflll SAF£TY
QE... It~.EII~ . " n'''' "'~ff"'a"
_ .. . , Q. . . . ff"~ ...llrfO/W
~: ;:.. ~: / i ~:~!~;.
NAVAoJO ,Not_ ''''''.A710111 ~"OoJ~t;T-Nef//f~~ICD
MAU" CANA1. - STA. 471 + 40
B.9 SIPHON
MONOLITHIC BARREL
PftOF,LE
_ ......... _~~,'!.'----_.,,-,~~ .... ~~-'-~-~---
DETAIL. A DETAIL. B
::::::E~~::~-::~1~~·;;-'-'
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
181
Chap. ~" C::ml Structure::;
TYPICAL MONOLITHIC SIPHUl'J BMU\ELS--HE/\DS 0 TO 100 FEET Fig. b Par. ~J. 3.t,
Symm about",
d-
Hoops shalf consist of nat more thon
'",'
......
/~,,~,"~
:..# J> I~:~ ~
'-.•,_---57,·5 Langit eoch face
~-
two equal lengths of bors lop~d . . r;c,;;;-<'£ Lap~1 I "F" Bor- -- "'."""
dlometers at splices. Lop outer hoops /1' .. \\:
alternately right and 18ft of vertical ;1- '! ", I ~... D \\
{ of pipe Lop Inner hoops alternately I.... . '.-p i ,,;~~/ . ~,
"'-ti,',ij.IJ k <j:-" '." ,~'E" Bar
above and below homontol , of pipe
r i o ~'.L:
. i __
'J" 0"':.., : . , -4:,• •
_
I .,. "
. .~~ ~~~f~
•
" ~
1'\ .,',,"j
~
I ';:. -
\\-h --"-, Lop I, J/
\~~ i-- 40' ", J -
'("
';',Y,,:, ;;
.;)
\'Y, XI
, ,"0";: jV __~
; .
~'T .-/'- - - - ~
- - --1-
CIRCULAR HOOPS SEGMENTAL BARS
TYPICAL SECTION
Omit segmentl,'; and substitute Omit segmen tal bars and

Circular hocp" • some ~Ile as largest substitute CIrcular hoops 1<'---35'0" Round to Squcre
segmental be ·n corresponding face \ of some sIze as lorges t TranSItion -Infet or Ovtlet
~<-- A,",(,Type A rubber woter- segmen tal bars In Structure
/ ' _.~ }<-J"I'., stop) see .0-D-2867 corresponding foce -_
Segmental Dars_
~~t,
~\ '"'I
~
I
->I
,
r~J"
;
, ',:
'-:~.
I"'-~Lon(jltudlnol
bars
/
" Type A rUbber woter-
srop, see .0-0 - 2867
}
" ~,.~,:
,;,
"
.,,:,,'-+-
I
:...::.....J. 1 .~"
t=, ,,~,., Lr-:-

'" ,,: I> 1 "-
~ ~1ft~I"\~ '-Inside face
CIrcular hoops at ~ ',,- Contra~tlOn Jomt
regUlar tnter-va/s- j Coat Jomt With
seolinq compound.
JOINT DETAIL
CONTRIJ,CTION JOINT DETAIL CONNECTION TO STRUCTURES
/vOTES
Concrete deSign based on a Comf}reSSI~e strength of 3000 Ibs
per sq Inch of 28 days.
A 1/ dImenSions '(1
relnfrrcernen tare fo center s of bars
Segmental boT!. to be placed midway betw-een Clrcvlar hoops
At bends pla.. e tr('flrerSf reInforcement In a fonllke manner so that
~RCULAR REINFORCEMENT'TWO LAYERS the spOCing 15 not exceeded at outSide of curve.
INNER REINFORCEMENT OUTER REINF. Pipe classes are shawn (In the profiles as 2/0A50,2/0B75,etc
A. B.C and n
deslgnote alfowobJe em th cover of 5,10,15 and 20
feet ('espectively j 25,50, 15} etc. deSignate allowable
heads In feet to et of pipe
Reinforcement bars shall conform ta A S.T AI. A-fJ2
CHANGCV~6@12~ TO
ro I?-Z!.. 66
.Y?:J_Pr
!INNER ftCINf, fOR 21DASD
·IJ@/o" DELCTCD WELOING OF RE'''fQRCEllfIiT
U/lIIT£D STATES
D£PAflfTftlENT OF THE INTERIO~
BUREAU OF flfECLAM.ATtOIol
NAVAJO 'NOlAN IRRIGATfON PROJECT-NEW MEXICO
MAIN CANAL
STA.1I2+ 94 TO 128 +00 AND 471+ 40 TO 712 +~o
MONOLITHIC SIPHON BARRELS
HEADS 0 TO 100 FEET
210D25 JJ9 (iiHO l- .9(~/O - IIS6iJJI" #i6r.JW

050 ./0(0)/1' .9@/I" ~@-". "-'-Il~
210SDec • BriIO· #81iiIiT' .....~- 'i6@V--I------

lie ........ T1llnK SAfETV
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
183
Cana~~ and Rcl,ited Stru:=:Lures Chap. Canal Structures
STOI\'Y CREEK SIPHON \VITH CHECK--PLAN AND SECTIONS Fig. 6 Par. 5.3B
Trolls.Remf. ootsbown-) Detail A_.~ll~~r-=-t

~\c "{--rT
----t-~ . /2 ~ ~ i
l Both ~DCI'S.t"p : '-BondmturlJptrd , t.
ondbotfomstabsj Jl'Jngif_borsinfu
SlchWlJlIs
i,
~B! 8 ~
_L_ ___i
PLAN '5C-;[
-rc -~~maboul~
~ ~ f ~ r HALF PLAN-CLOSED TRANSITtON
C()f1cr~te . 4l0rJ ClJ
~ln(orceme-nt5ttel !MJ,~Q(l lbs
18',9' Rad,ol gote-sond Mists .J £C1C1l
Miscell/lneous metal Wiork 1870 Lbs
.~,:::~~~: ~~C~~i':;;;:"~~i:-"'__ [11 to, Erl[;~J'f,~"'''" •• 7'o"Cho,n link fenc~ _ _ _ ._. 560 Lin Ft
, TT (cM"d '" ' " " ' ' ' "'" ,p ",.1>/'" __ " GENERAL NOTES
Unl~!s other",!! S"(JJlln,ploc~ I'l',,,forctment Sll thor tfie
~~'~i:4<;ii.Cl;= ~ ;,,~rI:J::'.: ,::r -r.J LT.I:r:I: ~,
,"."),,~,,.;;:i:;;!;~'::"~;"I<~" :('"""""")~'"" ~_: u ~":::';:;;:::"o."'" ' u u U-i')l~'j? '"'f';., -0''''''"'',,,'"",,,,,) (I~(]r dlstonc~ b~hfeel1 face '" concr~tl' and toeol"est rein-
forcementis '-1" for·s b<lrs and smaller, 2"for-& bars to
·SbcJ,rsinr:llJsive,.omJ2'·fcr"'9borsolldlorger,ucept
7}~~~~/~f~~~iv&, SRtlv;;] '--2'01" SECTION provide" c/"or d'stan~e from fuce at ~an~r~te pltJc~d
aqoin3t earntJrrock of t"w/lerl'~lob thidness 15 g"W
le5S0ndJ",,/lere.Joothicknnslsqreoft>rt/lan9"
Lapo/t bars 30 dIOml'tersatspli~sunlessot/l,rJlises/lown
Chamfl!r all eXjl<)$I'dcornl'rs ,mless .other"i~l' shown
I"
Conc{'f!tedeS"!lnI5I>oS~O!locompres5!n5rren9t/lrJf.JOOll
(b,_ptlf" sqUQre inch at 28dojls
~ongltRl'i{d" ,..frons._ R.inf
\far~ tludness of ,'OfICretl' uniformly Ilet"Hn dimension,
"9Co,lJ?~ sllown.
Ploee entire ltrlJ~tlJre on 0 foundotionof undisturbed earth
~ I~;'~~. of 'i:\ ~ ~Tf /Wemer spacinQ Or tho,'Oughly compQcfed fill
·'@'2~ -"! fo-.'•
;;,,',.
ri;ljJ/!"st~'~;:;~'!£, 0n:~~:;~,7:: or rubber "oler~lop luluucti01l ShQWf1 011
•t" ":@'" ,",,,,m.. ~··~~_TypeArUbbU !'<umerQlsinparenthesesroJ/o"i"'J"otesOlldsecfiQn IIdtlin

~-- w(Jt~rsto,.
"~f;.~ ,.w,.,,' ,+ ind"Qt~ thl'rdertncedro"i."'l11Um~rup"nJlhich the
J"->il-
~¥~r: section or d~hJil is slloJin
SECTION E-E
SECTION F-F "'"
..;,l: 'ffi~: REFERENCE DRAWINGS
"\...>'" "" yo."" 8 SECT/ON D-D .9@1?~ .... J'O'~{ __ stmlll abo~t { CHEC1<IIILEt-"LAIiARII5ECTIC... 5 __
\\\~iI;)ii':i,,,,~g'.
CHECr< 'IILET-SECT/O,"' .IIOOE1AIL5 • tiOl·O-Uet;
--_._~.~~~. - . /
,,~~~._-r-----~r..,,-.---.@'2" CHE(;I< INtET-OEUILS___________ _ __ 602.-0-1181
O\..;J.- '_9@Il"
,i.~.:2' -~4~i /,_"_-C°Bar@12" OuTL';-T TR"''"'It!O'"_________ _ _ 'Of·0·1I'9
':..:;,~"':9@12" /f"'OI"'L6AffANOl1Or:STI,.SIALLIII1011 60i'-f}-IJTT
ELECTR'CAL '"'TE''' 01110 ..... "'5 __ _ 60e-D-IJ2~
"1. ~',_-8@lt·' Ru"E" ~"T!"'TO' INff"5!CTlON' 6al_D_Jle.
'fUlI'ER ... IIT£R5TOP9__________ _4Q-0-1'8t;T
SECTION C'C 41'" I*OH.,l HIIIVOHllL OET.Il' . 40-0-60'.\1
SECTION ({::~:: :~~ ::~: I"JI"EH,l"OlU/l.
Pf>Sf·COIV/oiECTIONOErAILS 50Z'I]-!te1
f SCLEOf nET! CMAINLINII5AFEn fENC/N"IlET .. rLS
B·B c ~c.• l( or r,fT
,.O'SH',I)","" <-< _"",_'1
,CoatcO:ltoctsurfocelllith
; ~p~Iln9 rompoolld bl'l'ore
\ploon'lwall
.~ JDi"t
~:~~ ~12·r<-
{ Ty~ A l'ubbl'l' _~,mm_Ob~"t £--,.., i~"f;~r;~~,:,:, ~":';:" rubber
',)Y~A -
T'----f-~n'
"",er5foP·-_·!J·~_~_M--'Wirh,SI'01,ngCO"'pt)Und "'Mt~r!itop I'f' c· 0 "
"A" AND "B" BARS • ..-n TN'' . SAfETY
~!,.,,~ . '"""."''' "",, j
0"- YHFINYE:IO'I)"
~ ,"""" 'K-fr " 'j,,,",,,,,"O'" ft .i:~~:;:;,,"M'
3<"', :' /
t Typ~ rub~r _£ A 'o:J
~~-,.i
~_, l)""."H'"",,
.U"E"''' 1)"-"ECLMUr-II),"
CE/IIT/fAl VAll.-fCY I"1/0"'~T
L{:_~~:J _:: ~O~':1, ~'"
1 lOt
"..~.,~~ \:t""ff ~'"'",,,m.",
;~~~ :~;:~:~;)""". '~"'~"" ' Spon9~
f-~, '"!"Chomfer
eubl>~,·r . lle • '"'b.i'J~'."",
b
7'~\~.,
0 ... 0 •
9,2~· • C· ~O~5 'i
9.75" "D' iors J-~~.,
TEH"AM;t:CO~~S~ACC;N:L::AREACHA3
STATION ItlO,!;",*,OB •
STONY CREEK SIPflON WITH CHECK
J"-:-o':"-_f
,',,:~~-,
,....,.,,'. , ''''kx>, '" I , " " &.,.
.:i~~ _"
f<---n"- -->-I \
l 'l,,", .,,', PLAN AND SECTIONS
~ ~,\~~::. >""'~"'~
T~-, "-Joont r7"","",
F" C.
'="d'",'."w<,:,,,:,~,
c~g"p~"db"". pi",,,. ~ ',.,," ~ ,,,' ! ":i,.""'"~2
' '::;~~. ',!.@ ,
TYPICAL CONTRACT/ON JOINT DETAIL A ~~.~. .5~-~:f~
~ , " , , , .. DETAIL B ~~~~;!'~~)
un j
. , BOX SECTION "e· AND "0" BARS
;:::::.ij;:"~",,-:::::::::~~
SClLEOFFEET ~.~~ ....."... , C::;:;;"''''<>~.: ,.., ,.... 602~D·1I84
DS-3-" - 12/8/67 185

tJ
[/) r<---- L I ----~ 1<------ L 2 ----->l
I W.S.--" of bonk e" : ~~hv~-hv4) ~
W V~rioble seol--'. !
I ~JR"-
Original ground
(J1 _ '=---:":= ---~ ...." surface "
I "0 W A- -~-i;i
\
f--' ,"-': ,~ , I " --LJ.'.. ,
[\J "
"- Streamlined warp " ~ -":.::\ warp
CD tronsition-----' " '<0, I
.-....
~- ~,
~ SouGre. t.o round J'--:./' , \
~ ~ ' \.~ ~-
[/)
r ·lln!>ltlon,---------
--'-CirCUlo ~ seC~\o\'l
~ r
'd SIphOn borre\
(D
'i PROFILE-TYPICAL SIPHON
[fJ
m
p.
(1J EXAMPLE:
[fJ
DIMENSIONS AND HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES
f--'
"- CANAL END OF INLET AND SQUARE OPENING OF CIRCULAR SIPHON
OJ OUTLET TRANSITIONS CLOSED TRANSITIONS
"- BARREL
OJ Bose Width = 25.0' Size = II.O'x 11.0' Dio.= 11.0'
f--'
~
Side slopes = 11: 1 0=1000 0= 1000
d,= d 2 = 10.00' A=121.00 A= 95.03
Q= 1000 V2 = 8.26, hV 2 = 1.061 V, = 10.52, hv, = 1.721'
A=400.00 r=2.75 r= 2.75
V,=V.=2.50, hv,=hv.=.097 n =.014 n=.013 (Steel form finish or equal)
r = 6.55 S=.00157 s =.00220
00
- n= .014 n= .014
-.I 5=.00005- s=.00255
COMPUTATION OF HEAD LOSSES -~·Coefficient used for computation of head
Inlet Open Transition (Friction) = 45'(L )(.00005+.00157) = .036' loss in open transition should conform
"I 2 ,.. ".with type of transition selected.
Inlet Open Tron sition (Convergence) =-,,~ 1[1.061 (hv 2 ) -.097 (hv,)] = .096' -., .... See Dwg. 106-0- 44.
Inlet Closed Transition (Convergence) = .1 [1.721 (hv,)-1.061(hv 2)]= .066' THIS DRAWING SUPERSEDES OWG 103-0-47
Closed Transitions (Friction) =2X22'(·00'57;.002S5) =.091' , UNITED 'TATES
Circular Barrel (Friction) = 160' x .00220 = .352' DEPAlfTMENT 0 ' THE tNTEIt'Olf
Barrel Bend 11, = 15° £:,:·~~.027 x 1.721 (hv,) = .046' ,UlfEAU D, IfECLA.ATtON
Barrel Bend 11 2 =30° =""·~'·.058 X1.721 (hv,) = .100' DESIGN DATA

Outlet Closed Transition (Divergence) = .2 [1.721(hv,)-1.061( hve)]= .132' HEAD LOSS DETERMINATION
Outlet Open Transition (Divergence) =~(:2 [1.061 (hv 2) -.097 (hv.)] = .193' FOR MONOLITHIC CONCRETE SIPHONS
Outlet Open Transition (Friction) = 60'(L z ) (-0000'2+. 00 '57) ~
OitA "N '!'-IC.:~c _ SU.""TTED.
Totol Loss (Energy Gradient) =1.161' TitACEO._!'-~!"_,.ECD",,,,E~E
Add 10%!' for excess capacity = .116' CHECICEOM.1L __ APPltDVU
Total Head required 7i':2'77 DENVEit. COLO. OCT. 10, " ' 0
103-0-633
Canals iwd Related Structures Chap. 5 Canal Structures
TYPICAL BLOWOFF FOn MONOLITHIC CONCRETE PIPE Fig. 8 Par. 5.51'.
-r 6 "",]
'i;j'J't
, __ -Chl1l1l l1
nCMlr,j",,"
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---"'.'_' ---. _.~:~. .1-
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il-'
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:'il
Pr-ofurwllof tllQ Ll.2.i: ',:, <;7 .~
of~",d'r«fN1
PL.AN SECTJON B-B

COVER AND FRANt" DETAIL
~
• -Grilld off ro"td { 81!fwtl!n hJn!-'1!5 "'j_ -,rz"InSIJlaf'OIl IAsfJhl1lr COqtl!d fJbl!r !-,Iq,s~
111...~ NJ:r-I.,lffi
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i' , --v-" A - -+ ,',,.,..,,,-"'"
l-+~"'V SECTION E-£'
(C(JV£flO1IILT)
NorES
CDtlC,.." di!$.vn- bDs~ Dn tleQ",p"'S$i~t $frtfllJtitrJI-MOll
i~pitrsq_itrQfnt1tlfS.
Bor ..~,t. '-d fv ff"ff Ll1fJl1J1btJrs?4diDm~lIfsplias.
Piau ,..jnflX'ct~nr in Uflftr of sltJb. ..uns ut!lf'r.i~ s/tcfm
m-+--t:-;::,- ,L?~
L'~~. ~:!; , . ~--:I
- -~
" 'ff: ,,~~'!J'
BOrh "",5-,
<:,-':_. .' - ,clef
"~::':':-r"'1f;~ _
- - I
:~_~~:T
t
-=--,"J>'\---'-~- - + ,,,'=~ 'ib. ~
rn,',~_ ~'f'~or:
\<~ '1: ',- k>5JtII!fqCI! >..... ... ~- ~_ ...
,,( ../!II --- " ~ ". -'r~."Htodtd
(lIIc/tQrs r/fItldtd 10 I1tIqIt
'Y;-~ ~_
_ . ,:.
~.. ~"~ro_COII~r J
j
----1----- ,--+
SECTION C-C DETAIL B r'[l1OntJ(1!
(8111~fftt/J/llt .-- r----·- 6"·-----
'._,- -,. , , .-;;;.,,--m---
"',",reQ sr"'es
N_ ' _ THE ",""',0lIl
:. J"-' ,{CMIII ;D";::_ f[',m _ " " .. " WCCl- ......, _
TA..,L E A
"". 4'. ,.!tlilchor SAN JU,.N - (;H. . . . PfIIOJEOT, COI.o.ADC-IfEW MEXICO
"::o!~;;;'
., bloliloff hWps
"",,,,,..,':: • "",'
,,~. .,..]--:t
'I " ' J" Surabl,A
"> -
i..~. __. • '" - ,
LITTLE 050 AND 0$0 SIPHONS
~--;~~~:~: ~"-I'
rD,.roc-~'r.
.~"'~>!.
~
J:J11 DETAIL D IlL.OWOFF
FOR MONOLITHIC CONCIfETE,.,PC
DErA~L A -19' A." rollrJrs DETAIL C
C'.l'" ""ir. _"_<'''J~_~:-':_~_~-:-~::=:~p-~r4~ -
SeCTlDN D-D
--..---iii, ~N~~"'''~'_
46&-0 -301
DS-3-5 -- 12/8/67
]89
Canals 3nu Related Structures Chap. 5 Canal Structures
WATER HOLLOW TUNNEL--ALINEMENT, PROFILE AND SECTIONS Fig. 9 Par. 5.6
EXCAVATION AND CONCRETE

QUANTITIES TO "s" LINE
.;,; {ClIb" IfJrd~ ""r lineor {out}
~I,i·~,C-'",,--,~)
,'/",<,C",'~"'" /k:"" I "... ~'."M~L'".
"OO'L"'f""""""~"'" .~~i~
~ ;~
>, !. "','0'," " :. '" ". "-. \ ~ " HO"IJ~'I/oe-fl· TO """/.U'£
· V ''\' ','",''''' " , ,I !!I ""- -'I- "- U!lsufJfJ~rhti 4.768 1.6!16
~ ~,;I _lSlr'g2~"'" 1\\ !!~ ,\- /? __~~ ~ -"\ ---\-__ I'I1I16,,4ZI !«Jet boJrSfJpporUd ".768 I.lit6
Stut cib ",pporf~d '.181 2.210
- --- ...... --' ) .,•.,,,r ,\, F\ ~- \ ~ ~_ ~ ",_.m Stu}";b (MtJ Ifni' supporhd. , .• ,,, ~.~.:J
HOIr,/!'H{l/!-II"!'D",,"UliE
/ ':'\,,::-_./1 ~( ....~TER MOLLOW TUNNEL ~ Utrwpporr"d ,.,., Z.• 77
Ruciboltsuppflrtld_ ,.,." 2.• 17
S~.I rib wppartld________ 6,fOr J.030
ALtNEMENT Stu/rib ondstTutwpporhd___ 6.2014 J./12
CIRCULA"-1j" TO"A"UNE
U".upporl"fld___ 0.J65 i.lst
Rack 1r>If" wpporhd •. .uS 1.16~
Sh,,1 eib support.d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ •. '53 I.""
CIRCUI.A.-,," ro ""-/.,,., -
Unsupported __ ~___ •. 7'1/ 1.7"
>0"1' RrKkboltslJpptJrt.d_ •. 791 1.7"
ClirCUL.Ir-I.- TO • .... t/N£
"""~!~1 0"'-..,----
'"7'' ' ""'' ' ' ' '.' "'-=T-'~' ,.. StHI rib oupptJf"t#d _
il 11--- 'V->-==
HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES
~ ,EeT/ON A V Q r n SOd
Horsrshot 7).J28.48 620 3.or .a13 .mIll IClW 8.2!0
I/GI/~[51iO[ ruNliEL}-
---------~ jl CirClIlrlr 72./0 B.6D 620).1• • OIJ.OOI2J JO.JJ8.Z9
I / ["/[ULARrU~Ef.
"'oo~-¥ rTu~~rl I~,~rt ) I
:7tlfi.t~'10,]5\)DtU"PUI 5TA5T·':;~~ ,J..o ~- ------.i~.~ - ---,- ,J..o 7 '\ 20~
(l)EJ.7H5.7~
PROFILE ®£'.7'U.55 NOTES
IJnrelntorcedl1J(HleJucfiClnss/KIlfn,for~tDiJsCJfrfinfDrcerJ
Cut and rn.~,. Jt~t;o~
tun~e:j ~tiO~5. sn 1>6-D-121 tJIld -122
'000 0 '000 ..- >000 rJOfsholrn. ConCrtf't tlesilln
bostdotlocomp~JSiWi $tr~llfthof J,oPPfbs.
, ",' '--------l...-.. _ ,
~rsq.inchat2SdoVS
Stoti,msonrJe!nofiOllssholfnOllprofilttrrfrtr-!uinrtr-f,
urlle$lother-",i~sllown
Utah CoorrJinoteSrstt'm,~ntr-ollone.
CD Refers tu tle~ofion for horseshoe ~lInflel
(%lR"f"rs 1o~~votiOllforcjr,ulorhJnnel.
,
REFERENC~ DftAWINGS
=:i::~;:d~ 'NL"r PGfl7Jli... _ •• _ . 66-0-121
"A"Lrne /.1;~~""" ~ttf;~;~~:?j;;r}ifJ)~A1:1~~~·;tiif~~~=_=~E~f5

!/OLET AND Gun.[' POflT.&L .&/;>£ .. 5 56·0_1.~
rYPIC.&L SUPPOlirS I'DR "''''Hili'' 'WirE/) rv''''£l __ 66-0-~

iVa
'.'''M. -.,' ,; OUTleT PO/,,"l AND fur Ao/rD CO'oJ'ER 5E~TjOIVS 6(;·/)-6.7
~"-./L
pi !
·t\[-0
' /
If
,!',U"'.") I
fI, Rrj~f. f\.-~,~1
~\.
\\
~\.(;' (JAllrr:;OST"rEII
Ot;PA"""""lro,,..,e, •.re,,,o,,
", .,,"EAV O~ otlrClA .... TlON
CE/IIr"AJ. /,I7AH PROJECT
INITIAL DIVISION-rIONN£VILL£ /,INIT"-ur"H
STRAWBERRY AQUEDUCT
WATER HOLLOW TUNNEL
AL/NcMENT, PROFILE AND SECTiONS
UNSUPPORTEO ROCK BOLr RIB SUPPORTED RIB AND STRUT UNSUPPOR'f ED ROCK ,fIOLT STEEL R/8 SUPPORTEO
SUPPORTED SUPPORTED SUPPORTED
, 0 •
j , _."~.""'''!!'=:_O"''" .~''''''.D
:::~::;-~.~~~~.--:-.__ :::::::~... - •-J}-:~~~i~;-
HOftS ESHO~ TUNNEL SECTIONS [,.,,1 '...L------I __ . __ . __ . _
CIRCULAR SECTIONS FOR MACHfNE eORED TUNNEL
66-0-120
DS-3·5 - 12(8(67 191

Canals 8.nd Related Structures Chap. 5 Canal Structures
WATER HOLLOW TUl'."NEL,--TYPrCAL SUPPORTS FOR HORSESHOE TUNNEL Fig. 10 Par. 5.6
IJ' A;~~~; P ...

"S"lIne
-"~-_'_'/""M
n' '_
..... '~"'
.... \ '" " Stn! nb-.,~ ~- ~.~.j;B"L,ne
Slee'"b
. <1"0"""''''. -.- .
\ . '\ _here dorecrtd
.,~I ~
\,_-~_ . ~(-~_~-,.t_~~Lr~
"'m, .._•.•__ .~_", .
\-_,".-1" "8earmqplole
"'''M~<,.. .r,"~,""'~
$TRUCT_ STEEL Rill ONLY
ROCK SUPPORT BOLT
STRUCr STEEL Rill
TUNNEL SU~PORT DETAII.S

~ WITH TlM.';/f LAGGING
rAK'NATIlOOFAIICH'
~
~mberbla,.,nq
FiXJt fllal~- ,~ ...... -_"-_=--:.'='~~
HALf SECTION f<lALF SCCT/ON HALl" SCCT/ON HALF SECTION HALF SECTION HALF SfCTlON HAI..F SeCTION SECTION
sr"~UCrURAL ,$reCL Rill STRUCTURIlt. STEEt. RIBS STRUCTURAt. STEf:!. RltlS STRUCTURAL STECl RIBS STRUCnJRAL STEEL RIB5 9TRUCTURAL STEfL RIBS STRUCTURAt. STf"Ct. RIBS ROCK SUPPORT BOL TS
TYP~ 1 Wlnl STRUT tIIlT,. '",VEfifT sntuT TYPE lr 'IIIITH INVERT STRUT AND 'IIIAt.L PLATE AND WALL PLATE TYPE .zz:
TYPE 11 TYPE 4 TYPE JI7 TYPE .m TYPE ::razI
TYPICAL TUNNEL SU~PORT SECTfONS
NOTES
'fj"L,ne La~q,nq mo, ~ f,mbtr Of _tal 45 designated In tn~
Sfiecif,(;oIJ(JIl!lt<lfllll'aflhS
J'OrmIJrt Timber >IIf~ slldl ~ remaved bdore placemenl of
concrete Im'lI<]
Use (JfId removal f!f mml and concre!'t sfI,eoders sllall
I·ft· , ':/:'.- bt<r.lfequire4,nlitfspeC/f.cat,ansPQrDqraphs
Sleelfib :" • '. '. \,; , 1 Far dtfmdlOfl (}f "Il"'me relo/,ye 'af'n/shed ""rf(Jce of
.-Fool plar~. I,nmq, see s(I«Ificolions dra.'I!9s
$~e Delotl It'

r.",.,,:.~,';'\:." . '(.'"' \ .\ . 1
j'[ ~
rllil8£/t FOOT
T
STEEL FOOT
BLOCK SUPPORT BEA., SUPPORT
.,.,j\'~ ' : . OETAII. ...
SNO.'NG HP",," foor SVI'PORTS
TYPICAL P£AKED STRUCTURAl.. STEEL RIB

DETAIl. Z
~
r>I!".",M"N' "'" "nEW'DR
"""".v OFa~,,"'........ nON
c:~N,.,'AL uT"AH ,,"0.1,,(;r
1/liiTlAL DIVISION _ "ONI#EII/LL~ UNIT- UTAH
STRAWBERRY AQUEDUCT
WATER HOLLOW TUNNEL
TYPICAL SUPPORTS FOR HORSESHOE TuNNEl.
"........ !·.,·_"'-_.. ,"-:~!c· __ ""_.Tn" f.!,7~_"O!'-
;::::·~;,·:::::::-:;.J~~:1"24
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
J9J
WATER HOLLOW TUNNEL--TYPICAL SUPPORTS FOR MACHINE-BORED TUNNEL Fig. ·11 Par. 5.6
Timber l"9g,f'lg----'~
"8- Line M
8 " Line--- ---
M
(MIn-fink fabric -·8 Line--

where di~clM -Sleef rib - -
~. Linf'·---
--A- Line ,- - -74" Line- Steel rib -
ROCK SUPPORT BOLT STRUCTURAL ST EEL RIB STRUCTURAL STEEL RIB ONLY STUCTURAL STEEL RIB tI11TH
WITH METAL LAGGING TIMBER LAGGING
TUNNCL SUPPORT DCTAILS
--f_- Anchor derice
Rock supporl
OOlt5---- ·8" Line--
Laggmg nol shown. See
Tunnel Support
rted
ocetOfOceo
\<:,_" ~'~f~ Urelntor NOTCS
._ ,~\ 1'1' Logging may be timber or me/al as deslgnaled in lhe
speclfico/,ons paroqraph5
Timber spreaders shall be rf'mDved before placement
"8" Line of concrtfe lining_
Use and removal of melaf or concrete spreaders
shan be as required In the specifica/ions paragraphs.
8' For loco/ion of :A' fine relolire fa finished surfoce
Pin -'
of Iming, see specifieo/ions drawings
/IIt.-Tlmber bloclcing
Use of half CIrcle nbs limited to locations where
'I,
adequate pin anchorage can be obtained.
'lfr-~~7.( Unrein forced
~J4 Rem forceo~~~"_~, __.~'-'~,~,."",.~,~,,~,~,~,,~"~,~,~o~8_"~",~'H~.""NO~'~' •..
~,,~ ---<
D - <Jolt. FOR RI8 S/JPPOfiTED SECTION
UfVlTED srIJrES
DEPAHTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
HALF CIRCLE FULL CIRCLE 8UFlE,AU or: RECLAMATION
ROCK SUPPORT BOLTS STRUCTURAL STEEL RIBS CENTItAL uTAH PROJECT

INITIAL DIVISION - BONNEvtLLE UNIT- UTAH
TYPE ..DJl
STRAWBERRY AQUEDUCT
WATCR HOLLOW TUNNCL
TYPICAL TUNNCL SUPPORT SCCTIONS TYPICAL SUPPORTS FOR MACHINC BORED TUNNEL
" .. A...... _~~.""-_~_",-:J·L·_ .. u ... 'TT.,Q t..;'£l~._:~
::;:::~ r;:gfF~,:::::::o'~~.~J;~.
OC"VC", eOLO"AOO, "'Af .3, '''fI~ 66- 0- 258
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 195

Canals and Related Structures Chap. 5 Canal Structures /
RIVER MOUNTAINS TUNNEL--ALINEMENT, PROFILE, AND SECTIONS Fig. 12 Par. 5.6
:,(
;' r! '. i
..... '-
AL/NEMENT
-I
•• 0 0 .00 "'0 2000
, ,
\-l-----+----.Ii -+------1
'\--c~-------I----.i"
::'I~~--;'---
7=~-~~~===========""""N I
,~o+oo ~+oo 310+00 "J+oo "11t~~OO
PROFlL.E
rR"C.bOIl5~"rsho""
G~o"t PIP~' Q~ h(}~S
~"- / a5a·~tOt"
EXCAVATrON AND CONCRETE QUANTITIES TO THE -a"LINE
rC"blc y"r"sDtr rmt"~ foalJ NOTES
M
Sto~I(MS and ,I,rt/riO/ls rfftr ta ifl~tr' ",,"U "fur..I,.
,. -7T~{:;;:}"\ I-~~EL S£CT~ON t·," "toll shown.
ConeI'm drsi9n baud 0"" comPl'rlSI~' "~'h IIf J.OOCl tb,.
v \ nc... v.nCWCOIolC'IfJ "r rq.ilfCh ot
2' ""Y'
'\. \ uns" f!!l!t~j_o~roaboIt5<Jf!(l(Jr'hd of.., I.U U:~;;;"'I':::~ Forihloilaflypicollunn,lsupwrs,S"'$2-D-I'.
51ul rtb s"ppor'~d~c'.~!_ 112ft !.~J'
For t"nn,/storWnmork,rdttai/S,setUt-P-tf.
~\;~' \ F4t /lIcD~,,)n Df diswsg/ gf'NI gnd nfM",f-lfOys I"or ""ns
5t~~1 rill on"Slr"tl~pp"rtH 1.3"
roa"I,u'9!Z-3U-HlandU2-3Z'-3".
*t~ 12" W;'~r. 2-lllpr r.mfor~m.nt is r~~irH, Itt "2-0-/8
I p
l' \I
"s';) ·1 ....." 'nIlnl SAfETY
J'5;;4.. /~'B" L.M
./ < or".,,'••,,'
'",,'rllD" S'"'I'''
TI•• ''''I''IID''
_I'"U ""'''.C~A'''''''''
HYDRAULJC PROF£RTJ£S .OUTHI'''~ .... ,.V... DA WAT,." ~ftO.Jn;T- _VAOA
o "., ~'~:: '~. ;// -'lC' 'ON A II Q r ~ J
L• •.J............L I RIVER MOUNTAINS TUNNEL
5C.L[ O' 'HT IIO'O{o--Cirr"'/l~ . 77. rtiUl HJO US .01J (I00!1f
--r---'---/ ALINE"'ENT, PROFILE AND SECTIONS
'OR SCHEDUL~ Na,'
VN5UP1'ORTCO ROC/( BOLT SU""ORT!D RIB SUPPORTED Rlf' ANa STRUT
_ .... n ...n __
Ct-!.la_'5 ·~. __ H
SUPPORTfD
TUNNEL SECTIONS
~".'•• ""'';''·~L--·~~''''''¥M.--
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
197
Ca:lc~l;-::, ::u:d l<elatei S"':YJct..:..res Chap. 5 Canal Structures
SIVER MOUN,AlES TUNNEL--SECTlONS AND DETAILS FOR CIRCULAR TUNNELS Fig. 13 Par. 5.6
\.J. AIlC/lOrde..u, "
-~.- --, -,'--f,."Bc:~I,nkfO~I( F"'~"~

f--- ;/' ...
5'''''._~C'-,-, - ,)-<'B'"m,
. --,
\ -
,~- -"1 ~'td"t[/Pd
"~
"u"',,,,--·--.......::, ," - '1M1tJI/"99"'ll "",,6---..-
~
--<-~ ",~ '~''''''-
,,~.,
''
' ' ' '._. , .:, TUflbtr town/
~
\\ ::;,:~~~:~"\"'
snwcru/UL STEEL "-"~ .,..
...
~~"'UCTIIRAL S ' ,'" -Sftt! 'Ib RIS ONLY
ROCf( SUPI'ORT .OLT H METAL LA~~~~(JR,e STRUCTURAL STEEL ,11'18
IlIITH TIM.ER LAGGING
~ TUNNEL 5: UPPOR T DETAILS
.-·B"LI!If TJr::::,:~""9'i'+-'_' ~r~.:;'J~;:_, .~ . .'T'1fINt'~11"9
B"/2':¢~:',t'>i~ ~
--·--TrlX,of5Uppl)rf .• ee(kf~1 ... '

o! JIJOPOd,ltt Dtfo'! ...
-·'f'OuI1fSiJP9(lr',letDefoll w-
HA(, SECTION HA(F SECTiON SECTION HALl" SECTION HALF SECTION HALl" SecTION HALF secTION HALF SECTION HALF SECTION ROCK SU~POIIT IJCIL T$
STRUCTu.crAl STEEL /11ISS STRUCTURAL STEEL Rles STRucrURAL STEEL RIM 5TlfUCTUlfAL ST£EL"" ST~TURAL STEel. RllItJ srRUCTv.crAL srEEt. RIBS STRtJeTVRAL STEEL R~ ST/W,lCTURAL STUL R18$ sr/fUCTUifAL STEEL RIBS TY,.£%
TY~E I WITH IN'tERT STfwr rYPE~ TYPE .Dr IMITH INVERT STP.fJT T"~£ .% WITH INVERT STRUT AND WAU. "LATE AND It'AL( P(ATE
TYPE .It T.,,.£ ZJC TY,.£ .l!r TYPE .IZr TY~E :JlIIr
NOTES
TY"'CAL TUNNEl. SUPPORT SECTIONS LOrIQl"'} maytltf,"'" ~""Offn ltII5lgf1Offtl'" fM 5P«1'~itJnr
T"flberspr«J4.,.SS!loIlNrrtrrOndNr '()/CDIICf'ltf
""""""
""'' 9-
USearnir-efllOnlllf"'tlolO"llconcrtft~s~bIIOJ
requ,r-tdifl1tlfso«ifJCglirJmPQrofJlWlhs
F",;~r;~;~:~n:t.;1:2~el~I:;t III finisMd surfoce of hMlg.5H

Slpt'r,D ,:,~
"",,,.i~\' \ ' rY"'CAl5UPf'C'fTS$/<OW/IIONTHISOflAII,/lllJTOS£U5EDIJNDEff
5C/'IEDUlENo.J
\\>
L'
"".. ..'
,\.:._. 'B'L,~t
.t"", ."
r'erad5 .- \' ':'-('\
; ~: .; ~)!."\
'~.
~·~·:m.
r'~ce o( s~~pr"., : .:" T,t,ods'" ~' "
,,,,,,, ~,,' III..IIIlWS lUlll. SAfETV
5U Dtta,~,~:ori. . ~ ......,.,.3;.>< ' TYPICAL PEAKED STRUCTURAL STEEL RIB
'" 0.'." ~~.,'~< ',- :~; on'A"''''E"r rn 'NC ,,.rc~,o,.
"URCA~ ~, ,"ULA", .. r,,,,,
J'ormore
FOOflJlarr
RI VER MOUNTAfNS TUNNEL
TI'PICAL TUNNEL SUP~ORTS
DETAIL y 1 DETAIL Z S€CTIONS AND DETAILS FOR
[1j T CIRCULAR TUNNELS
I.<""::<~-•. -",-
DETAIL W
SNc!"""';"">C"l '00' _~Qlfr5
:::::.~=i±:'::~L:::~':':::;:·:,:~/Ji;t;tf~ 9~2-D-19
DS-3-;-) - 12/8/(;7 199

C~H.31G 3-nli RelatcJ Strudl;re::.; Chap. 5 Canal Structures
TUNNEl, ::0. :J-A POHTAL AREAS, MAIN CANAL, NAVAJO INDIAN IRRIGATION PROJECT--GENERAL PLAN f,ND PROFILE Fig. 14 Par. 5.7
-e-> ~ ,.,~CC-:_'_C'''c
• Or'9lnol grOlJnd surlQce
~- .i - ----- ----7- ____
~J>-~~~~_~-,."~."-/ •. -.•'
k/+---
)'\~ ( ('_,/. .5.~ :/). '~~'-~ II I InOllerburden
IJlnlnlJlJrotet1
. '. ../." 1 i materro/---- -- -- '
;<," \ I ····· .. 1 ' . ' y
1
~ _-=-~ '. ~--r ~r
J '" )_~-~'\\-c~. ,:.T ~~,O'~
..' f'-, SECTION
6 .Jcl_1/~-T'// _/A'~
~/~-<'~:/::."~
! Or ,ginol grOllnd ~ur(o,e
'~~'
'i,1nOrllrbvrden-
SECTION B~8
GENERAL PLANS
~ ~ S~~l[:' f:' ~,o .0

NOTES
on Pion
£JCa~iJl,on c~rch lines and oreot lines shown
mude uS
~re ~pprOllmote only, Adjustment mllY /Ie
reqUired by formo/u!n thlCkneH Qnd slopes required
to obrOln stable bod slapt5 In,he ~aryong moferials
@Refersto£lforlforses!Joetunnel.
@RefersrofiforCJrCIl{OrIUnnel.
REFERENCE DRAWINGS
,--Ocop'nol ground Hrfaa IOUNE,.UiT AND PRr;)f1(~
_ . Or'9InaI9rOundllJrfoce TYP".I,SCCTl""5._. 809-0-'9.
1 _ TUN .. t:~ HQ.3A/11DU-SFC-'-'lJOISANODl'r"'LS • __ ~9-D_lfI"
~ OPClfTRANSITIONS_ •• BQ9'D-tf>*
-------- ---Iii :t __ ::~_ CLOSEOTRANsrr'ONS__ 809-0-20S
~:~
t ',:,,- fIj ~ lMl"K SAfETV

Dc"~R".E"r OF Tn" 'NTC"''''''
l~-~--'===---' ":0BtI
.-- - ---:1~! 'f"""" ~
1 .. ~ ----'.--- _ i , ~ ~ L,,~, ..... "E~" 'H "~CL~ ..... r'ON
NAV"JO 'NO'''''' '/'IflH,Ano,. ""O..,Cr::T-It/CI1/f ItlCJtICO
~ ---=---_~005~-. _~~--~ ,:~~~ MAIN CANAL-STA. rl1!~!Jo TO STA. I01!S~OO

CD (I
'921. .,O~
TUNNEL No. 3A - PORTAL AREAS
:'~'5¥'I~LiJl~~~, =~-=] ®tIS9i'1_J2; .J Closed
'~0f1.'i92.'i-j7
GENERAL PLAN AND PROFILE
Cloled ::----'!!!n_~o:~e..d __ . Re~ n:o!ced _"",",, ~n trl1nsit'(JII·~ '"T"-- Concrele lined oon(/I----4--:>-
-'-1- Cor.rret~ lined conol_ -,...,.... Open t~ar.s't'on
-- I,ollsdlon , tunnel tunnel transd,Qij
_.---m---.-
'"
;••:.~ .w","' -----~••l o . - -Hhgg' '~g~'~i:~--
INLET PROFiLE OUTLET PROFILE
809-0-203
DS-3-;o - 'i.2/8/6'7 201

tJ ~J
'
'{' g
'(
C"
, ~
d..
""en
LI __ ~
h U x ""C' hJ
"' --h'\
'tj'-~Q~-
"-
hf
"-
CO'
-'l ;_ ' . >. I
S
--------~-~ '-r- -+
lUJjJ,i.,
{i I, I
\ '
, ~
Q
t-- 'I-
"~
~ 1\ I'i
---
A.------
~"I
I
e • ~ 0 L c::.
-~~--- O~ i
I ; (=;;);.', 'r .~----'-

~.L.
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Car.cds he>:,ed Structures C~ap. C anal Structures
'fC?SESHm< GliP.V:TY TlJNNELS (CONCRETE llNED)--CAPACITY CURVES Fig. 16 Par. 5.9
. ,'" "",,,~IT''migr:: '" HORSESHOE GRAVITY TUNNELS ~[;_ NOTE: I:, T;I·' 10"1
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be :••, ',:.:,:, "cl":;' 't" "I", ,:o;t,,: ,.: ":0
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~ CAP~~9~y IN CFS 121°00
DS-2-o -
. 103-0-637
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Cana~s ct:Jd ~~clatcd S:ructures Chap. 5 Canal Structures
CEECK NO.5, SAN LUIS CANAL--PLAN AND SECTIONS Fig. 17 Par. 5.14A
in:"" jrafllrlla~ ,...... ----- - Gor~ Bay Sedion-- ----·Oullrr iron:;illon-

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Tar Ge"ero! Note5,Rtf~~"reDea'¥I/I/}5a"d SAN LUIS CANAL
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CHECK No.'
PLAN ANO SECTION
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DS-2-~j -
207
Canals and Related Struct.ures Chap" 5 Canal Structures
WAHLUKE BRANCH CANAL STATION 1356 + 25--CHECK Fig. 18 Par. 5. 14A
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, ""'1",o'->-t-<---- ·---20'-0'·--- ~i'~1'4'-e- g'-IO;" ---lIf--- -20'-0' - --"':-~--+,o~i-- '[~ft"d O//"ff~rtiC:QllftN' COllcnte. ____ lJ'Cu.rdS.
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(hamft~ 1111 ~Ipa~d ed~s of co"<r~t. UI'I1t'S ofatrwis. s/lown
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Plau.nfirt stru<fur. 011 a foulJdafiolJof ulldisfurbtd .arthl)(' COlUM!lII,1 BASIN PROJeCT - WASH'N6TON
fhot"OU9frll comP«t~rJ fill, WAHLUK£' BRANCH CANAL-STA, f3!S6"25
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DS-3-G - 12/8/6'1 "09

Canals and Related Stru~tures Chap. 5 Canal Structures
CHECKS--TYPE 10 A G Fig. 19 Par. 5.14B
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80,.,.}-_
R"",'''''''".'~'''''' :'.,.""'" lI'AHLUKE BRANCH CANAL LATERALS - 8LOGIC e
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SECTION A-A TYPE 10 AG
".: ..... -----,....:.. -.-c_/z'-Z'}-·----:
GATE FRAME: GUIDe DETAILS

IZ_CIJu,q£QI
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
211
CHECKS--TYPE 13 A G Fig. 20 Par. 5.14B
Br
F'-=F TABLe OF L,OCATION$ AND ELEVATKJNS
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PLAN 0' PRECAST CONCR~TE DECK
il-' Icpcl{t(Jn/l
~,~ PIpe HANDRAIL POST CONNECTfON DETAILS
,:
i ((]tlfrolWS'··
... RCFERENCE DRAWINGS

~ -
..... - ~'.
'''''CA' PH01H"O" O(rAI,-, ~;:~-I)-U2"
N"'~"
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.. -,,-,,~ ' ,--...." . ..:.
K"I'HLUKE BRANCH CANAl.. LATERALS -BLOC" 2'
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. L~ '.Ii I) , i • . 6J 7/'JI5" 9" a- fi7,' 9.l )100
4!~ . r J .~- ~ . ~ ~f 8"':~ -!:~6-017~ i l~(+
seCTION A-A • II'~~" 90f~ '.. II> 'l/r<ifi~J t.~lqM"
° "iJr "'01 loti•. 0 901. ,,'f~ ~rrl
IJrNlrr a .. ",ltJf)1r ~e.~M lftJII bt ~,,':J
GATE FRAME GUIDE DETAILS
222-0-22196
DS-3-o - 12/8/67 213

C:l:lJ..ls and j\cbtecl StrU::lUY'es Ch1p. ~ C:iY121 Struclures
~.;' OP .r' L/.I.Nl< C;~()()V.l:~:;--ST ANUAHD DESICNS Fig. 21 Par. 5.14C
Headed anchors welded to

angle; for dio. and length,
-~ C~- see toble.-, ,
I \
I
r-- I
, I
: /
~,,
,
"
I'
"
1.<-----8 ----~ ,
Longer leg of ongle·
STOP PLANK DIMENSIONS ANGLE WEIGHT

ANCHOR
THICKNESS A B C FOR GROOVE PER FT.
I"
2" 2~" 3" /z 2~ x2 x 4 3.62 ·F Oia x 4"
3" 4" J"
3" .3x2~x'lr6 5.60 f' Dio.)( 5"
4" 3" 5"
'--
J~" 3x2~x~, 5.60 ·f Oia .• 5"
6" 4" 1" I" 4- x 3X,% 8.50 l·rOia.• 5"
I"
8" 5" 9" /"/
. 5x 31 x ,% 10.4-0 tilDia.x 61
THIS DRAWING SUPERSEDES DWG. 4-0~D-29.5.

UNITED STATES
STANDARD DESIGNS
r;::- STOP PLANK GROOVES
oo
.;. DRAWN _£:A:.~~ __ SUSMITTED_ -'-~ ..... _
! TRACEO_~"!"f.:~,- RECOMMENDED 7~ _-."---'

C14ECKEOM_ - AP"R~~E.r~l"f1i!:rIl,
II:
"'" DE~VER.COL.O" 10-28-53 I 40-0- 5326
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
215
ANGLE LINER
···· .. ··-.--L
CD t~--j'.• ~'. [qual $Poces- ,.

~l---t CIJ
j' mOK
ANGL.E L.JNER SECTfON I-I

rYPE ",,'
Htodtdonc~OfSwtldtd
rR
BEAN LINER
'O.
fa (}r7f1I~ FOf dio, and
<> lenglflSttfo/)It
I-, "\ .
I • '" IZ
---- [qual $POC~S - , - j' mOK- ~::2
uI
-<J. ...jJl!(Jms of rite some nomJnul S'll! and flov'flg tqual af
slrghOy,rPl/11f weigH may bt s:JbsllluterJ (orl~t
SECTION I-I wide (lang. btoms s1l0lfn ,n lilt fable
ANGLE LINER
Ty,.t ",.
....,' H,oded oflchofS wtlded 10

beam. For di/J, and It"9111
see 10ble.'··
==i; mm~
mm
-------
A\~-_]_p'_i
DRAWrNG SUPERSEDCS D....6, 4O-D-5295
tF=["=" -,. '=-

""'='j!==' m"
o IlUIIllYl nllnlt SAfETV
Cj:V o~".,.r .. r- .. r
..,"1:..
STRUCTURAL STCn LINCRS

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SEaTION ,J-3
SEAM L.INER
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Car.81s 3nd Rcl2ted Structu:c'cS Chap. 5 Canal Structures
TYPICP.L l,ECTP.NGUl.AR CffiJTES P.ND RECTANGULAR INCLJNED DROPS Fig. 24 Par. 5.17
'II,--------~
PLAN
.I--Upstream !nu919radient inpanl
~
- r--------T
---f~ Spreodingtrans,',an---
~~ .
i Ln_ "n-j~--------::J
;! . .
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k-
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- Cllutr CIlOM~I-
:- -Ii-hi ~ e, ,
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LONGITUDINAL SECTION :"--'---'---L p --- ~··--Lo------"'1
...... ·-_-------Stillin9paal--~ ~1rOaunt~rt1iaii-..:

RECTANGULAR CHUTE
FOR h, <: 20' FOR 11, $ 20' EXPLANATION

do---Normalwaler dep1h ineanalllp,fream
SHAPE OF TYPICAL POOL FLOOR SLOCKS h~a Veloei1y head - ~.112~. for conal up,tream
d, Camputed depth a1beginningofhydraullCJump
hvT V,loeify hnd atbe9inningQfhydrauliejump
dr .Depth atend ofhydrau'icjump,
hvl Velncity head at end of hydraulic jump
db_ •.• Narmal woter depth in canol or c~onnel downstream
hVb_._Velo~ily head far conal orehonnel dOllDs1reom
1=- df
h,
MoJimum compuhd lIahr dep1hsin chuhehonnel
.Height of chute bloch. u~\lally ~.f equal 10 d l
h~ Height of floor block' in pool.u~uolly set equol to '/4d,
for d, from o'to 8\ then lor, uniformly from t/.d~to'l.d~
for ~aluuof d, from s'ta 2,.'; '/.d, for d~gre\lterthon 24',
lIIinimum tI~ equals 8: [ Approximot" Fi9.19, HycL-l99.l
W, _ ._Width and spocing of chute and pool floorblocks;us\lol11
selequol lod,wlth (minimum
v LI&Lc __ Inlet and outlet lengths as del ermined by local condi1iom
-~---~I ond hydraulic reqUiremen1s
Lp _L~ngt~ ofstillingpool os d~l~rm,ned by proposed use ond
h~draull( requirements
Upstream !n~~g~ ~r~d~!~~

700--
~I·_.,;'''.
•. -, . . . Fba··Freeboordotinlettrons'tion
Fb p Freeboardinst,i1ingpooJ.{Seecllne.l
." Fb c _ Fr!eboordlOchute
Fb o __ Freebaardotoulle11ronsition
F Energy 1055 in hydroulic jump
__ Downstream enHgy gradlen! Ei A •. EIH0110n of stiliing ~ool invert
-l.
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ll~~~=PS,
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f'+~T
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1-.-._._ . ...;..,._.O\ltle1 .,.;
\:~"i F;4~;,,,;:,,,, tronSltlon CURVE FOR FREEBOARD IN STILLING POOL
lONGITlJDINAL SECTION
RECTANGULAR INCLINED DROP
TYPICAL RECTANGULAR CHUTES AND RECTANGULAR INCLINED DROPS

103-0-642
DS-3-f; - 1~!D!6';'
219
Canals ;:u;d Helatcd Strudure:::, Chap. 5 Canal Structures
PARSHALL FLUME AND CHUTE--ELTOPIA BRANCH CANAL Fig. 25 Par. 5.17
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PART PLAN OF CHUT£ SCCTION J-J /fEr_

m
- Saf~ty I?lICmq n(J1 s,.,.."
Stt Chu~ DatrJ
for rrtlltS~ frI'"f·- ---" ESTIMATED ~
COllCret~ _ __160Cu,rdS
, ,0 Reiltfl.lfc_"t s/w/ __ _Jl,oool.M
S£CTiON H-H
:k ,::r .t .J NOTES
-----r '~r-- L:~+-- A U"It!S$ ol/lflrwlte shc"",pltxe reinfarcetMM so IlIDt th.cl«lr
,t ti, ~ttl/tce b.h/um fiK' I)f CI)Il,rete ond /turut r.i/tfo~'
is tf'for -, bfJf'S and Jf$S,rmd z"for -. bors olld "..".r;
~:: :; . . e.c.ptprflmhacf.tIf"di5t_f~frrceafcf1/!c"'''fI/«lId
-~~ flfJQmst fIVrltIor rtlCl of t""herr slflb fhickMn is" or
·Sn D~"'J1 B J~:;:~~~r_-_--_·->0r:: ... !4@~" It!S5,and J".hflf, Ihlf.:tneu IS9l'1mc ttItxI,~
~~L~ '~"'..JO Lapall/lors 2:4dlfl_kr-sa'splicn,,,nl'$Sof~rviUshoIfII
'------------- CrJnCrrtr drt'$ilJ(I IXlStd on 0 comprrssi" 5fr'tf1IJ1h of J.oooills.
~rsql1flrr indIflflBdays
Va..,.. tIIl~t",S5 of etJflCrefe ,mdor"'ly /lef_ "-_nsOls JlImwn
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Pfar• • /t1irr,frur;tuf'lonflftwr>dfltl()/tOfundi$lurD.detJ"th
r:::-l:~r:rOjl~1s --- ,-' ~8-:":""8·~ f)f' thDroulJhly ~Ompt1CtN fili
C~tJO"'f 'ltitll /' PrTJ¥idr cush/Olt 1,"Min) of c()f1lpm;1rt/ fillt!f~lrcttdmt#ef'iol
seol"";CU'IIlOlI'Id,-' /;IS dllwr;ktJ ~ "fld frurdtlfion is encountvrd_
DETAIL A Dr~ . . assu",.dtabrlllar:crJrtll#itlllJ_S_BR."ll'atlr

(De'orJ B simllur) lMInln/lllnt 101_1: roc Pur-sftllil flum.s ( _ Tab" In
Ro1ino5r,ouldH~to"""ytflblt
For d#fI;lsMsllfetyffm:ing,see 221-D-10'J47
Cutoff drt>tllS sho.... apply to com"""" ffJutrdGtJflIt _,.,.irJl; if
,,-rf--
~:::-;::C.::u'~' Nw ,lIt"" s/loll ~ .'1«/ fi." INt. iltf(J rod
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Rpi/tfo",~1 }'.=.o~
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SECTION G-G
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JoiltflJrrfl,ls SECTION ~.FIJ'Pts- .. ' '--_U.';::lwlf dh"9'" -~4@7 o IIUIIAYS TIIlnK SAF£TV
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COLUMBIA BASIN ,,/fO./ECT-IIIJA5HINOTOIf
defflliJ,Sl"t40-C-lI. _ fIfOI/o! fllJlrtt~:· : : ELTOPIA 8RANCH C"/lLoIL-9LOCK 17
5etMf'01JOlfl1 .- ::...
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PARSHALL FLVM£,CHUT£,AND STll,.UNG POOL
, . ',~.
~IDJ;"'"
PARSHALL FLU/IIE AND CHUTE
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SECTiON S·S seCTION c-c fIoorlJrlfOlI ."...-~'~:,';':~';."~ 'o~~" ,..
S£CTJON £-£ SECTJON ,n, 222 - 0 -20934
DS-3-G - 12/8/67 221

Canals and Related Str'J.c,:ures Chap. 5 Canal Structures
STILl1NG PCOL--ELTOPlA BRANCH CANAL Fig. 26 Par. 5.17
(~':':=_J~A~
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SECTION BB ::/.,"!'f:t,":,1:;:SECTION"" C-C .
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
223
Cana~s and Related Structures Chap. 5 Canal Structures
RADIAL GATE CHECK DROP--MOHAWK CANAL Fig. 27 Par. 5,18
/-j'Eac/'r (aCI-, Bj -,0 _ .,H

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;-----5101828'2800 Sfo 1829 ~8508
PLA N ~·ti·(il12·
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'd" J I .. -J"Copper noOt:; fiNZ' SEC. K-K
COUl/lerSmkr
SECTION U-U
ikcd~:.;r
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F ESTIMATED QVANTITIES
, 6'Fdiets-'~:: -df'elz' Concrefe '" slrvelur,. _ . ~8 Cu. Yds
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·;·@Ip··.. ~ '-Splrceocross{ Dtifl,c/reil1fOrctlll8fll orourtdgroulp(Xk,lsonrJrlCIsses
r ./ 8'..>: I :; "" FrlletmIJlbeeJtendH
~infosSllownms«.8-"8',~ ~Fordftoi/sofgrOtlfpot~'IS fr- ~ SEC. E-E SECTiON F-F w/tBrert!quired
'-Wrt15!i1l0Jf1lm5«C-C onrJOOfioorbollillstoilotrO/l, .'fL289.n· - 1'5',0001612 , /foW5/rfrJ.-- Chom(erollelfJ(JSldrOrnersJ:unless other ..iHshOIl"II
R,mftHsMlfnmSecF-F- SIff'Dwg,50-D-i'/jO~i'@rz:':' ~~~=~-~~ '1..... ~ i._'" ~ Pipe 000 OI1gle roilJlIg Instal/copperfloi/s ,/lcolI,rlleloslpl/JC,rJ
notsMwn AllreinforciJmettfsholl bttplocfJdsothof/lIecsntlrs (Jfbe'"
,'#"@12'8ofIrIOllYS ,n t/'re OIlier IOler Jlill bll Z"from fOCfI of COllcreteJ ulIl,.
\.,,_._. '-~ ~
,Pai"lrollloc/,wrfrJClS ofh,rrriHS/rQWn
''5J12"Bond /lorll " rrdhsl1OlIng,ompound
Lop o!l/lors34 rJiomef,rB of splicr5,unJ,ssofll,rllistl sll6lr11
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per SQ. in
Jlt::;,~'", '~'5I'P pr", a",,,,
," SECTION A-A 3'CopperllrJI!s ~IZ'
COlinfiJrs,nk ~:'
/J"coppernoils(iJ':/" ,,'[losliCrilliJr
,.,.j"(i;lIZ'SOnd/'rOril ," ,. Cou()fer;m~ ,"- '..,' •
bOrsrnfQslob
Lc.~ -20'~
!'{~~~I~StIC fil~r
'£"""'''.'-,,'>'' .~
SEC. L·L.
OEPARrlME",rOr THe "'TER,OR
s:;:s 7 "flREA., ()~ ""~'i.""AfJO"
1 f: . .
/~15~ '-J'
... .~'r:~':·' .@"-"Zi'BM'""
I'~ji~,'~~~~'~J~,,~"ii::
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SEC. R-R [:
r-"o" ;• j'-' GILA p"O.J~cr-ARIZOMA
It"ELLTON-/lilC/HAIIIII< ON/SION
"r, ,'''',"," ,p' ~ ";:,;;; ':';":" :;': !f'.',"'J."", ''''.Y. (JOllombeli MOHAWK CAII/AL~STA.1826~28.00
of one nor v , I
t:J... - ---j-III/2" SECTION p-p RADIAL GATE CHECK DRDP
,
<~:-~>~~ ~lf::
h',,-.~ .~
DETAIL A SECTION J-J SECTION Q-Q . 6"R.,bber wafers,op-
~1/~~\I-~"SPlr~'ocross{
I~~ ,.... "',-.'" ....".."".J(rcL,
SCALE OFFEff ELEV. M-M
SECTION N-N C""c."uL¥"6.tl.t'!I- __
rNORMAi,)
50-0-2811
DS-3-b - 12/8/57 (Supersedes 1/6/61) 225

FicJ. :~(3 Per. ;,. 1811
,,~Max tai/wafer surface

,
y
!
.1
=.
:. ~, . 8 :
i--< -.: -.:- --.-:- .---. L-.--~<~.~~-->-i .d
STILLING POOL DIMENSIONS FOR VERTICAL DROPS
103-0-641
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

227
PIPE DROPS TYPES 1 AND 2 Fig. 29 Par. 5.19
,,
g,
.
~'
T~p 01 b~n~ ~ r
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NW~S~I
r
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;;;' -ropat hallK
, ';:;:> NW.S
,,,,,"",",,,,,,, ==or=- 0
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PROFIL E: PIPE DROP

TYPE: I
""~<~~~ ,.'~,::),<
~', '~ ~ ~m~,:C",/, ..~ '__""'~,~." ..
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I
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PROFILE 8AFFLED OUTLET PIPE DROP BotlltOOutltllrptl tar6ctsondieH

Boftledou/ltl Type2tar6 tOi2ds
TYPE 2 Baftledaulie i Type3 for l2to21cti
Ball!edau/lfl Typf4 lor2110J6of,
Ba'fltd oo/ltl TYPf 5 tarJ8!a59cls
Bol/!ed a~tlfl Type 0; for 59 1085 (f l
UN'U!> ""ft,
1J111/ltdoulleITypellorf!5Io115,fs DCPA",,,,cr,, O~ n,c ,,,,rCR'OI!
BQ/II~d ou/ltl Typf 8 lor 115 10 15/ c t l BU"CA",,.'''''.A'''AflON
fJO/f/fdauf/eITollf9/orI51Io/9!Cfl
fJ~ fllrd ~u rift Type 10 lor 191 la 236, r s
PIPE DROPS TYPE I AND 2
.o..,,,",J>'!~
U1Jq_,.~~.0{>v~", 'c'w ',• • • • ,;._.;.;.- _.-.-.; • • •-.
",~",... ~."o~o"'''O<>. I 103-0.635
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61) 229

Canals ;u:d Related Structures Chap. 5 Canal Structures
BAFFLED APRON DROPS--SADDLE MOUNTAlli WASTEWAY Fig. 30 Par. 5.24
.....~ '"'IE <

~ "
,.'!.@,11·
-~ 1 ti
.~~~4;,i~ ·d: ". -~@Io·£kndinhl.,all
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.,
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(TWtlIl. SECTION G-G
Z8'~ forth IraMdr(ln----·" ""'"1

SECTION C-C
---'J:J'
,-,,'Riprap on ~'Jand and 9ro..,,1 b'dd"'IJ'~
22"0"
Jran~.ba"'/""trfO(t-~·
.,@,' NOTES
"I"" For fltRtral /f(}fu and minimllm rtq"ir,m,Ms for #,tcillnfl
Entlolrunar, bafSQf
!>alf 'I/alllltl~M
- r,iMorc,m,,,t.5II" Uj-D-700.
Vary1hich't5s afconCrtftiRlifOl"!Iliybtt.tttrdllMtlSKHrSsl'toIm.
P/IJctMlirt slruclur~atllJraUllda"OllaflJndisturlJtdtlJrtllor
SECTION A-A tllorougM! compacltd '111
\,a"R,prap Dn,"wnd SECTION 0-0
Mdgra.tlbtdd'"9
BAFFLE APRO!'!.-.!!ROP DATA
JI"9D s",' I /0 1_2~"

/i9"i1o- ....-n ...,,,,; SAFETY
19H1J
~o D~f'A"T.~"T OF T"~ 'ttTC1rI01r
~IO .U....-All0,. "CCLAMIU'/ON
~60+ID
"3Oi+io SADDLE MOUNTAIN WASTEWAY

i£'2-t"60 $TA" 611 -t-- 42 TO $TA. 5.0 ~OO (CND)
~
BAFFL ED APRON DROPS
~T,o
Efl,nDCuloffltorilOnfatly
'1'+60 or.,rt'cafly.,tll ._......e ..
~IO- unrt;,·forc~d co~cr~tt ~.- .~.:
'1~~:r-zl'-
508+(10 63S,U as ~,rtcftd -- - ~4-0_ .. SECTfOA E-E :~-::;;::.:~'~'.:'~= =;::it:A::tt;:~~- =
~'~1fJO 6Z18; -. Lonqlt. (rom flocr- -,' ~~N~U"~"L_'O" •••.•" •••• I 222 ';'D~--2'i87B
DS-3-5 - ] 2/8/67 231

Canals and Related Structures Chap. 6 Water Measurement Structures
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph
6. 1 Introduction
6.2 Constant-head Orifice
6. 2A Hydraulics
6. 2B Dimensions
6. 3 Open Flowmeters
6. 4 Line Meters
6. 5 Parshall Flumes
6. 5A Dimensions
6.6 Weirs
6.6A Division Box and Adjustable Weir
6. 6B Weir Box
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
233
Chap. 6 Water Measurement Structures Canals and Related Structures
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Constant Head Orifice Turnouts--
Type 4A 6. 2 222-D-22184
2 Dimensions of a Constant-Head
Orifice 6. 2A 103-D-644
3 Turnout with Open Flowmeter--
East Bench Canal and Laterals 6. 3 699-D-lOO
4 Parshall Flume--Florida Farmers
Ditch, Station 12+22.33 6. 5A 519-D-102
5 Modified Parshall Flume and Drop--
Florida Canal Enlargement,
Station 5+90.5 6. 5A 519-D-111
6 Pipe Division Boxes--Types 7 A and 8A 6.6A 222-D-22200
7 Division Boxes--Types 5A and 6A 6.6A 222-D-22199
8 Adjustable Weir--2- and 3-Foot Widths 6.6A 222-D-14596
9 Weir Box with Metal Baffle Assembly--
Maximum Discharge = 5 cfs 6.6B 222-D-21124
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
234
6. 1
.1 This chapter contains design information for the more commonly used water INTRODUCTION
measurement structures in canals and laterals. They are constani.-head
orifice structures, open flowmeters, line meters, Parshall flumes, and
weirs. General structural and hydraulic design criteria relating to water
measurement structures are given in Chapter 2. In the structural drawings
selected for illustration, there may be instances in which current design
practices differ in some respects from those illustrated.
.2 Constant-head orifice structures are often used in turnouts where sufficient CONSTANT-
head is available between canal and lateral or farm delivery water surfaces. HEAD
Two gates are required for satisfactory operation. The first gate controls ORIFICE
the area of the orifice and the second gate controls the water depth below
the orifice. A constant difference in head on the two sides of the orifice gate
is maintained by adjusting the downstream gate. The amount of water pass-
ing is determined by the size of the orifice set by the first gate with a definite
differential head. This type of structure may also be used for water meas-
urement on an in-line structure. These structures, called orifice measuring
devices, may be operated by'varying the differential head if properly cali-
brated. Figure 1 shows a constant-head orifice turnout structure of a type
that has been constructed at many locations. The following criteria are for
capacities up to 30 cfs with O. 2-foot differential head. Special consideration
should be given for greater capacities and other differential heads.
A. A value of C = O. 70 should be used for the orifice gate with angle-iron Hydraulics
reinforcement at the bottom of the gate leaf. A value of C = 0.65 should
be used where the angle-iron reinforcement is not provided. A value of
C = 0.75 should be used for the turnout or second gate. When the orifice
gate is set for maximum capacity, the bottom of the gate leaf must ex-
tend below the breast wall a distance equal to or greater than the nominal
thickness of the breast wall. Where accuracies better than ±. 7 percent
are required, careful field ratings of the turnout must be made.
For good accuracy with discharges as shown in the table or computed by
the orifice equation, the upstream submergence must be equal to or
greater than the gate opening for maximum capacity. Less submergence
reduces the accuracy and calibration is required. The top of the turnout
gate opening must be below the water surface in the measuring box by at
least 1. 78 times the velocity head of the full pipe plus 3 inches.
The above seals are required for accurate water measurement. Where
the constant-head orifice is used as a turnout with closed conduit, the
conduit and outlet should be treated the same as a siphon or pipe drop
depending on the local conditions. An air vent as shown on Figure 1
must be provided wherever the delivery water surface at any flow is such
that a vacuum can develop downstream of the control gate. Dimensions
for a cunstant-head orifice are shown in Figure 2.
B. For accurate measurement, a level floor must be provided in front of Dimensions
the orifice gate, of a length equal to or greater than the height of the
orifice gate opening for full capacity. The inside minimum length of the
measuring box should be at least 2-1/4 times the orifice gate opening for
maximum capacity or 1-3/4 times the wall opening, whichever is larger,
for turnouts with maximum capacities up to 10 cfs, and 2-3/4 times the
height of the orifice gate opening at maximum capacity for structures
with maximum capacities above 10 cfs. The inlet walls should be parallel
unless extra width is needed at the inlet cutoff to prevent it from being a
control in which case extra width may be obtained by flaring the walls,
customarily 8: 1.
The distance between the inlet cutoff and orifice gate should be a mini-
mum of 1-1/2 times the difference in elevation between the invert at the
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
235
Chap. 6 Water Measurement Structures Canals and Related Structures
6.3
Dimensions cutoff and at the orifice gate. In an earth canal, the top of the sloping
(Cont'd. ) inlet walls should intersect the canal sideslope at or a few inches above
normal water surface. The inlet walls are usually sloped steeper than
the canal sideslope and set back into the bank so they will not be out in
the canal if it is widened at the bottom during cleaning or reshaping.
The following tabulation shows recommended inlet wall slopes corres-
ponding to various canal sideslopes.
Canal sideslope Inlet wall slope
2-1/2:1 2:1
2:1 1-1/2:1
1-1/2:1 1-1/2:1 set into
the bank 12 to
24 inches depend-
ing on size of
canal and local
conditions
OPEN .3 Open flowmeters are propeller devices generally used at the discharge ends
FLOW- of closed conduits where rate of flow and totalization recording are desired,
METERS or where a minimum head loss is required. Water carrying considerable
sediment or trash can cause trouble with these meters. Therefore, trash-
racks are sometimes provided at the upstream end of the conduit to prevent
fouling of the meter. Open flowmeters may be attached to the outlet transi-
tion headwall on turnouts, siphons, and similar structures. The outlet transi-
tion must be designed to force the conduit to flow full at the meter location.
The desirable velocity in the conduit is from 1 to 8 feet per second for accu-
rate measurement with the open flowmeter. Most meters operate satisfac-
torily with velocities down to 1/2 foot per second. Also, the accuracy of the
meter is not affected by velocities higher than 8 feet per second, but the life
of the standard meter bearings is reduced to the extent that excessive repair
and maintenance will result. A special heavy-duty meter can be obtained for
higher velocities, in which case velocities up to 13 feet per second have been
allowed. A minimum of 6 diameters of straight, level conduit must be pro-
vided immediately upstream from the meter location unless straightening
vanes are used. Figure 3 shows a typical turnout with an open flowmeter in
the outlet transition.
UNE •4 Line meters are propeller devices which operate on the same principle as
METERS open flowmeters. They are generally installed in a pipeline with a well to
the ground surface to protect the recorder. Hydraulic losses are minor for
meters and can usually be neglected.
PARSHALL .5 Parshall flumes can be designed for measurement of small to large flows;
FLUMES Parshall's tables were prepared for capacities up to 3,300 cfs through a
50-foot-wide flume. Since the velocity through the structure is higher than
that in the adjacent channel, waterborne sand and silt will not deposit in the
structure to affect the accuracy, which is ordinarily within 5 percent.
Dimensions A. Measurement of discharge through a Parshall flnme is based on coeffi-
cients determined by experiments. The hydraulic design procedure must
follow the rules and dimensions in Colorado State College Bulletins
No. 386 or No. 426-A "Parshall Flumes of Large Size" and No. 423
"The Parshall Measuring Flume." Parshall's tables can be used where
the structure is designed with a converging upstream section and level
floor, a downw8.rd sloping throat, and an upward sloping section diverg-
ing downstream with all dimensions in accordance with the above bulle-
tins. The Bureau's Water Measurement Manual also contains discharge
tables far Parshall flumes. Modified Parshall flumes have often been
DS-3-5 -12/8/67
236
6.6
used without the upward sloping section diverging downstream, where Dimensions
an outlet transition or stilling pool has been provided. Calibration of (Cont'd. )
these flumes is required to determine their performance.
A straight channel of sufficient length to provide uniform flow must be
provided upstream of the Parshall flume. If the structure is to be placed
upstream of a reach of canal where the bottom may build up due to sedi-
ment or where a checked water surface affects the flow, care must be
taken to prevent submergence which could make the structure inoperative.
Figure 4 shows details of a 185-cis Parshall flume, and Figure 5 shows
details of a modified Parshall flume and drop.
.6 The use of weirs is limited to locations where adequate head is available. WErns
Although other types of weirs have been developed, the Cipolletti and rectan-
gular weirs are generally used. The Bureau's Hydraulic and Excavation
Tables and the Manual for Measurement of Irrigation Water contain tables
giving the discharge for various weirs. The accuracy is reduced if the up-
stream pool is not maintained, if the head on the weir is greater than one-
third the weir length, or if the depth over the weir is less than O. 2 foot. The
velocity of approach should be small, or corrections for the approach veloc-
ity and other factors made as described in the reference tables. The weir
crest should be sharp edged, and the stream over the weir should have free
fall with admission of air under the stream.
A. Movable and adjustable Cipolletti weirs, which can be easily removed Division Box
from the structure or adjusted vertically within a frame, provide a and Adjustable
means of control in addition to measurement, and are often used in Weir
division boxes on lateral systems. Figure 6 shows two types of pipe
division boxes. Figure 7 shows division boxes for an open lateral.
Figure 8 shows the adjustable weir.
B. Figure 9 shows the weir box. This structure is for a maximum discharge Weir Box
of 5 cis. Designs are also available for discharges to 10 cis.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
237
Canals :1nd Related Structures Chap. 6 Water Measurement Structures
CONSTANT HEAD ORIFICE TURNOUTS--TYPE 4A Fig. 1 Par. 6.2
".,,,n.,,,,, • TABt.£ OF LOCATIONS AND ELEVATIONS

~AIIl.l I -- _._- _ .• ~ . • •
t---- t ,-+- --
'I!'~' - ;I; " ',., _, ~= ',!E +.',. '·J,. '

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7lr«iUlr~ G(JI.n"ll~(J""
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",
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•.......'ffl' .... -IP,"''''..~.,
t, -- '''',0';;'":" oo. ! L,.~ n'•. '0 ~ .n.,~
. _. r:1 NOTES
(C'Mltlllr Ll}ltr",~r
-f' NT
--f'·....
.~
~ ~. Far qt-.N ~I1fH I1/IId mi~i",u", r",vlr"","t, for ,.ftI</;/tfJ
rtl~f()ret_f.su '0-D-700'.
". . _aA@2~ &nd ~ ·",to """IJ;
G<ltt(ra... ""..,.t_lJ("..rlD/IIl... I:'lfgal'P~.
TyP,CAL DIRECTIONS pI"Ct/~oflt"'"s
D,sc~or9f'S aSSUIfIf(/ to bot 'lS iMic'JIM III Tab!.. Ji.U.S.BR. waf..-
_ flush w,tncCJfICnfe
Mf'(/wrMltfIT lI'lItIJ(lJ D,scll"rpu slWd bf' ....,fl«l /11 IV/mil
' ; " " " , " ' 7 ',;"" " Ford,,,,p"S/OIt$ If or "q.suP/aftoIldPrafilrorawm9s
DETAIL B Locor/Msofwprf"oIPJsotC'J/tdfartf'lbp
I "" C'Jft$ldtrtfI".,.'t~h/lrl?,OIIr/"'4,IH'JdJUltprJll«DnI",,~
-:~
;:,~," ~ rKfwllrl''''9lf'ltftb(jfPlpe
Otli~tr, 1t'!J
REFERENCE DRAWINGS
' rv,./CAJ. ,."OTl:cnOI¥ OlT"'LIS
falllO.UlIT 'l~ PNlC"sr PIPI IN
.. ~ ,."@-,. ,.O,.OurH/ccO"'''ITE
IlENDSIDIi' "R£C"SrCOrK:R£rfC""'-Vf"lI'rp/PE
2ll'O-lZ7fJ6
lU·O-lUO!S
f/f. " _.
, ...,~.;'.. ==s}ti'~5tC" -'
~ I _' E
U , .r "'f'II2'~': ~/r~;"-
"-1 (: ..... "'00
~"-5£CTION;r:'':JE .II { _ .. ,
./".w"Afr;1oQr/lllrr "LAN @u."n TH,".. S""FIETY I
I0 I~"<iys",crn~r
1Ltr'-';'/l lrtl l Or5:"'e~ !/~~... Up",~""""'.
~tI/~lJ'!tr, lO,~,~:J.~!':! .~f, ~~'_.-~.~12 _.~ : "i/"~rt/l~l1d.hn""'. fCh'lmftrOilol/
, '. 'lndCl,fWI1'I""r :. tdgesofp/'lltkS DN'''"'OI"It'OPTHf'IIt'l:'''''''
'' _.. ". COLU"'$I.
.""",,~ O'
a,/lS""
"on" ... "",.
PRQ,J£(;T- ....'" ,,.,Iti/iT{JIti
:. .,,' ..... '1 .
". ':::,••
WAHLIJKE ,,"4ltiC,. C.IVAL LATCRALS -BLOCK '5
.m_ .- N
--.' --, __ c o o ' ,
"',
~l ~.>, '. "',,, ..".
j" ,', . _ ...
(~~"":~'~:;!';~'i?l-•.
'''.f ..''.... .. ,.. C. H. O. TURNOUTS
,~.~:.
.:I
I!J'JI", ~ l",;.,.~';, E1Jj.• ':;;~::" TYPE 4t4
~ E,',," '":,:,.,,, ,,,,,.,..,,, " , """., "'" 1-/--' .... ,"_~ '~".. -,! SCCTION C-C
L~:~.~ -ffJlZ" - """"-1..1.",,,-,-+ ' ••

;:::;::!"",,,,, 'fCTtON 0-0
''''~ '''''''':.~,:.,.; 0. ~, ""':'~,",", DETAIL OF PRECAST CONCRETE PLANIC ~.,'"' -_:::::::: !L~~~~-~_~~~~
DETAIL A
S~CTlON A-A
~.' -•.?.V:tft-r.~"i';·
SECTION .-8 222.-0~22184
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
239
Caned::; and Related Strurtures Ch3p. 6 Water Measurement Structures
DIMENSIONS:)F A CONSTANT-HEAD ORIFICE Fig. 2 Par. 6.2A
Ym = Gate opening for max. Q,~m =0.8 max

Yt = Full gate leaf travel. t
5 = Submergence
Orifice go te leaf ~ - __
WS~--,
i
,
>:
I
~
,
,
, I
,
i y
::-:-:e>:.>.:: ..: .. a.
":;:0
" X" must be equal to or greater than "t" for max. Q.

" 5" is equal to or greater than "y~' for good accuracy.
For Q up to 10 cfs, L must be at least 2i
Ym or Yt J 11
whichever is greoier. 13'-6"minimuml
For Q above 10 cfs, L = 2l
Ym minimum.
DIMENSIONS FOR A CONSTANT- HEAD ORIFICE
REV. 3-29-62
OCT. 31, 1960 103-0 -644
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

241
TURNOUT WITH OPEN FlDW METER--EAST BENCH CANAL AND LATERALS Fig. 3 Par. 6.3
mslollof,onfor fl_
An,r.orbOtrJOndb~"".'
TABLe
:;~~::;::~o~: ~--
r"'"" I .;". . fUT/I;shNb,tht : T,O. ,,,L£T STRIJCTU1fE
GO~U/lmtnlJ-._ .. _ ~, D/"'£~SfO"'S
on
~. 'AIt"'.LATEItAL TUItNOUTS ~F~~ .... C.$ ,.. vc"r... • f II' 01.. L ,;1. 1;1 '1LO~ II. ~ "U_,"DL~ 1;11•• "
".$1.
, J2f6.1
~i.!!~J.Q.J..!_t2..u 0r~ ,~..!! ~""'I'~.'..' 4.0: If.- j ,. 11-6. ~~ 18.r-£~ 'l~'. R!1!1~ '2!..'~ 'ZM~5tPli9g Ol~
! I f - ~ - m.oo· . , ~!~~~ f/4~f,-OT -. • _ ~ 111 ~ ~~ ""58~~~ 5~
..JA ~ - fT."
=~jl'--'" . T.5 4TJJ
~.>.s~;;;'"I---
I
;
'"
~::-.:~c :::it.
--,- -4& ...
! -.4i:,~1;0" fli,fJ
i 1..1,..
~~~itf:~L~'L~ ~~~i:; ~J t i~? ~~ ~ ~Tnj=fii, .. "
J..7 ".
""
4J1
PLAN b=· ; i~ 1'/ "iF]
.~cC;-~~l E~c C~c-l~:l ~
~,
~-:~ C-<- -N " - <' ".
JO.'
: -:-~~~~::-'-::~-': t%~----%;: J! ~ _ :: : ~:.:
~-:._- ::,~.>-jf'-
.:.·=-~j~5;.;s-L-fG.-,:,- LoIJT .t8.64 -:;TM_ flll '-/i.lf-~ Ii-J"'~ _-~~~~llf---------:--~ hI H,t
~'140 .,~
- -~~~:~~: . ~:;-H' ~ ~ :0% -~~ - 9 & " ~. ~~~~ :;~ - :~: J-& I~' -::.:
Lpl!JT f4/& #/& J'.SJ '-J 16 J!J.fI .014 JvoDtr;siOllrJo.,$,f/#J699-0-jCJJ 7.' 4J,6
....
,.... Lol./l,O 4Z.62 41,6<' J5!J9 f)· _ }981 (,al JU1 (JrHnno"mtl,r J-O f/.g;>
II~
..!--,1.DIIU 39/0 JUi JUII 'J JJ~T' 86 5-f 2'f .. Jf.l5 rJ2!J5 JJTO{)mSlOnrJ().,s~'!J9-D-104ro.f JB.Z
~:~,;;.~ f~f-~ :~.:,~-:~ -<r-:- :~-~" ~~: L,"I i!;~ ~tnf~O!~.mr J' 6 ~; ~~;
lo119? ------.::i~~~._f---~r--{1l_0,sall99-0-295 J(}T N-O llJl .!.!H' 2T.J2 rrons'fIDllJ!J-2,lft'm-C-U II'" J032
:jj!~:::~:'::;:'~ !~ ~ '<HOO'gjt;;*~'_l=c 1_ ., -0""", OS FO~"J. _!~'2 ~' ~~:O":6.•..~. _ f, J'.:' ~. ~~.( 4HZ Lt!.tl 4J~UO:_~l~0.'"~ttr :_:_ ~~
diG?""" --=--_1-.' _~"&!Ig~o-,o;_ _1611 .~~f-&
~ - - 5"&99-0-106
4131t 4Z621 j668 ~·o I,i-J~ Il~&·~~? ~.,
>
.>
t;p proltellOn for Form r",rnO"/5
1
rrC{l"US~ IJpr5 ,onlm",o",s
';o:t:;- ;~: ~~~~r,:'~:1f I:r/'

NOTE
SECTION For IYPIcol pro'eellOIl dtIQ,I.. ~, 699-0-1/2
r: ~ £051 Bnrr~ ronol
l4f"./;IP.Ci.2i.OO
(I,.. /;.[./0,' /·511;10.J925
(:'::n1:no; r:;:w_. 'V,·~.~uZ:~~ ~olf
-' " s.~, ,_-~,(I.J
..
.... ·_';;'"'.f
Offs,toSrtq~'rK,.n GENERAL NOTES
PROFILE
~ s,."'·)Orr>fro ' . TJ,~'~ "1' ll.z~i, UOflolithle concr,r,dn"nbo5fIJ on ocomprtSfIV' strenglh
Anch"r~olt5' .j ...,:., H of JOOO Ibs P~I" sq inch
5?M9!I, :51 00.2100 Dim~fls,oll> p~ /p cMI,r Imp M )OO"li,ool'55 r>lhtrrllis,
'I A., .,." :w.s:' 5."141 :_'5foo· ..,X
~ll.J
I sr... ,,,,.,"7Ci'Ar,7 ~~I~ ;-:O~::~1 Fr>r ,mtJ,dm,,,1 delr>1I5
""'~ s~ 699-0'OIJ
2JJ.tJ"srOO.257J
(I~.l •• --::/-',!:,: S-0295 rS'o 1:10475'
~7~T,. =!J
,.ROFfLE '"
, sr•. 9or .... ro <Ar. tr, r····"·" .
~ "4(olll:,-a~ A"'• ."" r _r
, etJoltsPll'llh
nulsPlld w"shers(iiJi2" -' .'·'\'·-rUJ.r6"Plp,
:<.' ..··"
S? Ii ~ IStO ~·?O 6J - ~.....n II "...n ...' ......
0''''1« nil""".'.
~~~~p815.f4J' .J
litl <u,..."r.cllr 0' r... ,,,a",O"
i sr. /o~:.~:I.Hu""o DETAIL A
IIV".'" ,,, .. ccour."I,,"
.,SSOUR' RIY£R S."" f'I/lO,J(;C1'
T~I'[E FORKS OIlI/$II"III-E"",,1' SEIIICH lJ~'T-.Cllllr-.~A
~I:t:~z..o SECTION B-B EAST BENCH CANAL AND LATERALS

r sr. ,o.~'!fl/!l,E,.r ",2 (I J TURNOUTS
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
243
PARSHALL FLUME--FLORIDA FARMERS DITCH, STATION 12 + 22.33 Fig. 4 Par. 6.5A
Utos"rmfJWPIIPrtMdP msJ~nr
1~lrrrorrJrlrlllll"'D"'fJ·o-O-5!2.
s"+-'.:-o
~l
-'r i:_-",~_/c_ -r~
""-.-:' ',: :1"1 1
r, ; :i . :' t
AL '0.
~. ~~. ;I
~,'IIII.'''68jJ';,~. JA
.... ~
SECTION D-D
I '.
~---,.,.-.--
~ ~,'e''':- ''''BI~1~ 1_
~j
''';'6~
L_ PLAN ·.@dPfOCPiII ....---i·Iff....... 6'-

~&";
s ~1trQ!>kItJ
'0' , •• , '" .
,,' L LI' L I
-<J -4Llttl9/f_@ll
D ~
.. .•
-f@Ji '-'-'. :'"
,,!,, lon~lr@8" ..•••.... ' .

•... :
T,. _.-4~}/l
-
'nfrJ JIOJI----' "<~
·.@,,'B~'~'"''''.·.t~ 1
E~'''':: .,:~~,;J~~r'. . F=TPi " . '';1;';0 _. m< -....;fj..... .
\: - rt-"'t-T:' ll•....•.. \5lS&...'=sJ" "ro"" ·.1 llfj'fti". ~,~#> SECTION E-E SECTION F-F
~s-,:_~=--.;__ . _'::_-i~~_:';~": ESTIMATED OUANTITIES

Caw;rt~._____________ _. .25C6l"*
flr()@5B' Rrinf(J{"'ftIMIIl slWi_.. ~ •••• _•• N()() Us.
OrigillOlgroundswfiKe··'
f/Ct>OI"";t ~N1vtl-··
HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES NOTES

_. Troo" ',-OlIn conlJOOOll$
'fVtrl/COl/lors
,,,,I>'MW.<'~ rrol~' :""Zl~n:;,/~,n;.r.u;:. :"" Q~ ~ fj~G~~Ut~"9_' .. c:*v
UnIHS()/'-"'~slPrMrrop/aUrrMforrrrrrr"/SIlf,.,I
lind floor@'1"SpDUd : ~ hot'Jl(JfIkJ11r : m_~_~_fl~@J2· dis'II~~ Irfwel ftJ/2 ~ aJMrrfr IftI -rm rrin~1 is t{:
1P«~~ /lQrll~lya/1Jt19 ~iJ1tlf19s1Ili1:Mr·( ""':""~hrJri"Dn/Dllr ~ flO t~crptfJ"(Jf'idrllclHrtllsht_frtJmf«;t(J{~ploUd
c"r~ '12
1~;:"1 ':00 12~21,:~ 12'uI,o;~I~1
./rwfurr ( ~~~"::::/~/ ItkJtrq s/ruct~ ( .,m Mrl/rtH"fT1d.af2'
Lop ., bttN diIItMfws IIf 5IIikJI5
2.
SECTION A-A Corterr/r 1M5If'I bosH tin It mtrIf)fflSIrr sf""'fllrDf-lOOO 16$.,.,.
S4JnIll2'day$.
DJst:h<HTJtsortas~ltJbrll/fICCtIlYI";thu.5'''·11ItIItr
~/WonUtli·frJrPrlrsJ>qilr/umr.;{s~fobIrllJ.RrJlitIfs
shtUdftlllDdrlrJ~rifr1fIJj~
"':fj0:-' 2~1(J:--~fj.:-O
REFERENCE ORAW/NOS
'"'C"I. ~lrCJrcCTIC" MTNU••
rHST""-,,r SHnl'£" ..... O_O~5>'''''
l'""j~',/~
--:;f-
·HIJIIfII_~8° . .
U.-,."'H"Hf1 <>t' '''IE "HE"'"''

.."liE"" til' 1IILC~II"'''rI''''
I'~O"It'A _OJ£C.,.-COl,.tI"AtItI
.•• Trr",sr 1112" FLORIDA FARMERS DITCH ENLARGEMENT
STA. 1J!~1lJ!.~3
'. SECTION C-C PARSHALL FLUME

SECTION B-S
,0 •••• ..
. , . :::=::2~~::~:::::=_~~~.%!~::::---
.~"V~"o_ ..... ~ ..._ ....... I !519-D-I02
DS-3-5 - 1~/8/67
245
Canals Clnd Rehted Structures Chap. 6 Water Measurement Structures
MODIFIED PARSHALL FLUME AND DROP--FLORIDA CANAL ENLARGEMENT, STATION 5+90. 5 Fig. 5 Par. 6.5A
~ Meol.r,nq ...-ell Pro ... de ,nslrumeo' shelter.

, For ddools le~ 40-0-5724
ArT
Place tra,ghl aod
12;.". i. ' '0'- 4· lon~, I
:e.~1 fmbtl1 endS eo"olly 11'1 "de ",oils
ror anchor I1elo,ls He 40- ~29!> °-
~I
~I
I
'r.'~~:::'~l:~;~~::::,,,,,
po;;tp:::,tno,ceb~~t'~~·OETAIL. A .4 Lon'l" @
'":'' ' '
14
i' y
'C 5W.. P holes SPOCtl1 ~,'.:l

F'ordet"d5<tt,,9'0'/22
;~~:'. ,', ,:::.'. :::f:l;
~ c:::::JJ
See Deto" '" ~.'~ c=Jq ~
,-Symm oboul f e... ~(/t "':oe, c::::J '..,
.' -5 to !> _ ~O measurIng ...-e.rl
L i L
=
",~ .,------,-; 'i
0' _ "."1 5;06-76.7
,fdged or chamttred
, corner.
1 HALF PL.AN E L:-
,--·_@fZ" " Poi~t .vr 'oce 0'
joinl fa preunt
Top-olbal'l' '.bond-
-LH~I -e" 19"'~
10' [iJr'h
-,---i 10"5' '0' 0' -<. J'O'-- 6'-0' >--
Tral'ls,'~n 40~_~
NWSIl,~'(J '~r"'>"-' 'i"

"K
'" ". ,,704J92
~ C':""i~:;::'
."'''-'12t~
~~·;0·;;:t~~i~;:H~'"''''
" "~~ ,,, ,,,,,.. '" 4O"N'" "
' :,.
On.,"" . ".., '""<.::i4::':-~ ". ",_:"" ,.-'." TA~L ./
5-00034 '""ocr·, "- BL.OCK DE
' CHUTE BL.~ . _FLOO"
{I 70 46(f!- ~~-'@8'
6'Coorst gro.el ";";/1"
20"0' J(-O'
ro' Earth
'"4 TronH (;on"I'IUO"5 In ",oils .and Iloor @.I" Tral'l$ili"n
,paced horrro"lollf along .Irudur, If Tap of bon~
. "-
q
J[;..'I ::c:.,r "
"-~@~
LONGITUDI/IIAL SECTION
}~~C_~ .Ei!!~'~'2:-n _n '"
J;f. I,
o
S~AlE
•
I
or ,((r
,.
'·fllll,lc84 '",
....4 -O'~ t;'Fillel-
.0 Lon'li' fro", floor' eSTIMATED ~
_ .. ~ ~ -, Tro;~:.::;;r:::::t:@'~;~;:;f~O;:t~C~:~:-:~~;'::?floor ~ ~i' ~:"·-i,;:.;r,I~~8'
Concrel•.. " _. '2CvYds
seCT/ON - ---6'
6',... --2'IO'~ -'·6" Reinforcemen' $Irel 7100 LbJ
f ,'!4 Looq" @8" '.,sP".~e-, l;rO:nl:•.b;r;. "ar1lon'0lly 0'''n9 5I'"cI.fe 1:
". ·4@12-'
!to Tra"5-11.~lr· '0 ",all. ond Iloor
ReF~1t~NCE DRAWINGS
trp/CIll p"orcctlO1l ocr"IL~_. . __ "11·0-11.
" ,,,.,, . ' " ' . : .". . . ;f4[1il8"8,ndmfo '. jjf" J/tJt"UIIEl¥r S,",CI.TCiIf . .• 0-0-'72.
..•:.~/J@I2" ,(l·H.,,,
'",,';"',:' :'~n~~2'!:~/ tl"lIIt walls WEEP 0<01.£ ""·0"'"
"'I"..,J.t~:-, . __.. . ~YORAULIC PRO~eRTI£S
.... • ." SECTlOI¥ /l V Q r n <
~6'r';<IS - "n,,,,, ," [";,.. ,,,.;... NOTE S
,I" I,}:W,,'(,~ Unle« ath~r""H sho",n, pJo<~ reinfO'C~fflenl '0 Ihol
SCOTiaN Ihe cI~ar d,,'ooce ou .... een f(J,e of ~O"ccete ond
n,ore,1 reinforcement 's iF" Htepl pro.ide 0 ciear
~ seCT'ON c-c di,lance from foe, at coo~retr plo(el1 09a'nJ t
~or f Ii or r a~' ()f ? ~
""4 LonQ,r~~: Mo. bod Iii! Lop 011 ban 24 diameJus 01 spli<ts
• \,\ /~ <", : 6"._ -''''/0'- - 6'
"-4@8 I ... /.,. I 1'1
·'·"·~~~/I Cono'/~:;O~~~~~;~;·':~~~~~~ ~s';:::elJ'.' J:rrn91~
DiH~aC~tl are o'Hmed la b. '1'1 nccard wrt~ US 8.R
,------,_=''''''"'0"''
DePA".,.",e",.,.
..'''..0;:'',------1
r"E
''''''''''''0''
a~
~ / I ;fO L onQ!t from tr"ns I 0
'(',0.'."to~~:51~rrR'On/'n~~II~~~·:i; ~~r-:::;~ ~':mes, FlO .. ~O"':u~..~;:~I.r"-"',;'~'~..AOO
S/CIj.'onq "011
~J (11)0'"'"9
fhldne5J
flO&
fnMJOm<!
-
"'.~~- ~\;
.....4@12"
~/
"frIend <u
:~~':rO;/tl~J
loll "rl"oll,
,Ih "nre
"dtrrctrd
of
nfo"~d
·"".. '
:~.'.'2
"
~.'14Tr"n'V,(ilI'.
Tco"" . , . . I. ,"""".. , "
."ilf toblu FLORIDA CANAL. ENLARGeMENT
STA. S+ !l0."
·4 LanQ,I@IO,,"- _ , '
U'·""'''·F:"'' ',. @ I PARSHALL FLUME
seCTION S-8
,O
0-0
T~'" " ~. o c,-: -."."'_.o'"'''..''rT''o_. __ ~T~:4
,= ':!4t()"~il_@~' "''''''EO_._''_''_''' ".'OHl"""O"'t>.(?.I1."'~
" ... c""o,1-.t.I._.~._ ~P''''O~.Q "~'.~~~'~.'~
SECT/O/ll e-E
o......" ... co~o~~oO.o~, • . 'u, i 519.D-III
247
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
PIPE DIVISION BOXES--TYPES 7A AND 8A Fig. 6 Par. 6.6A
L/lt.r~' ~,ti/l~ .~." ~qVir.d TABLE OF LOCATIONS AND ELEVATIONS

ELEVATION' ouTLET PIPE <10.1.
"AiiLi "~III
~ ,.,
/I,
we:Je!i n'+-35
i ~'l~~o::'T
",0 .... :l
.....
- '. .J!),
7el3.6;217fj!;;.7ftI7eJ.,~ nr.;u 7b:J.'''' - 30 Jf,
"18:3.42. 71$+000 7e6."... ,';!I ~ r-:iJifi
r- --
"1A!WB3BH , ..1>0' '0'
700.6;:14~~6a ~~;::~ ~~cf:~' ~~~l~~- ~~ I+'.~~~ I
we.;,- E.j.e~.21~ffi F. u. lS:rp~ 'o' 8'16.60Ifl'lS-.60 18 9/.&O B'i'4.'7olal r ..07S
~ ._. __ LT WB+3 e.".""o . OJ
IIj Con"ref to rOf1(1ltron;lt,

(1/ ConHettopip,lilt'
(JI C_ttttjplp,4,..
Lot'rals«t'lMlltMnNq'd (f) Ic'E/lrtllt,."/lIititM
ESTI"AT~D QUANTITIES
Conc,..,.__~ -I •., CU. rli"L
Rf,"fotft_, ••••• ~I + • :UO Lt..
I_j ~~~~"I
--"(" --- M,. " , , / •••.. ~'.: ··f"..• Anw bGlts
--, --do-· NOT£.
__ .J-_ __l... __ fNt",.-·
-.f-,- ::"
TI" N'f~'": ~J,t 14" FfIf' I'M,.,I /IOtlS 0114,.,./Ii,.,.,." for.,..,
_t._
;........i
"''''''"_''._''-'-100•.
..,.t;e:tIl1y«td""tf1ll"'''-.Jtlt
Cl~ttdr;lltof'l1IItlrilfnns
I! . ,"/ ""I'It/tdPrud rMtI"f'r" dlrKtrd.
All,.. iJ ".-n r-Mrrrtt OIh,rt _ , a.u II'lIi,." ,.".,
: ~ .t~.'
1!4~-( -Allf/W b DETA/~ A J.-ts.pl/H' ..""..is' ......
t\'f·8rJfr~
" ,
Jupport-,
~ c,,.tt1 '''f1ns;~itlJr OJ d;rwa.) ,
'(Jclls,!1t+
,i;,Q-ClJdir,cf..s--'
~·ADJ. WEI" ,,'ADJ. • EU'
DETAILS OF OPENING
FOIt ADJUSTA8LE WEIR
( I"'l" Anchor bolts "ith sQ'IlClr.
REFERENCE DRAWINGS
.O...... ,..~I' "'II' ."rc;,- . .o I'O::. ·__'II-D-""-'"
I'''RrNlf"rO#"H'CoI,r~''flll'
_ I J H f C Ct/IIIC.I'T' .ln-D-,...
rF.-r('.L "_r,cr",,, Ofr/IJLI.+ 7_n'-D-~1I
IFI'_D_,.."I'II'I __ ••• _. • ._.ll~D_nlOr
c;.;.,~·ri;,.·filrlol'''·''''''~''''1 ...:
"'Addil'MlJlff'(lJlIlr.qUll"fd
SECTION A~A ~ /'- ••
" !"_' iP"'oo'"~".P""",~,.,~",,,. ~!-T~ ~J

....t":::::;',;'" I C i) ..... F. ,.,.. s.p'nv
, 'LAII
,,".M, ';-::::"-1,", :,rfP""~"''''''''''h''~' -l-~~~":" _~~!t'r-~ .
(Ln-V "_F.,.r ... r.., _
o -JOW~. ....,_o,.'n. r_
COLIJI".,A .AS/III ""O.l~CT _ .. ",SHI• • TO,.
-••11:< :~! ""~.
'_ ... . .".'...----;.•,,"
_. ~. ,~_ . .,_rC_nf"OIttlill
. . . . .J.,P. .IIS t"Y~/C'AI. '"
~''''trItH'' WAHLMtI"E MANON CANAl. iLAr.-uL"-4ILOQ.ll'.'
j"ONl. "",,_/,,- 'iI-' -~';' .... ,.... ,- '.-.,"':', '; "-.-.
PIPE DIVISION 80XES
, :, --·I*illf..t -- ,-- ':
TYPES lI"A AND .A
;;.<:; ,
'.'·'r._boIt."..
1IH4. Iwz. "lit IllIII cut "s"....•..-'
' :::.~;:_::.- ==:;:::;;:~~:K:::-(:::::
_ _••"d.. .. • ,>.t ~ n _
". SECTION .... ~ProtHHtPI ,,,,.~tHWl"'M4, D«TA/~·o,,,.P;;I-CAST
CONC".T~ "L.AIlt( ........-..........-. --;.;.~.- '-222;';0-=t1':200-
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
249
DIVISION BOXES--TYPES 5A AND 6A Fig. 7 Par. 6.6A
TA8LE OF LOCA't,ONS AND EL.EVATIONS

LO'trOlltO,O" __ .__ 8.'0 -<~J:IOr'>IdJrtclrd r. r,caTD OUTLI!:T ~r"l!:
- , -1 or~ .•• ;.:.-1 • ."ff
,
-.ll
''''''''''f- ~ .IN. F.u. 110.•• 762.()(J
.
,
forthfrOlls,',or r"'" i 'I IT. nJ.Cl n.g• /11 IN 22Z;D-¥..'~U
:-.II ,. ,,' ,,' "
....."".-, ' i J
'. 'L
F 2'
i",",_ -oC7}\
":.:'.. : , L.- D,J c, ,~F'.
.. 1,1 ',-
'------"."--,
: I ~
I I I II! 11 I prrcr15f [lMurfr /1lollts.
I I I I,\.~ 'I srrQefoOl (lJ Co~~t(r to rtlfldtrCluing
A I {ZJC""..,,(1'lllpi,.li~
_------L-..L-------i------"--- 1 .. • 1 I ,I ....L--->- : (: .r "9 "b
IJICllnll,,11Itpi,.ilro,
!! f ~ :i 1 ( lItoJ'~IIin,
: ~ f,----r, . I • "-11"- T ;;; ~ -..-2;- ~~

~;. I I I - I I , ;rmoj~-: c~, rdJ.
- ",..L l4",.~-., ~-r C'MU'" _
nl -,..1 ,r''; ~
. ."-·r.,· A~c~o,' ~OltJ "rmfOrrtwttll' 5tnl ",
Ad) fN''''-'
'.. .,th sq~(f/"t
."If "1]" IIftIds ~ !:.~
,,/i.... ;,,I: .,' ondlN',nuts.
.
~1 p~OJtctlr ".1 t
{""", _ j >' II'';'
'~:.--
A
,
"--
+'
,--------=
F---- - ,
. S."'-["ii - T-
J." ._.,','".. !.:..,-,
~ ._, M,,,'••,, ,,-, .-"'.
(r~' ~~.'''--: ,L"
.•. OETAIL. A
~- ;~_~~-..:;.~;.;;;~-~i ,I NOTES
'0",,'" r , a · - · · .. , " '." 'IIr'''IIr"'ln''r..Sand",i'';_ .... qlliI''''''nh'IN'~1Mt
::i r I 5tfDtfoiJA"; "H1fOr-ttlfltllf,J,r,(J-(J-1OOr.
~.L f.f'IId""tQft oml.i"'l"/JJis .,dieoll, olldllllriztmtoll'f
~~ I I' : I , i i -;{ '~ R' ADJ. 1IfF-,If j J' AOJ. WClI't "iHrUllr,,,,far,,.dtOllcrtf'Dsdirtct,d,
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
251
C2.na~s and Rela-:.ed Structures Chap. 6 Water Measurement Structures
ADJUSTABLE WEffi--2- AND 3-FOOT WIDTHS Fig. 8 Par. 6.6A
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DS-3-b - 12/8/G7
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DS-3-fJ - 12/8/67
255
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 7 Cross Drainage and
Protective Structures
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph
7. 1 Introduction
7. 2 Culverts
7.2A Inlet
7.2B Outlet
7. 3 Overchutes
7. 4 Drain Inlets
7.5 Spillways
7. 5A Overflow Spillway
7.5B Radial-gate Spillway
7. 5C Siphon Spillway
7. 6 Wasteways
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
257
Chap. 7 Cross Drainage and Ca.'1als and Related Structures
UST OF FIGURES
1 Concrete Pipe CuIverts--
West Canal Laterals 7.2 222-D-21331
2 Overchute--Putah South Canal,
Station 1534+80 7.3 413-D-576
3 Irrigation Crossings- -Florida
Farmers Ditch Enlargement 7.3 519-D-118
4 Wasteway Plan and Sections--
Osborne Canal, Station 443+00 7.5 468-D-330
5 Wasteway Inlet Details--
Osborne Canal, Station 443+00 7.5 468-D-331
6 Typical Low':head Siphon
Spillway--Design Data 7.5C 103-D-46
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
258
ProtectiveStructures
7.1
.1 This chapter contains design information for structures that convey storm INTRODUCTION
or drainage water under, over, or into canals; also structures that provide
controlled discharge of excess water from the canal for safety of operation.
General structural and hydraulic design criteria relating to cross drainage
and protective structures are given in Chapter 2. In the structural drawings
selected for illustration, there may be instances in which current design
practices differ in some respects from those illustrated .
.2 Culverts are structures that carry flood or drainage water under canals, lat- CULVERTS
erals, roads and railroads. Various shapes and materials have been used in
culverts, but the most common are single- or multiple-barrel precast con-
crete pipe and rectangular monolithic concrete conduits. Adequate cutoffs,
at least one on each side of the canal, should be provided to prevent percolat-
ing water from following the conduit and causing washouts. Where the cul-
vert barrel passes under an earth canal, the top of the barrel should be at
least 24 inches below the canal invert. Where the culvert barrel passes under
a lined canal, a clear distance of 3 inches should be allowed between the bar-
rel and the lining. In determining the minimum size of a culvert carrying
floodwater, the quantity of flow which will be produced by a 25-year frequency
flood, divided by a velocity of 10 feet per second, should be used to obtain the
area required, except that if a baffled outlet is provided a velocity of 12 feet
per second may be used. With the minimum size so determined, selection of
the magnitude of storm for which the culvert is designed should take into con-
sideration the local hazards involved such as the effect of ponding above the
canal, the possibility of damage from water discharged from the culvert, and
the overall damaging effect of possible structure failure. A minimum culvert
diameter of 24 inches is usually set for use on a project. The size will de-
pend on the damage that plugging might cause and on the type of debris ex-
pected from the drainage area. Figure 1 shows typical pipe culverts with
transitions.
A. Inlets may consist of the plain end of the culvert pipe, a straight or bent Inlet
headwall, or various types of concrete transitions. The inlet should be
determined on the basis of existing conditions. It must permit the design
flow to enter the culvert with adequate freeboard for canal protection.
This freeooard is normally 2 feet or more for the design flood. The in-
let invert should be located near the existing ground surface or at the
bottom grade of an inlet channel, if provided, to prevent degradation
above the culvert. If the conduit slope is steep and the outlet water sur-
face low, the capacity of the culvert will be controlled by the inlet. In
this case the depth of ponding above the canal will be determined from
the control at the inlet cutoff or the headwall, whichever governs. If the
downstream water surface is high enough to make the conduit flow full,
the hydraulics to determine the capacity and pondage should be computed
on the basis of a submerged conduit with proper loss coefficient for the
existing conditions.
B. The outlet should be designed to protect the structure against local scour. Outlet
The safety of the outlet is also dependent on the stability of the down-
stream channel. This waterway must resist gullying or the culvert may
fail regardless of the outlet type. Baffled outl~ts or other types of .energy
dissipators should be used where it is required that adjacent facilities be
protected from local scour. A level length of pipe equal to at least three
pipe diameters is desirable at the inlet to baffled outlet structures; how-
ever, slopes up to 15° have been permitted. Baffled outlets may be ob-
jectionable if the culvert transports debris that might plug the structure .
.3 An overchute is a structure that carries flood or drainage water across and OVER-
above the canal prism. An overchute should be used where the cross drain- CHUTES
age gradient is sufficiently high to prOVide freeboard over the canal water
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
259
Chap. 7 Cross Drainage and Canals and Related Structures
'1.4
QVER- surface without excessive ponding at the inlet. Rectangular concrete flume
CHUTES sections are generally used for large flows, while closed conduits are often
(Cont'd. ) used for small flows. Transverse ribs are sometimes provided on the flume
floor of large structures to retain an insulating earth layer which will reduce
the indllced temperature stresses in the concrete floor and piers. Figure 2
shows an overchute with a stilling pool. Figure 3 shows a steel pipe cross-
ing. The type of energy dissipator is selected for least cost to meet the re-
quirements for the structure. The outlet must be designed to adequately
control local scour. The downstream channel must be sufficiently stable to
avoid erosion which might endanger the structure.
DRAIN •4 Drain inlets are used to introduce small amounts of drainage water into the
INLETS canal when an economical means of crossing the canal is not available. In
general, it is more desirable and safer to carry flood and drainage water
across the canal in culverts, in overchutes, or over canal siphons instead of
permitting it to enter the canal, because of the operating problems, cleaning
costs and other costs which are introduced by permitting storm and drainage
water to enter the canal.
The maximum drainage inlet capacity at any point should not exceed 10 per-
cent of the capacity of the canal unless evacuation facilities are provided
immediately upstream from the point of storm water entry. In case large
flows are taken into the canal, and a waste outlet is provided immediately
upstream, some storm water will pass on down the canal because of the rise
in water surface necessary to operate the waste facilities. This increased
flow, plus all other water admitted to the canal during any given storm, must
be evacuated before the accumulation endangers the banks or structures. The
maximum allowable rise due to this increq.sed flow is usually equal to one-
half the lining freeboard or one-fourth the bank freeboard, whichever is the
least. The point of maximum water surface rise will be upstream of a struc-
ture such as a siphon, and this will usually locate the wasteway. (See Para-
graph 7.6.)
Water may be emptied into the canal through a rectangular concrete flume
section or a closed conduit. In earth canals, a flume section usually requires
a chute and pool to prevent eroding or damaging the canal, whereas a pipe can
often discharge a small amount of water near the canal water surface without
appreciable damage to the canal.
SPILLWl.YS .5 Spillways are provided on canals to automatically remove some water from
the canal when the water surface exceeds a set elevation. The spillway capac-
ity should be adequate to empty flood and unused irrigation water and thus pre-
vent damage to the canal and appurtenant st~uctures. If a spillway is used as
protection for a powerplant or similar installation, it may be required to pass
the entire capacity of the canal. Functionally, a spillway differs from a waste-
way in that, while it may possibly discharge the entire flow, it cannot be used
to empty the canal. The most common canal spillways are side-channel over-
flow spillways, siphon spillways, and automatic radial-gate spillways. Waste-
ways and spillways are often combined to provide a means of emptying the
canal as well as controlling the water depth for protection. This also permits
the use of a common outlet channel. Figures 4 and 5 show a combined over-
flow spillway and wasteway.
Overflow A. Overflow spillways may be used to empty weeds, trash, ice, and other
Spillway floating objects, as well as excess water, from the canal. They are
rlesirable where the exact amount of water to be emptied is not known,
because a small additional head over a long overflow crest will consider-
ably increase the discharge. However, the long overflow crest may be
objectionable a: some locations. Usually a wasteway gate can be com-
bined with an overflow spillway without appreciable added expense for the
structure.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
260
7.5B
B. Spillways using radial gates which will automatically open or close with Radial-gate
the rise or fall of the water surface in the canal are sometimes em- Spillway
ployed to advantage where an overflow or siphon spillway is not suitable.
C. Siphon spillways are generally constructed where overflow spillways are Siphon
not feasible. The spillway capacity must be known, as additional head Spillways
will not appreciably increase the capacity after the siphon has primed.
Although two identical siphon spillways may not operate the same, Fig-
ure 6 presents the best available design data for this type of structure.
Sharper bends or other changes may reduce the capacity considerably.
The throat and upper portion of the lower leg should be designed to resist
external atmospheric pressure in addition to other loads. An adjustable
slotted opening should be provided at the water surface in the hood on the
upper leg to obtain control of the flow through the siphon spillway for a
wide range of discharges and prevent slugging when the siphon primes.
See Hydraulic Laboratory Report No. Hyd-335 for model studies of sev-
eral types of adjustable slotted openings .
.6 Wasteways are usually designed for manual or automatic operation. Nor- WASTE WAYS
mally, they will empty the canal, but they can be operated to remove any
part of the flow. Wasteways may be combined with spillways or designed as
separate structures. Automatic spillway gates may be installed to drain the
canal and thus operate as a wasteway; they can be set to hold the canal water
surface nearly constant as well as to discharge the canal capacity, but they
are usually expensive and require considerable maintenance. Automatic
radial gates may be electrically or hydraulically controlled. Manually oper-
ated slide gates in conjunction with overflow spillways are generally used for
small capacity wasteways. Wasteways and spillways should be provided as
required to adequately protect the canal system. Where feasible, natural
drainage channels should be utilized for wasting canal water. Retention ponds
and long, expensive wasteway channels have been provided in some cases on
large canals to give the desired protection. See also Paragraph 7.4.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
261
C,lLflls and Related Structures Chap. 7 Cross Drainage and
CONCRETE PlPE CULVERTS--WEST CANAL LATERALS Fig. 1 Par. 7.2
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
263
Canals and Re lated Structures Chap. 7 Cross Drainage and
OVERCHUTE--PUTAH SOUTH CANAL, STATION 1534+80 Fig. 2 Par. 7.3
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
Car;als and Related Structures Chap. 7 Cross Drainage and
IRRIGATION CROSSINGS--FLORIDA FARMERS DITCH ENLARGEMENT Fig. 3 Par. 7.3
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
267
WASTEWAY PLAN AND SECTIONS--OSBORNE CANAL, STATION 443+00 Fig. 4 Par. 7.5
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

269
Canals and Related Structures Chap, 7 Cross Drainage and
WASTEWAY INLET DETAILS--OSBORNE CANAL, STATION 443+00 Fig. 5 Par. 7.5
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~~si~~~.f __ : "t'-l'I.,",.3' ~~ ""'"Oil''' "1!tEII ilium Pllo.Jtr;r
sOLOMON -
Dn~ WEIIsrEII' lJNIT-KAN-II,A,
-~ : ! -k"1,K ~ OS80"N! CANAL- STA......,+00
WASTEWAY
INL~T Of;TAILS
, ;:..:" C/sor _._..''!!'''!'!-._.
~~-5pl;,'" ac;'''" t 4"=:YJ," .,.j \-0-6" ..... "0:0__ .••.. . •... If-=.. ""~,,~~,,
/;1-'
srCTIDN
\\..~:~t~'5 ~oP' A-A S~CTION D-D ELeVATION H-H SEC TJOH ·III-M
_o:c.~ fA'>JIl
00:"" ••• "O~<),lI.. OO.
.. _ow~
_ . U, II,.a
eNOl
T.-
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
27'
Can2-1s Clr:Q Selated Structures Chap. 7 Cross Drainage and
TYPICAL LOW-HEAD SIPHON SPILLWAY--DESIGN DATA Fig. 6 Par. 7.5C
Slp~on breolotr-
f .. ~ iI r~
Lower bend-·-- -'~~-,~-p~-;n~Qd~-:;-~~~~~';~~-~-\, '
A;rjropslot~loped "'\..u,- . --0-..'--.--.__-.'. _~ ..- D
toward veM __ .. _ .-
ou~dc tiT>
SUBMERGED OUTLET
~bQ SLOPED OUTLET CHANNELS
(SLOPE STEEP(~ fHAN CRlT ICAl)
DEPRESSED OUTLET
TYPICAL LOW-HEAD SIPHON SPILLWAY
(r.4o~;mum ~eocl" 01mosph,ric pressure eQuivalent 01 slle)
REFERENCES
DESIGN DATA "Design of A Hi~rI-+lelld Siphon SPillllllyK by Elmer R()Ct
C;·CDnqH ii: 1l';:~2~ Ilo',!e ~= (Vorte.frc,,'·-Molql SIPHON SPILLWAY COEFFICIENTS OF DISCHARGE ASCE rr(Jnsacllons, VoIlO:>, Page 1050
QoCub,cf1persec "erft ofcresr ..'d'h h.Almosphe"c pressure 01 sde ,n 11 oflloter VA~UU(Jf' crOllUSlI: 'III lQI,It.T'OIOI"·CDViiii", "4 Study af Lo.-Heed Siph(Jns' by TG. O..en-1939
Rc:cRod'LlS ofcreslotlnrootmft. H=(Hodoble head = (See outJe1delails.1 Curves Msedonfollollingassumed losses: USB R. Doto I)" Mad,1 Tests, WostewaJ No2 (Ydir\110
Rs ~ RcaiLIs of s~mr!l,1 ot rOroar ,~ r' Pr oJectJ'942
C ~ 0, scrlar C;e coef fie,enl basel! on ! and !!! [nlronce. .• 02nv-----rsrPliijnTh"i'00l) AS CE, Tronsoct,anS,-r934,Page961i
D~ T.~ rO!Jf ~ iit in ft 9=3216 0 0 Friction (~fl _.•.•. _. 025 hv " ..
d" Oepthaf.olercloufletlnft A. seE. TronSacl,ons, 1939, Po~e I 789
~_' __ (§~'2~) __ .O.42hv- " "Siphon Spillwoys" by A.H. 'loylor-1935
~~~- Oullel l]~Vne:::~?n~-.-_ ~~: __ ~.?2 ~~; \~~ ~: ~~rt~:t ~~: ~: ~~:~~~: RECOMMENDED DESIGN PROCEDURE
~S~~O~_=+ -==~=:~]i~~ :__ ~==:-=::::r ._._~[ASONS_. , I REIIARK!! I Determine cre5r Elevution.(Canal wS [L.~ Freeboard desiredJI
g 2. DefermiM~el'ld avollallle(creslEL-wsn aloulI,f]
'. A. *ell.,.roport,o.nl"d Ir~.n~d'o. ".rrCV...'dm . 0 ',!ral!.".'.UY I.p.nlv'd~s. '.'.'.~ler.'..tln9 velocity . '.ntronce loss fDr form
Upper leg _ ' . : oreo. •. hOUld. be. '''.'.I,me,
~~~I~~~~n~f~~~Olrtlrn;~: •. .... Reduces .'.".tr(l.".. losses
~e .1 ~h~~nhV5Ug".".'d " J s~~~~:r~i~~~fl~.;J~~~~~:/~;~:~St~g: Wi mO~Q
llepem;; upon requ,~ed -~opac"1' Recommended rolla: 'l'etps bl'M losses 1011 w;;;-cres;sa;:;(1--
Thrllcl ofR~ 10 0 's 2.~ for formlno .,trl timber 0 IS :2~O· : shallow depills reduce 4. Select ~lllues of d ond H and .;Jain volue ofCfrol'll graph
--rile m,n.i metol forms 'eft ,n ploce may be used for less
_ _ ' lhon2'·O~Recom~nd!.d.!:~1!,~~_roo1:~~
I
· .• _ _ ~_. i
priming time Sol\IEequ01ionll"CD~.(Qmustn4ltbegreaftrthan
5 s+:~;~i~~;~~~~:~r;~;i~~~:t riJ~fhc~~:td~~~~~~d Q
Upper ber,~ R~~:~:;~;dc.~:~'~ ~P:~v':n~,':e~'i~ 5~~;:~1~~, ~~O:n':cSt~1 • K~~~~p'b~~~~O~~~nSgli~; 1~lcO::s~eventsl A~:~~~ b~~:isa~~me i for Ih,s crest *ldfrl
_ I slot to summ,t ~~ .. _+J'!,!!.!"~es_ncp.~,l~oJecl.orJ __ ------1-_a.!...~~eo (II tl'lroa 6. Repeot (3) and 141 unfit q"CO ~ ~ RC~JL0get
PC '5 set to contoctnoppe pc,s 0 po,ntontrOjeclorJ of : Prov,des seal ondi!lMusts 0" : Vent decreases 7 Select priming head b)' delerm,nmllthe canol .S.fLot
f,.,m d.eSI"'.. '."m'".'

....",od at ".".•..' ,.eo:.
io~~~e0~~r~}i1~~:rrJ~:;:de~nIrr~J~~t~~ h~~~~sp~i.s Iholl ¥
Lo*er bend
I
R~~~~~:~~:~I~~:I~S
nappe as d.eterml".".~!R~t'~I~v~~,~n5 O~~I~~,s~o~~~~t
AI~er;i~~de~e:i~i'~~ ~~~ev~re'~~ ~:~~~~th~:~00~~~u~4e
:'.I from upper
I
b~."d' prO~lde..'. Vent
~~e':t~oe:S~:;t~:ld~~~~~:~S
~~~i,~~~i/~~t;~'~n,~~rt~~~~ I
prlm,ng ',me
I: priming rleadIncreases
sllghll)' ..
l--
i,:=~=~~rc-~q-;~1 a Determine SIll! ond In lei ELofS,p.honbrea.er
(Areo ofs,phon breo.er ~ Area of ~rprlDn 1hroot -;- 24)
9 Seleclonddes,gn priming OjdStD IH!used (SIOlto oerote
nllPpe,Venttaequalizepressureollowecndbelo",noppe,
(lndvenfotlo"'erbendj.
f------';~o"'~~~""'Pt''':n·~ sit~deSl,"d-.elE.Oi'.'-; -L;;glh of tube 1511.'1 pro.Y'lleS
by e"JO'ongle of divergence ',en! o~lIet set otJ d,schor~e
,..,,"sjtlon rncreas;,.~ .1 DtSChorg-;l;s~-
rformShOlln suggesled
of outlet ot mill ccpoc,ty
depl~ (:!:]
:E~;ti;:~~~~:~~7;~,~~;:~%f;' ;;t~- 1~:;:::';~:::~'.~t~;:t1::;;;' .•. 1f::~~::~~b':~.~1

as 0.2 JJ. ~v
1 D~T"l:I'T~"'E,
.. r~",,,,,
...II£A.. ""AEl'V.....""...
Si~~~~~ l-lf~~I~P~:~~'~-i~:Ueb~~~ghe~OC;t~:~~;~:{e~I:,t:~~era~U~cwlli p~~;:n~:'~:p;~I~:~fDfiii~~~rb~~'a~es ~- - --- - - - - -

DESIGN OArA
'lale' Design recommendotions 9,ven above ore presurnecl ,10 ',!iye m,nimum losses occording ta hperimenl$ Deviation TYPICAL LOW-HEAD SIPHON SPILLWAY
Ibe-dram should'llclude cons,derot,on ofodo;lit,onoltoultS
D
....'__ ~c~_·, _._-".~~:::~.: ..!.O~~:~:-i:f_~~.- ... _
VALUES OF.t A~HD •• DC __ ~ ~__
D
D.Si •• ~.COlOU~O ,ud 's..... i 103-0-48
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

273
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 8 Pipe Distribution Systems
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph
8. 1 Introduction
8. 2 Open or Limited Pressure System
8. 2A Operational Requirements
8. 3 Closed or Full Pressure System
8.3A Operational Control in Open Pipe Systems
8. 4 Field Data Required for Design
8.4A Headgate Diversion Requirements
8.4B Farm Delivery Capacities
8. 4C Farm Delivery Heads
8.5 Type of Pipe
8. 5A Unreinforced Concrete Irrigation Pipe
8.5B Concrete Pressure Pipe
8. 5C Other Concrete and Steel Pipe
8. 5D Asbestos-cement Pipe
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
275
Chap. 8 Pipe Distribution Systems C8.IJals and Related Structures
LIST Or FIGURES
1 Typical Pipe Stands 8. 2 103-D-1065
2 Horizontal Line Meter Installations--
Shafter- Wasco Irriqation District--
Friant-Kern Canal Distribution Systems 8.3 214-D-19801
3 Vertical Flow Meter Stand, Installation
Type T--Unit I Extension, Southern
San Joaquin Municipal Utility District--
Friant-Kern Canal Distribution Systems 8.3 214-D-19527
4 Delivery Installations, Types A-I, A-2,
A-3, A-4, and A -5-- Westlands Water
District Distribution System 8.4 103-D-1068
5 Delivery Installations--Colusa County
Water District, Unit IB 8.4 103-D-1066
6 Typical Deliveries From 4- Inch Outlets 8.4 103-D-1067
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
276
Canals and Related Str1.<ctures Chap. 8 Pipe Distribution Systems
8. 1
.1 In pipe distribution systems, buried closed conduits are used for conveyance INTRODUCTION
of irrigation water to the delivery point on the farmer's land. Normally,
pipelines are placed adjacent to roads and may be installed both up and down
slope if the pipe can be kept below the hydraulic gradient. There is no neces-
sity to contour as in the case of a canal. Hydraulic head sufficient to serve
farm deliveries, including friction loss in farm laterals, is carried in the
pipeline as pressure head. Each delivery is usually provided with a meter
for measuring the rate of flow and for totalizing the amount of water delivered.
Design criteria for individual open (or limited pressure) and closed (or full
pressure) systems have been developed. Either may be adapted to use for
pump or gravity service areas.
The closed (or full pressure) system may be one of two types. One type gives
the farmer only a few feet of head so he can put in a pressure pipe system or
an open ditch system to distribute water on his land. The other type assures
the farmer sufficient head (78 feet or more) to distribute water on the land by
sprinklers.
General structural and hydraulic design criteria relating to pipe distribution
systems are given in Chapter 2. In the structural drawings selected for illus-
tration, there may be instances in which current design practices differ in
some respects from those illustrated .
. 2 The open or limited pressure system utilizes low-head pipe with open baffle OPEN OR
or gate-controlled stands located at irregular intervals along the pipeline LIMITED
(see Figure 1). Equal spacing of stands may cause serious line surges at PRESSURE
partial capacity flow. The baffle serves the same purpose as a check and SYSTEM
its top elevation should be set so that static water level will provide suffi-
cient head to all farm deliveries between the stand and the next upstream
baffle when the reach is operating at Zero flow beyond the baffle. The top of
the stand should be set to provide minimum freeboard above water surface
for maximum design capacity flowing over the baffle as a weir. The weir
may operate either submerged or free fall; however, the latter condition may
result in considerable air entrainment and thus require air vents from the
pipeline. All pipe is designed to withstand the head measured from the hy-
draulic gradient (for maximum demand) to the centerline of the pipeline, and
is sized to provide full water supply to the farm units. To limit pressure on
delivery valves, to permit the use of low-head pipe, and to make the stands
more accessible and less costly, the baffle height is usually limited to less
than 20 feet. This type system should only be used when a closed or full
pressure system is not practical.
A. Operational control for an open pipe system must be from the head of Operational
each lateral, branch line, and farm delivery. Care must be exercised, Control in
in making changes in demand on the system, to prevent overtopping of Open Pipe
stands or waste through overflows installed in the stands. Meters and System
throttling valves should be placed at the heads of all laterals, sublater-
als, and farm deliveries, to enable the operators to perform the neces-
sary regulation. Pipe subject to freezing must be drained during the
nonoperating season. Wasteways are usually required at or near the end
of each line.
.3 The closed or full pressure system uses medium- to high-head pipe, depend- CLOSED
ing on the topography and the farm delivery head required. Normally, closed OR FULL
systems operate from the water surface elevation occurring at the intake of PRESSURE
the distribution network or from a head created by pumping. All pipe is de- SYSTEM
signed to withstand pressures measured from the static head at the intake
plus adequate allowances for water hammer that results from valve closures.
Where topography is steeply sloping, it may be economical to install pressure-
reducing valves or a water surface controlled open tank in the main lines to
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
277
Chap. 8 Pipe Distribution Systems Canals and Related Structures
8.3A
CLOSED drop the hydraulic gradients. If pressure regulators are used, the downhill
OR FULL system must have some type of protection such as a relief valve to protect
PRESSURE the lower system from regulator valve malfunction. An overflow must be
SYSTEM provided from the open tank to bypass the flow into a natural watercourse or
(Cont'd. ) into the discharge line downstream in the event the tank controls fail to oper-
ate properly. Failure to provide this protection may result in bursting of the
pipe. Pipelines are sized to provide for the total governing farm deliveries
during periods of maximum demand.
Operational A. Operational control for a closed system is exercised at the individaul
Require- farm delivery, where flow is adjusted by means of a throttling valve.
ments Since the drop in head across this regulating valve may be appreciable
when a delivery is operated during periods of minimum system demand,
cavitation will result below the valve unless some type of protection is
prOVided. Figures 2 and 3 show installations that have proved success-
ful for differential heads up to 100 feet across the valve. Valve adjust-
ments on farm deliveries should be made slowly so that excessive
pressure surges in the lateral pipe system will be avoided. In general,
the closed system is easier to operate and requires fewer operators than
the open system. For deliveries or sublaterals in a pipe system provid-
ing sprinkler pressures, pressure reducing valves may be installed
where the line pressure at the delivery exceeds 100 pounds per square
inch under maximum operating heads.
FIELD .4 Field data required for the design of a pipe distribution system are much the
DATA same as for an open lateral system. Other design considerations are given
REQUIRED in the following paragraphs.
FOR DESIGN
Headgate A. System headgate diversion requirements should be computed as for an
Diversion open canal and lateral sy"stem, except that:
Requirements
(1) Water transmission losses are small and are negligible compared
to those in an open canal.
(2) In a given area, net acreages to be irrigated by a pipe distribution
system will be greater than those for an open lateral system by the
portion of the farm ownerships normally deducted for canal and lat-
eral rights-of-way.
Farm B. Farm delivery capacity requirement of a pipe system is computed the
D:"livery same as for a canal system because each must furnish the turnout the
Capacities required amount of water during the period of maximum system demand.
(l) The minimum theoretical pipeline capacity must deliver farm head-
gate requirements with continuous 24-hour operation of the turnout
throughout the maximum demand period. In order to reduce farm
labor costs, it is customary (where the soil infiltration rates permit)
to select the farm delivery capacity so as to deliver full requirements
to several farmers on a turn or "rotation" basis. Criteria developed
on this basis usually employ a "sliding" time requirement scale so
that small acreages require less time per irrigation than larger hold-
ings. Details of the farm delivery rotation plan should be worked out
in cooperation with irrigation district officials or with an irrigation
agronomist.
(2) The construction cost increases more rapidly for pipe systems than
for open laterals when the capacity increases; therefore, the rotation
phn for deliveries is used more extensively than demand irrigation
for pipe distribution systems.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
278
Canclls and Related Structures Chap. 8 Pipe Distribution Systems
TYPICAL PIPE STANDS Ftg. 1 Par. 8.2
MJIl,_ top tI~.oM" h

$l1li.11 0/1 prof,1#
PruuSI rt,n(orc~d .\ rtqu/lrd See

~/.·' . P.:::: ::..:;',.:":::.::;.~!';,.' profde
.'''"'
~n ,,,~M 'M" r De/oil!
.•..•is'':. '()()I'"Q ....
?;"~;: ~~.'.'~": ,:'::'~;;:'."",,,
;":::.:':::~:;,,, ,~..",." . . -i I I (C·'
••,,'''' -
I
:""""""", '"'-r."·
:.!s"",pror"t ..
.t:t._ ....~ !emtNm()(rOr .. __
s,~,,£t;.·:;:;:~ ~ (r/':'?-~"''''' /,
.~:_ ~m •
"'. aid/rultd 1"
~ ~~_tI. ,!:lor~lHI/
r '/r·;r~-:-"-:~~~:-\,\, .im~""
, i /O'~OI y~ I' ~ , {La/eral
;t -- "' ,- ." d.. . . . t;>- .... I j' -
'~A ,.'j'. .L~:"'~: ,~'.. .I.f,' -,,; f

DETAIL A ' , ' .(
__ ~:} ~+ 'i la'erol I
I -=r---- ~
r.rdd,rtdfd,.- .::::::::', -~: - -~StriKt"rt III ,- _. ToPtfd,j,rerltdH--:-r-;j, (JoHl,- - - -' 'hT""""""" i ..'
S«"..,,,,: -vr' ril.'."""""""«' c
. . . I ). ,,'
CO"".:., ,,",w ,",".':';.:;," ,r.,,, ,.... "m... SH'ro''''.' .•
: :: ':. ""f"'" OD"",."j·c" <y-:
~~. ",.~ ":;~.~; " .,: .rSJi
,."':~~,~" --- ~~ ~-T-""
L .l. _ u_ DETAIL 8 I .-=~, "RS~c::.~·""", I " ~~.;.;..../. ... " ' '''!'''". ForCDIIf1{'
~/1",~",',~_, ,",
{DIKltorlJ~ PIli•
,(r,q~,arl.-'- .. _
~ 8 • t" ~
L
.';:;.~;: .:~". c~," J')C0~i?"
i:lJ<lClIor~pl~t frN~,r~" -j-
..j-." -
~8 II I!I
/)~~Il~ t t ~ --.-
~G·_ I: _G_:
",'~ 01/ , I "".......
tY<;Uf"l'llllMr~5P
'(}fI(rtl::'~~ J
,.UN .f,~r~~~OQht>q .-1. ~ If ':For51~t>;jd~~:l~Ir;~~·~t>;~~!~~~-.~@~2· -' r:::./':=f'~t 1
PIP. STAND A
PIP' STAND. ,,'<..'1'
t'-"'
l ~ -1~
_J.t,.L-M
r'~~"-' PrO"'H J"ltIn c"""r~', tJ~d,"'1
-~',
".. ~~~ "', "
J~S""',"."·.~·,"",,,,,",.,,~,,,
(i)<".S"""",.o'.,',",""""~"~" SECTION D-D
tit
:~
SECTION E-E
J ... ~._ ,/ ... ItIrY'lar COOl f prKOSr OaftS ort "S~d rSfn,o~ D-D ~'.'t'RI {,.~"t:L;I:"'~:Ti:f .10,,,,
~ FOOTING DETAIL
Um,mum lop tlt.al,em

.""wn an prQfI~
P't(Ollc.",forcttJ
(Or>rftlrf"~
8offl" ~It.ct,(}~ Barflerle-ot,on

~hO .. ~ on prof,l. lOQ_OOllfVOf,lp_
Baffle plon.5 II) b~

morl~r"d ,n piau
, I .=,-:~ I- -:.... -I .,...'";~~':~OD.f

','"
--1+th ~~'~)~'" um ",., "
NOTES
COfIcrmdtSIf'I.u,,,'prffllSf«Nrcrtl' • • .,,IfIIOIf,
=1t"---~:"rI:::~Go!',,:c~ "'~ compr,ss,., slr,"fIII of JOO(l ]XNIItJ".r sqwr'f I~,II
e
Up #/1 WI 2~ of ~Nm D#W.'u .....1I.
M . . . ."
""004'.. 1--
~~:" It" I . woI/ . ... a.I1trlf trf 1(11"""
tllll:~~ J~::: ~romMJ;:::,ftf,:::::':: i"
F,rmlyPQCltfiJ ,"'&O-ltrprt'MI
""'.,, II mortor concf?r.p,pt tllr::ri~::'1o/P';:"ttII'!f't$ i-o· ",;"i_ ClWW'. lo"I"'" illlWYiu
CUWCllOlljOlfJff.p,prtltft /(If'rtIf'flrts
Fat'""'~ ft,
11
i ~~~7~~:"fJI~~:o:;:r:"9·hr:; ~S:.=
rodarollltrSflJ/lItfllUlldtlr,Ollclllll1lfi(JflfOrflltClJUttlff't/1
.'•
"'--k DytJ~ D.' .1' ' , . ' 'J
~"~-'.J.
.I,
-Plom~r,'"
.;~- 0'0 pr,,051 ronO'1" P'P'
-~~.~v..--:J.e~__ ~~_-::_UOr/or ,()QI (1,,,......... 11' ......., _

IIN"C"""'"
SHFwtWlf • _,MJ",_n_lIT_
0110""--' •• ~.; . •<::j'·5l',FoolmgDt1f111
.~~~_-~_~_j_-S:f::::'~/
~*~_ ;~~;::-T:- f
COMr,I, 1wrH,,. Cmc:r",tiMtJmg
secTION A-A SECTfON .-,. SECTION c-c Tr~'C.L ,.,,.£ ST."'D~

15t'.,0...'-.·51." .... '
Ow . . .· n U
__~!'"t. . . <~_ ..........
::::::."~",.-,"- _::::::~~~:~1..,itTh;_D_I065
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
2!Q
HORIZONTAL LINE METER INSTALLATIONS--SHAFTER-WASCO IRRIGATION DISTRICT-- Fig. 2 Par. 8.3

FRIANT-KERN CANAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
,_-I !tLrrlllmel"
( (Pi",_f-TY1MA--:;';;
A L ~~-t
"-PI,,, verrl~Tl~A
~:t:~;t~~:t':: ~~~~ :::::t------ For de/oilS oI,t1sfolfqtl(Jll,ue 214 4 0-/'}T"T DEl f:7~!!/!-,",N. A}elSto.o~.OO
--f\i~~~_~~~
n:.dfl~:~~.~:~-s: ~.-, " II Fordlltoils"firr/lIl1IJcmp~ mC"~~'-{ ~- ---7:s",ur:e~:'=~fIOk~Pron twJ Profile.

"JAmJrllOlsh"WIl " toPtr. SlIt 21"-o-l~1~i
I-$to. 12." T~ '<(J('2~~~~~,}'::/ s"U", met",. futw------
T~l2"trJ~r" :' '·[!327.5,1 ---{;~: ;~:J: ,rJ2'HC75
~S'a"","" "-:: HHiI:~. ~
•. ••+- .:,"" (r-5t073'"18
·12-SloS2·S208
;~~:'~r'··~ ,/:. :~CoI: .•
.~.: , ~~~
' ~ TI1p1tr IS' to 12"
F«"""''''0011o<.",.0,--,__ . , ""'1-
(J{I/jbcaflt1tl,_2f'-O-I'}1"""
2i ' - " ; ' ; '
'.:>I='~":"'--J""---- ---t"Id'--":'\ 0<- ,,'·0 ----';
?ic'~.~:~,ail' Ptwidl gou.f ,.51Hv, fyptI ewpI-
·[IJJIWJ
o-p- :' iltg nd shown
F~::~~Jt~l~f~:=t8214_tr"14!j/~----l.'rtt~tllrlube __ ..: \_~~:~~~h4Je": '"<--- -- Lm~ 1IlII~8r tubf.,----- -.....: t
1'!1'" _.u , .1
S£CTION A-A
• ,i." l. "i, s,:;{.::"::"".. ,

f:',:'l:W".':'!f,:"IiM !6'OO""":::!:;!:If;;'
m~t.rfUbtl~ __ .. ,. ~"'":;'~ffi"'" B
S/",·","w:
'.: ,•• '--
,"'~
C:;':';::""'W'"'''''' --,,_.
'0;:;::':;;;"":::",,,,",,,,,,.,,, ':,7,;,':.,/",,,,,,
.,~~.;~.'~:':':':....-"': 1 . '~I"::"~"o ~ .'• • -'".:;;c.•••• ~ •• _'""
NOTE~JaI""""H __""
.•
L~~I-'- JC
C ".'
liM.
~~:I,$1If -if. --1--. ~~ "'. - •• "t::::':;"".."..
-_. "., ., ....., ",' '"----":::
,., - - ' ' ' .L ,,»,,..:
..
:....,,,-
"~~::'-.,. ':'::"=::._.,
PLAN ..'., '"';;;." , '--""--"
DH,/Jr'-'''S-'6S'O'''' , . ' . _•• ,- _
MGrfarMeI
""1;;(5."" - " -
._••- - _ _ . .
~~'''''''""'"""":.-:.~ 'I' roCo ' ... ,ro.,,,-.,,,,
LtIlil':'1f FIJfJrxotlon of IJflLotIJr.2-LIS"",6S .
--',7 __:>0 cOIl/lfJcf,t1tl s"""o, [
'.~il:
- ;.~
.;-L,
~" '~I.",.'." '"'.•••
,'. "" "'=",.,:::,,,-, <ow
~:~J-,.r ...•• ~,~'i
. ~.'
';' V,;~...· '" __ .~;;.~..-:....
LoIm,'",:" I OETAIL E
="::: ., _ ... >
Iff: lIICTCIt lI'elt 'IlISTALtAT
Pa'W'd"dt~;~~ICAL ~Ieel f~;g:;,.l rtoOplalt
-.·Co~er IlOt S/l(>lI'n
"
r,relorar:;r::~~'
i::''';'I:~;~::::':''''''i,LJ
l
dr:.'!ldforl""h9h • , II frxfJd
Pressure goqemstol/otiOtl
fIOfstlOWIlFor"P"setti/lf}OO Iyplt f/Q~ "5tr~~ ~;~:',' :;-/;:':r:t:~2S"1l.5A templafB
!I09f!,SH Pion of PIOfIood Prof'la ,..{ GIWvt! ~~~':c:~/$~f~r-''f';''''''''-f
DETAIL B
QCI'IO{frxlO"meter_,,\ "I ,---Lmemflertube
:-!;;..- ,.{,-=
Difl"" ""-, v-""~.'
-~ ,-15"/rriq"tl«l pipe
S~CTlON B-B G I~' 6'-. -d-}. / oF
(J~~."-,-,.~ .. T ",E ,,,rE_
:....---.··2·- ,... J"6"-- L1, 7 "-j . ~.·I . '<! '""EA" OF"ECL ...",TlO"
CCNT"AL VALLe"" PItOJCCT-CALIFOffNIA
~-·---·LJn'lNt,rlube-----·~ 11 r
t--:-s- 1 .!-_ __ --Ig"·---_"OCo FRIANT-KeRN CA/tl.AL Dt$rftltlUTION ~Y~TCM~
1-1 :" i
~ DETAIL D SHAFTER-WASCO IRR'GATION O'STR'CT
SECTION C-C
HORIZONTAL UNE METER INSTALLATION~
; : ., . f;:i :~'/:~i~u:n' '~~ __ .t
10.... __ .". m_.~.,n A!f.~
DETAIL C
::'::.~:i.?.~~~~=:~:~~&:~~:
DS-3- 5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/6ll
281
VEHTICAL FLOW METER STAND, INSTALLATION TYPE T--UNIT 1 EXTENSION, Fig. 3 Par. 8.3
SOCTHERN SAN JOAQUIN MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT--
FRIANT-KERN CANAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
____21" OD. plat, ~f'" fltmlJ1,faud1 drilftdQttt/

lapP8dfor sfrJds OIl COflCf!flfr,cbor'for
~ I ,"gate YQlve flUl'lf', and faud and drillld
forl."-1i9httyp,ff}{"lJ'dsl"lfllJfIiJ'
/+
===it
.~~ L=::"~'''''''
. ~- :c-=-~--=-:::-.~ prpe os d,reeled ~-"
A -~I
, - fJj (If: :::'fet,~ang6
=---=-= __ J_
D' ' L,' ,~' __ .~ _-------J _L .._ _
,
-+--Gooer," blOCks tJr tJffl,r suifabl, 10 Goge---
5pf1CfIrs may be ussd sa that coner,t,
t1t e(M I1e poured in ont stlJf}' .lIert
UWrNed tlt the contracting officer
/-7(;(J9/I
P l A N
___J.-_Iightlyp, f~d~fHlfJI1N/' 'oeM
12-1" 8olt'S, c und drilled to 12S· ASA_ tlrnp/aff
",' ,
. . sfratkJl,,,,,ttr--··-
1"Min.~_~4-1"Mi"
DETAIL A
Meter nor !-~i\ -: - ----,1 -«1C
~ij Mortar-_,
weir elevatio~ fur al/frnoliv, drive-pin
s/lownon connection to CQ1I(;r,Ie pipe ---"-tlr fUN
:>ftZI4-D-I'J526OetoiIA ~ _-__ , '_-_-__
~C-.[ /.ti"'''I,:~~::fit ..,IHdsHIII
-,l J McrtrJr------ - . , :' ' : '",: _- --Mortar
J6"OiQ, precast concrete p,pe sL4J l\llo S
AlttrnQriveinstollation.ith ___1_ : __ _L __ ~ - --~t". MJf
lIe/lQndspigorpi~ Tonque f8011," ,--AsbesfMc8IfIIJItfSllnr fJIfNt
orld 9~oove pip' sfIQ..n --- or pr«:/1""",c","'seHl"p"'.
~ J6"Oia.precost
~
TypeCcallaredja,nf;f >'-J6"Dia. prtCQst concret, pipe CaIC,.,f, p;p8----- I I -J:l \~=s~"=::pfpt
Mi~M of stand requif'l!s
m0f'6 I~an one pipe unit- .,-- C u...,-pi,..
DETAIL B SECTION B-B
ASMS'OS Clnt,n/5e""plp, ()rprecflsl cOllerel, pip, _
co::; ;J~_5:~,~;;,a:_~~I~S,. Re~;i~~':n~f-", ~I~I-~~~~"~--""~:l

Install pr,ssurt gtJgt 8OOrdon IUN Iype',. REFERENCE DRAWINGS
Asbes/os cem,nI S8.erpipe Dr ~ t
",~ere shQfl'n on deli.ery dra",n'lS- TYPlc,aL",anV,aLV£TYP£6Vf .....OTtpr" ..15 ..
PInIJS/ COIIC"f, pifH_
s,,,,, CQNNrCTlQII O£UIL$.. ~ lJ"-O-J.$"'e
r ,- ."'-{D611.d hQI,
r I:lra~s pip/! plU/l-- I¥t£c;,aST COIICfff.TC 1'11'£ JO'NT5 TIft:SE,F,G"H,JUOK 'J"-O-'Nft
f Three "flY sprinfj loorJlH1 -L ~-I" PRrc,aSTCOIlCllrTCP'''C.JOJ1jT-C,aLrt:CO
i _-:: cQ,.,...CTt:COLL,aIl-TV....rc__
!Jrus;_;~~,.ilh femule eoos--~l:i rypefcallrrrtdclo!Ul"e
j()in"trequi,.,d SECTION e-c
TOO ~t~:"i-- ,-£ S"GDf' valre
Of;?;;:9::::r"t'f1!!£'·
cfJPPer
to
)
~ mole f.PT.'- ,
typ,GV6
NOTES
fflstefl roPfHJrfubing.tD ,/ Concrete desil/fl 'lIc,pfpr«ntpip, bam 00 acOl1lpl'flSive
AsD.stcl, "m"'f " ... pipe !/nfliJt/I of JOO() pounds ptrsqJJor, i~h.
concref8 Pipe as rJrrected--
crpr,costCl)ncr,,.. pipe.- R,f" fa d,liv,ry dra.iflt}s f(Jf'JtJCtttion and Iy". of
i"caPPf"r fUlJinq semi vlrrical fJo.. m,IIr stands
~ onneoled.it/radapl()r H
tor conntdilJfllD steel pipe-- L,.. L()cofs20 Dla.f!cl/Jusdlrecled

~ I ProVide temporary rover.
i
I
~o~'~ \0"'" _ u~ .... _ "''"0'' c-< .10..-0
'5econd$t!Jge ; :-Ov
COIICr,t« cENT.. A:~~~l~ff;~j~;r:!~L:a..NIA
-See Detail A :I~.ti- F",ANT-ItE"N CANAl. DISTil/ElUTION !IYST£M5
OfJT~RN SAN JOAOIJ/N MUN/Gtl"AL. UT1L.ITY OtSTlftGT
t-~~-~-'-~ - UNIT / EXTENSIONS
12"to,"TQplr,: Q •
VERTICAl. FLOW METER STAND
,'/- l·rLi-i ~·:t<,"1~Lf---3"Min. 1T~~,.-', ' INSTALLATION TYP£ T
">8·$I~trpecQllpli"9 5e6 Detai' A \ '~6" M;n} -- - MGnoJd~ic CQlICrefe /~~:=-I;_J
.iltlp'pesloprtmOlled >--CDncrffte !pOetr blocks-" coIlar---~-ALTERNATIVE 12" STEEL PIPE CONNECT/ON
(F()f"UH ..her, ucti/1flQliling
SECTION A-A va/v, is nofrequirr</)
::~~;~:;~:~'~~~9~l~~
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
28.1
DEliVERY INSTALl ATTONS, TYPES A-l, A-2, A-3, A-4, AND A-5--WESTLANDS WATER DISTRICT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Fig. 4 Par. 8.4
-Prnl'loN"djllltatllto,,'.' tlotfor."h'l!'I'Z''''oan4ltss
~ for ~tOrl!'4 ,cloIs '4d'o, olld I"rg,r. pra.,n prteasr
·-X{ItIJnI" pr~ ... 11
··CndafIOf,r<JI amJ Hation as lll"",n
~prafil. af Plan OIld Prafllf dralfill,!
"'ZlIfd""qutlltod'" r ,·Flof!9lf01IlaIodot/f"r
"fG ...,,,,,f,rol.. ·.
II
r•• fyp.C, S'U aM ,..i
", .<~. L'B~"" Itt.~: C (/JUt/1i",i.,... .,....... sf~t,a~ a. s~a,"" aB '1
pat.!, "'PIoB ...11 ~OItTli"l! of .nl., IxJr
''flH cOlJ P) Jn 9 Prof'l~ "r.""Bgs" ACCaupllll'
~ . . """.. ".,,~<@B
i .hc~'
"7:'bI~~1
feD UL {~._:_~ L __ -:: ~~ - ~~j .-
T:~c'/':: ;; ~:.":~
prflfilrrJfPlfI"alld .,. A'~lst(>S - ct61l!'nt p,p,
Profil,dra";mp_·'· ACClJUtlun9ar·,·..... 'yfJIc<IUp"""
I
'Noll':,' l:%:::·~u:~daPtnr 1- JA L
A -.t
JA af'VlI pate oC!ot PLAN
~LAN DELIVERY TYPE 1a-2
'" i ~L.*
DELIVERY TYPE A-I DELIVERY TYPE A-,J
---x (Mln!
NOlll~, a,o ~qU ..1 to arlJ

af GV9 qat, 001,.
C"tJ afloftraJ """,tatiOll"ssifo",""n ..rry

prQ/il. of Plall Q~d Prof,lf dr"",JntiS "'" I.· 1I"9fl> AlOo1 t~>w CWOIIII,
r~. T,Ot t, Sll,alld

''' ''''''''''''~~
..
. ( : -,;': \
o1.C.ClJ4jpl Jn 9_ -- i', '''--, ,~" tiD" a. ,ha"," all
.~
Prof,I,ofP,'"n,,"" ,
Prof.l,l1root,nq • • A ·'Co"~r'''' collnr Icr
IB" L'"9fIlMOA ItHlnOllll!', ..J - - '
L__:: . . . L..-',II,loppr
Acplp•• arsl"'plPfClS
.~" ~ J _ : <) A
.JA
r.quirPd- • ~- •- (
PLAN
DELIVERy TYPE. ...-,
C"""rrtO'c"llar In,tallot,on for mrn,,,,",,, X-O,s/nOtl ,~o",rr III~U, X MMr I""" m,nJ",um 'S PLAN- TYPE A DELIVERIES
foc lill, 'ap~r- rtQu,r.4.prl]//'O,npCtslnry II"'J'tll of ACp,p. flf d'D .quDllom.tl!'rs,u USING ELBOW WITH STEEL PfPE
L Iwn.H'fI taPir onO ",.ttf Po~t
'~:.~or:~Ir r~
A
..JA
~LAII
D~L'VERY TYPE A-'"

,-ComaIMt'o"",,,SrO,,' flOIll
o .oJo. and m.hr (no~ .11.,.."
-ri-- =-=-.l~ ,~
m pion "."s) (NI/II/.~",ttr8/J$'
~
·-\fal.. and
"at sltow"
met.r
.
~50fJ1fPlbnrs I'lually spand o.fll!'c'
ii tlorsl()cJfar,llKif,z· ..lrtrtrfflUff,d
··O.anaHrau,II... ",rfa<".afeanul!'"
fahmcantllcf ...'thlJl.'UHSl!'
PayliMfor uc",,,fi,,rr atld

blJdf,llforpip,trtllcflfJ Jai"'sfab.fatl"eaTldw,tll
"" appror,d typ~ of C''''l!'n1
ClJlrlpac"dbac.",lgf
Coli",., "'1I"riol
Pro'..dl!'r.",forn",.nl"raund.lbOot
osslt....nfor Mcostl1aJbtsto$
,,_nfpip,b,nds
., . . . . .1 Tlllnll SAfETy
,U ." "T_ TH.
""' " ''''''''''0''
,, ....
.·f C",u.",.", 1'09'11 c.ltr,..1. ..../.... ~r_J~c,.
...-It·,.: ...1f'T'_"t(I,IlQrVtlllfDIIf.-'_ ..... ".-tlAl..II'_
.. ......'u..
"-oForfabnN',Mofflbaw""n wc.sn.u.o.s WATt1'l' Dl6T11flCr-Dl6~noN 6"""'j
-J.lfltDs-.ont,Sn O"a,J A UTlIIALJ
DELIVERY INSTALt.ATIONS
TY~ES A-L A-.r.A~3.. A-'" AND A-5
sweriON .~. EL~VATION A-A O£TAIL A
~, - "00 .,.
t,-",'D
L.-II"ltIm" ,'-(" "at
_ •• - " - . -,,~... ~. ~2, ..... T I IO~ -0-1068
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
2~5
Canals ami Hekted Strudures Chap. 8 Pipe Disiribution Systems
DELIVERY INSTALLATIONS--COLUSA COUNTY WATER DISTRICT, UNIT IE Fig. 5 Par. 8.4
rp[WI'OfS'OIld;,p'8q,.,n . ,
0"" Plan o(Plan ondPrM,lt ..l-...--l-.---
f ~-=~~.
For s'cm<lfyp. A
h·j5'-- __
L"'_""_lIIJt
~._6tN-fHOM
- ·--rt~·~
Jt·O'o~,'
C,,::.~ HoG.S: rOllU,r"".
.. {_~rteo~ rT,(}t 8 fttl
--------~~;,;-~---l~;---~ --;\- --- --- ""'C",-.-;;;- -+'"
I _ I -: I
.,.-I----~~ili--l-----_+L.
fn;y".8.1'/torodllof'''''Sh.,... {...,.".~ .
, . I
I ,,''r#OOOfldI1l,ct/lfp ""pr-ofllfOf Pkln/Vld Prof,~
T.,,,-!. $iff II
_"t... ~
lIIl~f,.,f I SNroff 1 I' OfjtttlPlf1lWl""
,.,.. . . "",f,•. rtnr.IDvIJ
m
fP. A$Ilt$hIf·~r/)f"
11
11
1 '.fOt+IOfJ.
"
/ t., I, fl. i '.. J
- :- _4°Itt,"
L "nostIcr,lI.r
/'
"'PrU5Uffr,ducing ytll'ftond""N
/J£LIVElfr ~"O", nots/ln'njnstllllGtions,miJar
I. T6 .. TYH. to tho~t s/town for slNlrt lind
EXTENDED DELIVERY _. "It/~ D" LAT""AL nt,,,drdd,lirf{';ts
Ar>- For ~ (JIIId "'1ft ~t
,J"PII4I0' //h"". XlJrratrr t/ton lJ' .., 11Iit "'f _ .."".. v-n, *'-ift
- lJ·~In. ~_ 1'-"''''_
':;:,1,"'- " /-cO;V- NOTES

'G_ If(N(Jt&tttllS_fIJ«!m tfttlMl'--rRlSfoIkltl<lfl,tllr{of11lt~
/ '0' I
shlllllIt~ftd~JI'" drsfflnt;r(}('O,o.f,.... fl>tMOd.
I If NIt 11M _tv' ....,t"", nIr",n frwn t~ tff t/trII'tl(Jtl. 51ept
r_-r4"'"
f-»»·""f~-' omlrom_.rr-
n.
t~dtJ'~p1pemf'flfllllN!d
G~ S/IlIf"o~f fill'" 15 tM _ II~ III 1M . " " , . " " Jtf of
,: ""'" ,n...dtp,,,.. (latrral -
i .,,' 11It r~ Typt:fa"J_anI1lltProf'~cf'IJtP!tJtoOfldPrvflle
..-..' .... .•. ~
fOrli ..rystand·,
/J£TAIL A
.!
'.-.' ~:
:; M
\ --~,~-p
...
Prfi.."..~".hlbtmsr~(}fI!NIr""'f5~·P·S&"fintJ
'sso\iMlan PIon" Pllnand f>!'9flf1rkvrtlillOf
F,H""IS. f/tn}t'5. irnt mtltt"S. ~ IlUntlI5-~"'" III t~
T' +-- + C
r--r-- J l '.- , ' drll.",.,5ho11_t11lt_hftJd~fsas~fJttOr~
/1r11lfcIasSJf,ct/!'lQRoftMadj«rtrt"'HflIPlP#,,,,lfss
{"".," ..,1/ rHSllfond .' . • .. ~MclWltfd
5I«YttrPtCQl4ll'~s/lQtlhf1MtP'lMstops~
Al>- ~f': :rP7o':' ' Contrt"dIn'9"._tprwast<:1lal:n"tl'~.
~",,~
IIN/~fllr 5'f"tfI9,II(JfJ.OOOLln_Ptr5qln
A5btsrm-c_' _ ~ .....,.lwM5f,h1ttd for all _t/CDI
Tee TY'~£ J concrrftP/Pl
,'~
(~J'I 01':.;.' ·
~~~--t--~~",.l WITH .LIND ~LANGE
rrun"'v
-l=<..- "E"'E"£1V~£ DlfAWIN"

.G5 TILT,,""' ._•.•••• __ (1
(W'"I I fCMP j I~. TU'......_ _
1" -' JUrn'f!.'OII_'_fT~" _.~,"t.
_.__-'0,....'''.1
rr=-l~ r~t ~~~_~_~_~J~_~~ __~,.- _••-~::~:::_.:=:::::~:
~ PR 'I
JliD'1J =~:::.::~-.:.~ ..:.~it-..,_:::: ~:-::_-:::_._ .. ::~::::=
_,_sr.... _ ......'- III~
Rrg'H".f.rMI/Ofr .....,_.l'l"".,'U"'''r.. ... __ .. __«M- ,...

P,~V .H~ ",~rACLA"(JIi_ _. GCI2'O-IJO.
Mort",. f,lir1
tllltII't1IIfIII
..~,.t.-".ri.~:'~:'..::;l:1:1M:'"
'i~~:-::-:-~~:: ... ,. L_ _'rr"iii tor-.l{dHp MCIt~':l1!f=~~~~~.-L"-1
COLInA CDfJIITY' "'A~. INnttlCr-flMlT'•
j. ("""'",1
.~ DELIVElfY IN.rALLATIOII•
• HOif T DEL tV£"Y
I --_. "~"' .... -
X.1J' .... iru
.·""10'.,,,.., SCt;1"ION A-A ''''--- ...... ""_.-
Ford'_II""tItIII""'."IIf"f....
METE" WELL INSTALLATION
_""'"f'II1ff~''''Y'''''
'03-0-1066
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
287
Canals and Related Str_lctures Chap. 8 PipeJ::Jistribution Systems
TYPICAL DELIVEHIES FROM 4-lliCH OUTLETS Fig. 6 Par. 8.4
fj:D",nf• •Iot!,/I,rqlllr.d (Dr d.linr,

,-r... Cr=5orrtfllafllllvtll"".,_s/01>otlil5,......,on __( (rflIlfUO$JDf/d(Dr$lrQ"IIf,h.odd,llury>_ ,··r~.cnl<' ortMo( lo~r /lfr>!CHldI'OI'(}IIoS ,'-'>00
prIlfi,.afPJu,_Prof,,. ,,- ,olndD(/of"ol.fortUlflrlsofM1C"III.) '
_,,,:"..:- .. lS., profrl~ ()/ Pr"" """ Prafr,.
"'.·..·••·"'·"rH ~ 0.'--'''',
'. '"
ri '. •.",.""""B"~""">
Q)""''''''''''~'' l <'"'.,....
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: ", I : ~::c.:s.:r::'~fbn9'j.; ~ I I \ "\
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...". ....11,.",'.,.. '''O".,fIIII _ _
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toIIfrlltsfWI.os-'-. s.m. J- •.
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------ ---,--- ':-- W-I '.'- -,--~-- .--------..J
.,'Ur,lf, Tr"C .-1 o:II nHt ICAD5 0' J.S rr..t«JU:S5
DIQ.I~'" Tr"f. A -6 ~ RJIf ~CM1S .....m rHM us n. Ul J"6J'.4"125·C.I. RrrJlI~lng,. '~;:""~:~~:::-fIa".. fC~:::n.:~::~c~fI: !a~'~'~::.,~~ ::~:;r'
0* ..... 1"'.. (1 TN '_ _ -~ d,I, ••" of 111#1 flf /Gltrfll Fort/riMI.
CDI1'·" 5er'.'11 fltM~'();; -. tD'.~di"," JH
rldlJClnfJ flang, }
f"crastCflanqe,Of'FIffr#N:(}u'lrtllOZll"S
(l)2,a·CI.x.-flo/l"or,
grNtptltfln ",'"~r~IJ"<i"'l'~af
._'I'oIAJrb.CD/l r~d"cJn9 fiong' j .'. -forftf;~1t1''''D'/tIIIft'o1
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- ~ 12- ",n T","croHortntl(}flatfrCIp'~"a8IJs/l/l_
.... I/SsbnanprafilrafPklllMdProfil#.--· __"'r
-----1-----
fl' [),{, prwasr '(;IlI(TI!'~_
f'SrlJl_P<Pllqolm/l,ulJ)
-<.Ie
PLAN
Op, nm f. n ,0.ftl,18--,_ c""u~". aIOCl''''I'' O£lI~c"r TrPf c-' oJ) FOft ~MIS OF JI' n: .......u
rJ)ltJ·CIS<r,.tdflflfl,.orr.d"c,tlgfiO/19'.'" IJCLIIIC/f'f 1 Tn C -I (fI Ff}#f HEADS 6_101T1f THIJII :UtI FT.
(I\t"'''C/Scf#lJI,dfltl.fll/rfItNC,/IgHon",'"'',-""
iDf'r'oHcl'lfIn!Ir'. "';
NOTE
~-i~--;:"" cl~ p...
C_,..,. aJI,,:._' ""ftoll:l"''''''' .._.
PLAN compr,n'~J~DfJDOO"".,.,. . . . . .
DIS~aV~r;;~C_~-~ '9rtO:C:M~sr..m'7,/:JNSFT
10 (;().""(Ii) ltrfIIJll/tOISlll;wn.Of'DS.... 'os.ctmentPlPt: ~F=,;;,"~~~~:;o'~Wii-f-f P,tr,," qra.,1

,~~~;.'~-
O(J_CiUSflJ(j(JjOctn.fiOrtrrJl~.!"HtOOOPt()f'$41'
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afPloIItlrJdP'rf,1
1/ ,
ptlll
_'''9'kMftlOltlltlnflfl• • •.cfll/./IJI,yeDIICr,,,,-'
blocili..,isreqll'''''·--- -
SECTION A-A
f2"0'1/ pf?Cflst
--- - 1- OmI!Canc~"'~ICKI'%~':;:;'~7.~;' (O/Ic"''''''/I'-

k'" '".""~ I ;~~"~,~,::,;::,; ", _. __
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ri,] ~~"~" =:.:::._,.. "",
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DETAIL A SCCTION 6-11 SECTION a-a TYPICAL O£L1IIE"'E5

........./_·0l~btl_fIt1l1Irof
,"(Jf'crt1SIO"~""tu-'J~ilJfr;QI,. 'ltOM .. - OUTLET
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_....... __._.6... ...., ~ ,u. I 103-0-1067
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
289
8.4C
C. Unless modified by an overall plan of operation adopted by the irrigation Farm
district, farm delivery heads required for a pipe distribution system Delivery
should be as follows: Heads
(1) Where a farm unit is served by an open farm ditch, locate the deliv-
ery at the high point of the land as for a delivery from a canal system.
Provide a minimum net head (after delivery losses have been de-
ducted) sufficient to permit effective flow in the farm ditch. Fre-
quently, minimum net head is assumed to be from 1 to 2 feet above
ground surface at the point of delivery.
(2) Where the farmer's delivery system is to be pipe with gravity out-
lets, the minimum net delivery water surface elevation should be
computed to provide not less than 2 feet above highest ground surface
elevation in the area served plus an appropriate head allowance to
compensate for the friction loss in the farmer's pipelines. A mini-
mum of 5 feet above the adj acent ground surface is frequently
provided.
(3) Where the farmers i.I1tend to utilize sprinkler irrigation, delivery
pressures ranging from 35 to 100 pounds per square inch are gen-
erally desired. 'These pressures may be provided at the farm turn-
out either by gravity or by a pumping plant in the system. However,
when the desired sprinkler pressures are not provided at the farm
turnout, the farmers will have to provide them with their own pump-
ing plants. Open-pit, wet-well-type pumping plants are recommended.
Direct connection of the farmers' pumping plants to the lateral pipe-
lines is not desired as it would require the entire lateral system to
be designed for the water-hammer heads imposed.
Figure 4, is an example of a delivery that requires the farmer to
install an open structure downstream of the combination constant-
flow valve and meter, if he wants to use a booster pump. Figure 5
is an example of a delivery that provides a limited amount of head
(height of delivery stand) to the farmer. If the farmer wants addi-
tional head, he can add a booster pump downstream of the stand.
'The pressure-reducing valve (P. R. V.) before the stand provides
constant head and prevents the water from overflowing the top of the
stand. Figure 6 is an example of a delivery that provides full
sprinkler pressure to the farmer .
.5 The type of pipe used in distribution systems depends on the head, cover, TYPE OF
and local conditions. PIPE
A. Unreinforced concrete pipe with rubber-gasketed joints may be used in Unreinforced
diameters up to 30 inches for heads up to 20 feet. Concrete
Irrigation Pipe
B. Except where the low-head unreinforced concrete pipe previously men- Concrete
tioned is suitable, reinforced concrete pressure pipe with rubber-gasket Pressure
joints is normally used for heads up to 125 feet. Standard designs are Pipe
available for pipe 12 to 108 inches in diameter with pressure heads from
25 to 125 feet. Special designs are usually prepared for concrete pres-
sure pipe larger than 108 inches in diameter.
C. Prestressed pipe, pretensioned pipe, steel pipe, or specially designed Other Concrete
concrete cylinder pipe is normally used when heads exceed the maximum and Steel
allowed for concrete pressure pipe. (Note: Prestressed pipe is concrete Pipe
pipe with spirally wound reinforcement prestressed to produce an initial
compressive stress in the concrete; and pretensioned pipe consists of a
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
291
Chap. 8 Pipe Distribution Systems Canals and Related Structures
8.5D
Other
Concrete steel cylinder wrapped with reinforcement to provide an initial compres-
and Steel sive stress in the cylinder, with a concrete lining and an external con-
Pipe crete coating. )
(Cont'd. )
Asbestos- D. Asbestos-cement pipe is used optionally in sizes 36-inch diameter and
cement smaller, and it may be competitive with ordinary reinforced concrete
Pipe pipe, pre tensioned pipe, prestressed pipe, and steel pipe.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
2LJ2
Canals and Related Structures Chap, 9 Bridges
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Paragraph
9,1 Specifications
9,2 Classes of Bridges
9,3 Alinement and Grades
9.4 Width of Roadways and Loadings
9.4A Temporary Bridges
9.4B Farm Bridges
9.4C Opemting Bridges
9.4D County and Highway Bridges
9.4E Access Bridges
9.4F Railroad Bridges
9,5 General Design Considerations
9. 6 Types of Bridges
TEMPORARY TIMBER BRIDGES

9.7 General
9.8 Material
9.9 Railings
CONCRETE AND STEEL HIGHWAY BRIDGES

9.10 General
9.11 Selection of Type of Bridge
9.11A Simple Concrete Slab Spans
9.11B Continuous Haunched Concrete Slab Spans
9.11C Precast Prestressed Slab Spans With Voids
9.1lD Cast-in-place Concrete Beam Spans
9.11E Rulled Steel Beam Spans
9.11F Prestressed or Post-tensioned Beams
9.1lG Plate Girder Spans
9.1lH Truss and Arch Spans
9.11-1 Rigid Frame Spans
9.12 General
9. 13 Selection of Type of Bridge
9.13A Rolled Steel Beam Spans
9.13B Steel Girder Spans
9.13C Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Spans
9.13D Truss Spans
9.13E Reinforced Concrete Trestle Spans
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293
Chap. 9 Bridges Canals and Related Structures
LIST OF FIGURES
1 Heavy Equipment Loading Diagrams 9.4C 103-D-230
2 Temporary Timber Bridges--Floor,
Stringers, and Bents 9.7 103-D-23
3 County Highway Bridge--Slab, Beams,
Abutments, Piers--Delta-Mendota
Canal 9.11 214-D-15334
4 County Road Bridges--Slab, Abut-
ments, Pier--Tehama-Colusa
Canal, Reach 2 9. 11A 602-D-960
5 County Road Bridges--Plan, Eleva-
tion, Sections--Tehama-Colusa
Canal, Reach 2 9. 11A 602-D-959
6 County Road Bridges--Plan, Eleva-
tion, Sections--Sherman Feeder
Canal 9.11B 707-D-195
7 Concrete Bridges--Plan, Elevation,
Sections--Extension of Welton-
Mohawk Main Outlet Drain 9.lIC 998-D-35
8 Farm Bridge--Tehama-Colusa
Canal, Reach 2 9. llC 602-D-9n
9 State Highway Bridge--Plan, Eleva-
tion, Sections-- Wahluke Branch
Canal 9.11D 222-D-21764
10 State Highway Bridge--Plan, Eleva-
tion, Sections--Feeder Canal,
Columbia Basin 9. 11D 222-D-13713
11 Bridge Across Lind Coulee--Plan,
Elevation, Sections--O'Sullivan
Dam-Moses Lake Connection 9.11E 222-D-14366
12 Spillway Channel Bridge--Plan,
Elevation, Sections--Kirwin Dam,
County Road Relocation 9.11E 371-D-237
13 Putah Creek Bridge--General Plan
and Elevation--Relocation State
Highway No. 28, California 9. 11F 413-D-30
14 Derrick Avenue Bridge--Plan,
Elevation, Sections--San Luis Canal 9.11F 805-D-2449
15 Fresno-Coalinga Read Bridge--Plan,
Elevation, Sections--San Luis Canal 9. 11F 805-D-2744
16 Trashrack Structure Access Bridge--
Plan, Elevation, Sections--San Luis
Dam 9.11G 805-D-250
17 Solomon River Bridge--Plan, Eleva-
tion, Sections--Mitchell County
Highway C-705 Relocation, Kansas 9.11G 495-D-347
18 Trinity River Bridge--Plan, Eleva-
tion, Sections--Trinity County Road o
Relocation Carrville to Cedar Creek 9. 11G 416-D-484
19 Spillway Bridge--Plan, Elevation,
Slab, Railing--Cedar Bluff Dam 9. 11H 372-D-186
20 Intake Structure Access Bridge--
Plan, Elevation, Sections--
S8.nford Dam, River Outlet Works 9. lIB 662-D-40
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294
Ccmals and Related Stru2tures Chap. 9 Bridges
LIST OF F1GURES--Continued
21 Glen Canyon Bridge--General Plan
and Elevation--Glen Canyon Dam 9. 11H 557-D-43
22 Waterholes Canyon Bridge--General
Plan and Elevation--Glen Canyon
Dam Access Highway 9.11-1 557-D-25
23 Northern Pacific Railroad Bridge--
Plan, Elevation, Sections--East
Low Canal 9.l3A 222-D-16611
24 C. M. St. P. and P. Railroad Bridge--
Plan, Elevation, Deck--East Low
Canal 9.l3A 222-D-16614
25 Northern Pacific Railroad Bridge--
Plan, Elevation, Sections--East
Low Canal, Rocky Coulee Wasteway 9.13B 222- D-1394 7
26 Union Pacific Railroad Relocation,
Red Rock River Bridge--Plan, Ele-
vation, Abutments--East Bench Unit 9.13B 699-D-6
27 Union Pacific Railroad Relocation,
Red Rock River Bridge--Steel Plan,
Girders, Deck--East Benc,h Unit 9.13B 699-D-7
28 Relocation C. B. &Q. Railroad, Bridge
Mile 318. 41--Plan, Elevation, Sec-
tions--Boysen Unit 9. 13B 285-D-152
29 Relocation C. R. 1. &P. Railroad,
Bridge 3274--Plan, Elevation,
Sections--Norton Dam 9.13B 492-D-8
30 Relocation C. B. &Q. Railroad,
Bridge Mile 318. 28--Plan, Eleva-
tion, Sections--Boysen Unit 9.13B 285-D-14l
31 Southern Pacific Railroad Crossings
for Canal and Equalizing Floodway, '-
San Luis Canal--Prestressed Box
Girders 9.13C 805-D-3514
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295
Canals and Related Structures Chap. 9 Bridges
9.1
GENERAL CONSIDERATrONS
.1 In general, county and highway (State or Interstate) bridges for canal, SPECIFICATIONS
reservoir, and lateral crossings conform to the current issue of the IISpeci-
fications for Highway Bridges, " published by the American Association of
State Highway Officials. Loadings for bridges for farm and operating roads
are adapted from those specifications. Railroad bridges conform to the cur-
rent issues of the "Specifications for Concrete and Reinforced Concrete
Bridges and Other Structures" and "Specifications for Steel Railway Bridges, "
respectively, of the American Railway Engineering Association. In the struc-
ture drawings selected for illustration, there may be instances in which cur-
rent design practices differ in some respects from those illustrated.
.2 For Bureau work, seven classes of bridges are recognized. They are tem- CLASSES O.F'
porary bridges, farm bridges, operating bridges, access bridges, county BRIDGES
bridges, highway bridges, and railroad bridges. Operating bridges are
maintained by the Bureau. Other bridges are, in general, maintained by the
proper agencies or companies.
.3 Operating and farm bridges usually cross canals and laterals at right angles A IlNEMENT
and have the top of the bridge floor as low as practicable or at the level of AND
the canal bank. County, highway, and railroad bridges are placed on exist- GRADES
ing alinements and grades when possible. Reduction of skews of bridges by
realinement of roads, highways, and railroads is generally impractical, but
it can often be accomplished when required by adjusting the alinement of the
canal.
.4 The width of roadway for the various classes of bridges is the distance be- WIDTH OF
tween bottoms of curbs or the slab width when no curbs are used. ROADWAYS
AND LOADINGS
A. The width and loading for a temporary bridge are generally specified Temporary
to meet particular requirements. Bridges
B. For farm bridges, the minimum width and load are 16 feet and H15 Farm
loading, respectively; but heavier design loads should be used where Bridges
unusually heavy loads are anticipated. Wider roadways and low railings
are sometimes required for farm equipment such as combines. Thirty-
two-foot roadway widths with standard railing will allow passage of com-
bines, though in special cases roadway widths of 50 feet have been
provided. Designs based on an H15 loading are generally sufficient for
various types of farm equipment.
C. For operating bridges, a roadway width of not less than 12 feet should Operating
be used for one-way traffic and 20 feet for two-way traffic, and wider Bridges
widths where required for passage of large equipment. The minimum
design loading is H15 and the heaviest HS20, the latter being the heaviest
loading on primary highways. Heavy equipment loading diagrams are
given in Figure 1.
D. For county and highway bridges, the width of roadways and loadings vary County and
with the importance of the roads; and while there is considerable differ- Highway
ence in the requirements specified by local authorities in various parts Bridges
of the country, the widths are as specified by local authorities or are
the minimum in accordance with the AASHO Specifications.
E. Access bridge widths and loading vary with the requirements for passage Access
of large equipment. Usually the loading requirements are special for Bridges
the structure. Some examples of loading diagrams are shown on Fig-
ures 1 and 16.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
297
9.4F
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS--Continued
Railroad F. Railroad bridges may have single or double tracks as determined by
Bridges right-of-way requirements. Loadings depend on the nature of the equip-
ment used by the railroads, with an E loading in accordance with that
used by the railroad.
GENERAL .5 The number of spans for a bridge should be determined by comparative esti-
DESIGN mates of costs or by comparison with structures of similar type previously
CONSIDER- constructed. For channels with high velocity of water (15 feet per second or
ATIONS more), such as chutes and spillways, or for canals operated in winter where
ice must be considered, bridges spanning from bank to bank without piers in
the channel section should be used. Otherwise piers or pile bents may be
used within the canal section. Generally, bridges over canals and laterals
have spread foundations. Pile foundations should be used where the soil is
not adequate to support a spread footing and in wasteways or natural drainage
channels where erosion may be expected, or where the ground-water table
would make construction of spread foundations expensive .
TYPES OF .6 The seven classes of bridges are constructed of timber, reinforced concrete,
BRIDGES structural steel, or a combination of these materials. Temporary bridges
are generally constructed of untreated timber. Operating and farm bridges
are constructed of reinforced concrete on concrete foundations. County
bridges and State highway bridges are constructed of reinforced concrete,
structural steel, or a combination of these materials. Railroad bridges are
generally reinforced concrete and steel structures. Since design criteria
for bridges constructed of similar materials are very similar, it is conven-
ient to group the various classes of tridges into three types: timber bridges;
concrete and steel highway bridges; and concrete and steel railroad bridges.
TEMPORARY TTht1BER BRIDGES

GENERAL .7 Temporary bridges will generally be maintained by the Bureau. Untreated
timber bridges with plank floors may be used in lieu of bridges with lamim.ted
floors. For temporary bridges with multiple spans, intermediate supports
should be timber bents or timber pile bents. Temporary timber bridges
should be designed in accordance with the general design requirements shown
in Figure 2. Standard bridge designs are available for standard H5 through
H20 highway loadings.· In general, single spans should be used up to 34 feet.
H a bridge is longer than this, multiple spans should be used. Expansion
joints are not required for timber bridges .
MATERIAL .8 Lumber is to be Douglas Fir, coast region; Southern Yellow Pine; or Longleaf
Yellow Pine. Floor planks, laminated floor, caps, and stringers are "dense
construction" if Douglas Fir, "prime structural" if Longleaf Yellow Pine, and
"dense structural" if Southern Yellow Pine. All other timbers are "construc-
tion" for Douglas Fir; and "No. 1 structural" and "dense No.1" for Longleaf
Yellow Pine and Southern Yellow Pine, respectively. Native lumber of struc-
tural quality is sometime used for railing, curbs, and bridging.
Timbers are surfaced as follows:
Floor plank, floor laminations, curbs, and headers S4S
Stringers and caps S2E
Sills, caps, and scuppers S2S
Railing, railing posts, and clearance markers S4S
All other lumber Rough
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
298
9.9
TEMPORARY TIMBER BRIDGES--Continued
Even where untreated timber is used in temporary bridges, bulkheads, cleats, MATERIAL
and sills in contact with earth may be treated for longer life if warranted. In (Cont1d. )
regions infested by termites, contact surfaces and ends of all untreated lum-
ber should be coated with wood preservative .
•9 Metal railings 2 feet 8 inches high are to be provided on the temporary timber RAILINGS
bridges with surfaced laminated floors. Bridges with plank floor and un-
treated timber usually have timber railings 3 feet 6 inches high, but may have
a low timber railing.
CONCRETE AND STEEL HIGHWA Y BRIDGES

.10 Concrete and steel highway bridges must meet requirements of the agency for GENERAL
which the bridge was designed. These requirements vary considerably for
different agencies such as Stale Highway and County Highway Departments,
but in general follow the AASHO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges.
Owing to the variations it has not been practicable to establish standard designs .
. 11 Experience has shown that certain types of bridges tend to be most suitable SELECTION
or economical for certain span lengths, but the engineer may prepare eco- OF TYPE
nomic studies, including the erection requirements, in the final selection of OF BRIDGE
the type to be constructed. In general, for bridges of more than two spans,
continuous-type construction offers the most economy, through development
of negative moment stresses and permitting fewer required bearings and ex-
pansion joints--a desirable feature from the standpoint of maintenance.
It is essential for the safety of continuous-span bridges that they be founded
on good foundation material such that the abutments and piers will be free of
settlement. However, it is not essential that rock foundation be available, as
spread footings with low bearing pressures may also be satisfactory. Gen-
erally, clay foundations that are dry in the original state and will become wet
after a canal is built are not acceptable for continuous structures.
Continuous-type multiple-span bridges may be built without expansion joints
by expanding against the earth as shown in Figure 3. If overall length requires
expansion joints for movement, fixed bearings and expansion bearings with
metal expansion joints in roadway slabs at points of movement are provided.
Multiple-span bridges may also be a series of simple spans with sponge-
rubber filler joints between spans.
In general, the types of bridge construction are as follows:
A. Concrete slab spans are generally constructed as simple spans of about Simple
40 feet maximum length with a maximum skew of the crossing not ex- Concrete
ceeding 15°. Expansion joints are not required for a one- or two-span Slab Spans
crossing. For the two-span bridge, the positive steel extends through the
joint with sponge-rubber filler material extending into the slab. See detail
A, Figure 4. Spans are cambered by adjusting forms for dead load deflec-
tions. A typical two-span slab bridge is shown in Figure 5.
B. Haunched concrete slab spans are constructed for bridges of"three or Continuous
more continuous spans only where the foundation will be free of settle- Haunched
ment. Maximum span length for this type of structure is approximately Concrete
60 feet. Maximum skew of the crossing should not exceed 15°. A typi- Slab Spans
cal three-span haunched concrete slab bridge is shown in Figure 6.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
299
9.11C
CONCRETE AND STEEL HIGHWAY BRIDGES--Continued
Precast C. Precast prestressed slabs with voids are used only for simple span con-
Prestressed struction. Lengths of precast units are limited by handling weight, re-
Slab Spans sulting in maximum spans of approximately 50 feet. Bridges may be
With Voids single or multiple span, with sponge-rubber filler provided at piers as
illustrated in Figures 7 and 8.
Cast-in- D. Cast-in-place monolithic concrete beam and roadway slab spans are used
place as single- or multiple-span bridges with span lengths of approximately
Concrete 40 to 70 feet. Figure 9 illustrates the use of two single spans in a bridge
Beam Spans with elastomeric bearing pads and sponge-rubber joint between the spans.
For economy, two-span bridges are designed as simple spans, while
three or more spans may be designed as continuous if foundation mate-
rial permits. The degree of skew of the crossing is not limited in this
type of construction. Continuous structures mayor may not provide for
expansion as illustrated by Figures 3 and 10.
Rolled E. Rolled steel beam spans with concrete roadway slabs are used for simple
Steel or continuous multispan bridges. Economical designs may be obtained
Beam Spans by use of welded cover plates to beams and using composite design. Fig-
ure 11 illustrates a steel beam composite design structure. On multi-
span bridges expansion is provided at one or more locations, depending
on the length of the structure, by rocker or roller bearings and metal
roadway expansion joints. If camber exceeds the tolerances provided in
the specifications, the beams are cambered an amount equal to the cal-
culated deflection due to the total dead load. A typical IDultispan steel
beam bridge is illustrated in Figure 12.
Prestrf'ssed F. Prestressed concrete beams with concrete roadway slabs are used for
or Post- spans from 30 to 100 feet. Four standard types of beams are provided
tensioned by the Joint Committee AASHO on Bridges and Structures and the Pre-
Beams stressed Concrete Institute. These beams are generally only used for
simple span construction, and in multispan bridges sponge-rubber filler
is provided between spans. Elastomeric pads or sliding plate expansion
joints a:ce used on shorter spans while rocker or roller bearings are used
on the longer spans. Provisions must be made for the beam camber re-
sulting from prestressing. Examples of these types of structures are
shown in Figures 13, 14, and 15.
Plate G. In general, where spans exceed 60 to 80 feet, welded plate girders are
'--:~rjer econom ical. Use of composite design results in additional economy and
Spans less dep':.h of structure. The maximum span lengths of girders built are
in exce:.o:s of 400 feet, which allows the engineer a great many selections
in structure types. The choice of simple, cantilever, or continuous
design should be determined by comparative estimates, as no general
rule for the determination of the most economical type has been found.
The substructure conditions may be a deciding factor in choice of super-
structure. Spans should be provided with field splices of members as
governed by the limitations of transportation by railway or highway and
by erecting conditions. All spans are provided with expansion bearings
of rocker or roller type, and the deck slab is provided with metal expan-
sion joints at the ends of the continuous structure. All spans are cam-
bered for the total calculated dead-load deflection whenever it exceeds
the tolerance provided by the specifications. In addition, deflections due
to live loads must be within specification tolerances. Examples of plate
girder constrJ.ction are shown in Figures 16, 17, and 18.
Truss and H. Spans in exce~;s of 120 feet may economically be constructed using
Arch Spans trusses, depending on loading, clearance, and terrain. In highway con-
struction intermediate expansion joints in the roadway slab are provided
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
300
9.11-1
CONCRETE AND STEEL ffiGHWAY BRIDGES--Continued
in spans over 300 feet. All spans are provided with expansion bearings Truss and
and a metal expansion joint in the deck at the expansion end of simple or Arch Spans
continuous trusses. All spans are cambered for the dead load of the (Cont'd, )
structure. Trusses can be simple, cantilever, or continuous. Other
types of structures may be considered such as a tied arch or a two-
hinged arch, with the most economical design based on comparative
estimates. Examples of truss and arch construction are shown in Fig-
ures 19, 20, and 21.
1. Where studies indicate that it is economical, rigid frame construction Rigid Frame
may be used. An example is the concrete bridge shown in Figure 22. Spans
CONCRETE AND STEEL RAILROAD BRIDGES

. 12 Open timber decks have often been used for railroad bridges, as they are GENERAL
generally economical in first cost. However, such decks require special
deck framing and do not permit the use of in-line modern mechanized track-
laying operations as do ballasted decks. Ballasted decks are also less expen-
sive to maintain. Therefore, modern railroad requirements, particularly on
main lines, may require that ballasted decks be used. Closed timber deck or
ballasted deck is necessary on overpasses for safety reasons. Ballasted
track may be supported on eiL.2r concrete or treated timber decks. The con-
crete deck may be either constructed of precast concrete units which are
readily placed by railway cranes or cast in place. Owing to the large dead
load of ballast and timber or concrete decks, bridges of such construction
are generally more expensive than bridges with open decks. With railroad
approval the use of composite design for some railroad girder bridges, to
utilize fully the cast-in-place deck, has produced an economical ballasted
deck girder design. As piers for railroad bridges are massive, their number
should be held to a minimum for multiple-span bridges on canal crossings,
particularly when loss of head in the canal is important. However, crossing
a large canal with a single span is usually prohibitive in cost.
.13 For economy of construction, the type of bridge varies with the length of SELECTION
span. The engineer may prepare economic studies, including the erection OF TYPE OF
requirements, in the final selection of the type of structure to be constructed. BRIDGE
A. Steel beams are used for open or ballasted deck with spans up to approx- Rolled
imately 50 feet. Composite design with cast-in-place deck would allow Steel
longer spans and more economy, but would require specific railroad Beam
approval. Two steel beams connected by steel diaphragms are generally Spans
required under each rail. Simple-span bridges are used rather than con-
tinuous spans, for with the heavy live load inherent in all railway con-
struction, the uplift forces would require use of expensive anchor bearings
on continuous spans. Expansion bearings of sliding plate type are used
at the expansion end of simple spans. Bridges of this type are shown in
Figures 23 and 24.
B. Steel girders are generally used for open or ballasted deck bridges of Steel
spans 45 to 120 feet. Center-to-center girder spacing for deck bridges Girder
varies from 6 feet 6 inches for short spans to 8 feet for the longer spans. Spans
For through plate girder spans the spacing of girders is determined by
clearance specifications. Through plate girders should be avoided if
possible for economical reasons, except when vertical waterway clear-
ances do not permit other types of structure. Through plate girder
bridges are illustrated in Figures 25, 26, and 27. Girder spans are pro-
vided with rocker- or roller-type expansion bearings. Ballasted deck
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
301
9. 13C
CONCRETE AND STEEL RAILROAD BRlDGES--Continued

Steel bridges provide expansion devices to retain ballast. Girders for railway
Girder bridges are usually shop fabricated in one piece and usually can be erected
Spans by hfjavy ra~lroad cranes without the need of falsework. Plate girders
(Contld. ) more than 90 feet in lenqth are cambered equal to the calculated deflec-
tion produced by the dead load only. Deck-type steel girder bridges are
illustrated in Figures 28, 29, and 30.
Prestressed C. Prestressed concrete box girders are used for ballasted tracK bridges.
Concrete Tr,ese units are erected requiring no falsework, thus reducing the time
Box Girder the railroad is out of operation. The spans are provided with elastomeric
Spa::s pads for expansion and rotation due to deflection. Dowels of sufficient
size are provided at fixed end to transfer the longitudinal loading. The
maximum span length of lhis type of span is determined by the capacity
of the equipment erecting the box girder. A prestressed concrete box
girder of this type is ~>')wn in Figure 31.
Truss D. Bridges for spans above 120 feet are seldom used for canal crossings,
Spans but are used for river crossinc]s in connectio:1 with railway relocations
and to accommodate reservoir cnnstruction. Truss spans pxceeding
300 feet require special provisions for expansion in the floor system.
Truss design requires special consideration of local conditions dictating
their use. All trusses are cambered as reqUired by specifications. An
example of a truss railway bridge is shown in Figure 30. '
Reinforced E. Reinforced concrete trestle bridges are usually composed of a series of
Concrete ballasted short spans of preca::;+ concrete slabs approximately 22 fept .in
Trestle maximum length, supported on pile bents. The bents usually consist of
Spans three or more piles with a cast-in-place reinfcrced concrete cap. The
piles may be either precast reinforced concrete, concrete -filled tubular
steel, or steel H piles. Expansion is provided by open joints with aO'-
phalt planks to prevent ballast from entering the opening. '.;'he slabs are
placed on premolded joint material. Reinforced concrete trestle spans
are also :ls,::d for approach spans for a larger b:-idge. An example using
the reinforced concrete trestle is shown in Figure 28.
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
302
HEAVY EQUIPMENT LOADING DIAGRAMS Fig. 1 Par. 9.4C
,-------------------------------------.
Id-a"
~
Total max load I~ ~~.
~: 35 tons :. ~ ~:
Empty' 155 tons --z-(jl::. - a'-o"--- t-d'~-
"'i2'4'- -";2'-4~
EUCLIO DUMP TRUCK ~-Lone width '12'-o".~
J, ~----IO'-IOM
g".. ~ ,~-9~
NOTE: Values tor th,s laod,ng correspond approXimately to tractor
loads of 46 tons for 8' span, 34 tons for 12' span and 30 tons
~Lone wldth:I2'-4"-~
46t- TON TRACTOR SHOVEL
for balance of longer spans
(LORAIN 801
--"i
,~ ~
: ::lo:::
I tOt
,0 .0
..01 : : iD ~
[N --8'-O~ ~ : Ht'3,j-
~. Lone width: 12'-O~'~ 9"~ ~-_.
"3'- a" --
~·Lone wldth:12'-8·-~
61- TON TRACTOR SHOVE L
(BUCYRUS - ERIE 44 B)
17 23 Tons
(j 1111111111111111111111111111 [.L)'"- ~!~

"-IO..~ ~- --: ~(-()~
10".;~~~f-~~~t~)~ ~~" ~"-,6"

1-5f ~ -8-7-~ :--1- 5f
:lJn wlcith:
"< ;-1-1'~-6'~--
"
:ll::,: JI
,
,
:
I
----Il'-7
~'
62
-----:
" '
J i !!~,
: : '
!~2'-6"~-
9--~ ~----II·-9---·--~ :-c-g-
:~!!
~-6"',~-
::
--15'-1"------- ~-Lane Wldfh'i3'-3"-";

0-8 TRACTOR CARRYALL TRACTOR CARRYALL 71 - TON TRACTOR SHOVEL
(BUCYRUS - ERIE 5481
-11'-," -~ ;--8"
"
"
"
~ -2'-0"
~,
~,
·9,·~:J ~-18"
: Lone width I
~- ~ ii': i6;-
~
TURNAPULL - CARRYALL
~- -IO'-ON to 12'-d'- -----:

128 Tons
ilIJlJ l Jl ) \ } l Jl ) 1IlI
' --UnIform spaClng-,
C--8000' Per tlre---..1
--10'-0"-- --------23'-0" to 30'-0"---
a-a TRACTOR TRAILER TRAil ER
HEAVY EQUIPMENT LOADING DIAGRAMS
4-n-47- F.J. 103-0-230
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 4/4/62)
303
,
<.Q
C'0
1:1
CD
i-s
DESIGN OF FLOORING DESIGN OF STRINGERS FOR BENTS
HORIZONTAL SHE:AR ;.c
' o
tJ Neglect all loods IIIf,UlI'l a distance from the H 1 W
..
I --J
(JJ supports equal to depth of beam '9tc::::::::: II II t~ ::v~- Pi
I Heovlfs t conceMro t~d lood to be placed at '0
c.u a distance from~he support equol to h ASSUMPTIONS FOR WIND LOADS
I (1,1 ~or one or two span brldqes, the dec~ .,1/
three t:'mes 1,I')c dept!' of tile beam >--'i c.o
c.n ~.:':,~~ corry 01/ the ¥lind load5 to the abutments
Distribute ~tli~e;;OQr!s accC'fd:ng to Ci,JrVes tIJ
I o'f rig I, whic'" lit!' ~'I ..'e the fr-octlon (2) For fl':ree spans or more, deSign fhe bent for
II; I ~ 11"">,,1 ~ l trJ
>-'
t',J
'-..
OJ
Tf'""'""'
It is assumed thot the
stress due to moment
eJ treme fiber
.111 govern, frJr
of _heel iead f,; be ,:oN'ed by one
beam
Use on(" 90 pH ':f'it 0/ tt.e live load
shear J/then cah..':'Qflf'j ttle horlzontoi
~r
c;:...---=
1 ir~
Tf>e5e calUfTTns ore not effectire
a ",rnd food of 30 Ib per sq ff on the
unloaded bridge, Dnd /5 Ib per 5Q ft on
the loaded bridqe with a live load ",ind
Of 100 Ib per fin fl of bridge
~
1:1
o
::0
>i
~
i<.Q
'-.. which stress the moment is calculoted for transverse loads (3) For stress assumptions in bent su IT'
m shear stress ::t>
by the fof/owing formula- FIGURE 2 F i9 2 ond J
--J I/, R ~
'" " PIS (2. - F) F ~ s
p;; Wheel Load ~J~ r /4 "
(JJ >-<
F " Width of Wheel F== .L_- : DETAILS
~ 1 !--'J
'0 5;;: Spacing of Beams ~ (I) Ring connectors sholl be used .here bolts
CD EffectiYe .idth· width of planks for pion. floor, are not strong enoug""!, otherWise l'
>i 15 inches for lomlnoted floor bolfed connectIons
~
[j, trJ
(2 J Where file len9tn of braCing exceeds 32
CD p.. :: Rear .. heel ,Il: :: front wheel tIJ
P. P,.,:: c, P" . PFI ::
CZ P, due to widtn of bent, fwo panels 0 f
CD DESIGN OF STRINGERS FOR bracing shotl be used with etle,., number ~
c, tor P"I and Pn ore drffer~nt
C!l BENDING of pos f spaces
It' :: Uniform dead /ood In /bs per lin ff '-If leeward Side of bndge is loaded, thiS trJ
>-' Distribufe the concentrated wheel loods cccordlnlJ Dead Load Shear::; So:: w(L/2 -d) column ",/1 not re-:e're any food from ?::i
'-.. to formula below, which will give the fraction Live Load Sneor=S.=P",(L-3d)-L+P"o-L t,~e /Ive load which might reduce tile
0> Total Shear:: S = SD .. 09 S"
'-.. of concentrated wheel load to be corried Lpldt resulting from the transverse S
0> by one beam Unit Hor/lontal Slleor :: I 5 J 5 ,;. bd forces CJ
>-' p" Wheel Load d "Dept~ 01 Beam tIJ
~
b = It'idth of Beam FIGURE 3
p, ;;: L Dod per Beom enI
C, ;; Coefficient of Oistribution
I
5 ;; Distance c to c of Beams in Feet 'Tj
PI ;; P X SIc, RatiO -"t,
'-.H
UNI T STRESSES t-<
8ENDI!VG._~ 1700 l8S PER SO IN
0 LOADING DIAGRAM COMPRESSION (COLUMNS) _ _./300 L8S PfR so. IN o
... TABLE OF VALUES FOR C
k._ 14'·0 ~ BEARING.. ~ .45' LBS PHI so. IN o
0"'£ TwO HORIZONTAL S"4E AR _ __./4~ lBS PfR so. IN
LANE LANeS ~
TYPE OF FLOOR
C, ~AX, C, MpAJ; o,ow -'-',
_ .: ~
Plan! floor 4 0' 4 0' 375' 315'
---Cl3I ' t , CIl
4/n strip floor or 4 Ii' Y g~ 5) 51~ Per ton :,( !--'J o
blocks on sutJplon;.s 4-5' 4 5' 40' 40 l1::~ ~ ~,ti' of truck ?::i §
6 In stria or more 50' 50' 425 425' -$--~----ffi ,~" ill
~o 2 f-->
01 W 04 W ! CJ C!l
o
" n'IIS ORAWING SUPERSEOES O_G. K -D-/29&
",0 It' = Torol weight of loaded truck tIJ ill
DESIGN OF STRINGERS FOR w ;Jj ::J
BEARING ::> P.
J. I C"""GI ,,. UNIT '''ltl.sn ~tlt .... ,S" D It" ~(JJ
l)
• -II~ L,N.'.
Live load carried by one stringer ~o ;---/0'-0" Clearonce·....;
UNITCO STAT£S
~
:: PII r (1- F/4s) +P, x c, J f ::t> CD
D£P .. ,.ytll£NT OF THE IN"£ItIO" >-,
Pit ~ Rear wheel P, :: Front whell eU,.£AU OF It£Cl..AItIIATIO", >--i
L< po
F "Width a1 Wheel DCS/eN OAr.. c+
5 :: Distance c to c of Beams tJ (!)
cz:: Coefficient from Fig. I TIMBER BRIDGES p.
trJ
DESIGN tIJ CIl
: , Curb c+
b -iglL FLOOR, STRINGERS AND 8ENTS Z >i
P't .,41
' '" u: 0" ....",_ • __ o!.,_,,!~(,__ _SU8'MITTEO lil_ ......... __ . .. !--'J ~
()
~ Hi-6' O·~24~ (JJ
b
, ~ __ ' .. --L-.
*, ~ .: ~
I-j
::;;::o~_"__ :::::::::O~Ot~~;.-.::-- CD
103-0-25 C!l
Carcab and Related Structures Chap. 9 Bridges
COU:·JTY HIGHWAY BRIDGE--SLAB, BEAMS, ABUTMENTS, PIERS--DELTA-MENDOTA CANP,L Fig. 3 Par. 9.11
r _of Abutrnflftf 1 III ( b'flin.

- -. - .'lJ~O·-- ------
~ . --- ----------- -------------------_._---- JJ'-o"-.- . :.,;:~~~:~~::l..~:~:~(~ ~ . : :.
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iN -,"!J~If,LtJp!-
• "Spacus@6"0·! SECTiON T-T SECTION S-S

- 14SpuctS@18'·ll'-0" ~
St:"'L( II' 'U;T
SEcrrON H-H ..I N --5J1nm.fricQ/cbol/t{ b.1fOlafitm

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-.d;'---24"-.o; ''If.,8"Solvan;lIdboll,
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Or .. 't"
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tit "-"EIo'tFtlEt,r,.,~"
:>:~:: -ttf'N;1~. _
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J~I '.l4"W' Dell,ls
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{ 11 II I j i.-!
t .i
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PART ELE: VATION P-P --14'-6"-
f-----
I~ ·.J.1!.~+TIL,
SECTION U-l,J
('''iJ~'O,::''' .
- --------·-----·--29·-0·-- PART ELEVATION-PIER I ANO It
FOOTING PLAN - ABUTMENT / AND 2 NOTES
Chamfer OJI e_rprJ!fdtJdgtJ5 of CtJn~rtJM cnd tJd~s rJ(clNlCr~"
--- 2''-."-·- ---- -- ------ .. -.-- ----: iPI.----r::-"-.-.~4"--- at8fas'ic_filflrJ;utlJI55tJftJer.,s'SM-.l
;"--l"-"'-";"- . 24·-O·Roathtc.1 ~·2~4"-"'; PltJc,ollrelfl(ofC~nt50fllollf/llClnf'f5ofbof5inftJ.
outllr IlIler willb,t"fro", (~CI ofconcr.t',unl,u
+==.0 °1 i'! '''m ~-24~ ~4:- ..n:
.--... -.12·-0·----------·····----r-·--S.1mrnttrrcalabauf£b'-'dg'f'Crpta~slIo otlMrwlSlsllown, Alldt"'lIfl'lon,for,in(orcflftfln/cfllf"
S,.'/' Ifslraf9hf OQr$@IS"fOpandbOf!Ml-"':f: ]-. --!' Ta~ and bollarn of slob ond.curtl_· - - ~.- :?r~~-....I:' c,,,',,sflfbDfS
O:;Lfltitrf.s'miiarfo
7;,~;t~;~:::
: CI'p0"'1'I -- ....
1 U.tI6bord;clf1l1l,rrodiiforbenrhafrnoitrr,illforu",'rtf
:: r""(orClrn.,,fin I'_;t~t inlnom,
o,,,.rll"'9'. . I
:-'·-.ii'f<--- L6.4.j·--' , ."" _
~_';4·~Vr roslllf1 tlcslie fill" to on, fact of con crt l'
f--{ 8rld'l8'1._ ~ ....
SECTION V-V
- Omi/ tJooh
on~,btlrs
l ":;;;;~:'~:2:· .' "-/(;"00 pip' uturr;aSTAU:'
Ol!"_ _ N T t l T n w r " I / T ~ _
,:::f':"jT~~f:-:::i::3~t:E;~ up.fr«Jm'1I1eO(lly. -.-.ouM.-.:&.AMol1CIf
CENTl'I'AL W1LUY PfI'OJECT-aAL"OJtH/A
Oeprf'sss!abf- O£LTA-II£NOOTA GAIML
STATtON """".'.05
:!."!'·'''?I
L~ rJ::;:1& . :.I_~"~-±~ ~~~_'~~4.~~~~~ =::~ _ :__~~-I";~ COUNTY HIGHWAY 8RIOGE
:-.··-----6'·0·--- ...' ..... ---.--.-- '--IJcUI"-- SLA8-8EAMS-ABUTMENTS-PIER5
:---·--··6'-9i"--
SECTION N-N "u..... _~~,· _
SECTION 0-0 . . o DE,'AiL,oF GUARDRAIL AND DRAIN '''C,,",_':.'!!~. .. ~c"._ ..""..".
~-_ ",._._,
'~ . . , ~ n~ ~~fT I
• "e.~[ Of f EfT '"E;f.;;:7o:);'· 2'''0-15334
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)
31"1)
C:lnal.c.; and Related S":-rlldures Chap. 9 Bridges
COUNTY ROAD BRIDGES--SLAB, ABUTMENTS, PIER--TEHAMA-COLUSA CANAL, REACH 2 Fig. 4 Par. 9.11A
I
"~411'f
1'·,:"1"
-...
---J!i,.,.~"6 "":,8~ 1":O'q--'-~742>(J1lOD, ","/O&o/$.6'H"nJ"Wlr.,n~1
¥"""< ,.,4"-. ~-O'----- l.'j" .s..... /I", ..", _m r---$,.-..... /£
'-:;'1 .. : : .,:;;"',... . :t--·s'mm 0""£';"
.fill o<lwun ~"'t'--~ , . .

n !/o""d ..... ·R--- . , ........... =:;;:::;:::;::: I~.,I:. "',6 '461/Z'lh$"_f;.,~~ "'~"1 3j(.I,
I. ""~f"P'""""'"'=~ ....,
~ T, .... '.~~. J
d:.·,.;tL";<=,:=;~:~~,- t· :~.: ;;~~~_._~.~r #IO"~-_ s... 0..,.;1,4
; ~ ".• ·.,·."'·c."~"'_.,,....".~,m"""'~.'''...,,,o~''''' ..,,, j.'i.... i._., __~ : ..J.
f'MLr Pl.4N ~F
(,~._'dt $4.1m.1C--_-.-'-_ •. ~::;,;':::~(l.----------.l'" _'E

,,.S.. . . . .
" , '0- I t , , , ' -, ---i .st.s_ _IXI,_""", __ tlT_ _ N~--"'-'- 1~'.IO.'IS-d~----'--/.':l.;t,• . -~~NA..-"I'" lON&ITUDINAl SECTION AT f' !?OAOWA'Y
H'~!f"_ .. -i4-"-+<II~-_ '_ IV ,-'£, : . ~_,_..J' ",-j~f"IS'
I "k . !"l''''i ... ~,r..,~,~-.~" ~...bLU II-=·j:·i r.',
I "~" ----"l, . . - - - - - ' ,...- 'l '1'
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--- 1~~'n2?
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• ,,,'lji ,¢..- : --:&--::7 ;""'. '. , ,"';;""
.:",;..'' '.' ' ' 'If . ' f¥"... i "-" $.... %.
~"1".:.".:'.."
V''''..........
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1_. "<:" ; :..n"...... ,.,""~,
boN. WI!' !
HALF El{VATlON
~c
5~CTlOIV cot.
I 9
AbUTMeNTS IANoe
seCTION G-G
••••. ,.".
r'"
.f:-"::'~"'~"- :c~':;£:'~ fIb;: ...ii"
.
_~H,,"'''R''
,w'; ulS-j---·-
"~---~=.~::::;;;J
HAlf £(£."",nON SECT/ON F-r
P/~R
i'i
i:'~
~ ~j
t-~"f NOTES
~".Ji UfS-3- d~~l-*=J,
0""" ~." .,.0 ;,',0' ~~ r,.''(;:;//;~:-.;~~~ :;:1Q;~~~~;::~i,MS,~JlII'f .OZ"f)-U!1,
1 SLAll CAM8~N DlA6RAM
,",.~'.f.":,~:;".,·m.,1
~ ,": (f"o, $"'''',,{ "fe ....""" ..,.. hrms)
""1'",,,;,:',"',".'1" ",.~:,,_. ~'I
--~,,- -' _.'--" '[,
t 3~.;!~-6<>1>f"1"'" ,:,:,l"tJ<,It,
4--.I··":"'-":~';.;:Il~<;"'iJ ........
:d:?f[f.:;"Z'~~::·~ -
C'1I"'fflf,;'''lfJw~-- -
--- t'-Jf~
:. lli"f "'
f ~ N<>rr
..... :i ~__ -,-~ III1.olf$rlN""""~:d
J ~. "51"~d"'/ui1"r DETAIL A
+f..J ~ j" ' 1Ij'-llf,:. •
~, q4;';:1~~H-:;::::;',%IIf~~f;!S lt1ID/~~9(J_~
,k;-j' _ ~"."i
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l__ "I i' -~
1fr'", ~ :lUJ¥J " ,hi,
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INT£R~OIAT~
GUARD RJlI~ING AN£) ORAIN DETAILS CHAt/'( UN/( FENCe o~rAIL
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
307
COUNTY ROAD BRIDGES--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--TEHAMA-COLUSA CANAL, REACH 2 Fig. 5 Par. 9.11A
~
~
:~~-j~~t~-j;_ :1t}~i¥i~~
61~(1·' .m
f8" ".,,11-' -(47· ......,.2 ~
Inc+ - -
~ ~ "'~':ID ~ P"e"~-_~ ~- t ClJ",.1
,''Woo' " , . p ' •• • _n In --I Jttwtl 'Abut 2.-~
I • focotjOFl PI"" for oridqe '~ '-,
, './ at St<>. 742 -WOO
tR~~;~_ I rrL8(lJi'.-J-f) " ; L----=----=--=-====i:::======-_J
- ----I "-~r~~;""M) I .p-",~.""
I
r r
SECT/ON A-A - D - ; t ';- / . II
'---5+tJ uz,oaoo
LOCATION PL..AN AT STA. 7424(X).OO

_~~_~i~:~'J~~_. _i_-':-l
. - -#0'----
PLAN ~_r~::±:;'
,~:>~'"J_ J- . ~ 1- '::_'1
~lLl ",,=--A
lO
~CIIU OFf"££r I
Roil,,,! S,I'''uw/·-i·_·--- '~n ••<.1'· p;~;. ---------iJJ,oo«··~I;.rN1- ... t; 5p""~s ."J~ ,},,:,-- _.- ... -.-.. .
Nores
I;~·":'. ':t niL __ ' ~'i:
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'~
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.;.;.In
c.,,"",J,j~ • . .
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("':"Slh"~;"'9 rr"'D'dl;". " SECTION 8·8 ,.."'IiH-t:"',.,... f i . l i · ........ "'s~ _ .... -"'e·W
p,.rf60t''''1.lU(j~~'lJ<fDiJ,~I''Z·i1·'''.·- . PIeR
!~~~=~:?~7~~"'~
EUVAT/ON AI,-:::::::::,.::s,~%..~~:..~;,..n"" ~.,,_,...
UllJ ''-'is '(1 _"'kr. is,-,,.
vnAu.$ "~"';K
8':0·_· -
E ""I)Vt_nf /" -. 44:'~-- - __ :t---!:A..... ,m"'.. t" ''"'IF.f.-.I .. *I'i:6-,._''''",_~''-,---..,..,...,ti~
witht.~'·••• Ire. 6 ...- ".M .."".,i:'-........~
, -:+,'" 1=- ---fP", m.,·.~~k~".t. . . . J~.....,.ml.
,
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Aff:;r.,;fVi
r ~r"rl()N e-w::::./:'~
ADDED 6"ID6t liT SUI_ 74210000
:::."':.¥7rJ 1(1.-911 JINi)
f ,
I .: 1'.-'Sfll;:~--·'··~--~~---- -....n; 11I1n. SAf£TY
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... .. ..T_ .........
. -...-ro ",;:Ff!.ii.:.I.~r.!£.:?f:;~:-.ul Mr-r:_
TIr..1OIf
I :, I 1 ... TEHAMA - COLUSA CANAL"REACHR

~7Wf""""M"''''''IOIfI.''JII'D'''H
I' COUNTY "OAD .RIDGES-DESIGN NO.1
l_L_ PI-IAN -EI-EVATlON- SECTIONS
..;~,. ._,,_..(0.0...........
It :--N·...;
',i : ~b;-_Lj
"':" :
..... -c-..; .... -C-.......,
U FOOTING
l PLAN :=::::~i~~:::.?~~~
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
309
COUNTY ROAD BRIDGES--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--SHERMAN FEEDER CANAL Fig. 6 Par. 9.11B
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
311
Canals and :-\eJated StrCtctur'es Chap. 9 Bridges
COUNTY ROAD BRIDGES--PLAN, ELEVP.TION, SECTIONS--SHERMAN FEEDER CANAL Fig. 6 Par. 9. HB
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/57
313
Canals and Related St:~'u<,-tures Chap. 9 Bridges
CONCRETE BPIDGES--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--EXTENSION OF WELTON-MORA WK MAIN OUTLET DRAIN Fig. 7 Par. 9.11e
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RAILING 998-iJ-.!I6
,:"""""'.:1,0" <1'r14,1 ~-"'''"oH'~:' ,. AeUTMENTS '96-0-52.
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
315
C:lr.als and ReLated Strllcturcs Chap. g Bridges
FARM BRIDGE--TEHAMA·COLUSA CANAL, REACH 2 Fig. 8 Par. g.lle
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... 1'1t' ... 1. TeHAMA - COLUSA CANAL~·REACHR
!~~.;;~_.1 STA, /~" +00
""0:":.- Z/"';it~ FARM BRIDGE
~-1j
rOOTING PLAN
::~~:~E~i~·~:~?E;;···
DS.3.~ . 12/8/f>7 317
C:1.na.l~~ and Related Structures Chap. 9 Bridges
STP.TE HIGHWAY HRIDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--WAHLUKE BRANCH CANAL Fig. 9 Par. 9.110
Y
i~(/_~,~~~--l(~'''~'=='--~==:~~~~~i ",~",: "-0' " ... "oo,::,tr- " , .. ~.toP'.f-'-_fo:;{~~':~'1'~"""
, .~.- .. \ l l i ._ . ' " .... ~.150tcorb'ndr ,'.b•.'.... 'S~b ..... I1';:,p.ardbol1l:lelt.••~
"<;;~i ::. ;1 .• ~o'~."':~';~: ,"~';-'(':.'0·1,;~:,:~~..bo~,~o~~·r,~~;;:~~:;}
·""O'd.
-+-0- ' -
~ -'~.I~
>~ .. ill'
'. " .. '": '-"'10" ~':. i
~- ~~ _·;~t~~!~I1· i l:;~)~!tl~;.
ill. :~ .
. ~'.~~:. -~_Lt.t ~'~~:
·• .. lnl>ellm
__----L.._ l·7·\)(,-jt!~~'i9.9 SSH!!~----:-,~ i-.------ --'~\X -TQ:~~~_'l60"'1

---,
No'.'
\--
"or Section" 0-0. E-[,r·r, G'G 'rod SECTION A-A
\~ Det.,I. ""a ¥ld c. _ Dwrq aH-tl·21i.5~
\\ 3c:lO
\\ -
oL\ ..-'
9 Space.. _B'·8·' 18~C''' c"Fill~t -
ft
f r '..
t;::=- -------e>:-~
"~>t=:;.:~~ >'
'~/ //1~" -lA,.",:P' H'-'lr SECTION B-a
(,. ,\",/ .....'/ A\ !>t>\... ,;~~(., Bmm ,"d II/Ib ...inforumomt nat ohOw...
\ PL.AN
""~~~C-~--[;~~~~~-f'"~===~c _ ... ~ ~~"'O;"C-';:~~

~ 0' . l .. J"
[195000 .~_ _ ~ _ - ~ ""',....!: ,u.~l:OffnT
"8UTM£N r 1 " ' - > : . : ' sl ~~ ABUTMENT 2
..
""d......:.__ :>F--'---'~~J _~~ .tlonS for Moqh,,""Y a.i.; t~t A....e.>Vin ~~I)C,/II,Of'1 of St.. tso ,,~ltw.rf
~ "'"' 1. ~/ fill",
o...qnbf_O~.IlS~",U(o~d'rlqinao:or.tio~wilhS1onclrd5pl!t; ·lf~- QU,t,NTlT1CS
APIOU'36/K Et ~2.01-.i~' -I"s:,.:~~ r;i;~~r ~~"~i:~~~1~;o·;:rn~~:n:t;;'~t~n:f 3000~, Concrelc_~~~IM~T[1l e60Cu.'(d
f:fl, 1'I\lT"e;.. forc~",ent st.-I 'ho!oll~'"termedl.he.billtt)tul, (tla., BlO). Re;nf~tet"l- ""\000 Lbs
... ·{Pie<' E:L[V....TION All upc,ed Mq~ of Cl'Ilcre\lr:. /Iod edqe5 3+ eli.!.t,c: f.l~r to b-t R/I,I'nq, ._ .. _ 115L,f'
ch/lO"',fereo fun~s olherv."e ,tl(l'fOn . M'l<;Lll!ln~ met.aL c.lOOLbl.
lJnl.u olt>....... e. soown. pllee re,nfo(CemeT11 ~ !hat the elNr d,shmoe
Ali 1(]3Hq() .-- be1"w'eerl il<:~ of<::oo<:rete .. nd ne_rut T",n~t '$ f""'5 b:ir'
Ir
50' Lt - ..'1d leas, c:-ior" Md qre/ller, e~<:.pt pro~lde a dee.r tt,gt.llce fr()m
r.oeof,-onc~t.:pl,c.ed.'1a.nsteilrfh(Jr rockcfZ: .. here tr,icknl!S"ii19"
~ v \
.. '
I u=~-'
V\ 0' Ic~ and 3 ·.,.,here thiekl>es'i ,g qre.a1er th"n g- THIS DRAWING. SUf[RstDtS OWG 2Z2-0-2U;SO
\~ . I.-S~. "'II .J,meolsion. to~nfon:nr.ent ue to ee .~- L._
"~, .. ..,, """" , J>.~-~
- - . - - - .... L.. p bal") c:~ di.<neters unle~ o1het"'ll'I'l! sho.... l1
32.'-IO~ ~ . ~ D - .. M.t.!
I d"ISO IlUIIIY! flunK safETY
32.·ro· "ponqeT~bbo!,f'I""labe:~u,,,"lyf ..tllMdloone.fac:e.of=,,cr,,"+e
n.f.f.('ndt.flnc:li<::ilte'lE'... cfac.e,i<l,f~"""I!lI'lc."'f&n""""f>I!diw."I ."."to H.T,f_
ror \cq' ofuplor<ltlOf\, see O""q, 2a-{J " 21""3 OofNol'T. . r
.. T ..... , ........ . -
O~
,' ... a"l)qt¥lri"'RDId_~ .""r.. '" '" "'~C<.."."'O..

0:0"""'.'-" .",tlfN PA'OJCCT- ."'S"'1I.7011
,,,,,.- :)~~'~"'. WAHLUKE BRANCH CANAL
STA. 1033 + TI.9
'M,Oo'!> n..,'
,hew n.setillblltl-,··· '.
..... STATE HIGHWAY BRIDGE
PLAN-ELEVA TlON- SECTIONS
~.'~ I .. '., . ., ... ~
\ ... \---
ABUTMeNT I ......,.~,,_ .;Af_
9<:Al.L~O ABUTMt"NT 2 :::~::~:.1te~:r.R
FOOTING PLAN 222-0-21764
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
319
STATE HIGHWAY BRIDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--FEEDER CANAL, COLUMBIA BASIN Fig. 10 Par. 9.11D
':,251'"
:.,.. -- -JO't>(Ryt(J(fII/fIJwallj-
I,.:"
-..-------:------~-
// iEJOOdWl1f o<.!Jeorl"9
.~
oz.,
x '-{}rOt1tIB
~
.
SCAll"'... A
SECTION A-A
~l
SfrfICfIJI"ol/NCOfOfl()fl 'j)(J()Curds
~L'''' ~... ~L~-_-~,:=:~~~~~~.,_m~_
.0 ~-L~~f~""" >,.-"-~.~~c-;
""'- UP
=- ~'::~"""'"'~ - _.' F1Xfo-] - K COlleret'. __ .. _. __ .... . . .. _._. I,IOOCUr~
RfJ",forCMIIJllt Sf88I . ._______ /90ptX) Lb$
T IfM_~'" ~ ~ ~."-
II' " SPAN r [UED '''N' FIXED c._,,, """," Miscellrttl«JlJ$ mstolltfJr1; JJ,fOO Lbs
' - ,'''" ,,,'" -;--",. I .w>
~ l-
'':(:'i~'" ~ " , / "- _
~'N' ~- ~ 7- '", Iflsr1ecurtomWl1lIJ.
,,,,,. ., , , r '. - -~ -_ • 1 C'~"""""9 , NOTES

D6~t;:i:'c~li"on~°t:'~~;:.:,~J;5~~~1=1~
" """" . ."',I
~'I , ""'''' ~~" ./
I • /'
of" State HghlllO)' OffiCio/S, IH4 Ed/fIIJP.
.',,,,,,",,,,,, ,,~"''',,''
Co~~t~ rJe:;r: eO:CS:: l~nsfa,0:=;~ a5J?~~::'=re~:!L
des/(jIllstxlsedonQcomp,.,sSI'/JI strIng1tI"'~I!J5P1TSfI.m
RpitrffffcementJhoIlDfl/lt,fl'tlfdlOtI,,-odI.
I "'" ,'f"""''''', / " "'"-'. AI! rfJi"ferCI/1/Int S"tJfllJI plXld ~ fhtlf,.". CMlfBrs of bors
m tllfJoutflr/oyr'Jr .llItJg2·frotrlf~ of Cf}Il{;f'sfe,un"ss
efhBf1/IlS8sJrowJ,lhmtJnslOMfor'"'~tar.ro
I ""', '"'''''''''''''' '.;, . . J': ... efllt,rs ufbtJrs, Lopollbors Ud..""."of ",Iices
' .,,' rJfI/fJssQ/~sJrq,m
_:,015"1", '~.- .''''....,,~
.~. ·~j/-fIIHI162
i.~' :·~r',·'''~'" AIlIr{JOS4dedt}flsi1F~"'ffJtobfc/Jtrfrl"redrtlllJtssattllr
....'f: Bear",'} AbiJll _nor.rJ
.kli:Bf;lflfrOnd£ B~url"9 .. £BeflfPaM£gear'lIq Ii 8Bonn9AM2::L ~ifotNtmentslJlK1blJlI"lo~piocIdOllUltl1lSflJrb«l
2(j-]" 61;'-0'CI; B,a",ftfJ5 l!t-If,,8,anngs- 66'o·cc&armqs 16'-0" (;mt fOUlKk/ffott.
«;;; ~J ElI1IIrJOOns of boftom of foollngs lira apprf!ximcf. only.
Conp.tJ8tf ftl(JU1u1! 'iOI1 prmure IJItder fwtlf1!}S J Tons per sq ft
ELEVATION B-B A ElastIC f,lllt~ to be S8ore1f fastened te !XII f(JQJ of CUlCT'fJtI
USe radiUS af 16 bordiORWtBrs far .J·bends of mom
fllrrfercemel'f rn beams.
~ -')'t: - ~- 9'-O~"
~'-9:"""-.¢ .. ----14-0""''''
:-''-6~
STArt 01' II'A_TOIN
,'""'"1""- DtPMTlllEfff 01' _W,.Y.
, .£ Feed~r cana! , ' ",·_OWD. D.n.-!YII!_.q,J2~
'\ --6:2-il.1:.:1p·-·
~ ,I
.,~ ,: .~ ! e.~:/?-~a __-
£ Roodwo'-i "" j;
Callal S!tJ44f<4£J'
__ i..... . ." . DFNJlrlflF'" D'- , .. ~ '"'FlO'''''''
. " " .... " """FGI. ....UTlO..
; iI l _ COLlJt>//./A &48/tv PfrO.JEGT-Wl!_ _ n:w
; , 'ELDER CANAL.-STA :$
, r STATE HIGHWAY BRfDB£
~...... 8~aflfUJ Abut / /f.8enlland'€8e(Jf"!TI9<.... 4fi-v" __ J(l-O' ..l. .:r£:8fJnt£andf.8fJorl/llj Ii: 8«JrJfl9 Abl/f.2'·~ PLAN -ELEVATION- SECTIONS
66~cr cc 8fJarifl/F- 19~O"C C 8eo~mfJ5 G6--~' "c &Iof'IItg5
FOOTING Pl.AN
1 _ _..rnD . ...
. 0
.ff.~.9.I!I!>~.
._!.UJjf!.'-8.irr!8'J
_"../!.!i.IJ.ItJr~._
·";·.......0 ..:&00, 'E•. • .-. . . . ~22-C-1371
DS-3-b - 12/8/67 321

BRIDGE ACROSS LIND COULEE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--O'SULLIVAN DAM-MOSES LAKE CONNECTION Fig. 11 Par. 9.11E
,: ~
LIND COULEE
! • 18'",'-·-
- JI';'.'{
~<!,'1 I'. ---/'-r .;- '" -18'-,"· -->:

-.:..:
.: i~''''''F'.. ~.I TI"....~
: k .' I Illil .Vl..
,-';>J).D>c1>OY>..J Slop.r} I "f7-, - ,/;r." i. I
PLAN
~ ';
'" I
II
I'
.
~i:
A
,-~l
·,o'-o"ccBr'lS U"C"cc8rgs
r> B
r>·
rrt]i1i~~ffI
SECTION I1-S
1'8"-" ...
'UI
l.. !:.·.'1'
. ··1,1
- , ,-;7
·f 8.fmnq ,, __ £ Bearmg t",rI t: Pier _[ Bearlflgof'lrli: P,.r 81"qs ~ SECTION ex;
~.~==~:~L~L ~~-l':~~:~:: ~I, -- I'-HI~ho;ot;r £1 IOHO i)(P

"C:::
-~-
..
·"r'' ·· ! I " ••,- ii
£IirJ1<l" Appre.- .. \
I ,\. 1,1.
~L~
AlJUTII£Kr 2
SECTION A"A
;l """" """",,,,,,'\'ir
~ ' \ IIIi l> ESTIMATED QUANTtT(~B
ABUTIIENT I B
CenclYlfe {)lles.________ ._._, .. 510 UtI_Ft
COII,r.t. int"ersorrdafJvfmM's_ _ 1,150 ell.rds.
"ER' ""'--. : Ccm.;refe'''l!rid'l.rJeclr.... __ no Culfts:
Rernforcemenfsteel_ .. .I40.(}()() Los
~ '"' ' Strucfllrol sf••I.. 260,000 Lbs
PIER 1'F fl m 4.1 Approx
Roiliflg_ .... to.oeD Lbs
"",,,,w;;-~-'--~---~"'"
ELEVATION t ~:'-'J PIER J
l>
lito c NOTES
8"-0""8r ,;s (J"-O",cBr'lS 80"0",cBlV}s- DeSllJn boserlQfI 1i-"-5'2 {oo(jm'llf'loccordofltt .,tll
~'_II ' 8r95 ,.;t;.. :" 16'16"- _-trJ-5' -~ "SIlJll(J(Jrrl Spec,f,cafJofls for High""y 8rl(Jge5;r/rfAIII.ri"ffl
;'8'J"+8'J';'; llS$ecif3tie(/ 0(510" HirJtnroy OfflClOls, 194' Ediflr)n
Caf/Cr,f,rI.sll}" b05edoflocompres51fe stren'lfh o(JOOO
l/1sptrsqifl •
£8IOr'9
.,
,4."·.I~
"'-Itlc;:
~"l:(81O"ngand{p,er-,- :':':
[8.
orm
'l0nd[P,Ir __ +- !j ! ! ','--~ ~II .~pos.d edg.s "f concrete sholl be chomf""rd UfI~SS J
e''''''''5'5110.''
Re,,.,for,,,menf 5/!alf tJe mt.rm#iafe I}rod.
5!mm about 'I: /Y'If'l'--, 0+-- I.
,. I : ""''''J: Allr,.'nforCII1ttmfshIJllb.plaCiidsethofth.cenf.nDfbDf'$
"",m,,,,,p''''m, "r"~,r "_'["~''''i-:~f
T.;;.".,· . TtsfP,t"'4" ,.: .,: -~ \.t. ..,.. 1% 7- mfMOuferlolf'" __'!//).l"ffom face ofcfHIcre,.."nt,ss
jl,_,-E 'esfp,/"J'
i .-- lJtIltrlJi!i' !iho.n D,men!iion!i 10 f~lf)forumefl' (Jr, to
510 IJ6~0';IXY I 5tlJlJ~ ..)roo-···' I J.'~ '~.'?t '·r(stp<t ", cenfe{'f-afb(lrs L(lf} (ll/bof!i .0 rliI1mef8t'S IH !iplicrs
!; Sfa ')1'''00' i ~ b:' . ~~ r "(>/'5!iofh.r.'5.showlI
Ele-ttlions of OoffomsoffaofmQ!i ore (If}f}fOlimottl only,
".,,"".eLt; ,""."..",H t> _~18·1 '~
FOOTING PLAN
::;"",.,"" ",1 c'''''
":::;::~i'0:;';:;:::£~,om.' '
m 044
"'::;,c~' \ SII'l1 n(Jer>!1'lf"Q."
"(:'i'IA5 """r •• II' ,rf .·I-U
~gfi: .:_·-~:;~:,~::~.~~~::,~:'Chunt. 01/:""",_'" Of"H/CI,.Te",o"
'OJ...... '·, •.·--SO_"• .,b" ...tr(ffoplu.b""Id.,.. II""U<J"" "'/Ca ........,.,,.
,,:n, , "...""'",, "00''', COLUMfI'1I fllISIN P"o.J~(;T-"'A.H'NQTON
",-n...-'.,. ,.'.-OCflidSI, •. arrf/lgo/d•••rrccmP«,
,,'-OfJCcmPQ'M,/t(J~rcct, 10,42',', _,'S,lta,'fJwn<J.
i'~" "".,.
'O(lSla
:~;:~ : ~:fi:~~f~;.;~;::~;::::::' ",-
.1
L""" k;,,"" - ~,p,,,,
&. Drycamp<Uts,11
Jj---'- ------, 9 I i O'SULUVAN OIlM- MOSES LAllI!. CONNtcrlON
~.,culcrM$.. 'I ..f/tU'I_"," R£LDCATION OF' COUNTY ROAD
"',,'
J'.G"",n~,.rf(Jc.
, .." "d .de " ..,,"' m" "'"
~ ,._()tto,"po,.d'~alt"X~
",,",," '-'" I. "d
1)1 CIO).d
,I[ ' . 16!-t-+---'- ," • ,
IrJ8H __ ,~ ':.,n:~~~.,s os/t e(' "'".~
",. BRIDSE AOROSS LIND OOUL££
·-'SIJI/t1b(JSOI,.,f"f... croCts
1<)' .... ''1..
TESTP/T ")
."..J ; : .:; ~:':,:·: :"_m,['9~~1,
TEST Ptr , ; ",,.,
""J::;,;::'::";;:;::~';::;~"
_'K'" TEST m',
, 'J
~;:; : :; ;~; ;
PIT :."""'" " "
, : : " ~ ': :
;:;;;:;:;::;=":,,"",..~.;l1-;:.,.--;;.~ . . . ,,;.,,.,...;./:±--;;:;::-j
PLAN-EL.EVATION -SECTIONS
0"__ • a,~,,, SI.lll... rreD Ff.,Rlf1(XJfI
'"~;, l:!H ~;::;i::::~:' :'.: c ",,~" ;":,;::.;::~;t" -'''~''':
f~~~ goo; _~:7,~m::::,~ ~:;II '"<lck DIAGRAM SM)Wt'NG SEQtJENC,£ OF
TEST PfT-5 PLACING CONCRCn IN SLAB
TEST"fT DATA ::::~;~~{;:'-.~=~'):~:~~d;i!o~_:: -.
D-l
DS- 3-5 - 12/8/67
323
SPILLWAY CHANNEL BRIDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--KIRWIN DAM, COUNTY ROAD RELOCATION Fig. '12 Par. 9.11E
.-f Spillway Cllann,l -·--Slapt2.!
\ ~ .Ji ,~/I:~:~:,L
i::..:~:J:'.-~'_-_-_~
SECTION A-A
5tcti/JflB-B similar
PLAN
'~~ '!'
c
-i r ~
,:'::'·".'~l~:2~;':O:;,::~~~::+' """·"':T.: ::.~,,~,::;:,;~;;,~O~,;,;;'~'::"·"'T:'""-':~.~'~ T 2,;:':,-~:,;:~JR'\~.:;.::"~1I

:Rallrn'l~~i'If,JJnl .... ·--··tt.:; ·~··f· l"'" .• -'f8~arJn9I1na£PJtr -f8~Qr/(/9(JflilfpIU ", f8~11"f1f//Jfld'£P,u !;~2"" '~R/J'I;nqtlPIQMf
.~
~ ~;
C~~~:~::::':~)J!d~'-8·"f·"'f ... ~_ ."'. '~:;O~:,,,,,,,, ." ,.. _.. ':;:~~~i~;(3~Y.~:.::::::' ~i
SECTION C-C
AIIUTM£NTI . rBafUll1 w"l1 flprap .. f/ !660.00 _.. l!lu:U,Il···----._ 8ackfrllwdllrlp~ap-; ~
:~c~~;/,~~., \<7 ,.r"'EJ1f>5204 -:.. __ (~--:~~~[,~_/ O . " '.··ElI6';.a.... ~-~ n{/;~7fJ4,~ ~%~;:/;~ Concr~ftlflpitf5afl(Ja/J/Jfmtfl's _.. 265 ell.rds
Cancrttt mb."dqtdtclr ._____ . . .16' ell.Yds
Rt;nfar/:tmtflt stttl . _, 12,000 LU
PIE" 3 PJER <f. St,/Jrt/Jrol stt~1 . .. __ ... lj6.000 Lbs
L.. Railrng 61!J Lin.Ff
ELEVATION c
Otslgn bastd an H'I!; wltll ·St/J.ndara
I/JO~f:f/~;:Ccardanct
5pulflcat,(JlIs f(Jr Highwar Brldgts; TlIt American As-
8/Jetof/JacA'WUII," __ "; -JU-'i·------------------ ---.---------.-------.-""';.. 8ackofborA'wol! s~rl(Jtlon at Stott Highway Offitofs, f'$$ £lfitlan
Conrrtft dtsigfl bostd Ofl 0 comprt.s.sirt sfr~nf}'11 of
Joaolb.s, ptrsq.ifl
All tXpfJsta tdgts at concrttt ~ bt cfuJmftrtd ufllus -4:
2~Jl'--:;~+" -u~ ..- -·_·--f.+.-.. f8~~:{~~f/6~~.:~Pif( ~~-r--------$6'-6"----- --1~>---f8.t~:::on:·;PI~r- -r fBtor!f/;:nd6;p~tr 48 5f!;.)'-'~1~..t fJt!ltrWISt sll(Jwn
RtlfrfaNtmtflt st~tl sll(Jllbt If/ftrmtdlatt 9faat
All rtlnfarrtmtflts/)allbtpIOctdS<J'lIatfltt rtflttrs af
bors Ifl tilt outtrfaftrw,/lbt2]"fromfactafcanrrttt
for '4-, '5, '6, '1 ond'abors, and JOtDr ',bon
Dndlorl/tr,lInltss otherwise sllawn
OH'.fu~'~_. .~~_
Sfrr4-6'JIi.,,~: .---,
Sf~~::'"'' '''d'~ .~: i._ =¥'i~-
··x ----T - I
i~_!j['~OH2
-1 [ I [ · - S f a....."'9J5 Alldlmtnsf()f/sfortfOfor~m'nIDrtlottnttf!ofb(J"
Lop all bars 20d;amttusofspllcts.llnlus oflltrwistsltawn.
_..l_t Sto 4-1'4/4-0 Sm,41t9T.,O.__ 511146154-40 5f/J 49110 90 \'.--- [!Iuat/Dns of bo!tams ot faofll/4s /Jft I1ppro~lmart IM/y
Sto 4-6"4 'I)"
FOOTING PLAN
STA.44t~O STA.4lJ1'lJ.5
Ino
£I/7/J •.• CI.~S~:'j 1- --- J20'-(fcc 8r~$'
SlI.r•••n<I".f._ i:8rgAbrJ1J ~ .. £6rq.Ablll.~

" .... ,~,., .."..~..SAND,f,,,-.brOtM
:-;.:'" Ir ....u"
~t"A"rMt,.ro'r"t''''r~*,o"
.....".,.." "'''''C<''",''r/ON
1"0', MISSOURIII/III£R IIASI'" P"O.JCCT
lun.., _ fCllcl<Jr.# /61',2 I. "}6 I.- I,,,> •• nd' q1167fi 0 tD16f1.1 'liQol.QMQN D!II! SIQN-KIRWIN UNIT-ItANS'"
lmli{~ .' [l~WflJ§¥.~Eft.~:~: ~:~~},. ", =!~~m~~~l~~~ft~~E~:;;:~;:~:;:::~.:::~:·'
~I."h"''''
3t':O,:'.:o-.~)':O,3;:,:O"\';0
~~'::;:O""'f':-J;:6:;..tfl_Ji"6---\.Ii-J.?-6-'-J2'6;:"±~JS'O~
1'10"' - C~';;~"'/':.'"'I;~~t't 'rr<tumJ .'166, O1I./661.J; b.rn",.rl""" '-..4fO·"t 56'-6-.+-·56:6"-...\...·56'.6-···56:6" '41'O~~ KIRWIN OAM-COUNTYROAO RELOCAT'
•.',.· CttALK.brr'im,U·""h,l.
CHALK, "'~dJ', ;rOt SPILLWAY CHANNEL BRIDGE
_ IIAol.~, /m,•. blU'IJ'dT
- S:ff41~/..,/ft:5'?'· U"dY, lIod 'VC<l} I·W ~~~ j::r~~~~~~:~;~$:~g: ~~:: ~~';';/:t~~~~~;i: :~ ;:::~:~:::. PLAN - ELEVATION - SECTiONS
E:~nJ,' _.,~'-"e.".,._
<'IIIJ',
. '
w"r.rIU.I~.,on<._r"
.rile five
N~t
pla'tm~~I"JImoy bt "'adt SlmlJlflJntOlJ$iy or s~pardtly
IHS tlla" 3 days S/l1311 tl/Jpst bt'wtt" campltfl/Jn af p/(Jct 1'/, S,,".. r
W~'.r "'fl hOt ."c.~Mu'" ·-l"'J mtnt'ilZ)cnd tilt btlji'7nrnlj ofpl(JctmtflflJ)
4;-5J
LOG OF DRILL HOLES
! DIAGRAM SHOWING SEQUENCE OF
PLACING CONCRETE IN SLAB.
TI""C"" ..
CHtC"tO
,~,_"",
t.~ ..i#.l!._
..
,,'co....,"'o'o .. ~,~,fJiJ?J?<!n_
""""'H'ttl __Ii__,! ~ '!_f~,,~r
371-0"237
__
08-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

325
PUTAH CREEK BRIDGE--GENERAL PLAN AND ELEVATION--RELOCATION STATE HIGHWAY NO. 28, CALIFORNIA Fig, 13 Par, 9.l1F
/Pf.SfOI115B4t! -I- J(-9"' .,".

\ (f>IS,all+,64.4•., .ossM.n
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{ROOd ..ay.-..... '1_._
SECT/ON A-A
..,.;:~;,~;:,~f:~3~·~~~:;:.~~.
-~_._./
Cl.!rveOolo
PISfOIl+6848
A'2J"n"54" r~J5J.06·
R·r700OO· L~6962i"
I24-RiprtJpOlt
PC ~:~ ::~~;:;:}EQUAfiON ; gf"f}vell;me\'
prSla/5+-11.64
PLA N ~h~~
SECTION 8-8
BoO of DIOpllrOgfTI-.. .. . I. .
8"d""'''"~'''''',"''P,"''~'''~
~~c:;,~rc:ff~dj~;~?;:::gl~I1,PlerOnd
~j-~.. /ToplJfr;prop
"//,:"~.flt0200
!-Esfenlafriprop
+;..:::_--:t:::.-;~
"'-f';::J:~~~:' ;i:~~~~,~~::o SECTION C-C
J. ,.U;c,,. ,J ESTIMATED qUANTITIES
CQllcretelflplerS,obvlmenlsond
.~_.","'..." ~;!i~~'~~~~I';~~t;'·f'
't:;"f';;;'~ ,;~;,";,'''' L'o''':::-";;,;,',"" ~;::;;". ~;!~,;~:;~~c::;) ;,;;.,:~",""
~:? . ,. "-.Sondsfoneaf(J16J50 -""'SoM:/oneo f HI64ro ----..:--51JI1dSIQI1."otn'f[f/O It'AI.~ t reIG'flln~ •.ulls.. ----.-------- ... __ .. _Jooa ... 100 eU.Yds.
CQl1cre1em!lrldge deck, • •. __ ._880. .. .J,~ . .ell.YdJ.
_ "tXllI;:~"". __ ;....~ ~::-'Ji!lh O,Of)hrcqrrs -: '- : Post t@lIS,Oll p@cmflofolltns
ELEVATION Nale D,men3,ons sllo ..nore forDesignNa2 Re'nf,'cemel1fslee lm plerS,abuf-
-GrOdet.Ol "':'906i~ '(Sdenotessfress/lll}fn(1 menfsolldrelairring".lJlIs.• .--- __/70,000. __ 170,000.. Lh$.
-~c...._ _~==~6'~'d""!.:"~.,-- ~ Ooenolts otodend, RemfOlceme.fl!Sfeelmbrtdgedect .220,000. . __ 89,000._ .IDS.
Pf'f!C~slllru',esudbfoms, . •• _. . __ ...•. 32.. . Btamt
HIGHWAY GRADES BrldgerOf!l/1g. •• __ ." .91'J. ._~7!._ Lin,fl,
f1f'salioneryusme/!Jlworlt 21,000. .26,000. Lb•.
_14'-5"", . Cflr"O I~n'j'hs ,MODIFICATION PIER Ho." ," ·ll~O·~ NOTES

"I',""·'IO#"'""~
Oeslgn bOsed on H<m-S/6IQodil1g in accordanc,,,,ifll'Standord
Specd,cof,ons far /-(lgII"OI Sf/dges,·Tlle Amenr:ofl Anoclo,ion
- ,n' ::'-<>11,"":; ,,,' .- u .., •. IF", ",' of SINe Highway Off"'Ols, 19"9 fdihon
CorrCrefedes'gn bosl!dlJlIO compresslvt Sfftflgfftof JOoop.s.i.•
"", - ~ •. ~ @':;:;:,:~''''~'''H'..'';.u"C''''':"'''' - . "".">rt'!~
eueplprecasJprt'stressedbeoms
IP'" ReillfOrcemenlsreelsftailbeinrermediole91ode
. •
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~ '1·\'0'1'I,<'.p", ~~,-- ~< ~ ¥; .. . fRoodorOy--'; "
k@">"&!} J/iP,er Footings deSigned formO.lmam basepressares os foJla.s:~Ia~
'-!P ".0> c
,",,0>,,""" •
,"P,,'5"""''' \ '-, S; ' _
\.~. ,'P,,,s>,,,,~oo \~'}'-~S9'IV/,o. .. ~h 1".".,.. ~g;;~ ~~~ ~g~:;;~:;:; :~; ~:~ ~~; i;::;: ~~~:;;;,o;Z~~=.n
Y:; . ~,.,:o;" 1"''''''',;';,''",,,"''': """ " - ": ·'·"'l ;;Mm,"""":~," - ".,,' '''''''''.:' p,,, S>"~:.~:",,·m",'::";;':''';,~:> , ~ 't .._. '., [Ie_of,ofls of boffom of foatlngs rut IJpprOxlmate ~nly
AllelPOsededgesafcQI1CretelobechomfererJf:unle$SO",e~~.
5~-~· Nol(' lAI~fl<J'''',l'andfP'er~iJr(>radlo'llr.ej !'5-,•• -~,L· .,~b AllreiflforcemenfshlJl/beploced50fholthe centers of N;rs 'II fhe
FOOTING PLAN {For desil}flNo,rl f E . . j ~ ..t,,--__ ~~ <t;. outer IQyer"'1/ be tJ"from face ofwflcrete lor~",-!,~6,'Tond
r -8 tors ondJ"for'9bOfsondlorger,unless nfhe,... sesho."
OH:-4 (De5lgfl NO.1 Simi/or) f1 mq Slo 9+"260·"1 '; 'Rt;;:';;;;.;r;e Alld'mens,onsforelnfNamenlorefoceflttroft;Qrs
D.H.·/ O./f.-Z Stoll'lI~ O.H.·' 0-H.-6 O.H,-' LortcrsZOdicmelerS,unlessolher"'sesltorrn.
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t,"I-/ SA~aS/ONf:,.., .",
/lOVI"""J~Q oeNS J8 J ,
"I'~'-'-"""~;
ono ~,mm fUJl/lOERS I~ ••SHHE CHERTo"d SERPENrtllE
"~,:,~ ~:":'::::~:,;:;~,;;:':.~. US1..;..~.t~~';~~;.:=;~~~~1!=;r-:;:t
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: ; o , "• .,~;:{·,:;:;·:.,,"". .
: . ~.. .,,"£AIJ OF "£<l.AAU"O"
I. 0 DC. " SAIIO ~~.~ $OLAIWO ,,/fO,l£Cr - CAL"O/fNIA
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160-24 <> ,.,.IU,I•• o. 10 2.
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RELOCATION STATE HIGHWAY NO.2.
PUTAH CREEK BRIDGE
GENERAL PLAN AND ELEVATION
11''''' 4~ t> CO" I..hg'''' 1'0",02 ::> I.nf'''! i!~·'o <O"OI • .....:-".... " •."""._...F..€,.ff'IJIJOn
" "
'~" .... ..
~:. ':-HOCC."".'!!-f. .."... :...~;.':.=::.':.- . -.ir~
/lg - - - - --- -- - - ---(510fiOni;h~w~~re~:n~:r:l~m~n~~t~?r~,OOOrlJdlIJS) -- :,; "..,.v..... .:-,,~O" ..."O. 413·0-30
f DS-3-5 . 12/8/57 (Supersedes 1/5/51)
327
DERRICK AVENUE BRIDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--SAN LUIS CANAL Fig. 14 Par. 9.lIF
- -.l2J:~-------._ - ---+------ "":
30 ::;~:o:zc:z::.-- 2>,~_ ..... - _ i-"·...

~'1'-t!!~{" ' _ _ __ 6" 1+r5""~,,.tI plW4~f __ /~ ~'
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",d,_ -I :' fEhsl""tAV--l"

5/o~ N.c;r~
For fJ'~ ¥'"<'At;

~r<><>I/,·'Y >11:" -
-tt-+-- '
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A-r<.ssu /r//90.t\-an C'C~5/~ ": SECTION A-A
/7OI'.v>o n.s-o-9 ~S-LJ·.uJ/··
PLAN 5£CTfON 8-8

a> f ~
- EJ(r~nd ,,>n~,..,t~ (;~m" NOTES

,imlu; .. r~/f<11 ~ncf
or 4I>,dm~nl"~~~l1o ...n flt.~~~::1~~,:::%'::? in ;~~ - ; : :
.4m,rr,~"," _A""C"'~,1>n "f Sl..'t"::~ O/FX''tIls
/161 Itlll'""", tr""" ~,,,'stJf,,.m rUIJ/tHu. ""'~pf
I!WI re/lr;arac/ ,ol/end", ih-~,!" fi,rsf.7b 1-> " ..~ca
on </flim~f~ sll"/1~IJI,_
C o~r;:J~o<:::r'; ~:~,":dr£>~~:<" :::;;;';;f~'~;,,~t;:~'9111
.
?ffi/'~g:-
Da~" o~/><TcA_II-~ 79'-9'CollC 4'9. - PLAN co/":.r<!'i"bc",-,,S.
Ail r.inf"ra:mc.,f dtal!..c"n.~I'",ro A_S":"~
.9'8J';_;~~.;~~ ;:.- -~-):E;::"~~--;~;dc~~ -~;~~" ~~~~~~ ·----~l::~~t-" :,-£;:;~C2"; 9""o~, ,..., d~si5'n8r;on A432
~ ". £,"-'-7°""
4-
r---
:bWs.................. ~,4#c¥"Ds_~• ..F
? - 5£crtON c-c c~r,'e D~ :"i> hi chI_k,d"'-.
/X TAIL A U;::/~~NI;,Z~::'Z'~:: /:::;,:::::::"cs¢:;r
"U_,~" -u.~;<U-' J$ /J' hi-'5' Aus ".- #u
ESTIMATED aUANTITIES trmY 2" Av ~ a.n -'~r, MC~'~ 4
--~"'- f.~~~;~~~'·\·C(Mlr(}chcn;~~It7~"":.' Cww;;,..,hinaOul,."<rhantl,,wr, <l.JCCY. emr ""<1"/........... n."".,. fir "'; e_o',,~ ,)WrcPT~#ml
frmcrd"m ""'J+ .....<k _ ,2$lJCY MrM _ 'l7c,f <>.f' 2'~ "~i:-'-H ~ ., ..... 4o-u
1_I2·D"""Jlru~p"Wcu~C"""I'MP;;e" <I-"'d' :cr- ,.,NT. t'A/~"'-s, is !f~{r'"'' rM" "1.,
"r,*rl!'d !r"jhl ~ 050 r=I-- /~;: ~A1:C:t:;hZ;_{)~r" NI "'-"~/"'"~ k nHr~_""';' _, Ji> crm''',,~ ;/ Aln
L6p ~,.~ 30 .7>V"?':"r/,,.,,, v~,n ",;!-",.wise ..w.."..,.
ELEVATION ;!ff;i~~~~~~=~;~~!=_~~_=~~J!f!:tk ~.fj/>{rnd",,/ /'"tfi~.,"" Aelllrk",_ Arr~, <Z.<f<f'~k,
Al11"4" <rn< .u'r;"/ Ii- d: Atwnny ..-.... af 20 ......"
2106· _.... _ _ . /)HI)6I1"".l.,t>4A ~z it. ~:~~_:'~~ll'or::NT n€~ATlON m AGIICL 11'11111
RErERfNCE ORA WINGS R:g ~~~~,"t.~:fffjjjIJfifN~

I ;. !' Ai!ClTJ'fENTJ AHP PlCIU • 805-IJ-Z.;.-v
lJCAM5 ANDSLAB .1W5-P·U~Z.USJ~.3_~;:O
'L'T"YA:~:' ~',£-.,-.--~'--''';Ji?'f~-_'t~ilJ:
'f- -'-~'~~~:~'- ---,-- ...:J:/--2''''(~&YAh;Z BARRJt:J:i TYPt:S 2 ANiJ 2A (~AI/.IN6L __ S06·,1-"~O! ~.I
,,. 2 oi F~ 1""-5"'-56-16< i' BRIP(jE APP/i'OACH£S "~5-2"'-~"'J
_ ;r1i>-- _ _ ~_ 1. _: 1 '-...&xA: OrC.:1cA:~// !06S tiF £{PlOR"-TIOH • "05-1)-.eJ$J
~ TIII"_ SAfETV
C;ONCRCrC PIL£5 tJ05-1)-':4~9
-{4~ ~ -
.... -SMff$/.Yl8l'l ..... , (1. O[T{RAI/NH/ON IJF' HAIINCH f)IMEN5/0N5 (J05-tl<"'5~ _""""",.,,,,r"'7>H:,,,,T.,,,_
PRfSSURE IRRI6,(r"/OH CRM:;/Nq. ov$-f)-Z!.5"f _UII<H'''~CL'''''''''_
~.:1/ >1'A-k~pa.;"'$ .-..~,*~~/ c:lfNT...... V..... E .. 1'#tO-4~CT
W:~~-' "'.? ~.~ 8· v- __ .:.; e ~~~'~--:: . .....-r •• NvlOAOIIIN l""l'- • • N "WII Ulflr--c:,I11_"'MIA
,.~/ ~ f~' ~ ,i'21 (-EJir... h&~~1 andAwrn>eAll~ - I SAN LUIS CANAL
J,._ : ,-~/TSH:W.rtr~ • ~l", $1"'" W"I # . . . .,
,~:--:/ ....., P<1I'"-,~,,,<>W<',..>lo ,b.t >-'03'- DERRICK AVENUE BRIDGE (STATE HWr ~)
PLAN - ELEVATION ~ SECTIONS
A I' .~'-'T,,",. it.-Et;M.
··il"'kl'/ rOOTING PLAN
,Ii>, pill Ii'td-l-~I' ,,~'" ~ "OS-[)-Z-ISO =;.lii&_:=:;-O;;9.~M
80!S·D·2449
329
DS-3- 5 - 12/8/67
FRESNO-COALINGA ROAD BRlDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--SAN LUIS CANAL Fig. 15 Par. 9.11F
~ 's~'""c~"
..... /[mbortlr",etlf
,_-Slol! 5ur(<<~
"\ .... -J/-O"-

,-,-.\\
,,,,..,'nl-'·
:,: ::~"" ," ""'.'.•'.'.'. :........•.•.:•.••...... ::-"'1 ,I ,
:"'. ~~:_-tl;~\ = -"Jli-,{-- . .-
2.: :--aJ'-0'~~~ r~'
/
I; B~ld9~ oM
.~:e~'[rr~_
(OrrlP6,'ed bodfll,---~:'-.:r:.:.:~:-~f~:----~\;.V ~_V,L5~~~-
'-< 41-0 -,.. ground sm"foc~ "'CcmpotfNi lKldflll;-
I; RoodwCy __
r·' 8ci".
Slap. ,~~'"•.
SECTION A-A SECTION C-C
Pcst S(KUlflq,
bM~ s,d~s'
I I (ro." S'CHTt:,',-{ Brlr/~
Cotttref~ III flbufmMfs (HId piers_______ _ _.41' CII. fIII-
,o",r~t~ b~oms_ ••••• _···-·-·-·
Con,~ptp inbrilt9f dtd zroCu.yds.
Rt/flforctmfnl-~4Jl._ 61,fXXJLbJ.
PLAN :~/~~"$~;~;;i~c~~~rf~ -,;frl"'s.-.-- --- - '12 LIll f_~
>0 ,a 40
I· Eio$fic flll~r-.,: .... _--~ .. ----- "

. ,.
C f() C 8~9S ""0·
"."P,'''~'''''''''''.' For9rntrol flctu srt Owg.805·()-14,.
NOTES
J-": C
<'I"''''~ i.~:;:'" Foofifli}s ~5'~Md for Ofl olloll1OIJI, 5011 pr~ulI'" 01
orr
-:6~tf- -6~ SeCTiON S-B 4()()() ~D'
Rot/mg----
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-j "lJ JlCOO
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-- - i I:" ',<:: u_ n.r~ l .. "'" flJlO.OO. -~;$~r::-~: ~ i:fmbo"jmE''''---~~
REFERENCE DIfAWINGS
..... r .. rNrs 105-11-17.'
ftI~-O_14"
O"":~::~:~~~~:',~~:~:~~~:<-:~~,._. . , ~~~~~~~~~;~~~:~'~d~~=:~:ro,t ,.,r"5_.
.r.... 5 ...OOS/. ... _.
_.. _. _. ._..
satl-Q-14ro,t<l71.~4~.H.ffl
ABVTMENT 2 U",,"'rlfPI.O"UI(lN__ ••. _"'~-"-l"j.
I"f/mllefilltr, ,.
orOunl! ~Itrs-'--
PIER PlfR 2
ELEIIATION
111'-'
..,,'-4" ,,'-," -,.;
~,i.:},... ~~ J9 -Ii -- JI~I:~i"": >-
o" ;~: I::::.::':,::::~:::;;. :::''::::: ::.:::::::'"
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, :,~~\,""~.,,-,,~~,.o,,,. ,';~, ~~~t~.~. .---.:r.,;,. '.~:. -.-"" .. " O~ .. "c r'o"
. 0, \
~'-o~ , _, _,~ _ ccf<lr".... v ...... c !'''Coltcr
....11:" ....... "1..10... 0 ...1"1 Ol¥.- SAN LIIIS v,."r--c"Ll'r:H1IN'"
, -J" ~
".~
t:t------ - '\..-';'~ , SAN LUIS CANAL
,.. ... Dh~M'!' OHM";A· •.:.. ~. Ii: Pltr;! $TA. 3898 + .3.28
-" --·(BNI Al!ul_IlfZ FRESNO-COAL'NGA IfOAD BRIDGE
\-. .{ /;f/J. /!/)utmtfl l '";<.-t P,trl \ ' (sOnLilllCO';;;/
PLAN-ELEVATION.~_SECTII
.. ~~ .. ~ _"-_~!', ."."'"~r<>__ .t:-.C,~ .

FOOTING PLAN
::::::;'..w.:"'::::::::'::...~~~ •.•..
...... ~ ••• t .. L"'.~" .., ...... u,_. i 80S-D-2144
DS-3-5 - 12/8/6'1
33\
TRASHRACK STRUCTURE ACCESS BRIDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--SAN LUIS DAM Fig. 16 Par, 9.11G
-: I f'4' 1,'-0' RoodJ1fJY _ ..<Ual;-If'-O'RoodfIfJY

, ~~dtJarrref~
, y i --"""""t!">'.~-
.<1'
,r~
.. ~ ~ SECT/ON. A-A
,i G,,'''''' '"<i,,
,-~
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/<RW'' OO't\ .. _ L .•"" (~ -t ··l :f S \, Sf kt=ig:;~:.%,,,
;·.~. :N-;.~1.4CIJ'
{I 819.'1123
, .~---:::~: ...t-11$i/Ni6~"'" '" -·tJB 170 " -
SID,wfrsrit' SEC. D-D
,,- -"J---------1-.--.....- '---I j U ,In'\' ffTIIIIf{"f1HI
o
,/ : \ \ PLAN .... "-{Cf?st
'-TrUShf'fJctflruefllrt
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. J054'-6f .. __ ._ .. _- ~'-8Q(k~/l«jllfOlI
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12
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SECTION a-c
l S:::;:;;;';~~'C"""d~
1.' m "IIFlXl:JC ESTIMATED QUANTITIES
C~relflf!pltf b~.tts. ._ 2l00C" llts.
-~;""' .~~::~- ,.., , !
Manmum reserr~1r Cottrret~", pl,r Shtlffs ond Qbuf/MII'_ •. __ ..."!5Q C" Yd5.
./?J';:~~~~j:':;~':;,~
I • ':;;-;,':::;"" Ofoter s"rfoce £J ~..s~. ....-1fllI(---W-.----- ·Compacted MCum COMfelflnbri<k}euck .00C" l'iIs
Relnfon:tmfllt 5tftl______ ... __ no.DOO Lin.
Iii .pt---_~ $frucillrof.lee'-_ _ !560.0Q0LbS
Nttfll hom/roil__ _ .6,000 Lbs.
fl 'i. ~~--- -- .... -\.~-£, H6,0 ,-OrlgUlQI'IrolJfrd SJlrfi1Ce
NOrES
,II I ,.(;rJIflf}OCft(J ~~etfi/l '--< "'ER ~ Desl,n based 011 $OT.", TraJierHaulillg .ithou! NflPOC! 011J)"
.~
T.,"ro<i _mol I/I!it ~fres~ or tlro-'<f of IlIJffltOl slft.s.
food""
"
:'M l!L (,/4100---'--. (ClflCre~ de5tq1J bo•• dollllcompfessiu srrl!fltJfh IIf JOOOp,si
.--{/ U60 ~ 8r9 01 s""~clure
"ro, "~·J1\~ ~ . _.-./-.' -l- ~---
: t,P",r"" Allnpoud Hgtts arronr:rete to lie chomftrtd J~l/I!les.
/
alMr"IS' s/IQ.n
I I.i
'Ii.!'-
r ~ ',,~'g,;':.::.,¥;i;j
.' ,H.,,);lY# /0
-~~
PieR
l...Js
oJ
";
I--
" ..... '.~'
_F'+'/~""~'::::'~
. ". ,_f. P,er2 r--.fPiN.'
-,®.
.•. ,/-..
<~itr..,
}J'.
tJn~55afhff"'$'S/IQ"n.placttrernrorultlttf1tsol~tlheclfQJ"
disfllf1ce btl"ten fflrf of coneref, and ntllf'" relfPforce-
~nf"lrfar·S' t!Drsllndlf55,ortd2'for-'borsDnd
9ftoltr; fJlctpJ proridtllcleardlsftlnu frOlltflluof
nm ..re/e ploCfd Ciomst ,orlh or rile« of 2' III'h"" '''ifk~U
,., or Ius, arid J "htre IhlO/lessisgfttJlertlNn9_
Ii UL~= /~;Jb~_ i
_L~1Li '
-''-<:(In.frufflanjoinl.l--,---
")~/ .®,
All d,mell~iDns It) remforCfllltnf art 10 ftlltfl'S or bors.
Lop bors l<f diamelers, unless olfler.isf .110.11,
n
~.~~: EL EVAT10N DIAGRAM SHOWfNG seQUENCE OF PLACfNG CONCRETE IN SLAB
(SPANS f THROUGH 5J ,.,n. REFeRENCE DR~_~.'.~,!!o_,c.._..
P/oamtnls (lJ rna! be math .,mullolleorJ.ly orseparaltl!

~t~~::"i'5ri£i'--- ~~~i;::f.~;::-;;
Placements ® mtJ! be made 5,mu/lOlltwsfy or Sepor~'el,
Ngi /e55 l!Jon , OO,s S~all "lepSt ~ff.Hn complel'rJn of lo.t
I pIOceIJ1enf(j)Qlld begmnrn'l of fifSf plllcem",,1 CZ)
::.;:~ I::-:- .......

. n'iO.u ......,.
II
,,9 orr Jt/O'-,f
""-0,1
119-4 -,7,·.e" .L 155'-'--J'- 'J ,.". uu"'."erl'II,Cit.,,UA
-t·t $$·f ~ °6
·,...,·WI m.u ....U·JlA "
" ..." ....~ ·......."
I ,~ Cresl
cpr
,
k_ '12~1)~--
'$; I
l-tfl-<.-- - - -17~!J' ,.M •
I .:i"',7 t [BffJ.- __ . , _,.tBod oflJorhll1l1
w """,,·
. - v i ,.11111 SAl£TY
DE;~~"{/~:Q::~ff1~f:~....
I '" ,~' . -r, ft'ST SA't
ceNTIf'.... VALLe:r ~OJECT
-IOAOII.N ,,'v_ 'AN L4.'IS u,.,T_eALff'O_IA
f RotJIJrtoy
AXLE LOADS-50 TON TRA'L~R .{,.:~-i.rr4 /t.-,--N~;(lf.~~
i SAN LUIS DAM
G) ® r;-~--fUlJ: I TRA$HRACK STRUCTURE ACCESS BRIDGE
PLAN- £LEVATION- SECTIONS
,
CD
~- 48~O~·'"
(~
~]2:'c'~
e
-'6~O''; -]i-? ..: :.. ~?~O'
/Q:"""; ~
j~t:;·~:,
HC.O'<>"d"
F~~ P!e,~~"_-~ -"--
FOOTING PLAN
...... ~.-..~._!#9,_.. _O"..O _ ~u-.~"i..'.::':.f:......."'".-.
a.N~."_ ~"L""a"~ ~~
.--- . 805- D-250
333
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
SOLOMON RIVER BRIDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--MITCHELL COUNTY HIGHWAY C-705 RELOCATION, KANSAS Fig. 17 Par. 9.11G
1""-- -- J(-~'_.-
OO"-~f~·y;tt.:~~
, -~'If-~~.... . I
For tmbon~mtn' a rlflrop

l r---li:CIIDIl".., clla"9t & fi: __ . ._~_ ~ 5tt D"'} 4'~·O·J76--
t::--: A ..... ------l
E,,'""~,","'""""".\\, r--
~-=-- I-.
"
::1
-'j:.
__.~., ,_. . .,.. _, . .
~. '~
-===::l..-~ ----4
I -'----c·--.· ", "'"
·i L ' \ " . {C,,",y"" '" & , 8..' " '"'"'"' ,""," @
1
i "0","' "~"@"ro.~,~::•.r
- l::I !J'-o"L.
PLAN --:JA
.0 '0.., ...
'lC,,"-£ OF r[n
SeCTION A-A
300-,o"clacIJr95 t::o:"~6"\ eSTIMATED QUANTITIES

.,i-O"clacbr'l' - IJ6'-O"c,acbn/s IJ6'-O'clocbrgs ~f··O· C 10 c brgs C()(>Crt't jfI p1tr~ rlfld abulmtnls _'ZO CU. Yds.
... i Btorrng & P,~r
L) (r;ncrtlt IfI bndl}f dtct _4910 Yds
eu
~
_~'== .. . ' . ._ ~ng&PI~r ~-"-H-----'~ TIL .;
f~l UP
":\~l~~' ~- ,,",~,,:JL_'~--ci~"'1r " " p , - - - - " - - - - - - - · - - - " - - :
'·Ii'~.~no,e
~.~--
slagt ul ~o ye
fr~qUf!f1q flH8JO
".n,',·:, ".., ,~ ,.,,,~, .."", I~ I,
II .tP~
~j- "Tf¥ll~1t~ ¥Ktt:iit""':. .;;{-~ !~;:
f.{' ~ )- '£[/.1146 * RtirlforctmtM I(JC(JfIf(Jrm roAST..- OtS/OflQ11Q{I
Ma' C<MsenarlOn pool f' 1• .'1.'16 / ((JmplJfltd,/ r-) " /:: Jlf32 t>efpl o1S prorltMd '" IIII' sptClf,collOltS
<
~
1/
Li~,=;~<'~~_ -~ ~~-L~''"''E=m:::::>f~r ~t~f:n:!~~g:f~~~~;i~f:ii;;,~::~:
l~~-~r--c~aoed brx;kf~1 ./ ~ CO:~~~'~5~ts~ ~1I~5~0~::Yc=~~~~~~t;~~~r
,~~ o' F;f \1 {':, flit abulments 0",1 pltn •
'V'" . _I\t:--,_,~ ro{! of {liltS VOM IL--I2BP~J .. _ 1 A~I~:.":'~ :~:~ of .cancrttt 10 flfI c~omf~r-td J. unlfi~
II r flI3'15-· _? 1 Un/fS5 Ollltr.,St 51lO"", pJoc~ r-e,nforctmtnl 50 fOOl tht
_________ ~ j;~~_ c I~;__ ~;_~-~, / ~.~- E_J ~~ti~;;lir1:'E:::::~~c::r;:s~:~~:,:::

r.' 'J'1J (rom (aCt of cl)flCrtl~ ploce<! O!1OlnSf earth or roc! uf
;(.lItn ""eAntH ,S '"OF Iess.lJfld J".htrt tillctntss 15
_~~=~,:,~.::~=Lt~,,:-.:::~.::-;.'",Bf;~ft,;~' PIC" ~ A/tur/llCNT ~
greettr 1111",'"
ELEVATION Ald,mtns,ons fortlnffJ("ctmtnl tJ~ /tICtflttrs oftwrs
Lop bors J6dia",efus.II"less othtr.",se silo."
For (ogs of [Iplorotion stt Orrg 495-0-362
!i:Beo"lVJ (B Nnfl 9__ "f,f.f.ahdtf rnd'cale near fact, rar fact, and tocll fOCf
t. SOo'-0"Cf(J cbr 9S r
lll8PH PlIes ~SllJntd fr)ro btO "'9 Iopd of 60 rons Ptr"(IIItt
IOBPfZf'l/ts deslQned forabtorlfl'lloodaf55roflS~r-PI1e
·· -lIf'·o·crllrbeql IJ6·-o"rIQc:brqs ..k I3fj'·o"c:tacbr9s· lIi-o'c1ocbr-l}$
.,.., -0'-10· I "~ ... J /; Fo:;~ng.::;rtPtefoo: dtsl9~d for 0 btarlfl'l Iood of • rOIls
1 .6 {Pill'S
1
,e7 , I
I~-.','
loJ.3 .... t·' + 1,-··S>/c(Od-9· ·:..···,"';;o' • Spc @ 6~9! .. --~ t . 0t1 9
" " . '-0' . . .1." i. '
r"
-._-~- ~- ---- ~ l
.g------' ....... _Inl( SAflTY
r-~ T - - - o~ I tc , +----.--t-.--
'-'"'.1
f BmJgt
; .:.i;.l ,I. ,Sta 901'0 - - 5ra ~J+oo .-- --' ".' .' :±. .. -~"'J··fj
:0..•,
, I l...
t ..l " .f j
". I'. -.~.·-----SIO ~'+6' -
_.1,.
ff-- - m;,~ 95~50
(.
I- .~I 1 I
,,~:.,:rfi:!:,,;;H{~:~~~"'"
.'990VIfI
'""iIrlf .A$IN ~IffNILC-'-
:"-f-6" ... 5 Is" ;~T~~~~~ONC~~;;;"";'7~-';;;~~S
_
,'"'- j" ;"'·.'-2' w
i-.~~.-ll-. ~-6"O'
! . ~··o"f
;"-If~ o' -,..;
tfJ)' f'·6~; ~.i-." 6 6"-
J a-rots RELOCATION
. '50~O:': 6~0''':' t- .... 50-0"", SOLOMON "'VER BRIDGE
~ '-.i-<J"; FOOTING PL.AN
m "'--Ii<f..'
~ PLAN -ELEVATION- secr
["Ll<ef_
_._~.L~...
H G. Arthur
~,
-.. ..;o-",,,,.,...,,,,.--,;:......_ .. --
~~t;f,;::;';',;. ~ ==c<~"" 49~-D-347
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
335
TRINITY RIVER BRIDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--TRINITY COUNTY ROAD RELOCATION CARR VILLE TO CEDAR CREEK Fig. 18 Par. 9.11G
---·-·JI-t"-- -:.4..N_(/~
[:nr;~},f~
SECTION A-A
~
_... ,,,:,~~:,.--~--
l ~,---" ~--~-'-~._-------
SECT,ON C·C
ESTIMATED OUANTITES
COncr?if ill ~ ~ ~ Abu'_f1. __ ._,.IDOO CIt ItB.
~i"~IJKL.---.-- JlOQ/:1tfl
~'SfM __ • .JniJOOLbs
Sff"ll(;turDl s~_._ •• . ltItJIJ(J()l..bs
ItIrIr1I roi/itrg • __ • ftPOD Lbl
<1 r> NOTES

o(
r> 80cII
@'i:()(~
IXldW(l/I C»sigtIbowJOJIHto-44Joodngin~ItfItl'!i/DJl:tlrd
Sp«;'-'WI/Of/S fot' H/f1hIIUy BrirJ,K T1tt AmNictJtI AsstICIi7-
.. ~ •... -'-.-.- ... -.l'O'-]".--
lion af Stolt' Hit}fIwcy OfficioJs..M7 fditNx!
~ df!sIr;n tmtd ()II () eomprnsiw s,~ of
t: ~~rT1Jm()(~.CI t400Q() f--t: 8'V- J.()()IJPSI.
A1luPl)Rd~ofconcrf,.cmdtdrjnut.mtif;,..,.hI
HchomfK«/rlml""'uI~sIIown,
/JnIn's~s/Iowrl.. . ~t.soltJoltlllcM:r
'''' 'Mo' 'MO'
~" .,m :i i c JjiiiiiA diJhlncr~rl7a'()fcont,.,trand~t~
iSli'for·'barstlfld'""~i'''''''·''OONtltltI
"~""" "'~m. o,,~ Jk :: :i---';'- grrot.r:rJaPf(Jf'fNi(»oelttardisltJtrrrrcm~afllllll-o
crrtrpltxtdagoimf"",ltIorroclrori'..,.",fNc/IMnis
~ surfot;~ f! 2JlOO() I - --=,_~-- '''-=----'-' H 2J;'Qaoir1r -:::: 2 9· or Jfn and l' .".,. fhd1ws is ~,.,. Ihm ~
L:'7Ir:~',:bor*~! _~\C:;(lll ~j __ ~"L_. NT AJ/~to"';"~lorrtoc.m.rsof/Jcn.
£1 2J6200]J...-------~ /.Qp bars 24 d'-frN IN$s oHwI"lIIIM shDttrn.
ABUTMENT I
<J A
'Om.mol g,f)lHld ...rrgr;~
(/''l:ol'ood-.oy
r"'
!'[
.I...,
'\:~
L>
<:
"'It
i j
~~f::';;'
i
SECTION 8-B
=",,:.::=::
,.,.sq.fI,
:m~~ ~~
elmlle nn". 10 br S«UlWy fasffnftJ to _
Pluu
ro.:: r:.
lxJelrf;NorOlJfldfltH!~fSp1"I(rIOtf"KI/II~structurfJI
!lffi.C/Jlfl(}odflllbfle";lfo"(jIl'f1blll~lItsllJ"'Z.
f _ of _ _
. --"'· •..c12JJaoll51
PIEIf I L>
6 ELEVATION
B J
-f 8r~
-,.,-0' - - -1"- · ..- -.i-d-
r-'i: Pitr I
'''''"1'--)------ .. '-0'
. SIll ".NDO---- '. ) :~·l ·l·t ~ - -Sh1 90."00 --SID fI/.2fj,OO
UiiiT€D~
11~
-------. :-:'.:,.-,
c'
(j::£:!;r~::*~::~11
[ &>,,;•• -~:--- '~- T"'NI'" "'"6. DlIfI$JOM·o.-LIFOIt'liA
TRINITY GOUNTY ROAO RELOCATION
CAfHfV1LLE TO ceDAR CREEK
j -LtT --r---c,'-""m
-~~~22~~j :: ~: ~~~.;.j ~~ ' ,. l.1'.
-- 1',
l.,"'~ ~~ ~~.~
; ,- '",
L:(..,~~;,
TRINITY RIVER BRIDGE
PL AN- ELEVATION - SECTIONS
_ . _........""~ .... _ _ m ~ __ .... 2""- _
FOOTING PLAN .............. !!''''~-- -_.
_~w._Je.f;,_ .......... __
""SOIQ,;._..:
411· 0 - 484
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 337

SPILLWAY BRIDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SLAB, RAIlJNG--CEDAR BLUFF DAM Fig. 19 Par. 9.11H
...-'5p,j!WOf 2{StdfJJacll pip, ":;;';'1"""d ~

we!ded"lll"""I\c:ms:.
-5ymlfl aboul C ~"' •. ' -=--'
.";5l· t.,5·~
>'j ...
·2-Normo/
UeIfJl ~rpo,
s.. ,,,m''''_.'~'''-r ""d'~~~lUU
/oonl __
(121')8.08'" ....\(..
[~M:~ ;~"\]'lf; , ; ; ::i::~~f5~]:~'f~~J~~~I;~j;:"ji;~. f.. "-;~:;: I:I-'I I IJ; :!
'r:':~:;',::", .. ; ".gI1 ~,;:'':l':" ,_" !
,"{Btormq %~"'sp":c~~:'p/ol1".(
I",.EIUlEOIArE CORNER POST END POST
HALF PLAN
DETAIL CW RAILING POST
HALF SECTION A-A
AND DRAIN !"'. ~. !"'·s··...j
~~~~~~ 51H1fJh9,furned f o .... ; 6'~ ...
:---
'0"-1"'~
s'-~ ,
~:,ro~=~ ~':" ! 2"NorrncI---: i-.,
Wh eM £-. i'lt;",_'
.. ~
';,.'l' '"@ --- .~
:Sllopdrill,I"l1Ioafl(J
f 5~llJlug,vfllet1 t
? J;:Isl/p.lJndlfJr- (;mdrndtJf
I2IHfTJ(JI(JII~ CIIC'.""~Chomftr ~s.
2'{-11-< -~~"·'ISf"- ~ .>-j~t·'{ ~ ~~h~:lIheO bathendi,f insidl
24'-O·ROIJt1wO~ '"'
A ~'f"/ 5kJfJ~I·IIII2'1i SPLICE EXPANSION JOINT
. - -..r-o / ~ A
V . V -----r----~-
RAILING DETAILS
.1 :;"'" SECTION B-B
iOOIJfltls. @ 1~:Jr·!st·l/·
(Bel1rrlll/-·· ...5·Clo....
...•.•. - ..•.••..•.••. -.--. ·1$l~II·(c ~orings __
;·fooOfIoAf ESTIMATED QUANTITIES
COllcretc.__________ _ 130 CU.lt15
ELEVATION
: f-
'6GameIQ/olOlP' (?) ~{errt4llltst'f1I.__ __JO,OOOLbi
Structurolsf,,1 __ 240,OOOLbi
J I. ~18,nlbar5~ItJ' SUlf 01' 'CEr to " t~ U :\2'6· LOOL,. tl r' .' .•{IO f/G'hng-.- __ 6.,Joo Lb$
1 ,'0. ,"" . • . I ,,,,, .. [""'Lo, I '".,,, ~. '5,.", • II I6GlJmetaiform _ NOTES "

... ' '" , ..: ·f ,. r .:t;;o:t:;;; .. ·s '; ,I . . . ,:::i ,..,., '. Spot /(f oe=it:.G~~Oo;;"t:H~~;qeO:~(J(/:~':e;~s.::~~JQn
;I@,r- 1'~1(" '~'"~'I" .... i '''''.1'6.,: .....'0· :.: ';';:;;-. " ";'-'0': >;4"0· , . w S8Q1fI C~~;:::ede%~~:f;;.'~Isn;:~e~1f':~f,.,ngtllof30a0!/l~
"""00"". w. r j .",.-.".
"'';;t ai/around catIons for CCnc,.,f, ondRrmforc.d COIlu,f.; JUntl,l94IJ
l:rr ~f,..:c.,.. w"'"".OC"'d~. .,M""'''''.''_,"~_.,f,.r
PART LONGITUDINAL SECTION LONGITUDINAL REINF. BENDING DIAGRAM IIETAI.. FOIfN Rtdorcement s/l(JJ/ ()eJfl'erme<Jiote9 ode, "
OF ROADWAY SLAB Ort/ll{ 110. '{deefJ '" COIlC~ ," A~:::,e;: of COilcrttft to bIJ
:= ,unit$!;chom~ i
~
forfJlT.tlftlreod8dc/flCh(Ylfhors, ~J"'j O_flSKJIIStDre",rorc_lItoreIoCflfltersoftxJrs.
'.I''*'''PS(il''
~l!OChfK'Sf., ~ I
..,
:
: "';..;. ", 1
",' ..:''':1 ~~~::
":"-4-. ',C<J{'/l/larSIIIl·.
.• 'Benf1xmlllO
• '-
~-C~:"~~~~'~:~£_~c:~:~~,: :~~~:~~:~:ic Foc~di"~c~:.<Jm";":
not~llown.'··
{Roadwoy
~
tI~:m1:!/f,'
~ r(]lsedtolmalpos,IJ()"oyrolafllUJend5oround
eoxl'OilfJJflQ(l(Jclo$JIIt} or,hol'rocenterereCfIQll ..
; ·.... t
. : :
t'f ;..
- .:: 1"
,,-;.,-:i H_ .~r :.- "::=~:~ "

/)~~""rw.".r /)~ r"E "''''''''''
.~.' ,: :,:":'"«~~'"',:t" . "'.~=~" ; ";:- 51"'m a/Iouf{
WAI..L MOUNTING
FOR RAILING
"l'Cu....
"""l'' uQl'
"'SSOVR' "t'''E~ BAS"" PROJECT
'£DA" aU)"'- V'I'T->(A'I
CEDAR BLUFF DAM
"O..
• '-~4" s·.! M:I"l'-
HALF TRANSVERSE SECTION SF'ILLWAY BRfDGE
AT INT. FLOO" SEAM I
i 0 ····W·····I PLAN- ELEVATION - SLAB- RAILING
I
11",,~I· J0
F£-'i-,~!,
l./..I.1.l. '" l' OfAGRAIIiI SHOWING SEQUENCE l._li'L "CCO.,OHNfHO :oj/!'ii._- ...
OF PLACING CONCRETE IN SLAB
CHl'c"l'U&'_~~=,,:;;; o~OiC '~;~Wi~(~~~;~~
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
339
INTAKE STRUCTURE ACCESS BRIDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--SANFORD DAM, RIVER OUTLET WORKS Fig. 20 Par. 9.11H
~ - (. Br'd9" (j.r>d tROdd",Q.';J
r 1- and t..(olu"m Ie,?

J
'0 i
/~.~_ (&-..19" and L RO<ldw<l'J ~~~:--.i--,.
:=.C::I ~aft"J ':'.--N7c"J)'~
--r f Ii.. " ----'''>t_ ;~"-
l . 1).-
y/ \-eK~'~J""j"',.,''''''.Jf'(J'''''' B'O~- ~ ~_,,:<!'

,J<!OJ,~
&,'" 1I
~J:'._L--f-1-,jC,t~,-~'-_
,f"......,rlrll".'eZ4:"~.·· RrIIMI_, tM.itu .t8~8'=--
" " ~1~lA!; / I
DH'.ol-I
~-.Ei25'",,11. I
PLAN
El.r9S->I.IL;' EL[VATiQN- AeuTMENT
.,,1. P,~r
+- - 175'-4~
Io-"-:Ir--- C--B<l~~ 0,i~,c1,...t>/I,
L I...,fok~ f<>~r ~ r.lJrfP 1:--!O~ t. 8rfP.
5f«,8+6!J - ~ fT,?CO<:CcBrp.
~-. ~;m,t.F_"''''•• "t

f Zon~ i! 1>" .... 1 ~+o ... ~d £"".fG_<!~
_~ 5CenON A-A ELeVATION-PIER
REFERClfCE DRAWINGS
,"~"OlITL"T'IIO/tt($-""."NltJr_L~CTI()IfS ~D-1O
'"T.",..r'IPUnmoE .'-D-21
Ajoo 01' <~' E/ JOO,.r, (;CJ

~"-r+!'--~h"'-""'J~,",
:
I
;,L1~j~~~;~~ ~~/6._~~~t, .. +,;w.",:
NOTES
3' ffir"p- th!.sign~(Ifl"Ii~!<J6drJI~/SkntJ"llclr{/I/5-H)tr.l
I c
-; 'J ~"J - ----r Il~ A:wd o"fOp.~f';
I"~_-.-_l '--llhm c""""",,1'!' <k3lgnAaed_", ~1C"~t#'JJ«),"~i
i I "BK'i ,-
411b'~,tIgn,f~lhk~_i;""O",U~
I 4]'"--"-1 '1"
II ' ......
~.;I'$ ~~~It!'k>~ ... 1hJl'tM'*-
~;;-
"/~ v-·- -~ _.L. - ~ dlsl..l/1lJ(¥Ww«I1~Q/'C»tY't!k.,q~~
[SCOI'tllIOfl
i,
I
Y" Zi>- islr,.,.-~'-s.-dMn>.t1NIr1br#G'_"'._:;f~.
uc.,l'p.,,,"",,,, #c.Jur di3l-= num;l'.wt>l' ""~
/lpI'U/.",.th ",,/tICk (;1"2-"1? !>'l'"k/.o!''''' is ,'Y-a/uoS, JWIfI
--l AJf!f;:;::/ 'fr;;/o"::1IIt,21~~5_~;:r foofldaf rj--~T - .1'_1IlI'Iue If,kkne.u#~ IN.,> J."
A / l d - _ S /rJ"""~~,,r_m t:eiJkr.5 oI'bMo.J
"""" r IJ ,,~ __~~r_s:"::~N:~Uf ~ ~twr,H~"",*.:a.. ~.sbow.
~~ Y>NI-"" ~ M <#Jd;:S~nutvv:./
~_~
"<8,,.;;" I /~1 nE~n~
191'-O~ ".,5,-/-"
__ __
~·B.do"o"~H I! • FDr tJr~ f1iN fDlHltltllIt1f/ grtJUf"'9. JU 6&?-S25-/2OI.
Sta.Q'--'".l-~
~', ,-z<>-.' .......,., "11<><>, l~.;I"Z" ,_,_ ...
-:::I.r
~~z LOW~"~P "..",rueNr ~fNr"V6J 4
"~- - ~=~#- ~ · ," " '- L
C~~"JO'O"Dn3-- _. t t- .::1 ~ ..t7ME.<'EP ALJPT 8AJE-.ffQ-·--
-+- l~'-' '-~---,
~I!
-r- r LIST OF DRAWfN6S ".,........f"MOCN'tN'ntII"' ..............
10-11-""" ~]!~" "-~-£<f\ll'>(lIlj-$E(;rlOOl5 ~~_.6U-l'>-.., .""'''''U __'''-''''''''ON
C."'.DI""'" ,,,,,,.,, _O,JE~T- TEX• •
FOOTING PLAN if1!:.:ii'l... .... SANFORD DAM
JO 0 .90
" Jrj . ;~ ,,-------::::~:!::l "lifE" OUTl..£T WORKS
INTAKE STRUCTURE ACCESS BRIDGE
w..~---l....-....~...L ._.J PLAN- ELEVATION - SECTIONS
SCALE OF "-Err
/ PLAN .9"""--.
ANn/OR BOLTS - INTAKE .:-O"kR ,"_<0 _ •• _.?"d'! .
I <
_N::::;,.,~:.:-~-:-~~ . ,:~:'~1.p;:'«J
341
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
CaLaL 2nd Related SU",l(~tures Chap. 9 Bridges
GLEN CANYON BRIDGE--GENERAL PLAN AND ELEVATION--GLEN CANYON DAM Fig. 21 Par. 9.11H
Tf:-~IF-~",
~~~~~~-l ~B~n'h __ {I J1680 fi05,,,f'I'u;c,nt. .- ~.q..~'O··S'd~"OI' fJo~t" filler joint T,op door,. rtrr:----
:~-{,~ .\t:;-~ , f fJrrd~e 106,"00'£ E~pjl)mt--" £~~_
~'" '\,','" <//1 12":" I 1 ;- ··jO'· 0" {(Dud""" "T 'j-Sla.15I6+lKi,:J2
-~
r .." ~
_c, ~ %i==
'. - 1 . ~MpO!1? .. ,M .;:::'-,,"
lund,,,n ~().f
-' 'i ';i'~.'\ )lS:: ,,;,,~,7 ;'IH
.L1_~
2:~
"'it '~"
PLAN
.,. .,. ~--'-Con~~te d«~ con$tructi()ll J,qu,nc:,

'. /271'-0·
12<'IJ'-O
[n( fir ,,~~I'Tlent ...;
4,~ '>4'O'·2I6'·(J·
Ii' 8rgSfQ150Hjj40'
[lgMpnle <lA
C1R tl J8lIJOC
';
.·Upper ChUrt}
foor,ngl
-Sk~.tJad I
.'-'rat"e 20 (",.,n~'''~n,"
Praf,le 20'up,tream ELEVATION
NOTES
Oe,,'ll' baled an H20-S15 leading in accard()ll~' ,,;th"SIandard
SpUlf,catl(}{ts fQl'Hlgh.,I1J 8rldges; TM Amtr;'I1f1
AS5aCla'lo" of StlJt~ High"oJ Offi,iaIS.19~J {d,tl()Jl /1/Jd
lu"~eqllenl r~~I.ions
Can~rete de5lg" hand on a cO'Jlp~55i~~ s'rtlrrgth tIT JOOOp.f.i.
F md{CDt~J Fi.tld. £ iMI(ottS £~p(/flS;on
SID" mD.inqJOfon trailu load "e'mi,Jlble
! Far <af!<r~t, ,,"k crmstr",fiOil "(111',," su Or,,,l/Ia 557'0'"
~
4'
I ~/?~~
~ ~ ..ntis:
D f.Cc
SECTiON A-,4
DCPA"r ..O,ror r".- "HC"'"''
"lt~C"lt or ~cc~ ..... r,a"
~ ?,I~'J,f'~{ 61
[ "i'~ ..j?'J. tl COlO"''''OO ",,"ER SrORAGE ~RO.JEcr
"',O£l<.E /f,"ER O~~C",;~~~~~~~:r- "'/f'¥'-ltr.AH
GLE!N CANYON BRIOGE!
GENERAL PLAN AND ELEVATION
_v;?~.
ORIENTATION MAP C%rorio "i,~':.._. __
'". :7
0).,./1
:::::~~·~~:~aa.·-·~::;:::~:;;:-i~~;
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
343
C8.n~~L ,~u;d Re~ated Structures Chap. 9 Bridges
GLEN CANYON BRIDGE--GENERAL PLAN AND ELEVATION--GLEN CANYON DAM Fig. 21 Par. 9.11H
,iIi, r\ ,F', <'"~'_. '''''"''''~''; . n. ." . ,,,.,.. . . '- -, j;;:

. • ~ fxf, _'(".01 ? 1 li 8r.. dlJ~ N 5Y.OO~l J'~ £xp ]o",f-- -f i
"""'::rr:i'!f'./_--I csi,Low_,J ~~:;MPOIPWllh .~{=1="~:5~:eO:~Ol - -,~~
I, rtrj., jvncl,e~bo.
PLAN
;. . it - ':-"'C<mlinte <1«. NMfrudiml uqu,ltt,

; ,
1N'8'-O"
f~GQrot~I7l~nt .., ... 6!J a .... 6~:O' 4l~!J4'(j·~.'I6·'O· -·-'-----T:::-~···-;:-~r's~~.£nd"'t1bUfm'"'
r
£ 8 g I Slal!JO';'9U40 " pole ""',A
5;; ;I~;;::O~)O'; t -l.gM f Br, S"'(S/6 "61_4().·~: i ,c CI" £r J'''l.oo
"Ii ,:I;..--- -----=-.;=------=-=--=------~----===--::;:-- , ,2SI!fr:=
'-'lrIS/opt!
Abutm,nt 2
~.
Upp",c,ord
{oe f ,n9' __ upp,r C!lON!
fD<!fmgp
··St,wbcct f
/oll'·O·C,'ocpln.
f'rocl'eCf'i:
ELEVATION
'-Profi~CI' f
Pre!,/, lO'je"flslrecm .. " ,',
NOT~S
D~.iqfl bru~d on Hi'O-SI& 1000dKIV" occerdrmn .lth"Smlli/lord
SptClf'CC'I(JII& FtJrHi,hwoy 8r'dgu; Thll A",lIricofl
AssoClof!(ln /If Stafll H'lJb.o)'Qfficiols,lgS~Ed,fi(lttud
5ubstqueflf rf ~is",n,
C/lncrtlt dt$igfl"os,dall{1comp~,siu tlrllngflta(JOOOpsj.
F mdicl1tt' F/Jilld, (indICa"" £op4f1./o"
S/crr mO.In'! $0 foo fro'l" 'oQd ptrm'uibk
Fer concrttt dta C(Jfl'trucfifJ/I '~qu,nCII ItII ONlr~ ~l-D'~
I
-V
1 ~c~~~~
~ . . . .a
{-'t
'" '
.
~ Hnd98 SECTION A-A
I>£"AII ••U'" ",.,,£ ''''£'''011
Y_ . ~_L-_~ """~"U 0' .. ~C"'...AT'O"
~ COLOIIIIOO ",YE" $TOIIIA.~ ""O".CT
"UJOL~ "'1/1;" 011/.- ~LEN ~""YON UNIT--".",l.. UTAH
t ,,,,, . GLEN C;ANYON DAM
~ ~ Be.h'.e
GLEN CANYON BRIDGE
1 'L!~ GENERAl. PLAN AND ELEVATION
__~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Colorado R"t,

2""--.....
ORI~NTATIOrv MAP
::::::~~-~2!~: ..... :::::;::::-~-:fi~;~~
I> J.,/:J 551- D-43
D8-3-5 - : 2/8/67
345
Canals and Rehted Structures Chap. 9 Bridges
WATERHOLES CANYON BRIDGE--GENERAL PLAN AND ELEVATJON--GLEN CANYON DAM ACCESS HIGHWAY Fig, 22 Par, 9.l1J
,-DrUIn ,·Dram
'.
" ()I.um5hllWitttl~,qfp/ocjnfJcum:rttJ;n
:-- -.J. ." ${JQ!ISI,2/JndJ.
f.parwonjrJi!lt :: t .. _lE~jlJlflf
iJ-rCn[I:Jjr:-CJ~~~~~~~-"[~~~~-~~-1
r Ii .~~ ~ : f :~ .~! : ii i
:~
l----ccc>~---jl---:,~----j ~=I~=:~=~;:':')~=i=~=====--====~ ~~;=~~~jl--==-,,:=----=-~
8«tof~I,Abu""".1 r·-~·,r~ --RI1I1drtol df"glf/$- ~ li)uces (j rd--c"' /20-0··- ~"'J'-6r-~
Sftl/!{H .019ot-- ••• ,.~
~i PLAN
... 1JfJ'/jr -f
;ttl;-
~:':~II°::CO:~~t::~b@~®::,'n:~~~
2Ot~~~- : :..8Df;kwaI/dfn!rM ';''J' 9/ICbJDI/11f"--_~- 40'1" ->j-;t.'20r Nilt leu than 7 dars S~/J/I fI/Jp" blt_ tMtplrtiOll
BndgtRailm9 Pr1$1 Spocillfl---··r+5~.s.";""-'--'-'_.~~~'J~ Jl'-~ •. l' 5f'a /1O!j.51.JO .., A StD II06H)(()~ : :~::;C5®~g;m~y~.O;:::r:?I~:f~,::~e~:r@Idp"
'l-8@6f5l:/'O.'
~ 81V- ~._
1. -f:I/~f-:I~';';/"'~ t has cr-strm,rh ar tooOp.s.i.Plac.,.,"'t@",,@cfl/lr.
CIIiFl45lJ6f'·-"·-." ._ ~;:161· ~ -'-~'·--"@.s~.)I·'Jr·'6·'. .
'--"U/fl4~,'6(J .404'~Gt'adei ~[l49!!,4" •. 1.:.~.~.l·ItiI[fiX!'J:f"'(jtrJdt IftlJtW rritlJ fIJ/s.rIOf"/( supportl"9 sptlll2 rtmtNfd,JN'twIdMJ
- - trJllCf'ffl;lI®fHnIJS'rellgtlJofJOOOp.$;"rIJJUllf(d~
457)99
l fb/EIIp<M$Dl
~ E~~T:t:;£/ PIJrling ® moy ~ rs_d bffore pllJeilllJ®.
~. '.". ='.• ".."
, :",~_ \ ~--------mro ===-----",.-...",,=====
Pr1yi'IItfr!rozearat/(>"!
--- j'
f Frome5pQn_. '_.~J
< A
Cons! joirlr·~"
\"',
' .....) '*tvlbridgdroililtg-
;'
i
PQl/ ne f()l" eUlNahutt ~ I, . . -.Ikri"'9 pcmt
1I~51.e-~_.-, ..- £1454813 ELEVATION ~._:::.:_::~~~,.:::.. uu:~~: ./ GENERAL NOTES
foof"'fp " .,;-~ _.",' " IMlrtillgfJf/)int- D.sif/l boudlJtl ~1O-$1~ 1oad1ll11 illlJCcordlJncl wiffl'!:iltrnd-
BottlJlllof.esr (, --\ flf5441'J IJf'd SptlCifiwfiotrs frJrHIgfrrNlYBrldgls: Tfre Amuit(7l1
sJle.boc* foofll'tfJ • __~,~ \ \\ Assaciatiofl ()fSflttll Hif/l.,gy OfflCilJls,,"J EdifitHI,aMI
for ~ and IIXJ TOIl frailer /«Ids lIS slM.., ill DwJ 5571HZ
SKEWB4Q'{ I , .
"4E4;~
SECTfON A-A Conet'Ift (jq~ baSH OI'IIJ CtltllfJf"fl5$~ srr.ngfl! (f! JOOO,IIi(
FootMp of tIbufrrIltlts In4 d ..b9ds shG/1 til frJlIfI4Id
Budaft/ftJ1I SEC. o-c (Sitrliltrl 011 rod.
AlNrmtl/ltl--
~ 'I"!!,•. em IndiUtu U't/fIIl uf 1YIfJdtM/1 t1t f Mdgf
:~::~;:;,;, •.~'\,+ SpDIt,/tllldJdfflfelj"lJtmidrpoIlU/!iIWdfodl«td.
1kJtNfl,c1itJIItllktMJllclfrJrdItJdlfJlJdft:lHlIlddfiflS/NMl.
Profi~ t!O'Eostof f Ro«lrtay
-, ,". __ --PrTJ/iI~ off RaxJwuy
;--tl~ \ ~// .-Pr~?o'WesroffRoalM!!1
l_~~'.*\, /\
..~
r- ~ \ \ f Roodlta18i.8l'idgt----
: ':: I ~ ~-_._.--'-
-H -t=~:=q=t:4r
"), ,'~ \"
SECTfON S-B
I, . •"" _1..._
\ ~ '·f-" ICl<II.'UWlJjN:fN~"'>T_IN>._C.",cll
g .J.LIf.
-L"" It i-"'i;-TT"'"~ 'OIlI'~-r/i:lili" i'i~i;£IIC.T 110'11:
tB" _i __i " ~ •. II.
\~\ '......, '>'OOTfNG PLAN ···;:~.I::::: :=:,::,,'::'::;'::'':::;;','::.'~~..-
.,ggU ft~~;~g~:fr~J~~~}fl~~;;~~.. UT.H
\:. GI.EN CANYON DAM

ACCESSH_
--\\~"\. ', " ~ CANYON BRIDGE
GENERAL PLAN AND El.EVATH:W
II " ., '"
, kt.~fEd I __ ~.'~'_'" ~._. !L~~I.!( _
\"\ ~/ ------------ .__..II\..r, ~ _ _• .fcfJ1!~p.'! _
-'- -·---~·-~~·-ri.lJl·--···.-,;;;,--!..,A..'s.:.~~ . . .···-·--
551-0· 2
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

347
NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD BRIDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--EAST LOW CANAL Fig, 23 Par. 9,13A
rt,orlsIjvord nJll DfJ/t, one {zj"

(utwr1$Il''',otlMf!ofspon,on
f"S"lfhhoo."olfSOfldonfies J',," Roifmr; 54$-,
adjoc,ntf"obuffjOlntsofguord
>;---+'---- Jrl·CorrlfN}'bolfs, ...
TCul t,mbers. J"zlo"8oatS/lI.es I (u!lIIcsherl'oc/J.,
on other fIls _.• '{~'·Balf,2cut
JI'O" s·,~·G/IOrd"mb'lf:
i;4"Raili/?9 HS, • . - lI10sfltrs
Sliff)omtsonfles r,6"CorriogtlJolt5, '.
",tltf"<lO"boof I ruf.,osllereocll
spileme(Jchftm/)er,
~ ;../"-0' f":i: ~~~~~:~.'-
'.'
'2i."~
Nol',"Spld,-,nlJ l:
rOf1l1e<;frwrJfeach ; : -/",ll'801f,1
~~~::;~~:;f'l~QlfSin : .' IOrlNolls: "i/',: ~15::~: "C;/::~~;S

lever)' third fitondrJf.: l'I:/O·SIS': / :', N"f hi, for
','!d.Qf$pOn,w,fhone,: j 'OrlNolls" br;C/n(;'
I "'.
".-".,~' ,
r, ..
\, f BridlJI and
~:"':~"""'h L';i~~1-1~1rlJ '. """-""o..
"tt,
",,;~:r.'!.~::"
l.q·-lIfc,c8tllmS ->I Evtr, fie /6'-I)"foTII/
£rract NQtch titS fQrf'flfh,ods
SECTION THRIJ DECK

,.LAN
,
,.,o ~
t-: IIJ'-J"b fob oburm,nfJ
focI of '''':'''f -<:lA -<18 >,,;'

J''-o'c c (/tOflRqS" ~ ~:::I;~-FOCe Qf boc~woll
b"""/"?~ F:~.".,:;;" ...."" '';\ic.''''/~-~:;''"'' '~:rt., ""em, __ ~~.",,,o.,
r,,,,,,,--,< _-' P""-Thffi;~~' _.,,,,, G,:"'.:---,-p",,~b,·, """"
, I I -Riprop nut
£XP FIXED -- EXP
_,J,..-",..
~1r,- I mi&I '~"-'
3-- -~ 1 rtF ~:~:::L::!:J "."' ,,0:
~
_...__ __1.,
SECTION A-A
/OECK "or S*JII1N' _____J
~.I'.·£lI2U41) SECTION S-B
18"Lollrofrlufltp,rI r,prY:Ipon
CQflCref'._......... 1"0 CrJ.Yds.
Rt",fQrCtdlMI siul ,.poo L b$
:::!fi/!:!~i:~'~;:Erif:~'" Struc/ufo/steel 99,000 Lbs
ELEVATION
"'''''''''~L::,~"
£//UJ."·.' NOTES
',' -- ((Jlflpact tmtsa(I(JOfI(J
£IlllfJ, ...< t:'--,._PIICISQfcallCht D1~'~i~~::'~::f~~($~:::fd~:i::::c~1~:;~-~~To
:-C. n,·on._ -~ ~-'-IJ'-O·----"'i IJ'·()' '<- {j'-O'·'··""!
Edlf-ion,Alfleflcon Roilwo)'Enqinetrinr;4$soCi4-
Fmtsund tiM
Ef,rot,ons shown for/xlffomsoffoot",qsOrt
[lllIO'-'_,
OOOfolllflaf,onfy
TEST PIT No. , Fooflngs deSII/fl,dforonassulfI,dfJIlQwobl,bo$'
'T' ,'. " ZO'LTO" ST•. JJIIl"Z prusureoflfQllspersqfl
• • 'UIf, ••I,
I~ ., r " '[...1'' -' ' ' ' '"
conol ... ..
'"""-"'-"'' 1.' . . .,,. T'-'-' [E
.. I
' : - - - .~ t- - # .. -~ ~ ""'... ,~£::::'"
'" -..... ... ,o.~"" aru !;,?, '""f ,(
o Ellll"'-_, o" ......., ......'o .. ' ..r' rr ..'o ..
.. "" t· Trr1ck ...
l .........H.. ~--,;--- J (ompfJcf limy .. u .." ..uor .. f n .,o ..
fI)'OO y °00 1 'i: "I 'iQ"OO
.....'i. ~'i' :i' ~ COLUMe,,,, • • SIN
""OJECT-W.<lSHIN8TON
"'1191"''''. :f~ ftntS(Md E.<lST LOW C.N.L- ST•. 332IH·$O.'"
L ,,'J' - ,,' Finesond NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILROAD BRIDG£
~-- J,'-,r.. -L- .. 36'-,··-. J6'-at- .. ->:,
1 l...-·-.Foc,ofbacboll - -·E Pl,r E P,,,
r FoctQftJockll1o/f··_·>
flllll/--\. _
PLAN-ELEVATION- SECTiONS
Foa TI N6 PLAN "O'~~~:~~~~JIYI~~"~

LOG OF TEST PITS
;:::~~i1;.o':~~~::~~;;:~~~I'1
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
349
Canals and Related 3trl:clures Chap. 9 Bridges
C. M. ST. P. AND P. RAILROAD BRIDGE--PLAN, ELEVATION, DECK--EAST IDW CANAL Fig. 24 Par. 9.13A
,\~ ...
Siopeil S!Opefi :ISeoltdellm~r . -Bollasillmber
6'-O'Rerm . 'In roc~
~-~-'fi mrack·, :6'O-Serm boltl-2eoll FI()fJr{)lon*~,
.,~_
appro. op{)rOI <,p"n~/f~x Aow " ,'. '-Wolkwoy
26:0" .~ .. ,
'''~ 0" 26-0'·
..' ···,·t't-
f"","~-'.,-,,~~,."., ;::::::::::,: • ,;::;:;,./ "':':::' ',m'"
,,,,,oed ': __._ E-i bQJILul}.osll~r .-Foceofo"ulmenl SEC. D-O
8348~ 12 COIl bo,*",oll
~j 5{)"nl},HeJ oilnco
. _.-.: nul,S{)!u.:eli@
8;~//::;~:CI:_!J. __ >': Onloogenl f-o"or;pro. Plqle'C' It:! PI 16. 1 -;J I Hjies
::-;r~Y:~ ---=- ._._~ J'8 II I j' "",",'",,,,,!.. ." . ,,,.".N,
~~ ~J=i.lJ "" ,
~"J.,°v¢tdtdl '.. :,;;~". . ~""'" .~ IL' +J 1
" ~ '" '2'- 9~ ••';"'-'2'-6"'.
,er6~3'-------
-:
'--~T_:J---~-- DETAIL OF FLOOR AND WALK r'
'~l~"""I,''"'T,- , .Canol SIO 3460 +~.'l'8
0 ", < h«U. • Sl'mmoboul{deck
(RR Sia i'lJ f l l ~ 0
",-,-: r _ j RR /jndl}eNa ff-2?1Jf OETAIL OF BALLAST PLATES

Noll' For 1i~lg;~sd~:~~;~ro'l
PLAN 9";- fSle,lano[Oec_
~~~n~~ °222_0./6608_. 51"1"1 about [ 'lcepl
'-- .j fafwallr.ay
1:7::;,'::;, ~ -=--=-----. ~ ,--6'~ Iq"SDllosl

tImber-rough
If!- '< 400' (] .. ",' r." .""..." BloCIB.,i' S,fI ,
,!~~ 0Jil-
""1 A 4':4;cBfI}5 . ·,H~ ",'
r>--B!:;-. .~ "W"" lop 01 Ill'
",'",,8,., """" 4",,;"FloorplonhS2£
~, ·''!/;;;~''''=:;i~ {mrnbel.eel1r/ants
,,,,,fbock.al
'''~~- - ---:;-=1 ,'",''CO',_ '" "'/I",12"8roOel
;lmberS2f
9'~.''3'"~ ';;:---==::'::"".N".':----'-];~
--,;;" r flseallJfel'mberbQl1
! - -- f'",
--P'~''''']1 -'~ ~ /-2Coi/sprmq He-J
A/lCooul
','-.... > 'I i ESTIMATED qUANTfTIES
r.·oncrele .__ . __ IJOCuYd$
,,,n"".;;;,., T' \ \ '.C<_"7
' I ''''''''-'------w-J;
ABUTMEN J. __ .. SECTION C-C Relnforcemenl sleel 8,!jOO Lb5
~A ~',:. 5tr~clula I 51 eel. 105,000 Lb5
-+,., ~~.",""
["lJq~t La PIER
NOTES
Design based Oil Coo{)er [-12JQOdlfll} Inoccordalfce wdh"5p«iltcolu>s
lor Sleel Railway S"dge5', 1~!i(J etid/on oflhe Arne-m'on ffoil.oy
ELEVATION f"l}meennljAssociotion
:t=ll~R::;~"""! CQncrele rJeslfll1bo~edo"ocOmPfeS5'v~ 5lrenl}f.llof 3000Cl.5.1 In
accordance ",l/hlhe"Ameo,on !fol!woy[ngloeermqA5$OClanrm
~,.;;-~~----- - -,,~:, Specificollon5 forpe51gnafPlainandRemforcedCantrefi
"'--1'-6"--_
Membefs~ 1950 [d,flOn
SECTION A-A Allupasededge50fconcrele5bollbechomfer,d'l:
~3'-Or;'6~ {DeCkno/5I1o",n} A/!reIlIIOfC,menIJllallbeplocedsolhotlhecenlersofbafSin
:4:-6~::~~ Ihe ouler Icryer be 2'1; from loct of concr~te uMenolh".
,.,,11
1 .ise ~ho.n. 1ll1l1lm~nsians 10 ftlnforcemtnf ort to c~nf"s
of bGr~
~ ! '; Remlor,,~menl sholl {I~ deformed AS Till A-"-39. inl~rm~rhoft
I . I : ~ - )ft~;RS!~~::_:_ qrode
ffjnrJ9~
II, -I
~~,,~. l' I :, QnrJflro[k
":~;:::::o';,, I.Gpoll oors 40 bar d,o,!,r:lers unlr:ss other",se ~lIcwJl
TOCiofr.lbutment5andOlerunderteofl"l}sfa/lebrauqhflopra~r
ele.ol,ol' bybl,l511 hammeringorqrrfl(j,ng. EI~.af'onoft"'dg~
j·i"-
, rL
'Q '.
'i
:1II ,'<'3"
57~~~~,P::o~~:'Lt_
5urlaa
'-mTPf_=OUJdP.
seal~ ore /,flol (jres~ed concrefe 5Uf foces
~~loll~~:5eJe~~~~~';~~~~OnS~5s~:~~~I~f,~a::~);lIb~~:~~;~~~~~e:f
5tOl!SperSl}fl
flHolions 01 baltom offoof,nq5 ore opprl)lImuleanly
LOG OF TEST PITS

cJill COlUM8'A
&!c~."r"CNr O~ r..c ,,,rc,,,,,,,
."JlUuOF "~"LA... n"..
8ASIN P~O.Jt:CT ~ .... ASHINGTON
E ASr LOW CANAl.. - STA. 3460+4~.IB
FOOTING PL AN SECTION 8-8 C.M. ST. P. AND P. RAILROAD BRIDGE
PLAN - ELEVATION - DECK
, - •••• , !i!""'-
;~:::J1!..;:'"::::::::':::~4
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
351
C;::r:::;::; l\cbt(,<i cp'"", """,, Chap, g Bridges
',oR:mHh PACIFIC HMLPOAD BPI:JCiE--PLAN, ELEVA~ION, SECTIONS--EAST LOW CANAL, ROCKY COlILEE WP,STEWAY Fig. 25 Par. 9,13B
-~
<, _ 'i!'--' "J~~ii ::;,;::::~-'i~":r'il ri:::,;"4 ~ !

';~'-- =,~I~' """"~''''-r' ,,>++ ,.' ~J :r'f'''''', I'." ~T~
! I:'!I''I,'.
/it1f'i'",: ..:' X-}, ,.
",'I'L~, ,"
... ·"'-F~reofboc,,wI4~· "t.'9
~~,. ,~
'
~f,;;:i~~£,{;.,¥t:;·::;~%tfi~i:i"·:~:, .,,~ ~ m
..
·:·rirrll~-.,~~~~<, . 8 ',""'.' ";v ,I', ' '
',,_~_n,:*:,'r "~,;,-- ,.,'r~r~llo' UPP~RS~ARJNG i-'''(~'-'~~, :_~/l""-<-;_~.~!'
IT[ fnr ....nSlrec, m '-I I ·41 i J i
".t" i ,i; , .lIn Q of.lllnl:t,oo./Y'" J", J.-",.. 'BIYareo[lII%,% BN}-arl(J[III'hi"·
~'" :' :,:,."
~,_~,_~
FOU""~OU'R~O RtJ'I,ngl)'Oa~ "'B~J"-o"+J'O·+·4'·O"- 4'O"'_"J:o·4-J-,'o·,~
-. ,.i,{ao.TStM1tlll&rwf5ano1{oND't>l'r<, ""jll~] ~. ~o', -"SECTIONS-S HALFPLAN-ASUT.I HALFPLAN-ABUT.1l
I.:r;[:iroo.-el !>erX5P 01 welt!,'r>,Jao(t.Jn'erboreWb'
'I''t
rE§' .,'~7 l""~ t '"lHoie,IOc{iXJ!ts
' I
,", J'Gu.d~' EXPAN~JON BEARING , "2 :.. _j ':':' I~',!u' ~
Cr;a..........
, ·i;~~~·;":'':~:':::'~, ;~: ' :',',:'" ~ 'f,U -~,' !,.. t ~2~;'~;t' ~ ~l'~:i;:~~':" 00", "
,'j>""'" l'tltO D,,,','f,'" ", '""'7"'H,'" m "l~· ,~ l"''''''''''''''!

,.._~;"'r"",,:;;l:,"·:'L?"~L'ft'l'J ", fir: ~'I .' j- ;1
" . ,..,,,, ""9" [,h"k! .~_ _ FfX~~,!',;:;:"NG "",~",'oo'·_'I. I I I~ '0 I '
;.;;,':~.:'.~,:,. ",,,.,,,,
<i.:f.:1 """,,'. -l\jj~fl-Ji"
"';;~',;~,~;':"', ~i' . };"j ~ ,: '/ I ,. _ .; :,
-1' f ' • 1. IT c1' """,,>-tt- T,t'l:Tsl sl .,:"..., r;;t'"

T:' :~i~; "d;';~·';"i., """',,:' .;: ,;oW'''"
I•• ,,;V:EW;~;:., 5''''w , cl> HAU" ELH'ASU'';' ;;ALF £LEV-ASU"'
, J, ,,,,ro''"'~'''' t'
" " m , , ' ' '1 '. ,I,jfl'- ;.•.. 1··";fJ ;.• ",n.- ~ 'S"MATEo
r, .>B"" ~~~A;'A' D.~m::· DE~"L'C' own ~;,,,,,. S~G ~~E:;;;~;,;,~,:";;gn::: '0'

, ~
oe"'l" basM on [~51oadin(} ~~J:,~~l'l' WlI'1'1"$pKlflro!I(1fIS f~r sr~
;5:~ '::r.',t';';~W;;;~ f=:S~::J';:f:,;~;:;=r::~"'1.t~~f9/:=rIM
fit"",f'""", "' r" ""~ ., "'.~' .U_,LL.' , , COl>(;,'elp d/>s,gn based
or. a comoress'i<It stre~t~ of JOOO Ibs per
SG In In occordan~e ""il~ tIlI!I ".IImen~M FbllrlllOy fng'l1/1f!rmg
A55oe,01wn S~eCIFI~Dt,on5 for [on"efe and Remforc~d "",c",fe
FOOTING PLAN RIJ'ffood8rldge5"19~4f(Miofl
'~" of loe Jli' er~o~er1 ecljes 'of concrete tr:! IJe chomferM r
,1lIl;- ~'~':" "b''''8~
.1111 cemforrernent 5/10/1 O~ Placet '0 IlIaf ItitI c""re" u! lmc> In
"~F""'j'",""~-- I~e wier lrJyer "".II be ;" f'"IJm tau of concrete ~n1eS5 o~r"",se
shown .IIIId,men5,(mS 10 rt'{lrorcemt{l! crt to renter5 oftlor,
! [!,,~ahQn, of bndge ,eo',' Oce fiMI dreHed concrete <~rface.
Topofabllfmerltl under btQnfl91 totJetJrouqM to proper
ele.ot'an by oo,n ~ammerlflg or grindlflq
~ l;r~I'""/I!:I!.',' 'I""~::::
•
IMed",m ~OM MlIIIl
mm ,lea", delay
Ali nv~!'rd'Q... ~ter
f'qure(~)
ondocQ'eS me' numoer (If /I{)!e, 00101 eocto Se<lof1l'm;ionflt;
f~~,~~;:; :~~:G~;edl:::'~:~n;:~;:;a:;c~~"'Zy %":c~ml,~:
nt
fltlflfMwne U2 0, J]S22
i; :'i'~~;?c;"~"'-"~j W:~z·" , ~~:lio~~~~~e;,,:~~~esi,~~~e D"'''.
~'---:-~'~~---
on..: D:.NCHOR u OC,.AH""" Q' THC ''''C~'Q~

IW""'""F ~U.A ..A"O"
, ; ,.:,"'~"::''':'5~~~~; ~2 ~~::,.:-~;-~ ;~:; ;LG LOG
': 't I "mNGFOR
80"ABurMENTS '51'","" CO"-',,""'A BAS'" ""OJlCT-WAS>/'""TO"
" ""j . , ' '" , ..,.'
,~- , .'
'" ",f l~--,--'l,~!..,--!" .....!-c=--------"==E
~Asr LOW CA ....A ..
!PI
'' ,:t',,!'-, ~ JP!"l~;:'·· . . M ,~l$;f'T"
,,..~- C"'It,Dl!omfl;;nqetrCIearI"ernooam .6 R[Dulq[O
ROCJ<Y COVtE~ WASTEWAy-srA 139"812
NORTHERN PACIFIC R.R. BRIDGE
I
pn<ls: PLAN-ELEVATION - SECTIONS
FnJfQ ; l: '~~:J:'j ."~_:;::j~;-"~ :~ in~ 'Q""L!:H:;f:~~e:H:;er:~:et~~p 1e9 ~,
•• ''--'8..'''CO .'!,.5.a.~/r;r... ...

~
END DETAIL STIFF. DETAIL PANEL POINT DErAIL
~9! <i-~~:: rboH~ ;ar nfA,"~o, ',~,G ~'G"""... H~'D NRAPJj,rr.1~1
SECTION A-A GIRDER OETAILS SECtiON H-H C"W€O ~a--::..~:;:~::::~:~J;:'~:4~:'~~~tI394'
DS-3-5 - 12/8/G'I
353
Car,als Llnd Related Structures Chap. 9 Bridges
UNION PACIFIC HATLROAD RELOCP,TlON, RED ROCK RIVER BRIDGE--PLE\N, ELEVATION, ABUTMENTS--EAST BENCH UNIT Fig. 26 Par. 9.13B
23'-0'
""' I~'; Id-o' t -I()·~o"··
I '-.
~~---\ iBrtdge a"d I-,.'Symm 01>0<11 [
1 \
[Abulment-. -1
·r'6"8oll~ ",'lh~1 nut and "Qsller.
\, \ :' pro)eCf'{for6>4t/moSkiS.'.
"~8"c, Girders .
~j~ T
\\ \
I '"
~~'fB" ~{J
-. . I, l~'~lm~~------ Slefl ~/ie5't.f.;--1-~-i}---.rjr- "",-~ ---l;i-J
SECrlON A-A
.• B--."jf'~ :8r~~:/I::~~::u~~eo:~~~
.~
··~:6f~~@ll'."~01/~:ffs~~r ~~~@Il
,
'-~~ SEC. E-E '. ), "~
,'- ,>1_ 'L
". r/f5~';'=-'---~'~~~~~: ,"J1~@ll }~=-:.~~--:-i-.i:;:-~. ~'-O' .+ 4'-0" J. io"ll-o".,.i:,',,/..
-8forlflf).IIreo f, , ..OUZ I lJeor"'g Area fl~C04zr
~, ~ I~u\ P~,",,;;;~" C_~~~.",)
SECTION 0-0
HALF PLAN-ABUT.' HALF PLAN-ABUT 2
PLAN ·~@/z"N,5,an<1FS Br':
. ~ ••~, ,-:~-, "r I=-- >'P'

Md!!ONJI-e;;7i, \"'":' "1 :""zE__ iii;" Ball.,,!rt~ h.t nut Gnd ",a$htr.,,,...ll /
I
t 'j(j'·rr"lifQnrg$ .-ml-;= ,., . -fu···",··,..·'t-;
.~ F, :tr,~"~ fBi..l -"-.--------- .1.-._
• " .,,, "" ..;Co,' ]=} i::f'ff2"! I I

-4ila"d,-rl.~,---,co;;::.~d [ , : ; - __
,.~->.<~".;, .. :<:;: '(~------I~=- ..:-;------.-----+-·r;' -> =-~:.-+-. __ .~
·,o"u-----tt+\'(I" ',,,,:,,~ ut ttl ttle"'" \:11 at .• ill ill7 ":,;,,,
W ~ VIEW B-~ _ \\ aL.- HALF ELCV.-AIJUT./ HALF ELEV.-ABUT.I!
lL:.:~l; ASbe'Ir;,p:c~~;l-<, \ ESrlMATED QUANTITIES

2i'R,wac ('" 6'rO(~ O'Qr<nfl 0100,,"1 fll'9JfJ"'
.4,---,s:a;.~_;480n<15 Fr::,::;:'rAilJ- .9122'4 ~E~f:li;e:fl~:re~l-- • __ .:::::J~*J~
lJ-ICEW~;:.MJn leoqlll,"O·
"'?' , NOTES
;floyera(OSMSIOSOOC""''l",rlh ~ @. , .~@IZ··'.·4rl.S@/1· Des'an based On C-lliaod"'g m accordonce ..I/h "SlIe"(J,Qflons for Slee!
QrQp~"'ro Guier sudace Cement , .- fi'o"..ay 8nd(}es". /9'9 Edit",,, . .IImenron ''1o''.oy EnqmHrmg ASS~clatlOO
ELEVATION Foolmgsdes'9!'.dft]ral1 OSSi/m#d olla",aDI. pile /ood of J2 tOM
(aHOf bacH'I"·· ....· . • orqlue 1 -- (iJ6",2z'-9'
9
lol.~ele(/wl1UflesurfaLf ' ClJnCrele d.5/qtI bosed On 0 C(l?llllre~s". ~Iren(ifh of JOOO Ibs per sq, m
All ~'lJOs~d edqe5 Qf concrete shol/ be Chamffred r
"''''''],;!:. %'-,-/:~:"n"" ''Pol "",,,,, 'r - ,~< i:;:::"'~, '~ , ". linless olller,,'se siIo..n. {)Iace r.mforce",.nl salMt lile clear dlslance
f;t>1",e." (lice of concrel. Md neor••1 ,~"",(arce"'fnl '5 for-, b<>rs ,r
_I ,"'"'' I". I ",,",,"",'" '~7,~ and leH, and 1" for ""6 bars and greoler; e~cepillrO~Id. 0 cleor.
disfQn,e{romfQceofroncrelep/Qcedoqoll1,lear thorf"()(kofZw/lff/
OErA<L A ~@'~' -.r-,J,·'@"- ihKkness/,jI"or1ess.tmdJ"",lIe1erh,OneH'S qreolerlhon 9'
.11lllilmen5/Qn, IQ remfQrcemeol ore 10 c."ters o(bars
(opbors 24 bard/am.ler, un/eHathentise <!to .. n
j---
1- _ "rom
~]
;' -'-'<"';'-
"-j "'",' i · ,-",,,"
•
,,-;. E'.~ol/O"s oflmdqe ,eals ore frno/dressed C010frtie sur(ocn Tal'rP
obulmen!s Under beorrnqs lobe broug'" IQ {)r(){H!r e'.vallQn by lxJ$h
lIammefr01} Or (}rmdm'l
AlitocHiII oraurrd rrbulmeMs tah'{)lf/pocled
FQrL09S off%ol/JI(J/ri)n, SUilwQ.6H-li<1l
• SECnoN e-e
r:.,' - q . . OCI'MHMH"-Q'-,,'C IfHCIfIQIf
--~.t . .
~~lJ'. ,'~_. ~ IN.'.u or '"'L.M.'''''''
MISSOU'" '"'VC" IIASIN 1'It0J£!;T
'~J" - ,.{.fd·'",'''",,''. . ' . ~lV
Y"!fEE rOIlI<!! DIV-CAlilT liEN!;,. UNIT-orOlliTAIlIj,
-,-_ __ _ -71. j I If '''''",",.,,,,-Weir! "";'d-"·.f3 '-0"""
t :.~ " ' Pi mpla,., ,,', ': UNION PACIFIO RAILROAD RELOCATION
REO ROCK RIVER BRIDGE
'."'MEN'" ' ; ,"" dn,,", "". V PLAN - ELEVATION -ABUTMENTS
]ij
/VOle D,menslo"s. {II'Jng. sam. oS I.bul;;
OE;~~LtSO:T:~NeHOR
G CAP PLATE
FOOTING PLAN •• u,·'"'~~:~d~~_~1:~,::~~:~:~~.:~:;:::~:~.o1::::;:~::;::~::o:,:::=~~?,k-~trtE·~: I
DS-3-b - 12/8/67
355
UNION PACIFIC RP.ILROAD RELOCATION, RED ROCK RIVER BRIDGE--STEEL PLAN, GIRDERS, DECK--EAST BENCH UNIT Fig. 27 Par. 9.13B
5ymlll aboul
E Brulr;t .-
,-BoHam /o'tra1tlr«1IIg
S'r.n'i~rl 21"" 96 IIJ; ~Jj~i·· ," lI' frJ • •:SU De'oll .. _. -,A I
I . ~l-hiLLI--P4M4-+-I'++-!'++++HZ-f--H*-!--JLI--I+f'H-¥I--++'t+Ji1-~rH41
~:t f:::"""""' F'"
? \ ~_-l'~J;'HI JPll f1Ieml!ront

onJf~rf)roofm9 ~CM'M"""
"',PI IjAsph(llllllollk.
;Wldll>
L.::: ~--~{~
fr_~orOll"" \
--- ._·l~fa·i iOtctpIOIt-" :: L'd,1 fWldlh
_JA.. khH br-are,s~
>, \ . .'--.,-IPI . Ballast .---.-~i-10COllllllrX!IJS. Full .,dfh
'--J - :- ~.~~I~ ~('2~r~~~ -.'. .... . ..... -..: :"~"J ~'all,B&C.·
-H'CJJ9 LAPPING OF MEMBRANE
PLAN I ., +""'Lr-i--Y;::;!'~:,;»~:l I}A5Ph oIl IlIQM
WA TERPROOFING
TIH>f101l~-Z'8",J
[lID sllff'S·2(U'f'j.
ItIlrrlMdli;". s/lffs IC",.P/1'(J,Jot,"-, ICOoP1zo.j-ou·o
?6,.,.; INI ff'(}IrJ '>~'i LI
ZIH>J;.~ I Coo PI lO1'4(J"-o --rv-
?PII';;
5'-"""_00011/(
'C
~ i"',"(,i' ~.'J"
1.10> r.- .. IfJ/Ir:h- .' #·'lfHOIrS
-~;,;a~ ;I~~~~ ~-~ ~-:;;1 (i& -.....-----Ji -. ---1
- : "~t.'~' '
ICINPllo,}.n".o@,l'O.PllO.j.U"'o@
,;:71
CL •\\"~"-,,- iii" jc
CLfVAT,'ON I CarPI lod.fl·o
SEaT/ON A-A
I1·J'·Q ..
Aspholf planlt·
Jl "'aslll;oll .. JaiSldbolts",,/fr,.p
JPJr_IJI'r)tN'-_ ,!"",nddrtlft_,l..' andl«lt.,uh~1I
. .' /l()/e$ III.idtr;ltpl
,s rm;'weidtlJollluldrc'pl---- 'IDtr:Itf)IQ~
CUf';M/OI/-d«'j'
PIIOf'!PlpeS!et..e: ~
r-;i:o;ig~m~
~\-.CII{J~J;'.l'1 {liptloploit
'
SECTiON E-E
----j
':--~.~' ~'-=j
~- ,-,Y-- DRAJN DETAIL
'--LOI~rQI. ... i DN;~ f)/ "
-. brrX 1"9" \
I~(J PI'
HoIts@
2~·''''S· NOTES
:[::Jf,L~;;:t%,o;~~5:?~1:~t. FarqtnPrrJinolesseeOwyii99-Q',
All f'lfe!S IObt idiomtttr
! 2,W'n r::::~tw:~v~a::;-',-~'i'e:cb;'iP,Jl--;"'-r-------" I}A5{Jhall.-
FI:::,:,.Ormtct'CflSIoI>t n.tlsolldhoIPs/ifunIUsorM1'W!Sp
i
pIQn/l--'
\- ,~ ;~:::~f::~~_"-'/C _ ,' 1 Q c --I FI9ur~@,nd,coItS Ilwwmum _tltr of ~OltS ouf of toell
lIIa~U"4·i- /, _ : 15",oi 010 (J r,,!~! SN;I,oIlOfltnsiOtl flon9t
CIt{Jl"fd i....... lrRupl Fo~ ~O..er II/Qlts un Jj m(mmum ~I.tt pikh unlit plQI, IS fullr
DETAIL A 'J5[!J9 dtrlflop~ tht:n mertas" tJf"odwl/y IOmQ'lmum o/lowlfd
.T~~~t/P JjIJIflPlkh"·---- DETAIL 8 1/1Aspitlltp/on, bysplfclf'CQltan.
(AllJtItir~n's.fardtlo'ls
CI,p L ~lf'l
, 0 •••
'-'--'-'-.--'- .J nolshownsN' ~QliC! ----;r
~ ... ",::goar IT IT
:;iLayerQfas/ttSIOSpor:itllltJ.,lhlJ'"OP,,,'ed
.- ;-~. • n~ DETAIL D
DtlQiI D lJU~r lu,faft. Cl'!lfltnl (Jt' ~/1Ie 10 baIlO.'" t .....:'I~':,7.'.m"H' N' :,::::;';;;:;'H "",...._"
{GI~dtr f- +t , .... afi dta f)/
:'"}V
~""f/l" SECTION B-B
... ,..,,, .. ~.tT (U r~~
,,,,,.,"> :.-......,,,'.. "' ...
2 '-: .. • """''' o~ "~CL""""""
IIIIS50,nu "'>!EIr e.SI" ""OJEcT
rHlrEE Fa"ors fJ/" __ EAsr .E"C.H u",T- .. O"TANA
rs«":V~E4"~"'''::';::~:'~,' '
IFtil PI' /'/1 .:~h-(:;;5; Chlf! fl/l~ bIIf!I'-:,:,t_~~ ._/ co" ' •••• 1(-.: 'C~~~~ '"no UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD RELOCATION
'i Fill PI
:'-JjlldIWOIIOII RED ROCK RIVER BRIDGE
ZrlJioi,l , STEEL PLAN - GIRDERS - DECK
RlVll$ @~iclrs--'
R, S..~I~~ _
PART LONGITUDINAL SeCTiON
i""'~J~~~ ;A;:"~;~~;.'
BOTTOM LATERAL BRACING SCCTION a-c
:::;..::~::-_J>~~·4. --:=::::?1J~
~""~.".<:"'-~"".""' .......,••..••" I 699- D-7
DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
357
Ca::taL and Related. Structures Chap. 9 Bridges
kELOCP,TION C. B. & Q. RP.ILHOP,D, BRIDGE MILE 318.41--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--BOYSEN UNIT Fig. 28 Par. 9.13B
R"""d","""'~ )fi-?cc~
~ '~N II
!'__ :~,;i:lI\;J.l"/{,I, ~-!.Ji';:\'\:-<'"
I. '" '.' . '.
-J-~--J_ :i: ,I,:~: :i,.': :):", I,10'j: 1.':: ' \"
'ij: 'l!'~-i)i~i~i I 'i' "I ", ,,' " " \
~:~~:~~:::::
SECTION B-B
SECTION c-c
90'·0"rc korln,!,'
90 fI D~c~ PI(}I~ Girder- ,j

S!eelpdeJ
S~~~#B~~~IH .(~
14SPB9.J5~O
-Slee' ladder-;
REFERENCE DRAWINGS
0" i'l A/,fJef'lenl (JfIr/Proflie 285·0· 26
8:::;:;:~"
A""I"",~I~ J 82 Pile Ben/!;. ~-(J-IH
90I'f~c~ f'i<JIr!6V.hr.. " m-D-IS",

285·0-121)
~;::~}eg;::Z~C~d Conr:re~
i Otr~ 5:~lls
f;n"d ,~:::,g;:: ..., Preco51Re,nforced Concrel~ Spr;ms
;1 if+ I6 F/illldI8f1Spons _
!' ,"I
iI II~ r,~. ,ond ond
t, , qeOV"t
H ': ::
~I S1ul",le5 SEfVr ..
c"_,,~,I" hOC ,o~d a~a Qed ••1
C~ L"
,orne ,moll D~vldee.
U V"".'. .!',:':'::::::' NOTES
, D~ul~."
SECTION A-A
~~:I"'::~""I 00" {)e;IQfI b/Jsed (If! [ - T2 l(Jodlflg in O""ordafl~e ..Ill SPfCi-
{,cal,OfIs (or SHiel 110'/",oy Bridges, I!Ni! &p'/on, 01 ~
,
~O'-" •
',~n~ geev.' """
[/:;;1:;;:°;, ~~:::'s E;)'~::;;'7s ~~~~imole Mly
ORILLHOLE AS BUfLT QUANTITIES
E"LEVATION r;(Jm:r~te(D@c~ Slobs) 120CII'((/S
CI)fl~rr;"'(Su1Jsti'!tr:fvtJ 42J 1 Cu, rd~
HemfDrc8rr,MI steel J2,94; Lbs
~ ( Benl1,
"'.BOI·ooer 51fl1,furol sre~1 150,724 ills
92"-8'" PIi"'"IJ (St~~11 3,260J Lm FI
~pp~"':.~~~:.~ ~.-I-"'~
I H
~
'~ "~~
'0
";
""P"'"'''~'''
guRCAU Q<
OFRl'C'
'''0. . .'"''''1e'''
~r"'N
MISSouRI #lAS'1f pRoJccr

,-t--, tlOYSf.:N uIfIT-t/l'''O....NG
*f ~,:i \ ~;
REI..OCATION C_ B
a Q RAfLROAD
rliridge :r~ ~" BR/DGF: M/LF: 3/8.4/
~7'; : PLAN-ELEVATION-$ECTfON5
"'" :
5leelp.lel' " ...... w~
+<-"'",<', :.;C,;-;.
, I~·~~ ;
FOOTING PLAN Sleelijlle," ..; ~-:" 6 :::::;::~ x)i;!'- .
, ;I,e"m'."
~ : U'''~ER" G(I,WRAon. ,-,IlLy'. "".1285-0-152
359
DS-3-5 - 12/8/6'1
_ _ _----=C::ll~21-; a::id. l~date.J Chap. 9 Bridges
FELGC:"TION C. R L & P. FML"CAiJ, BRIDGE Ci2'!4--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--NORTON DAM Fig. 29 Par. 9.13B
",_J!<,o, ~,
.::1/
~,I I -
~7
C.""''''''~ trj~
_ -s~~ girdu
&~ 21' / ,
l __ ~"T'-~ ..J1" J'
~""-
~i
r"-~!rI'(JJ:~~r.!:~-.t;,!,_·_,,-I_S
nl1fr~1
rI l,,~~~-~
DH!1B-J~!
,n,
,1 .
I fll,.'4
i.,. r-x.-i
.;-PR-rc
D~H2-0-" :~~-I
:
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DS-3-b - 12/8/67
361
C8.nals and Related Structures Chap. 9 Bridges
RELOCATION C. B. & Q. RAILROAD, BRIDGE MILE 318. 28--PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTIONS--BOYSEN UNIT Fig. 30 Par. 9.13B
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
363
Cana:5 and RelateJ Struc:.ures Chap. 9 Bridges
SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILP.OAD CROSSINGS FOR CANAL AND EQUALIZING FLOOD WAY, SAN LUIS CANAL--PFESTRESSED BOX GIRDERS Fig. 31 Par. 9.13C
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DS-3-5 - 12/8/67
365

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Design Standards No. 3

CANALS AND IlELA'fED STRUCTURES

CHAPTER 1 CANALS AND LATEIULS

2 GENERAL DESIGN INFORMATION FOR STRUCTURES

<I DIVERSION HEADWORKS

6 WATER MEA~UREME:NT STRUCTURES

7 CROSS DRAINA<;E AND PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES

8 PIPE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER

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,. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

J. SPONSORING I MONITORING AGENCY NAME(Sj AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING I MONITORING

12a. DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DIstRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUM8ER OF PAGES

Standard Form 298 Back (Rev 2·89)

Insert Sheets: Remove Sheets:

Design Standards No. 3 (182 sheets) Design Standards No. 3

~i~(£~---- December 8, 1967

(To be filled in by employee who files this release in appropriate folder.

The above change ras been made in the Design Standards.

DESIGN STANDARDS NO.3

CANALS AND RELATED STRUCTURES

Chapter 1 Canals and Laterals

CANAL LINmG POLICY

UNLINED CANALS OR LATERALS

LINED CANALS OR LATERALS

Type of matericLl Value of C

FLOW .3 Flow-capacity requirements of various parts of a system are determined and

CANAL LINJNG POLICY

•b Justification for using unlined waterways is sometimes very complicated JUSTIFICATION

UNLINED CANALS OR LATERALS

FREE- . 10 Freeboard in a canal will normally be governed by considerations of the canal

v = 1. 486 r 2/3 SI/2 FLOW

Figure 2 shows the relationship of Va to D for various water depths.

UNLINED CANALS OR LATERALS--Continued

LINED CP.NALS OR LATERALS

f-' 0- 2' '0'

~ lu.vs nllnK SAfETY ::v

IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS--INSIDE SLOPES 1-1/2:1 and 2:l.

Outside Bank Slopes

DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

C.'~::!JIl E/\l\'- H SEC'} IONS

TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS SHOWING

Bottom width (fW

A 4.8 6.1 7.3 8.6 9.8 11.1 12.3 13.6

A 6.4 7.9 9.4 10.9 12.4 13.9 15.4 16.9 18.4

Bottom width (ft)

A 87.5 97.5 107.5 117.5 127.5 137.5 147.5 157.5 167.5

A 100.4 111.4 122.4 133.4 144.4 155.4 166.4 177.4 188.4

A 126.0 138.0 150.0 162.0 174.0 186.0 198.0 210.0

A 141.4 154.4 167.4 180.4 193.4 206.4 219.4 232.4

DS-3-5 - 12/8/67 (Supersedes 1/6/61)

TYPIC/l.,L IRRIGP.TION CANP.L EP.RTH SECTIONS Fig. 3A Par. 1.?

Bottom width (ft)

A 222.0 234.0 246.0 258.0 264.0 294.0 324.0

A 245.4 258.4 271.4 284.4 290.9 323.4 355.9 388.4

Fig. 3A Par. 1. 7 TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS

TYPICAL IRRIGATION CANAL EARTH SECTIONS SHOWING MINThIIUM

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